DE102009024355A1 - Solar heating system for production, storage and distribution of heat energy for heating e.g. areas in building, has regulation mechanism, and storage circuit connected with return line to bypass medium to heating mechanism - Google Patents

Abstract

The system (1) has a heating circuit (2) containing a heating pump (11) and a heating element (8) and connected with a heating mechanism (4) over a feed line (6) and a return line (7). A solar heat collector (9) is connected with the feed and return lines of the heating circuit over a connection valve. A boiler storage circuit (3) is connected with the return line over a 3-way switch valve (12) to bypass a heat transport medium, led into the return line, to the heating mechanism over the boiler-storage-circuit. A central control- and regulation mechanism (20) controls the heating pump. The central control and regulation mechanism and an electronic circuit are connected by a wireless network i.e. radio network.

Description

The The invention relates to a solar heating system for generating, storing and distribution of heat energy according to the generic term of claim 1.

at known heating systems with a boiler heater and a connected heating circuit for heating the rooms in a building as well an integrated boiler circuit for heating from service water, it is more ecological and more economical View desired, To minimize the operation of the burner in the boiler heater to reduce.

Therefore existing and new heating systems are becoming increasingly popular with plants heat generation expanded from renewable energy, with particular investments with solar collectors. The solar collectors are usually using a specially for the or the collectors installed circuit with an additionally used heat exchangers integrated into the existing heating system.

in this connection The problem arises that the integration of the heat exchanger in the existing heating circuit only a few, easily accessible places possible is because additional Cables for connection the solar collectors must be laid. This is usually difficult to perform and for structural reasons not always possible.

One Another problem that arises in the known solar heating systems results, is that when using a heat exchanger always heat transfer losses occur and the warming the medium downstream of a heat exchanger thereby only with a time delay, whereby the System thermally inert is reacting poorly to short-term quick changes.

Accordingly, it is An object of the present invention is a solar heating system to create which cost and without great structural activities integrated into existing heating systems and at any time as needed can be extended. Another object of the invention is to provide Efficiency of such a solar heating system to further increase and to shorten the response time of the system.

These The object is achieved by a Solar heating system with the features of claim 1 solved.

According to the invention includes a solar heating system for generating, storing and Distribution of heat energy a heating device designed in particular as a boiler heater is, and the z. As an oil burner or one with the public District heating pipe network connected heat exchanger has, which acts on a boiler with heat energy. At the heater is connected to a heating circuit, which is a Heating pump, z. B. contains a known feed pump and a radiator, which with the heater over a flow line and a return line connectable is.

The Heating system according to the invention comprises continue a boiler storage circuit, a water heater and contains a boiler loading pump, the one in the boiler storage circuit run Heat transport medium, z. As water, which may be mixed with an antifreeze, promotes through the boiler storage circuit.

The Heating system also has a central control and regulation device on, which with at least one temperature measuring device as well the heating pump, the boiler loading pump and / or the heating device connected is. The central control and regulation device detects temperature measured values of the temperature measuring device, evaluates these and controls the heating pump, the boiler charging pump and / or the heating device as a function of the temperature measured values and one or more temperature default values according to a predetermined control model, which preferably changeable is.

Farther the solar heating system comprises at least one solar collector, the with the pros and Return line of the heating circuit a actuatable by the central control and regulating device Connected connection valve, so that when the valve is open in more advantageous Way the guided in the heating circuit Heat transport medium for absorbing heat energy from the flow line over the solar collector in the return line flow can. The boiler storage circuit is with the return line of the heating circuit a 3-way diverter valve connectable to one in the return line run Heat transport medium over the Divert boiler storage circuit to the heater. Furthermore is an additional Buffer provided to the boiler storage circuit via a another, preferably electrically operated 3-way switching valve connectable is, and the excess, from Solar collector provided and through the heat transport medium on the Return line transported heat energy absorbs and releases again if necessary.

The solar heating system according to the invention has the advantage that by opening or closing the port valve in the solar collector obtained additional heat energy can be introduced via an existing return line in a building in the boiler storage circuit. Here it is available either for heating domestic hot water in a water heater for the current hot water demand or - if the hot water tank is already loaded with the maximum amount of heat energy - for storage in one or more cheap buffers, from which they at a later date, if necessary little effort can be removed again, without the need for a complex control is required.

This allows advantageously in winter the operation of the heating system complete with two separate water circuits, so as needed the heating circuit and the boiler storage circuit independently can be operated from each other. In summer, however, it is possible to the solar collector with the hot water tank and the buffer tank to connect fluidly to a closed circuit.

By the use of the solar heating system according to the invention let the extra won by the solar collector Thermal energy advantageously for heating the building or for generating hot Use of process water and the use of fossil fuels as far as possible to reduce.

the Solar collector is preferably associated with a heat meter, with a spatially separated from the central control and regulation device electronic circuit for transmission connected by measuring and / or control signals.

This allows it, the temperature parameters of the heat transfer medium directly at the solar collector and after their evaluation by the central control and regulation device the connection valve to control the solar collector in a timely manner, thereby reducing the reaction times of the Shorten the system in an advantageous manner.

there It is a particular advantage if the central management and control device and the electronic circuit via a wireless Network, in particular a radio network or via a wired network, such as an Ethernet or a powerline network for Data exchange are interconnected, since in this case a complex Relocation of additional electrical lines to the respective electronic components can be omitted. The leads especially when retrofitting the Solar heating system according to the invention in a multi-storey building to a significant cost reduction, since the one or more solar collectors usually mounted on the roof of the building, the heating device however, more common Way in the basement of the building is housed.

Provided for the Data exchange between the central control and regulation device and the electronic circuit is a wired network used arrived, opened in particular by the inventive use of a powerline network the possibility, for data exchange on power lines already laid in the building back to be able to grab whereby the costs can be lowered again.

Farther It may be provided that at least the central control and control device for data exchange via a connected IP network connected to the internet. This will be the opportunity created that the central control and regulation device, for example the current weather data of the coming days prefers automatically over an on-line weather service based on which then charging one or more Buffer memory, or the switching on and off of the heater as well as the loading of the hot water tank takes place. Here can through the use of a suitable control software in the central Control and regulation device to the respective needs Thermal energy adapted operating model for a building according to its specifications, an optimal operation of the Solar heating system according to the invention allows becomes.

By the use of appropriate control software, the preferred one provided by the central control and regulation device Web-based user interface owns, opened Furthermore, the possibility that when loading the hot water tank or the buffer tank z. B. a longer Absence of a resident of the building can be.

Farther is the use of the aforementioned web-based interface the Possibility that over the surface Statistics and system parameters of the system from the outside queried and possibly changed can be especially to carry out a remote maintenance of the system.

In the preferred embodiment of the invention, for measuring the temperature of the heat transfer medium in the boiler storage circuit preferably a temperature sensor is used, which is located in the return line of the boiler storage circuit, and the flow downstream of the buffer memory. As a temperature sensor in this case a plant sensor is preferably used, which is arranged for example directly on the outer wall of the existing preferably made of copper return line from the buffer memory.

By the use of a conditioning sensor This results in a simple and inexpensive way to control the temperature of the to the heater flowing back heat transfer medium to measure and that of the electronic control and regulation device to disposal in this case, based solely on the investment sensor current temperature value, the 3-way switching valve and the heater and preferably also a valve associated with the buffer memory controls, over which is the flow rate of the heat transport medium is released or interrupted by the buffer memory.

According to the preferred Embodiment of In the invention, the buffer tank comprises a tank or tank made of a temperature resistant Plastic, in particular made of polyurethane, and the on the outside with a thermal insulation material such. B. Styrofoam or a similar one Hard foam material is sheathed. In the container or tank is preferably Water or another for heat storage suitable liquid or a heat transfer materials such as B. wax with latent heat storage properties contain. By using comparatively stable though nevertheless lightweight plastic for the containers or tanks of heat storage This results in the advantage that the container of the buffer storage cost in Form of available on the market Tanks can be obtained which are easy to transport and empty in the deflated state If too compact and space-saving one above the other, nebeneinadner and / or stacked or set up.

To Another idea underlying the invention is in Inside the buffer tank, or inside the tank with liquid filled container a heat exchanger arranged, which preferably comprises a copper tube spiral, which has a corresponding, by the electronic control and regulating device actuatable on-off valve to the inlet or return line the cache can be connected is. This has the advantage that the heat transport medium, in a closed circuit from the heater through the flow line, the solar collector, the return line, the 3-way diverter valve the hot water tank and the other 3-way switching valve in the heat exchanger of the buffer and from this back to the heater circulate can.

By the use of a previously mentioned closed Circulation can for the Heat transport medium and the heat storage medium different liquids be used, thereby increasing the efficiency of heat transfer increase within the system and the cost of manufacturing and operation lower. So there is z. B. the possibility as a heat transport medium To use water, the z. B. with a share of up to 20 wt .-% with antifreeze, z. B. with radiator antifreeze, such as it is used in motor vehicles, can be offset, on the one hand a freezing of the water in the solar collector in frost prevent and at the same time the boiling point of the same - and thereby the efficiency of heat transport - to increase. In contrast, can in the container the buffer only normal low-cost tap water used be, which z. B. to avoid overheating of the system and damage of the solar collector in the case of very strong and long solar radiation, if necessary via a corresponding cold water inlet valve mixed with cool tap water and over an optional safety valve derived in the public sewer system can be when the temperature in the tank of the buffer one predetermined value of z. B. exceeds 90 ° C.

By the use of a heat transfer medium, which contains a certain amount of antifreeze results opposite existing systems have the advantage that the solar collector directly to the supply and return line Can also be connected to the one or more radiators, the in winter for heating the building be used, connected, so that extra Lines to the solar collector, which in existing buildings in usually run from the basement to the roof, can be omitted. One Another advantage is the fact that the entire solar heating system according to the invention across from a system in which the solar collector couples its heat energy through a heat exchanger, due of the closed circuit and the resulting reduced thermal inertia easier to control.

In this case, it is a particular advantage if an opening is provided at the upper end of the water-filled tank or container of the buffer memory, through which the resulting pressure changes during heating and cooling of the water in the buffer memory pressure changes are derived, so that the buffer memory in a pressureless Condition is operated and a surge tank can be omitted. Due to the unpressurized operation, the seals and valves used on the reservoir of the buffer storage can also be made more cost-effective, since they are not operated with overpressure. The tanks or containers are only so far filled in the height that the change in volume of the water can take place by heating or cooling in the tank. For example, the tank is only 90% filled with cold water, so the tank is then filled to 98% with an expansion of the heated to maximum temperature water by 8%. Thereby advantageously no water comes out, and the pressure equalization takes place in a simple manner via the simple opening at the top of the container.

To a further embodiment the solar heating system according to the invention, which has a very high overall efficiency, contains the buffer memory a first and a second heat exchanger, wherein the first heat exchanger on the inlet side to the inlet line of the buffer tank and on the outlet side connected to a leading from the buffer memory to the heater return line is. The second heat exchanger is in contrast on the inlet side to a cold water connection of the public network connected, over which in a known manner drinking water at a temperature of z. B. 12 ° C is provided, and on the outlet side via a corresponding supply line connected to the inlet of the hot water tank.

there is the flow rate the heating pump in an advantageous manner by the central control and control device controllable, z. B. by changing the Pump speed, and the temperature of the heat transfer medium in the Return line becomes dependent from the signals of the temperature sensor of the heat meter or another temperature sensor at the outlet of the solar collector or in the return line from the solar collector to a preset temperature setpoint of z. B. 80 ° C regulated. This results in the advantage that the the process water storage supplied cool fresh water in the buffer memory with a minimum device and control effort always preheated by the heat transfer medium heated by the solar collector, so the extra provided Thermal energy be used sensibly even with low solar radiation can.

to further increase the efficiency of the solar heating system according to the invention It may further be provided that one or more further Buffer storage, each with a further first heat exchanger and a second heat exchanger are provided, wherein the first heat exchangers connected in series with each other in terms of flow are and flows through successively heated by the solar collector heat transfer medium whose temperature when leaving the solar collector in the manner described above, preferably to a predetermined desired value from Z. B. 80 ° C is regulated. The second heat exchangers are also fluidly like that connected in series and arranged to the first heat exchangers that that initially For example, only about 14C ° cool fresh water the second heat exchangers opposite to the heat transport medium flows through this successively to a temperature of z. B. preheat 60 ° C or more. Different expressed is by storing the heat in pressureless containers, each with two heat exchangers equipped, which are operated according to the countercurrent principle, the stored energy even at low temperatures of storage media by preheating the z. B. about 12 ° C. up to 14 ° C cold chilled water used before the supply to the hot water tank. Thereby elevated The efficiency of the system advantageously quite considerably.

One another advantage that results in this embodiment of the invention, can be seen in the fact that the direct connection of the buffer memory to the boiler storage circuit and the associated omission of another 3-way diverter valve as well as the valves in the buffer storage with respect to the embodiment described above reduce the invention again the device and control effort leaves. moreover let yourself the temperature at the outlet of the solar collector due to the comparatively small amount of water of only 0.5 l to 1 l in the supply line of the heating pump to the solar collector as well as in the solar collector itself, very fast and accurate regulate.

By the preferred use of heat exchanger coils with a great Diameter of z. B. 50 mm in the hot water tank and heat exchanger coils with one in contrast reduced diameter of z. B. only 15 mm in the buffer tanks is in the hot water tank advantageously a higher heat energy output as ensured in the buffer memories. This results in particularly advantageously a high energy yield during the transition of heat energy from the heat transport medium on the service water during the entire warm - up of the Hot water, both in the hot water tank and in the buffer tanks.

According to another idea underlying the invention, the container of the buffer storage consists of a foamed plastic provided with a reinforcement. This opens up the possibility advantageously to produce the required container of the buffer storage cost in the spray or casting process in the desired shape and with the desired dimensions to measure. This is, by the introduction of a reinforcement, z. As a metal mesh, and the up spraying the plastic material, the necessary stability and strength of the container as well as the thermal insulation effect obtained in a single operation, wherein in the interior of the container, if necessary, a water-impermeable film can be inserted before spraying the plastic foam material. By spraying plastic foam material, for. As PU foam, the insulation effect against subsequently insulated walls of solid material is increased and achieved a particularly high adiabatic mode of action of the buffer memory with reduced manufacturing costs. Preferably, the tank can be made without reinforcement.

The The invention will be described below with reference to the drawings of preferred embodiments described.

In show the drawings:

1 a schematic representation of the solar heating system according to the invention,

2 a schematic representation of the operating state of the solar heating system according to the invention in normal operation in winter,

3 a schematic representation of the operating state of the solar heating system according to the invention in normal operation in summer,

4 a schematic representation of the operating state of the solar heating system according to the invention in the buffer storage charging operation in summer,

5 a schematic representation of the operating state of the solar heating system according to the invention in the buffer storage discharge operation in summer, and

6 a schematic representation of another embodiment of the solar heating system according to the invention.

As in the 1 to 5 is shown comprises a solar heating system according to the invention 1 for generating, storing and distributing heat energy, a heater 4 which is preferred as boiler heating with a boiler 5 which is configured by a burner 5a is applied with heat energy.

To the heater 4 is a heating circuit 2 connected to a supply line 6 with a heating pump contained therein 11 and a return line 7 comprises, to which in a known manner at least one radiator 8th is connected to heat the rooms of a building not shown in a known manner.

Like the presentation of 1 can be taken, is to the flow line 6 and the return line 7 a thermal solar collector 9 connected via a connection valve 23 in the supply line 6 in the manner described in more detail below with the heating circuit 2 can be connected.

In the return line 7 is still a 3-way diverter valve 12 arranged over which the return of the heating circuit 2 guided heat transfer medium to the boiler 5 the heater 4 optionally via a boiler storage circuit 3 can be done. The 3-way diverter valve 12 is preferably operable by hand to the solar heating system according to the invention 1 to switch from summer mode to winter mode.

In the boiler storage circuit 3 are as shown by 1 preferably two or more domestic hot water storage tanks connected in series 14 arranged, which contain schematically indicated heat exchanger, which are flowed through by the heat transfer medium and in the hot water tanks 14 Incorporate domestic hot water, which the hot water tanks 14 via a cold water inlet 16 supplied and in the form of hot water via a hot water drain 15 is removed.

The boiler storage circuit 3 also contains one from the boiler 5 to the inlet of the hot water tank 14 leading supply line 28 holding a boiler loading pump 13 contains, which the heat transport medium with closed 3-way switching valve 12 through the water heater 14 through another 3-way diverter valve 17 and another return line 29 back to the kettle 5 promotes. At the return line 29 is as shown by 1 arranged a temperature sensor in the form of an investment sensor T ₁ , the temperature of the heat transfer medium in the other, to the boiler 5 leading return line 29 detected.

As the representation of 1 to 5 can be further removed, the solar heating system according to the invention comprises 1 furthermore at least one, but preferably several buffer memories 18 , which are placed, for example, in the basement of a building and each one a container 18a that with a heat storage medium 19 , Preferably water, is filled and is upwardly connected via an unspecified opening with the environment for pressure equalization in flow communication.

In the container 18a the cache 18 is ever because a heat exchanger 24 arranged, in particular, comprises a known pipe spiral of copper or other good heat conducting material, in the heat storage medium 19 in the container 18a dips.

The heat exchanger 24 of each buffer 18 is on the inlet side via an electrically actuated connection valve 25 with a common supply line 26 connectable via the other 3-way switching valve 17 with the drain of the hot water tank 14 can be connected to the from the hot water tanks 14 exiting heat transfer medium in the heat exchanger 24 the cache 18 redirect.

The output of the heat exchanger 24 of each buffer 18 is with a common return line 27 connected, preferably directly to the further return line 29 of the boiler storage circuit 3 connected, so that from the heat exchangers 24 exiting heat transfer medium at a corresponding position of the other 3-way diverter valve 17 over the further return line 29 to the kettle 5 the heater 4 is promoted back.

Like the presentation of 1 can be further removed, in addition to the temperature sensor T ₁ on the further return line 29 additionally temperature sensors T ₂ and T ₃ on the hot water drain 15 and cold water inlet 16 the hot water tank 14 and temperature sensors T ₄ and T ₅ for measuring the temperature of the heat storage medium 19 in the containers 18a the cache 18 arranged, each having the appropriate temperature in the aforementioned components of the solar heating system according to the invention 1 capture and corresponding temperature readings to a central control and regulation device 20 transmit, over other in the figures for illustrative reasons not shown in detail lines or over the radio with the heating pump 11 , the boiler loading pump 13 , the other switching valve 17 as well as the connection valves 25a . 25b in common feed 26 the heat exchanger 24 the cache 18 and the electrical connection valve 23 for connecting the solar collector 9 with the heating circuit 2 is in communication to open or close the valves according to the detected temperature readings. For this purpose, the central control and regulating device 20 the required connections (T _i , V _i , P _i ), and also a connection (LAN) for an IP-based network, not shown in detail, as shown schematically in the illustration of 1 is indicated.

The solar heating system according to the invention 1 further comprises an electronic circuit 21 that with a heat meter 22 , a temperature sensor T ₆ in the return line 7 and the electrical connection valve 23 in the supply line 6 connected is. The electronic circuit 21 detects on the one hand the measured values of the temperature sensor T ₆ and the heat quantity counter 22 and sends them to the central control and regulation device 20 and on the other hand receives the position calculated by the electronic control and regulation device signals for the electrical connection valve 23 to open this and thereby the solar collector 9 with the heating circuit 2 to connect or close this and the solar collector 9 from the heating circuit 2 to separate. The data transfer from the electronic circuit 21 to the central control and regulation device 20 takes place at the 1 shown preferred embodiment of the solar heating system according to the invention 1 by radio; However, it can also be done via a not shown in detail other IP-based wired network. For simple structural conditions, eg. B. short distances, the wiring can also be done conventionally. As a result, an electronic component is additionally saved.

In 2 is the solar heating system according to the invention 1 shown in winter operation with two completely separate water circuits, in which the heating circuit 2 and the boiler storage circuit 3 depending on the need for thermal energy can be operated independently. For this purpose, there is the 3-way diverter valve 12 in the in 2 shown position in which the direct connection line of the heating circuit 2 from the 3-way diverter valve 12 to the kettle 5 is not traversed by the heat transfer medium, but the flow of heat transfer medium through the boiler storage circuit 3 is redirected.

Furthermore, the representation of 2 to see that the electronic circuit 21 the connection valve 23 of the solar collector 9 in winter operation closes and thereby the flow of the heat transfer medium through the solar collector 9 prevented in order to avoid that it receives at a low solar radiation and low ambient temperatures adversely heat energy from the heat transfer medium, which previously by the heater 4 was introduced into the heat transport medium.

In this designated as "winter operation" works council of the solar heating system according to the invention 1 controls the central control and regulation device 20 at the same time the further 3-way diverter valve 17 in the way that this is closed and also the cache 18 is not flowed through by the heat transfer medium. There that's what's going on in the kettle 5 through the burner 5a heated heat transport medium as needed, either for heating the rooms of the building with the heating pump 11 through the heating circuit 2 pumped so the heat energy through the radiator 8th to the room air, or from the boiler loading pump 13 for heating the service water the hot water tanks 14 through the boiler storage circuit 3 promoted to deliver there the heat energy to the process water.

In those in which 3 to 5 shown modes of the solar heating system according to the invention 1 for the summer operation, the solar collector 9 by preferably manually flipping the 3-way switching valve 12 in the appropriate position with the hot water tank 14 as well as depending on the position of the other 3-way diverter valve 17 via the common supply line 26 with the cache 18 connected. Here is the to the flow line 6 and the return line 7 of the heating circuit 2 connected radiators 8th at higher outdoor temperatures via a not-shown known radiator thermostatic valves from the heating circuit 2 separated and thus not flowed through by the heated in the solar collector heat transfer medium.

Like the presentation of 3 , the normal operation of the inventive solar heating system according to the invention 1 shows in summer, this can be seen in detail, is charged with buffer memory 18 or if there is a need for additional heat energy in the hot water tank 14 the other 3-way diverter valve 17 through the electronic control and regulation device 20 converted and the flow of the heat transfer medium through the buffer memory 18 interrupted. In the circuit thus connected, the heat transport medium is accordingly through the heating pump 11 from the boiler 5 the heater 4 via the supply line 6 to the solar collector 9 from where it flows via the return line 7 , the 3-way diverter valve 12 , the water heater 14 and the downstream another 3-way switching valve 17 as well as the further return line 29 back to the kettle 5 the heater 4 flows while his in the solar collector 9 absorbed heat energy in the hot water tank 14 emits.

If in the above described mode of operation of the solar collector 9 amount of heat extracted from the hot water tank 14 taken amount of heat exceeds and the hot water tank 14 has reached its maximum temperature, what of the electronic control and regulation device 20 is detected by the temperature sensor T ₁ , this switches the other 3-way switching valve 17 in the in 4 shown position, which in the in 4 shown operating mode "buffer storage charging mode" is changed. In this mode, the buffer memory 18 fluidly into the boiler storage circuit 3 integrated and the heat transfer medium after flowing through the hot water tank 14 via the common supply line 26 and in this case from the electronic control and regulation device 20 opened electrical connection valve 25a in the heat exchanger 24 of the first buffer memory 18 initiated, in which the thermal energy contained in the heat storage medium to that in the buffer memory 18 contained heat storage medium 19 is delivered. Here is the electrical connection valve 25b of the second buffer memory is closed and is only opened when detected by the temperature sensor T ₄ temperature of the heat storage medium 19 in the first buffer a predetermined maximum temperature value of z. B. exceeds 80 ° C.

As soon as this maximum temperature value is reached, the electrical connection valve becomes 25a of the first buffer memory 18 closed and the electrical connection valve 25b of the second, thermally parallel to the first buffer memory to the lines 26 and 27 connected buffer memory 18 open to this in the manner described above with also heat energy from the solar collector 9 to load.

Although the second and possibly further, not shown in the drawings buffer memory by successive opening and closing of the associated electronic connection valves 25 each successively completely loaded with energy, it may be provided that the electronic control and regulating device 20 a the radiator 8th associated, not shown in detail thermostatic valve opens to the solar collector 9 furthermore introduced heat energy to avoid overheating of the buffer memory 18 and the solar collector 8th over the radiator 8th radiate.

In the event that when loading the buffer memory due to a decrease in sunlight and increased removal of hot tap water from the hot water tanks 14 the from the solar collector 9 supplied heat energy is less than the required heat energy, which is the electronic control and regulation device 20 is detected by a drop in the temperature detected by the temperature sensor T ₆ , this switches the other 3-way switching valve 17 in the in 3 shown position back, causing the buffer memory 18 from the heating circuit 2 be decoupled and the heat energy is stored as long as possible in this.

Only when the temperature in the hot water tanks 14 a predetermined minimum temperature which is below that of the electronic control and regulation device 20 is detected via the temperature sensor T ₂ , this switches the other 3-way switching valve 17 in the in 5 shown position, closes the port valve 23 of the solar collector 9 and opens from the buffer memory 18 with the lowest temperature gradually the connection valves 25b and 25a to the solar heating system according to the invention 1 in the operating state "buffer storage Endladebetrieb" as described in 5 is shown. In this operating condition, the burner 5a and the heating pump 11 from the electronic control and regulation device 20 switched off and therefore no heat transport medium through the flow line 6 and the return line 7 of the heating circuit 2 promoted. In this case, the transport of the heat transfer medium takes place exclusively by the boiler loading pump in this mode 13 inside the boiler storage circuit 3 with the over the other 3-way switching valve 17 added buffers 18 ,

For this purpose, the boiler loading pump pumps 13 the heat transport medium from one of the buffer memory 18 via the common drainage line 27 and the further return line 29 to the kettle 5 the heater 4 and from there via the further supply line 28 to the hot water tank 14 , From there, the heat transfer medium flows through the further 3-way diverter valve 17 for renewed absorption of heat energy from the heat storage medium 19 of the buffer memory 18 through the common supply line 26 in the heat exchanger 24 the cache.

This operating state, referred to as "buffer discharge operation", is provided by the electronic control and regulation device 20 maintained until the heat storage medium 19 in the buffer tanks 18 over the heat exchanger 24 no more heat energy to the heat transport medium. This is done by the central control and regulation device 20 by a comparison of the temperature of the heat transfer medium determined by the temperature sensor T ₁ in the further return line 29 with a predetermined temperature setpoint of z. B. detected 60 ° C, which falls below the setpoint, the other 3-way switching valve 17 in the in 3 Switched shown position. If in this case, a further need for heat energy to heat the service water in the water heaters 14 is the burner 5 from the central control and regulation device 20 or a burner control in a known manner automatically turned on until the hot water in the hot water tanks 14 has reached the desired hot water temperature.

According to a further embodiment of the invention, which in 6 is shown, the solar heating system according to the invention has a plurality of buffer memory 118a -C with two spiral heat exchangers each 124a -C and 125a -C on, of which the heat exchangers of the boiler storage circuit 124a -C and the heat exchangers of the service water pipe 125a C are each connected in series with each other in terms of flow. Here is the heat exchanger of the boiler storage circuit 124a in the buffer memory 118a inlet side with the supply line 126 the buffer tank, the heat exchanger 124c of the boiler storage circuit 3 in the buffer memory 118c drain side with the further return line 29 , and the heat exchanger 125c the service water pipe in the buffer tank 118c inlet side with the cold water connection 116 connected. The heat exchanger 125a the service water pipe in the buffer tank 118a is still on the drain side via the service water pipe 127 with the domestic water supply 16 of the hot water tank 14 connected.

The buffers 118a -C are from the to the heater 4 returning heat transport medium and the to the hot water tank 14 flowing hot water preferably flows in opposite directions, as indicated by the arrows in 6 is indicated.

For this purpose pumps the heating pump with sufficient solar radiation 11 the heat transfer medium from the boiler 5 the heater 4 via the supply line 6 to the solar collector 9 by being adjusted by the solar energy to a preset target temperature of z. B. 80 ° C is heated. The temperature is measured by the temperature sensor T ₆ . From there, the heated heat transport medium flows through the return line 7 via the 3-way diverter valve 12 to the hot water tank 14 in which the heat transfer medium emits heat energy to the process water via the heat exchanger coil in the process water storage tank, in order to heat it to a temperature of, for example, 70 ° C. The thus slightly cooled heat transfer medium flows thereafter through the supply line 126 the buffer tank and through the heat exchanger 124a of the boiler storage circuit in the buffer tank 118a in which the heat transport medium supplies a further part of the heat energy contained to the heat storage medium 19 in the buffer memory 118a gives off and this heated to, for example, 60 ° C. Subsequently, the heat transport medium flows through the heat exchanger in succession 124b and 124c in which the heat transfer medium again stepwise heat energy is withdrawn, causing the heat storage medium 19 in the buffer memory 118b for example, 40 ° C, and the heat storage medium 19 in the buffer memory 118c warm up to, for example, 20 ° C. The in the previously be the way described cooled heat transfer medium then passes through the further return line 29 back to the kettle 5 the heater 4 ,

Here, the capacity of the heating pump 11 in the supply line 6 of the heating circuit 2 from the central control and regulation device 20 According to the invention controlled in such a way that the detected by the temperature sensor T ₆ actual temperature of the heat transfer medium when leaving the solar collector 9 essentially a predetermined desired temperature of z. B. 80 ° C, to ensure that the heat transfer medium has absorbed enough heat energy to the service water in the hot water tank 14 to heat to the required temperature, for example, 70 ° C.

Furthermore, the z. B. only 14 ° C cold fresh water from the cold water connection 116 through the heat exchanger 125c the service water pipe, in which the fresh water by the absorption of heat energy substantially to the temperature of the heat storage medium 19 in the buffer memory 118c warms up. Following this, the preheated fresh water flows through the heat exchanger 125b the service water pipe, there again take up heat energy. Thereafter, the now heated to 40 ° C, for example, hot water flows through the heat exchanger 125a the service water pipe in the buffer tank 118a in which it is at a temperature of z. B. 60 ° C is heated. From there, the now heated to about 60 ° C hot water continues on the line 127 to the domestic water intake 16 of the hot water tank 14 directed. In the water heater 14 the preheated in the manner described above, fresh water is still heated up to the target temperature in the water heater, which may be, for example, 70 ° C, after which the fresh water then ready for removal as process water.

In the event that not enough solar energy for heating the heat transfer medium in the solar collector 9 is available, switches the central control and regulation device 20 the heating pump 11 from. In this case, the heating of the heat transfer medium takes place in the boiler 5 only through the burner 5a the heater 4 , including the heated heat transfer medium through the boiler charging pump 13 from the boiler 5 via the additional supply line 28 to the hot water tank 14 is encouraged. It may be provided that the temperature of the heat transfer medium in the further supply line 28 is measured by a further temperature investment sensor T ₇ , the burning power of the burner 5a and / or the delivery rate of the boiler loading pump 13 to regulate in a similar manner.

To the risk of backflow of the boiler charging pump 13 promoted heat transport medium in the return line 7 To prevent it, it can according to the representation of 6 also proceed, downstream of the 3-way diverter valve 12 in that of this to the service water store 14 leading, unspecified supply line a check valve 30 to arrange which z. B. can be configured as a spring-loaded check valve or as a simple check valve.

1

Solar heating system

2

heating circuit

3

Boiler memory circuit

4

heater

5

boiler

5a

burner

6

supply line

7

Return line

8th

radiator

9

solar collector

10

top, roof

11

heat pump

12

3-way diverter valve

13

Boiler charging pump

14

Hot water heater

15

Hot water outlet

16

Water supply

17

additional 3-way diverter valve

18

buffer memory

18a

Container of buffer memory

19

Heat storage medium

20

central Control and regulation device

21

electronic circuit

22

Heat meters

23

connection valve of the solar collector

24

heat exchangers

25a

electrical connection valve

25b

electrical connection valve

26

common supply line

27

common drain line

28

Further supply line

29

Further Return line

30

check valve

116

Cold water supply

118a

first buffer memory

118b

second buffer memory

118c

third buffer memory

124a

heat exchangers of the boiler storage circuit

124b

heat exchangers of the boiler storage circuit

124c

heat exchangers of the boiler storage circuit

125a

heat exchangers the service water pipe

125b

heat exchangers the service water pipe

125c

heat exchangers the service water pipe

126

supply line the cache

127

Water pipe

T ₁

Temperature sensor system

T ₂

temperature sensor

T ₃

temperature sensor

T ₄

temperature sensor

T ₅

temperature sensor

T ₆

temperature sensor the heat quantity meter

T ₇

Another Temperature sensor system

T _i

signal input for the Connection of the temperature sensors

V _i

signal output for the Connection of the valves

P _i

signal output for the Connection of the pumps

LAN

Networking

Claims (16)

Solar heating system ( 1 ) for the generation, storage and distribution of heat energy, with a heating device ( 4 ), in particular a boiler heating, a heating pump ( 11 ) and a radiator ( 8th ) containing heating circuit ( 2 ), which with the heating device ( 4 ) via a feed line ( 6 ) and a return line ( 7 ) is connectable to a boiler storage circuit ( 3 ), which has a water storage tank ( 14 ) and a boiler loading pump ( 13 ) for conveying a in the boiler storage circuit ( 3 ) guided heat transport medium, as well as with a central control and regulation device ( 20 ), which the heating pump ( 11 ), the boiler loading pump ( 13 ) and / or the heating device ( 4 ), characterized in that the solar heating system comprises at least one solar collector ( 9 ), which is connected to the supply and return line ( 6 . 7 ) of the heating circuit ( 2 ) via an actuatable by the central control and regulation device connection valve ( 23 ) and that the boiler storage circuit ( 3 ) with the return line ( 7 ) via a 3-way switching valve ( 12 ) is connectable to one in the return line ( 7 ) guided heat transport medium via the boiler storage circuit ( 3 ) to the heater ( 4 ) redirect. Solar heating system according to claim 3, characterized in that the central control and regulating device ( 20 ) and the electronic circuit ( 21 ) are connected to each other via a wireless network, in particular a radio network, or via a wired network, in particular an Ethernet or a powerline network. Solar heating system according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the central control and regulating device ( 20 ) is connected to the Internet via an IP network for data exchange. Solar heating system according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that in the heating device ( 5 ) leading return line ( 29 ) of the boiler storage circuit ( 3 ), a temperature measuring device (T ₁ ) is provided, preferably an investment sensor, which with the central control and regulating device ( 20 ) is connected to transmit temperature readings. Solar heating system according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the solar collector ( 9 ) a heat meter ( 22 ) associated with one of the central control and regulation devices ( 20 ) spatially separated electronic circuit ( 21 ) is connected to the transmission of measurement and / or control signals. Solar heating system according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the heat transport medium in the heating circuit ( 2 ) and the boiler storage circuit ( 3 ) contains an antifreeze. Solar heating system according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that an additional buffer memory ( 18 ; 118 ) provided to the boiler storage circuit ( 3 ) for storing the solar collector ( 9 ) can be connected via the heat transport medium provided heat energy. Solar heating system according to claim 7, characterized in that the containers ( 18a ) of the buffer memory ( 18 ) or the tanks of the buffer tanks ( 118a . 118b . 118c ) consist of a provided with a reinforcement foamed plastic. Solar heating system according to claim 8, characterized in that the buffer memory ( 18 ; 118 ) comprises a water-filled plastic container, in particular made of polyurethane, comprising a heat exchanger ( 24 ; 124 ) for receiving and releasing heat energy from the water of the buffer memory fluidly with the boiler storage circuit ( 3 ) is connectable. Solar heating system according to claim 9, characterized in that the heat exchanger ( 24 ; 124 ) comprises a spiral, which from above into the vessel of the buffer memory ( 18 ; 118 immersed), wherein the interior of the vessel with ambient pressure is charged. Solar heating system according to one of claims 7 to 10, characterized in that the vessel of the buffer memory ( 18 ; 118 ) is provided on the outside with an insulating material. Solar heating system according to one of claims 7 to 11, characterized in that the vessel of the buffer memory ( 18 ; 118 ) in the region of the upper end has an opening through which a in the buffer memory ( 18 ; 118 ) is derived in the absorption and release of heat energy resulting overpressure. Solar heating system according to one of claims 7 to 12, characterized in that the buffer memory ( 18 ) to the boiler storage circuit ( 3 ) via another 3-way switching valve ( 17 ) connected. Solar heating system according to one of claims 7 to 12, characterized in that the buffer memory ( 118a ) a first heat exchanger ( 124a ) and a second heat exchanger ( 125a ), wherein the first heat exchanger ( 124a ) on the inlet side to the supply line ( 126 ) of the buffer memory ( 118a ) and on the drain side to one of the buffer memory to the heater ( 4 ) leading return line ( 29 ), and wherein the second heat exchanger ( 125a ) on the inlet side to a cold water connection ( 116 ) and on the drain side via a service water pipe ( 127 ) with the domestic water feed ( 16 ) of the hot water tank ( 14 ) connected is. Solar heating system according to claim 14, characterized in that the flow rate of the heating pump ( 11 ) by the central control and regulation device ( 20 ) is controllable, such that the temperature of the heat transport medium in the return line ( 7 ) has a predetermined temperature setpoint, in particular in the range of 80 ° C. Solar heating system according to claim 14 or 15, characterized in that further buffer memory ( 118b . 118c ) each with a further first heat exchanger ( 124b . 124c ) and a second heat exchanger ( 125b . 125c ) are provided, wherein the first heat exchanger ( 124a . 124b . 124c ) and the second heat exchangers ( 125a . 125b . 125c ) are connected in series in such a manner that the first heat exchangers ( 124 ) successively from the heater ( 4 ) conveyed back heat transport medium and the second heat exchanger ( 125 ) of which the hot water tank ( 14 ) supplied with counter-current.