DE102009051979A1 - Electric motor, has cross-hall sensor and Wiegand sensor arranged on printed circuit board of flange socket part and detecting angular positions of permanent magnets, which are arranged at rotor shaft - Google Patents

Abstract

The electric motor has permanent magnets (4) arranged at a rotor shaft (5). A flange socket part (66) is inserted through an opening in a motor housing and connected with the housing. A cross-hall sensor (6) and a Wiegand sensor (7) are arranged on a printed circuit board (2) of the socket part and detect angular positions of the magnets. A sealing is provided between the socket part and the housing. The board actuates a spring pressure contact during insertion of the socket part into the housing, where the contact is electrically connected with a stator winding.

Description

The invention relates to an electric motor.

As arrangements for angular position detection, for example, resolvers are known.

The invention is therefore the object of developing an electric motor compact, especially for maintenance or installation in a compact manner.

According to the invention, the object is achieved in the electric motor according to the features indicated in claim 1.

Important features of the invention in the electric motor are that a material measure, in particular a permanent magnet, is arranged on a shaft,
wherein a unit, in particular plug-in unit, can be inserted radially through a recess in the motor housing and can be connected to the motor housing,
wherein in the unit a circuit board is arranged, on which at least one sensor for detecting the material measure, in particular magnetic field-sensitive sensors for detecting the angular position of the permanent magnet are arranged.

The advantage here is that an assembly of the plug-in unit takes place together with the electronics from the radial direction. Thus, a corresponding space requirement in the axial direction is not necessary. In addition, the plug-in unit is integrated with power supply connector executable. In addition, signal lines can be transferred in the connector. Preferably, in this case, the output signal of the arrangement for detecting the angular position of the permanent magnet is providable. Thus, the detected angle value is transferable in the same cable as the supply lines. In addition, therefore, the motor is very compact executable, in particular it requires very small space in the axial direction, although it includes an angle sensor assembly. In addition, the space required for maintenance or mounting in the radial direction is small.

In an advantageous embodiment, a seal between the unit and the motor housing is provided. The advantage here is that a seal can be reached, wherein upon insertion of the plug-in unit, the seal is effective, even if the connector is made effective with pressure contact to the stator winding. This is otherwise simultaneously achievable with a stop which defines the radial position of the plug-in unit.

In an advantageous embodiment, when the unit is inserted into the motor housing, the printed circuit board actuates a pressure contact, in particular a spring pressure contact, which is electrically connected to the stator winding wire, actuated or plugged into a female connector, the stator winding being connected to contacts of the female connector. The advantage here is that a contact can be reached in a secure manner. In addition, the contact is made when the seal is effective.

In an advantageous embodiment, the circuit board is equipped or connected to a connector part, which is connectable to a mating connector part, which is connected at least to supply lines, in particular which is connected to signal lines and supply lines. The advantage here is that a hybrid cable can be used as connection cable.

In an advantageous embodiment is important in the arrangement for angular position detection of a shaft that on the shaft, a first shielding member is rotatably connected, wherein on a side remote from the shaft side at least one permanent magnet is arranged,
wherein a stationary arranged, second shielding member disposed on the side facing away from the shaft axially and spaced from the first shielding member and the permanent magnet,
wherein between the second shielding and the first shielding and permanent magnet, a circuit board is arranged, are arranged on the magnetic field-sensitive sensors.

The advantage here is that a good shielding with closed or almost closed housing is feasible. In particular, magnetic fields originating from the outside are deflectable by the sensors. Thus, the signal-to-noise ratio is improved and fewer errors are possible. For example, the arrangement in an electric motor with brake providable, wherein the brake has a brake coil whose magnetic fields are also directed by the rotor shaft in the direction of the arrangement. However, by virtue of the fact that the first shielding part can be mounted directly on the shaft, an effective deflection of the magnetic fields introduced by the shaft can be effected, and thus an improved shielding is achieved.

In an advantageous embodiment, the magnetic-field-sensitive sensors include a Hall sensor, a cross-Hall sensor, pulse-wire sensor and / or a Wiegand sensor. The advantage here is that by means of the cross-Hall sensor, the detection of the current angular position of the shaft can be performed and by means of the Wiegand sensor, the detection of the absolute number of revolutions can be determined. The connected to the sensors, preferably also provided on the circuit board evaluation circuit for evaluating the Sensor signals can also be supplied from the Wiegand sensor. Because the signals of the Wiegand sensor each contain so much energy that the evaluation circuit or at least a part thereof can be supplied. It is important as part of that part that allows an incrementing or decrementing of a memory content to deposit the absolute number of revolutions. The evaluation circuit can also be connected to a field bus in order to transmit the determined data to other fieldbus users. Alternatively, the evaluation circuit can also be connected to a converter electronics for the consideration of the determined angle information when controlling the electric motor supplied from the inverter circuit.

In an advantageous embodiment of the cross-Hall sensor is axially centered on the permanent magnet facing side of the circuit board, in particular wherein the cross-Hall sensor is arranged in a plane whose normal is aligned parallel to the shaft axis, wherein two Hall sensors of the cross-Hall sensor are aligned perpendicular to each other. The advantage here is that the determination of the angular position can be performed with high accuracy.

In an advantageous embodiment, the normal of the circuit board is aligned parallel to the shaft axis. The advantage here is that an assembly is possible in a simple manner.

In an advantageous embodiment, a Wiegand sensor is arranged on the side facing away from the permanent magnet side of the circuit board, in particular wherein the Wiegand sensor, ie pulse wire sensor, is aligned perpendicular to the shaft axis. The advantage here is that a detection of the number of absolute revolutions of the shaft is executable and / or a supply of the evaluation or at least a portion of the evaluation circuit for evaluating the sensor signals from the sensor signal is executable out.

In an advantageous embodiment, at least one of the shielding parts or the shielding parts are plate-shaped or planar. The advantage here is that a particularly cost-effective production is possible. In order to achieve a good shielding, however, the radial extent of the shielding parts is preferably made larger or much larger than the radial extent of the permanent magnets and / or the sensors on the printed circuit board or the printed circuit board.

In an advantageous embodiment, the shielding parts are designed cup-shaped. The advantage here is that a particularly effective shielding is achieved.

In an alternative advantageous embodiment, the shielding parts are arranged in axially spaced-apart regions, in particular wherein a gap between the shielding parts extends substantially radially and in the circumferential direction. The advantage here is that an assembly in the radial direction is executable.

In an advantageous embodiment, the second shielding part has a lateral opening, from which protrudes the printed circuit board, in particular wherein connecting devices for electrical lines are arranged on the protruding part of the printed circuit board, in particular wherein the connecting devices are designed as connector parts. The advantage here is that a maintenance-friendly interface is created and a simple connection of electrical wiring is possible. In particular, the part of the printed circuit board provided with potting compound in the interior of the pot of the second part can also be cast.

In an advantageous embodiment, the shielding parts are made of soft magnetic material. The advantage here is that an effective shielding can be achieved in a simple and cost-effective manner.

In an advantageous embodiment, the first shielding part is positively connected to the shaft, in particular screw-connected. The advantage here is that a centrally located screw allows the central, so shaft axis symmetrical, centering. The determination in the circumferential direction by means of a form-fitting in the circumferential direction connecting means, such as nose, notch, groove or the like.

In an advantageous embodiment, the first shielding member receives at least one or two permanent magnets, wherein the magnetization direction is provided in the axial direction or opposite to the axial direction. The advantage here is that a quick and easy installation of two permanent magnets is executable. The permanent magnets with high field strength are executable.

In an advantageous embodiment, the permanent magnets are arranged at the same non-vanishing radial distance. The advantage here is that only a few angular errors are caused in the symmetrical arrangement of the permanent magnets.

In an advantageous embodiment, a magnetizable part, in particular a ferrite particle-containing plastic part, is arranged on the first shielding part, the first part region of which is magnetized in the axial direction and the further part region is magnetized against the axial direction. The advantage here is that an easily producible second Shielding part is provided with injected or inserted plastic body. The magnetization of the plastic body can only be carried out after injection or insertion.

In an advantageous embodiment, the first portion extends in a first angular range in the circumferential direction, in particular 0 ° to 180 °, and the second portion in a second angular range in the circumferential direction, in particular 180 ° to 360 °. The advantage here is that only small angular errors are caused when determining the angular position of the shaft.

Important features of the electric motor with a prescribed arrangement are that the electric motor comprises a stator and / or a brake coil of an electromagnetically actuated brake,
wherein the stator and the brake coil is arranged on the side facing away from the printed circuit board of the first shielding.

The advantage here is that the arrangement can be arranged close to the brake or close to the stator, although they produce high magnetic field strengths, which could lead to false signals without shielding.

Further advantages emerge from the subclaims.

The invention will now be explained in more detail with reference to figures:
In the 1 a first embodiment according to the invention is shown, in which an angle sensor arrangement is surrounded by an almost encompassing magnetic shielding housing, wherein the shielding housing consists of a first shielding part 3 and a second shielding part 1 is composed.

In the 2 is a plan view of the second shielding part 1 shown so that one in this shielding part 1 inserted circuit board is visible.

In the 3 2 shows a second embodiment according to the invention, in which the shielding housing consists of two essentially planar shielding parts (FIG. 30 . 31 ) is composed.

In the 4 is a symbolic plan view of the first shielding part ( 3 . 31 ), wherein two surface magnetized permanent magnets 4 are shown.

In the 5 is for a to 5 alternative embodiment a symbolic top view of the first shielding part ( 3 . 31 ), where instead of the two permanent magnets 4 a ferrite particle containing, corresponding magnetized body 60 in particular, wherein the body is surface-magnetized.

In 6 is the installation of a plug-in unit 66 shown with the aforementioned subcomponents.

In the 1 is at the axial end of the shaft 5 , in particular the shaft of an electric motor, a first cup-shaped shielding part 3 intended. Preferably, this shielding part 3 designed rotationally symmetrical. In the shielding part 3 , in particular on the bottom of the pot, permanent magnets are provided. Preferably, a first of these permanent magnets 4 in the axial direction and a second magnetized against the axial direction. Both permanent magnets have the same radial distance to the shaft axis.

The shielding part 3 is with the wave 5 screw-connected by means of the centrally arranged to the shaft axis screw 8th ,

The mitdrehbaren with the shaft shielding 3 axially opposite is a stationary arranged cup-shaped second shielding 1 provided, with the first shielding 3 together essentially forms a closed housing. Between the two shielding a small gap is provided to exclude contact during the rotational movement, taking into account thermally induced changes in length and manufacturing tolerances. The gap extends in the radial direction and in the circumferential direction, so that the shielding parts are spaced apart in the axial direction. The shielding parts ( 1 . 3 ) are made of soft magnetic material and thus direct magnetic fields from the spatial area of the shaft 5 come directly or through the steel shaft 5 be brought around the sensor assembly around, whereby a shielding effect is achieved.

The sensor arrangement also includes a printed circuit board 2 , which is equipped with electronic components. At a limited area on the periphery of the second shielding part 1 an opening is provided so that the circuit board 2 after insertion into the receiving area of the second shielding part 1 on the one hand covers the bottom of the pot and on the other hand protrudes through the opening, so that electrical connections for connecting electrical lines are accessible from the outside.

On the wave 5 facing side of the circuit board 2 is a crosshair sensor 6 attached. This includes two aligned perpendicular to the axis of the shaft, circumferentially perpendicular to each other arranged Hall sensors, so that a detection of the angular position, ie the angular position of the shaft 5 . is executable. It's also on the shaft 5 opposite side of the circuit board 2 is a weighing sensor 7 attached, so that the number of revolutions of the shaft is detected. Here is the Wiegandsensor 7 aligned perpendicular to the shaft.

In this way, an angular position detection is thus made possible, in which on the one hand the current angular position of the rotor shaft in the room and also the absolute number of revolutions of the shaft can be seen since the start of operation.

The normal direction of the printed circuit board 2 is aligned parallel to the shaft axis.

The shielding parts thus form, so to speak, a hood or a housing, so that magnetic fields coming from outside can be derived from the interior of the hood or of the housing. Thus, the arrangement for position detection is undisturbed by external fields. These are in particular producible by the stator of an electric motor, which comprises the arrangement, and / or by a brake coil of an electromagnetically actuated brake of the electric motor. Preferably, these field-generating components are arranged on the shaft-facing side of the first shielding. An edge of the hood or of the housing is arranged close to the edge of the permanent magnets, so that a particularly effective shielding can be achieved.

Preferably, the area covered axially by the first shielding part ends at the same axial position as the area covered by the permanent magnets.

The cup-shaped second shielding part 1 is together with the circuit board 2 and a plug-in unit 60 mechanically connected together, so that this composite can be installed coming from the radial direction in the motor housing 65 , as in 6 shown similarly.

As in 2 shown is the circuit board 2 in the cup-shaped second shielding 1 on the shaft 5 facing side inserted. The attachment of the circuit board 2 is guaranteed by means of screw connection or encapsulation. At a side opening of the pot wall of the second shielding 1 is the circuit board 2 led out and takes there connection devices for connecting electrical cables leading to a converter or a field device. This connection can also be advantageously carried out as a plug connection.

As in 3 is shown, instead of the cup-shaped shielding ( 1 . 3 ) a flat design of the two shielding parts ( 30 . 31 ) advantageous. Thus, a more cost-effective production of the arrangement can be achieved. In this way, the fields coming from the shaft side are deflected essentially in the radial direction, ie away from the arrangement in the radial direction.

4 shows for the aforementioned embodiments according to the 1 to 3 a first arrangement of permanent magnets 4 , Which are arranged at a non-vanishing radial distance from the shaft axis and are magnetized in the axial direction or counter to the axial direction. The permanent magnets 4 are at the pot bottom of the shielding part 3 attached.

Alternative to 4 is also a permanent magnetic arrangement 5 advantageous. In this case, a magnetic body, such as a plastic body with mixed ferrite particles, providable, which is magnetized in a first angular range in the circumferential direction in the axial direction and is magnetized in a remaining angular range against the circumferential direction. The plastic body is either injected or inserted into the first shielding part.

The pot wall, so the side wall of the pot, can also be marked as a collar.

In a further embodiment of the invention, the first shield member has a groove or notch, so that the angular position when mounted on the shaft clearly defined by the shaft has a corresponding survey.

In a further embodiment of the invention, the second shielding on its side wall with a plurality of spaced apart recesses, in particular comb-shaped recesses, designed so that pins or surface segments of the circuit board protrude through the recesses. In this way, in turn connecting devices for connecting further electrical lines can be attached, such as connector parts. But there are also other electronic components on the outstanding areas can be arranged.

The first shielding member preferably has the shape of a rotational body in all embodiments.

In all embodiments, the second shielding part preferably has the shape of a body of revolution, with the exception of the openings or recesses.

In a further embodiment of the invention, the second shielding part together with the printed circuit board and sensors as a unit can be removed or inserted into a housing of an electric motor. In this way, an electric motor can be produced with a detection system for the rotor shaft angle position, wherein the first shielding part is designed with permanent magnet material according to the figures. The unit mentioned is as a unit with a plug-in unit 66 executable, as in 6 is shown in more detail.

According to 6 is the second shielding part 30 together with the printed circuit board with sensors in a direction which is perpendicular to the shaft axis, slidably disposed so that an assembly from this direction is made possible.

This is in a recess of the motor housing 65 the unit from plug-in unit 66 , PCB and shielding part coming from radially outside introduced to a stop. Between motor housing 65 and plug-in unit 66 is a seal 61 intended.

This unit also includes the circuit board 2 , Which has at its radially downwardly directed end portion of metallic strip conductor areas which are inserted as tongues in a provided in the engine socket strip 64 to which the stator lines are connected.

In this way is about one outside of the motor housing 65 arranged in the flange 66 provided connector part with plug contacts 62 a supply of the stator allows by coming from outside a mating connector part in the plug-in unit 66 is inserted. Thus, then the supply lines are connectable with the plug contacts 62 , which have conductor tracks of the circuit board 2 with the said tongue areas of the smooth conductor are plugged with the socket strip 64 and thus with the stator of the stator winding 63 ,

According to the invention a simple replacement of the electronics by replacing the unit plug-in unit 66 allowed in the radial direction.

The wave 5 is as a rotor shaft in the motor housing 65 stored.

The insertion of the plug-in unit 66 into the motor housing 65 So not only causes a tight connection but also an electrical connection to the stator winding 63 ,

LIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

1

Second shielding, in particular soft magnetic first shielding

2

circuit board

3

First shielding part, in particular soft magnetic first shielding part

4

permanent magnet

5

Shaft, in particular rotor shaft

6

Cross Hall sensor

7

Wiegand

8th

screw

30

Second shielding, in particular soft magnetic first shielding

31

First shielding part, in particular soft magnetic first shielding part

60

Plastic body with ferrite particles

61

poetry

62

plug contacts

63

stator

64

receptacle

65

motor housing

66

Flanschdosenteil

Claims (16)

Electric motor, characterized in that a measuring standard, in particular permanent magnet, is arranged on a shaft, wherein a unit, in particular plug-in unit, inserted through a recess in the motor housing, in particular radially insertable, and with the motor housing is connectable, wherein in the unit a sensor for detection the material measure is arranged, in particular magnetic field-sensitive sensors for detecting the angular position of the permanent magnet are arranged, in particular wherein the unit comprises a printed circuit board on which the sensor or the sensors are arranged. Electric motor according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the unit comprises a sensor for detecting the angular position of the shaft and a sensor for detecting the total number of revolutions of the shaft. Electric motor according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a seal between the unit and the motor housing is provided and / or that the sensor has a non-disappearing distance to the material measure. Electric motor according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the printed circuit board during insertion of the unit into the motor housing actuates a pressure contact, in particular a spring pressure contact, which is electrically connected to Statorwicklungsdraht, operated or plugged into a female connector, wherein the stator winding with contacts of the female connector are connected. Electric motor according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the circuit board is equipped with a connector part or is connected, which is connectable to a mating connector part which is connected at least to supply lines, in particular which is connected to signal lines and supply lines. Electric motor according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a first shielding member is rotatably connected to the shaft, wherein at least one of the permanent magnet is disposed on a side facing away from the shaft, wherein a stationary arranged, second shielding member disposed on the side facing away from the shaft axially and spaced from the first shielding member and the permanent magnet, wherein between the second shielding and the first shielding and permanent magnet, a circuit board is arranged, on which the magnetic field-sensitive sensors are arranged. Electric motor according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the magnetic field-sensitive sensors comprise a Hall sensor, a cross-Hall sensor, pulse-wire sensor and / or a Wiegand sensor and / or that the cross Hall sensor is arranged axially centrally on the side facing the permanent magnet side of the printed circuit board, in particular wherein the cross Hall sensor is arranged in a plane whose normal is aligned parallel to the shaft axis, wherein two Hall sensors of the cross Hall -Sensors are aligned perpendicular to each other and / or that the normal of the circuit board is aligned parallel to the shaft axis. Electric motor according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that on the side facing away from the permanent magnet side of the circuit board, a Wiegand sensor is arranged, in particular wherein the Wiegand sensor, ie pulse wire sensor, is aligned perpendicular to the shaft axis. Electric motor according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the shielding parts are plate-shaped or flat or that the shielding are designed cup-shaped. Electric motor according to claim 6, characterized in that the shielding parts overlap in an axial region, in particular wherein a gap between the shielding parts extends substantially axially and in the circumferential direction Electric motor according to claim 9, characterized in that the shielding parts are arranged in axially spaced-apart regions, in particular wherein a gap between the shielding parts extends substantially radially and in the circumferential direction Electric motor according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the second shielding part has a lateral opening from which protrudes the printed circuit board, in particular wherein connecting devices for electrical lines are arranged on the protruding part of the printed circuit board, in particular wherein the connecting devices are designed as connector parts. Electric motor according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the shielding parts are made of soft magnetic material and / or that the first shielding part on the shaft form-fitting, in particular screw-connected, is. Electric motor according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the first shielding part accommodates at least one or two permanent magnets, wherein the magnetization direction is provided in the axial direction or in the opposite direction to the axial direction, in particular, wherein the permanent magnets are arranged at the same non-vanishing radial distance. Electric motor according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a magnetizable part, in particular a ferrite particle-containing plastic part, is arranged on the first shielding part, whose first part region is magnetized in the axial direction and whose other part region is magnetized counter to the axial direction, in particular wherein the first partial region extends in a first angular range in the circumferential direction, in particular 0 ° to 180 °, and the second partial region in a second angular range in the circumferential direction, in particular 180 ° to 360 °. Electric motor according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the electric motor comprises a stator and / or a brake coil of an electromagnetically actuated brake, the stator and the brake coil being arranged on the side of the first shielding part facing away from the printed circuit board.

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