DE102009030543A1 - Fluidized bed reactor for producing gas product from carbon-containing materials through allothermal steam gasification, comprises combustion chamber with fluidized bed for generating necessary heat - Google Patents

Abstract

A fluidized bed reactor comprises a combustion chamber (10) with a fluidized bed (12) for generating necessary heat allothermal steam gasification. A reforming reactor (20) for carrying out the allothermal steam gasification with another fluidized bed (24) and a loading equipment (22) for storing the carbon-containing materials are also provided. A common reactor vessel (2) is provided with the former reforming reactor and the combustion chamber.

Description

The The invention relates to a fluidized bed reactor for the production of Product gas from carbonaceous feedstocks according to claim 1.

From the EP 1 187 892 B1 a so-called heat pipe reformer for producing fuel gas from carbonaceous feedstocks is known in which heat generated by means of heat pipes in a combustion chamber with a first fluidized bed is coupled into a reformer reactor arranged above the combustion chamber with a second fluidized bed. In the reformer reactor, product gas is produced from the feedstocks to be gasified by allothermal steam gasification. Since the individual heat pipes enforce the pressure vessel of the reformer reactor, its construction and structure becomes expensive. The use of heat pipes in the high-pressure area also brings with it the problem of hydrogen pads at the upper, heat-emitting end of the heat pipes with it. These hydrogen pads must be avoided with elaborate design measures, since they severely affect the heat transfer function of the heat pipes.

It is therefore an object of the present invention from the of EP 1 187 892 B1 To simplify known heat pipe reformer and thus to make cheaper.

The This problem is solved by a fluidized bed reactor according to the features of claim 1.

Thereby, that the reformer reactor in the combustion chamber and thus in the first Fluid bed immersed, eliminating the provision of Heat pipes. Instead, heat is flowing without the detour via heatpipes directly from the combustion chamber the container wall in the reformer reactor. The heat transport This makes it even more efficient than with heatpipes because there is no thermal resistance the heat pipe must be overcome. The heat flux density between the combustion chamber and reformer reactor is thereby increased. The heat transport in the reformer reactor is only through the heat transfer between the first fluidized bed and the vessel wall of the reformer reactor and the heat transfer between tank wall and second fluidized bed in the reformer reactor certainly. There are no passages through the container wall the reformer reactor for the heat pipes needed simplify the construction of the reformer reactor.

• • Keine Beeinträchtigung der Wärmetransporteinrichtung durch Wasserstoffdiffusion;
• • Keine Beeinträchtigung des Wärmeübergangs und der Dampfverteilung im Reformer-Reaktor durch die Wärmetransporteinrichtung;
• • Höhere Leistungsdichte bei „kleinen” Reformer-Reaktor-Modulen, als bei einem herkömmlichen Heatpipe-Reformer;
• • Der Reformer-Reaktor hat keine Wärmeverluste nach außen, da dieser von außen beheizt wird.
• • Stark vereinfachte Bauweise im Vergleich zu einem herkömmlichen Heatpipe-Reformer: – Keine Schwächung des Reformer-Reaktor-Druckbehälters durch eine Vielzahl von Bohrungen, die für das Einführen von Wärmetransport-Rohren oder ähnlichen Wärmetransportvorrichtungen vorgesehen werden müssen; – Keine Dichtungs- und Montageprobleme an den Durchführungen der Wärmetransportvorrichtung in Reformer-Druckbehälter; – Freie Wärmeausdehnung des Druckbehälters in der Brennkammer;
• • Die einfache Bauweise erlaubt höhere Drücke im Reformer-Reaktor, was zu einer höheren Gasqualität führt;
• • Mehrere Reformer-Reaktor-Module parallel in der Brennkammer führen zu höherer Gasleistungen;
• • Höhere Sicherheit bei Fertigung, Montage, Betrieb, Wartung und Entsorgung durch Verzicht auf Flüssigmetall befüllte Heatpipes.

This results in the following advantages:

• • No impairment of the heat transport device due to hydrogen diffusion;
• • No impairment of the heat transfer and the steam distribution in the reformer reactor by the heat transport device;
• • Higher power density in "small" reformer reactor modules than in a conventional heat pipe reformer;
• • The reformer reactor has no heat losses to the outside, as it is heated from the outside.
• • Simplified design compared to a conventional heat pipe reformer: - No weakening of the reformer reactor pressure vessel through a variety of holes that must be provided for the introduction of heat transfer tubes or similar heat transport devices; - No sealing and assembly problems at the passages of the heat transport device in the reformer pressure vessel; - Free thermal expansion of the pressure vessel in the combustion chamber;
• • The simple design allows higher pressures in the reformer reactor resulting in higher gas quality;
• • Several reformer reactor modules in parallel in the combustion chamber lead to higher gas outputs;
• • Greater safety during production, assembly, operation, maintenance and disposal by dispensing with liquid metal filled heatpipes.

Across from The heatpipe heating of the reformer reactor is the heat transfer limited by the outer surface of the reformer reactor and is thus coupled to the diameter of the reformer reactor. An embodiment of the reformer reactor as a fluidized bed heat exchanger - claim 2 - or a ribbing of the outside and / or the inside of the reformer reactor - claim 4 and 5 - increased the effective for heat transfer Surface.

There the gasification capacity of the reformer reactor at its cross-sectional area is coupled, but the heat input at the periphery, results a reformer performance in which the heat transport through heat pipe heating inside is higher than that Heat transport through the reformer wall heating from the outside. Depending on the operating point and fuel, this point is a maximum of 100 kW product gas output at a reformer diameter of about 230 mm. The application of the Tauchreformers is thus on small reformer reactor performances limited. To be able to increase the performance a plurality of reformer reactor modules in parallel in the combustion chamber arranged - claim 3.

The remaining Subclaims relate to further advantageous embodiments the invention.

Further Details, features and advantages of the invention will become apparent the exemplary embodiment described below the invention with reference to the drawings.

It shows:

1 a schematic longitudinal sectional view of a first embodiment of the invention,

2 a schematic cross-sectional view through the fluidized bed reactor along the plane AA in 1 , and

3 a schematic longitudinal sectional view of a second embodiment of the invention, and

4 a schematic cross-sectional view through the fluidized bed reactor along the plane BB in 3 ,

1 shows a longitudinal section through a first embodiment of a fluidized bed reactor according to the present invention, a so-called Tauchreformer. The immersion reformer comprises a circular cylindrical common reactor vessel 2 , the one reactor jacket 4 , a floor plate 6 and a cover plate 8th having. The reactor vessel 2 is made of steel. In the lower part of the reactor vessel 2 , in the bottom area is a combustion chamber 10 with a first fluidized bed 12 arranged to generate the heat necessary for the allothermal steam gasification. Via a primary air supply line 14 in the bottom plate 6 of the common reactor vessel 2 Air is used to fluidize the first fluidized bed 12 fed. About a fuel supply 16 fuel gets into the combustion chamber 10 initiated. The flue gas from the combustion chamber 10 is over one in the reactor jacket 4 arranged flue gas outlet 18 dissipated. About the flue gas outlet 18 the exhaust gases from the first fluidized bed 12 the combustion chamber 10 discharged to the outside.

A columnar reformer reactor 20 dives with its lower end into the first fluidized bed 12 one. The reformer reactor 20 comprises a pot-shaped reformer pressure vessel 22 passing through the cover plate 8th is closed. In the bottom area of the reformer pressure vessel 22 is a second fluidized bed 24 formed in which the allothermal steam gasification takes place. From the top through the cover plate 8th guides a feeder 26 in the bottom area of the reformer pressure vessel 22 , By the feeding device 26 Carbonaceous feedstocks can be in the second fluidized bed 24 contribute. The cover plate 8th continue to enforce a product gas line 28 for discharging the in the reformer reactor 20 generated product gas. The columnar reformer reactor 20 dives into the first fluidized bed 12 the combustion chamber 10 a The reformer reactor 20 is thus formed as a fluidized bed heat exchanger and on its outside of the reformer pressure vessel 22 are ribs to improve heat transfer 30 provided, like this 2 can be seen. Additionally or alternatively, these ribs 30 also on the inside of the reformer pressure vessel 22 be arranged.

For cooling the reactor jacket 4 and for preheating the fluidizing agent air, a replaceable insert - not shown - are provided, the subject of German patent application 102008051161.7 is. In this respect, reference is made to this application.

During operation of the fluidized bed reactor after 1 goes in the first fluidized bed 12 in the combustion chamber 10 generated heat through the container wall of the reformer pressure vessel 22 in the second fluidized bed 24 in the reformer reactor 20 above. The heat transfer is thus even more efficient than with heatpipes, since no thermal resistance of the heatpipes has to be overcome. The heat flux density between the combustion chamber 10 and reformer reactor 20 is increased by this. The heat transfer to the reformer reactor 20 is only due to the heat transfer between the first fluidized bed 12 and the container wall of the reformer pressure vessel 22 and the heat transfer between the reformer pressure vessel 22 and the second fluidized bed 24 in the reformer reactor 20 certainly. There are no passages through the reformer pressure vessel 22 are needed for heat pipes, simplifies the design of the reformer reactor 20 ,

3 schematically shows a longitudinal section and 4 a cross-section along the plane BB of a second embodiment of the invention. The immersion reformer according to the second embodiment comprises a parallelepipedic common reactor vessel 40 with four right-angled sidewalls 42 , a cover plate 44 and a bottom section 46 , Immediately above the bottom section 46 is the combustion chamber 10 with the first fluidized bed 12 arranged. About the bottom section 46 Air is used to fluidize the first fluidized bed 12 brought in. In the first fluidized bed 12 dip a plurality of columnar reformer reactor modules 48 with a circular cross-section, the structure of the reformer reactor 20 correspond to the first embodiment. Over a plurality of inlets and outlets 50 that the cover plate 44 enforce are supplied water vapor and carbonaceous feedstocks and product gas from the reformer reactor modules 48 dissipated. The other inlets and outlets for flue gas, fuel, primary air, etc. have been omitted for ease of illustration.

2

common reactor vessel

4

Reactor shell,

6

baseplate

8th

cover plate

10

combustion chamber

12

first fluidized bed

14

Primary air supply line

16

fuel supply

18

Flue gas exhaust

20

Reforming reactor

22

Reformer pressure vessel

24

second fluidized bed

26

feeder for carbonaceous feedstocks

28

Product gas line

30

Ribs on 22

40

common reactor vessel

42

side walls

44

cover plate

46

bottom section

48

Reforming reactor modules

50

To- and derivatives

QUOTES INCLUDE IN THE DESCRIPTION

This list The documents listed by the applicant have been automated generated and is solely for better information recorded by the reader. The list is not part of the German Patent or utility model application. The DPMA takes over no liability for any errors or omissions.

Cited patent literature

• - EP 1187892 B1 [0002, 0003]
• - DE 102008051161 [0018]

Claims (7)

Fluidized bed reactor for producing product gas from carbonaceous feedstocks by allothermic steam gasification, with a combustion chamber ( 10 ) with a first fluidized bed ( 12 ) for generating the heat necessary for allothermal steam gasification, at least one reformer reactor ( 20 ; 48 ) for carrying out the allothermal steam gasification with a second fluidized bed ( 24 ) and a feeder ( 22 ) to the task of gasifying feedstocks, a common reactor vessel ( 2 ; 40 ), in which the at least one reformer reactor ( 20 ; 48 ) and the combustion chamber ( 10 ), and one from the common reactor vessel ( 2 ; 40 ) leading out product gas line ( 28 ; 50 ), characterized in that the at least one reformer reactor ( 20 ; 48 ) with the second fluidized bed ( 24 ) in the combustion chamber ( 10 ) with the first fluidized bed ( 24 ) is immersed. Fluidized bed reactor according to claim 1, characterized in that the at least one reformer reactor ( 20 ; 48 ) is formed as a fluidized bed heat exchanger. Fluidised bed reactor according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that a plurality of reformer reactors ( 48 ) arranged side by side and in the common combustion chamber ( 10 ) are immersed. Fluidized bed reactor according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the outside of the at least one reformer reactor ( 20 ; 48 ) is ribbed. Fluidized bed reactor according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the inside of the at least one reformer reactor ( 20 ; 48 ) is ribbed. Fluidized bed reactor according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the at least one reformer reactor ( 20 ; 48 ) and the common reactor vessel ( 2 ; 40 ) by a common cover ( 8th ) are closable. Fluidized bed reactor according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the at least one reformer reactor ( 20 ; 48 ) as far as the first fluidized bed ( 12 ) of the combustion chamber ( 10 ) is immersed, that the second fluidized bed ( 24 ) completely into the first fluidized bed ( 24 ) is immersed.