DE102009034049A1 - Solar collector e.g. vacuum tube collector for use in industry, has connecting pipe branching from distribution pipe that is connected with collecting pipe or with pipe by throttle connection, where collecting pipe is led into pipe - Google Patents

Abstract

The collector (1) has a connecting pipe (4) branching from a distribution pipe (2) and led into a collecting pipe (3). The distribution pipe is connected with the collecting pipe or with a pipe by a throttle connection (5), where the collecting pipe is led into the pipe. The connecting pipe is formed as a tubing loop. The throttle connection is observed in flow direction of a heat transfer medium and provided in an area behind the connecting pipe and/or the tubing loop, and comprises a pipe section whose inside diameter is smaller than inside diameter of the distribution pipe. An independent claim is also included for a method for operating a solar collector.

Description

The The invention relates to a solar collector according to the preambles of claims 1 and 9 and an arrangement of several series-connected solar panels and a method of operating a solar collector according to the preamble of claim 10.

solar panels gain more and more in household as well as in industry in importance. With the help of solar panels can over appropriate Absorbed absorber solar energy and to a heat transfer medium, for. B. transfer water become. This heated Heat transfer medium can then either directly to a consumer or a heat storage supplied become. In the known solar panels, however, it comes to gas or air accumulations in the collector lines. The gas in the Collector lines arises z. Due to leaks in the system and by the make-up of heat transfer medium, z. B. water. By saturation the heating medium with the clamping gas, in particular nitrogen or other Gases, it comes with high temperature differences between flow, d. H. the volume flow to the collector and return, d. H. the volume flow back to a buffer tank, to the outgassing of nitrogen in the collector, because there is the hottest Location in the system.

This Gas can only be discharged badly, resulting in significant disadvantages, such as yield reduction due to incomplete use of the collector surface, occurrence from stagnation by demolition of the water column in the collector and to a increased Risk for frost damage in winter leads.

8th shows the arrangement of several series-connected collectors 1a , b, c, d according to the prior art. As well as from the 1 can be detected, has a solar panel 1 a manifold 2 for a heat transfer medium, from which several pipe loops arranged in parallel one behind the other 4 branch off, as well as a manifold 3 into which the several pipe loops 4 lead. The little black arrows in the collector 1a show the flow direction of the heat carrier. The end of a manifold 3 a first collector 1a is about a connection 12 with the manifold 2 a subsequent collector 1b connected. The heat transfer medium thus flows from the distributor pipe into the several pipe loops arranged parallel to one another 4 and from these to the manifold 3 and from there to the next collector 1b , c, d. About a return 8th For example, the warmed up heat transfer medium can be returned to a buffer tank.

The unfilled arrows and squares become the path of the gas fourteen indicated in the collector. Gas from the pipe loops 4 can, with oblique arrangement of the collectors, to the manifold 2 and the manifold 3 rising up. Gas in the manifold 3 can be passed through the individual collectors. Gas in the manifold 2 (see section 13 ) can not escape. Even with high volume flows over a long period of time, the gas can not escape from the manifolds 2 through the pipe loops 4 do the washing up. Also air in the return 8th goes up.

A similar problem arises with solar panels, where as in 7 shown is the solar collector a manifold 2 comprising a plurality of meandering arranged in series pipe loops. Again, the gas remains in a section between the pipe loops 4 hang in the distribution line and can be discharged badly over the pipe loops.

Of these, The present invention is based on the object, to provide a solar collector and a corresponding method, in a simple way a reliable ventilation of the solar collector enable.

According to the invention this Problem solved by the features of claims 1, 9 and 10.

Thereby, that the manifold over a throttle connection is connected to the manifold, the Gas, which is located in the distribution pipe, is channeled to the next collector and can be so over a breather dissipated become. In an arrangement of several collectors in series, the Throttle connection, which branches off from the manifold also with a Pipe into which the collecting pipe opens, ie in particular with a manifold of a subsequent solar collector be connected.

The Throttle connection is throttled so much that the loss volume flow can be kept low (eg ≤ 50%, preferably ≤ 30%). are Several collectors connected in series, can remove the air from the manifolds be passed through to the end of the strand and discharged. Consequently Every single collector is air-free, leaving the entire collector field be flowed through evenly can. Therefore, the entire collector surface can be used and thus the efficiency and the maximum reliability are increased. A stagnation by demolition of the water column in the collector can thus effectively prevented. Also the risk of frost damage in winter can be minimized because the sub strands are now flushed through homogeneously can.

Advantageously, the Connecting pipes around pipe loops.

advantageously, is considered the throttle connection in the flow direction of a heat carrier behind the last connecting pipe or behind the last pipe loop intended. Thus, a particularly effective ventilation can be achieved become. It is also possible the throttle connection before the last connecting pipe or the last To arrange tube loop. This can then at least part of the Gases are discharged in the front region of the solar collector.

The Throttle connection advantageously comprises a tube or a Pipe section whose diameter is smaller than the diameter of the manifold. Thus, it can be ensured that gas escape can, but only a little heat transfer to the Connecting pipes or pipe loops flows past. Advantageously, the diameter is (Inner diameter) of the throttle connection ≦ 50%, preferably ≦ 30% of the inner diameter of the manifold.

advantageously, The solar panel is a vacuum tube collector that special works effectively and has good thermal insulation.

advantageously, the solar collector is installed so that it is inclined and in particular at an angle of 10 to 90 ° to the horizontal is. The inclination hangs among other things from the geographical latitude. Especially advantageous it is when in Europe the inclination angle is 20-35 ° with respect to the horizontal. In this oblique Arrangement are the connecting pipes or pipe loops below the manifold, allowing gas in the tubes upwards can get into the manifold and so can be discharged.

at an array of multiple solar panels connected in series is a header end of a first solar panel over a Connection with a distributor pipe start of a subsequent solar collector connected. Thus, an already heated heat transfer even further from the following Heats collectors become. Characterized in that the header end with the manifold beginning connected to a subsequent solar panel can also gas in the manifold through the several collectors are passed.

advantageously, has at least the manifold of, considered in the flow direction of the heat carrier, last solar panel connect with a vent on. Thus, the gas can be removed from the system in a simple manner become.

According to one another embodiment of the present invention, which is essentially the first embodiment corresponds, the connecting pipes or pipe loops are not parallel one behind the other arranged, but there are several arranged in series pipe loops intended. Again, as in the first embodiment, a Throttle connection provided over each one section of the manifold in front of a respective pipe loop with a section of the manifold behind the respective pipe loop connected is. Thus, gas can be passed through the collector in the manifold without having to pass the pipe loops. This collector thus allows also a more or less gas-free operation.

at an operating method according to the present The invention is gas from the manifold via a throttle connection supplied to the manifold and over a breather dissipated. It is also possible Gas from the manifold over the throttle connection a pipe into which the heat carrier flows from the manifold to to lead and the gas over a breather dissipate. By this method, a complex flushing of the air through the connecting pipe or pipe loops prevented.

The The present invention will be described below with reference to the following Figures closer explained.

1 shows a rough schematic perspective view of a solar collector according to a first embodiment of the present invention.

2 shows an enlargement of the in 1 shown section A.

3 Fig. 1 shows a schematic diagram of the arrangement of a plurality of solar collectors arranged in series according to the first embodiment of the present invention.

4 shows roughly schematically a solar collector system according to the present invention.

5 shows roughly schematically a variant of the first embodiment of the present invention.

6 schematically shows a solar collector according to a second embodiment of the present invention.

7 shows roughly schematically a solar collector according to the prior art.

8th shows roughly schematically an arrangement of several series-connected suns collectors according to the prior art.

1 and 2 show the basic structure of a solar collector 1 according to a first embodiment of the present invention. The solar collector 1 Here is, for example, a vacuum tube collector. The solar collector 1 has a manifold 2 on, via a heat transfer medium via a flow 9 (please refer 3 ) can be supplied. As a heat transfer fluid is a liquid, in particular water. The manifold 2 may for example have an inner diameter of 10 to 30 mm. From the manifold from branching several parallel successively arranged connecting pipes 4 from, in this embodiment, as pipe loops 4 are formed. Per solar collector approximately 5-30 connecting pipes or pipe loops are provided. At, in the direction of flow of the heat carrier considered, the rear end of the solar collector 1 ends the manifold 2e , Next includes the solar panel 1 a collection pipe 3 into which the several connecting pipes 4 or pipe loops 4 lead. About this manifold 3 the heated heat carrier can either be another solar collector 1 or a rewind 8th (please refer 3 ) are supplied to a consumer or a buffer tank. The solar collector 1 is arranged inclined at an angle of 10 to 90 ° to the horizontal. Preferably, the solar collector is inclined at an angle of 20 to 35 ° to the horizontal, wherein the tube loops 4 below the distributor pipe 2 are located. Thus, gas from the connecting pipes or pipe loops 4 to the manifold 2 and here also to the manifold 3 rising up.

According to the present invention is in the end of the manifold 2 a throttle connection 5 provided as a vent line, which is the manifold 2 with the manifold 3 combines. The throttle connection 5 is therefore considered in the flow direction of the heat carrier behind the last connecting pipe 4 or behind the last pipe loop 4 intended. The throttle connection 5 comprises a pipe or a pipe section whose inner diameter is smaller than the inner diameter of the distributor pipe 2 , wherein the inner diameter z. B. ≤ 50%, in particular ≤ 30% of the inner diameter of the manifold 2 is. The manifold has about an inner diameter of 10 to 30 mm. on. The fact that the connecting line is throttled strongly, on the one hand gas from the manifold 2 be discharged, on the other hand, but the loss of volume flow to the connecting pipes or pipe loops 4 is low and less than 50% or less than 30%. The gas that is in the manifold 2 can thus be through the throttle connection 5 continue to the next collector 1 be smuggled. The gas that is in the manifold 3 can be held over this. The manifold 3 leads to a corresponding vent 11 (please refer 3 ),

As in 3 is shown, are advantageously several (n), in particular 1-5 or 1-10 solar panels 1a . 1b . 1c and 1d arranged one behind the other in a row. Here is a header end 3e a first solar collector 1a over a connection 12 with a manifold beginning 2a a subsequent solar collector 1b connected. Thus, the heat transfer medium which has been heated in a first solar collector can be further heated in the connecting pipes or pipe loops of the following collectors in order to achieve a sufficiently high temperature of the heat transfer medium. How out 3 As can be seen, here is the throttle connection at the end of each solar panel 5 provided to allow adequate ventilation of the manifold. In 3 only one solar panel row is shown. However, it is also possible for a plurality of rows (for example 1-15 rows) to be arranged one above the other or in parallel, so that the in 4 shown collector field 6 results. In this arrangement, the system has a flow 9 on, ie a volume flow to the collectors 1 and a return 8th ie a volume flow back to a buffer tank 7 , as in 4 is shown. In the upper area of the buffer tank is a clamping gas space.

Due to the unfilled arrows and squares in 3 the way of the gas is shown. On the one hand, gas can already be taken from the buffer tank via the flow 9 be entered into the pipes or enter through leaks in the system. The dissolved in the heat transfer gas z. As air, the span gas or other gases, can in the pipe loops 4 outgas due to the high temperatures, and increases as by the arrows, for example, at the collector 1b shown, up into the manifold 2 as well as the manifold 3 , The gas in the manifold 3 can be at the end of the solar panel 1b be discharged and will be over the connection 12 , z. B. a screw, passed through to the next solar panel. In the present invention, the gas used in the prior art in the manifold 2 more or less in the field 13 the manifold was caught, via the throttle connection 5 be passed through. The gas in the manifold 2 is thus via the throttle connection 5 the manifold 3 fed. Thus, the gas can be passed through the several solar collectors in series and through the vent 11 into which the manifold 3 opens, be vented. The vent 11 is in an area that is at the same height or above the multiple solar panels 1 is located, arranged such that also gas that is in the return 8th ascends, can be dissipated. For example, automatic ventilators are used as deflators by default.

In the arrangement of multiple solar panels, it is also possible that the throttle connection 5 coming from the manifold 2 branches off as through 5 is shown, not directly to the manifold 3 is connected, but with a pipe into which the heat carrier flows from the manifold, z. B. with the manifold 2 a subsequent solar panel or connection 12 , Even so can gas in the manifold 2 via the throttle connection 5 be passed through. Since the manifold the connection 12 with included, the throttle connection could 5 also in the connection 12 lead (not shown).

In the operating method according to the invention, a heat transfer medium from the buffer memory 7 in the lead 9 pumped and as in 3 and 4 represented by the distribution pipes 2 the first collectors 1a fed to a corresponding row. The heat carrier is here in a row on the manifold 2 the several connecting pipes 4 or pipe loops 4 fed. In the connecting pipes 4 The heat carrier is heated by absorption of solar energy and is in the manifold 3 directed. The manifold 3 includes the connector 12 , via which the heated heat transfer medium into the second solar collector 1b is directed. From the manifold 2 the second solar collector 1b from in the same way as described above, the heat transfer medium in the connecting pipes 4 heated and the manifold 3 fed. The water is then passed through the several solar panels 1b . 1c . 1d passed through and a return 8th either directly to the consumer or the buffer tank 7 or other devices, such as a collector circulation fed. In this process, the gas accumulations are now from the distribution pipes 2 via the throttle connection 5 supplied to the manifold and can then be passed through the subsequent solar panels and the breather 11 be dissipated.

According to another embodiment, as related to 5 However, the gas may also have a throttle connection 5 the manifold 2 a subsequent solar panel are supplied and thus be passed through the solar panels. When the last solar panel in a row but then preferably the throttle connection with the manifold 3 or with a pipe for venting 11 leads, connected.

6 shows a further embodiment of the present invention. Here includes the manifold 2 several meandering pipe loops arranged in series 4 , As described above, also here gas accumulations in a section between the pipe loops in the distribution line 2 get stuck. From there, the gas bubbles can be discharged badly over the pipe loops. In an advantageous manner, therefore, throttle connections 5 provided on each one section 16 of the manifold 2 in front of a respective pipe loop 4 with a section 17 of the manifold behind the respective pipe loop 4 connected is.

Because of the oblique arrangement of the solar collector, the gas in the pipe loops up in the areas 16 to 17 between the pipe loops 4 This gas can get over the throttle connections 5 be passed to the collector end and does not have to be flushed through the pipe loops. The dimensions of the throttle connection and the manifold correspond to the dimensions as explained in the first embodiment.

The The present invention has been described in connection with discharging Gas or air described. Of course, this means any gaseous inclusion such as nitrogen, etc. meant.

Claims (10)

Solar panel ( 1 ) with a distributor tube ( 2 ), from which at least one connecting pipe ( 4 ) branches off, and with a manifold ( 3 ) into which the at least one connecting tube ( 4 ), characterized by a throttle connection ( 5 ) over which the manifold ( 2 ) with the manifold ( 3 ) or via which the distributor tube ( 2 ) with a tube into which the collecting tube ( 3 ) is connectable. Solar collector according to claim 1, characterized in that the at least one connecting pipe ( 4 ) a pipe loop ( 4 ). Solar panel ( 1 ) according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the throttle connection ( 5 ), viewed in the flow direction of a heat carrier, in an area behind the last connecting pipe or the last pipe loop ( 4 ) is provided. Solar panel ( 1 ) according to claim 1, 2 or 3, characterized in that the throttle connection ( 5 ) comprises a pipe or a pipe section whose inner diameter is smaller than the inner diameter of the distributor pipe ( 2 ), Solar panel ( 1 ) according to at least one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the solar collector ( 1 ) is a vacuum tube collector or a flat collector. Solar panel ( 1 ) according to at least one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the solar collector ( 1 ) is inclined at an angle of 10 to 90 ° to the horizontal. Arrangement of a plurality of series-connected solar collectors according to at least one of Claims 1 to 6, characterized in that a collector tube end ( 3e ) of a first solar collector ( 1a ) via a connection ( 12 ) with a distributor pipe beginning ( 2a ) of a subsequent solar collector ( 1b ) connected is. Arrangement according to claim 7, characterized in that the arrangement at least one vent ( 11 ), wherein in particular at least the collecting tube ( 3 ) of, considered in the flow direction of the heat carrier, last solar collector ( 1d ) with the vent ( 11 ) connected is. Solar collector with a distribution pipe ( 2 ), the several meandering arranged in series pipe loops ( 4 ), characterized by throttle connections ( 5 ), each of which has a section ( 16 ) of the manifold ( 2 ) in front of a respective tube loop ( 4 ) with a section ( 17 ) of the manifold behind the respective tube loop ( 4 ) connected is. Method for operating a solar collector ( 1 ) according to at least one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that gas from the manifold ( 2 ) via a throttle connection ( 5 ) the manifold ( 3 ) and via a deaerator ( 11 ) is discharged, or gas from the manifold ( 2 ) via a throttle connection ( 5 ) a pipe into which the distributor pipe ( 2 ), directed and via a breather ( 11 ) is discharged.

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