DE102009021263A1 - Rolling bearing with a magnetic device - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a rolling bearing with rolling elements (4, 5) which are movable between two bearing elements (16, 17, 19, 20, 30, 31), in particular bearing rings or bearing rails, and with a magnetic device, the at least one on a Supported magnetic flux conducting device (1, 2, 33), which has at least one in the region of the trajectory of the rolling elements ending pole piece (6, 7, 8, 9, 33, 34), wherein at least one rolling element magnetically active, in particular magnetically conductive formed and wherein the magnetic flux guide comprises an electrical winding (12, 13, 14, 15, 36) for inductive voltage generation. In the course of the movement of the bearing, the rolling elements open and close a magnetic circuit, whereby a usable voltage is induced in the windings provided.

Description

Field of the invention

The Invention is in the field of mechanical engineering and electrical engineering. It deals specifically with measuring equipment and electrical Generators that are structurally related to rolling bearings can be constructed and save space the construction of Sensor devices, generators or electric motors in conjunction with warehouses allow.

roller bearing are preferably installed in the art where the guide a movement, both a rotational and a translational Movement at medium to high loads possible low-friction, durable and low-wear construction should.

When Rolling elements are balls, cones, rollers, Spindles, needles or tons or similar bodies in question, which have rotationally symmetric cross sections and between two bearing elements such as two bearing rings can roll.

Such bearings are often associated with a sensor for monitoring, which allows speed measurements and also allows the detection of irregularities in the movement of the bearing, which can be made aware of bearing damage early on. Such a device is for example from the WO 2008/014766 A1 known. There magnetic components communicate on a bearing cap with those which are moved with a rotating bearing part, whereby a voltage is induced, which is used for the operation of a sensor as a useful voltage. It is a generator integrated in the bearing parts.

From the EP 0402240 A1 is in connection with a rolling bearing, the construction of an electric motor with distributed on the bearing rings stator and rotor known.

From the EP 0397309 a sensor ring is known, which simultaneously forms the inner ring of a radial bearing.

The three aforementioned solutions of the prior art common to each, parts attached to a bearing ring are, with other components, on the other bearing ring are fixed, interact, generating usable signals become.

JP 2008-180686 A , published on August 7, 2008, describes a wheel bearing with a sensor for detecting the mechanical load on a vehicle wheel. The wheel bearing is designed as a double-row angular contact ball bearing and has a magnetic flux device which comprises a magnetic flux generator attached to the outer ring of the wheel bearing, for example a coil which surrounds a core of a magnetizable material, and a magnetic detector such that a magnetic circuit is formed. The core of the spool is attached to the outer ring and radially aligned with the inner ring. The magnetic circuit is formed between the outer ring, the magnetic flux generator, the magnetic detector, a gap between the detector and the inner ring, the body of the inner ring and the rolling element between the inner and the outer ring and across the gap and over the contact surfaces of Rolling on raceways on the inner or outer ring closed. The magnetic detector detects the magnetic flux in the gap, the radial dimension of which changes as mechanical loading of the wheel bearing occurs. Further, the detector detects the changing magnetic flux in the circle as the pressure ellipse formed between the rolling element and the two raceways on the two bearing rings changes. As a magnetic detector, a further coil may be provided.

JP 2008-180346 A , published on August 7, 2008, describes a wheel bearing with a sensor for detecting the mechanical load on a vehicle wheel. The wheel bearing is designed as a double-row angular contact ball bearing and has a magnetic flux device, which comprises a fixed to the outer ring of the wheel bearing magnetic flux generator, such as a coil surrounding a magnetizable material, and a magnetic detector, so that a magnetic circuit is formed. The magnetic circuit is formed between the outer ring, the magnetic flux generator, the magnetic detector, the gap between the detector and the inner ring, the body of the inner ring and the rolling element between the inner and the outer ring. The magnetic detector detects the magnetic flux in the gap whose gap width changes in the radial direction, in particular under mechanical loading of the wheel bearing. Further, the detector detects the changing magnetic flux in the circle as the pressure ellipse formed between the rolling element and the two raceways on the two bearing rings changes. The gap is filled by a magnetic fluid. As a magnetic flux generator at least one permanent magnet is provided. As a detector, a coil is provided which surrounds a core of a magnetizable material, said core being arranged on the outer bearing ring and projecting radially in the direction of the inner bearing ring.

The writings JP 2008-180686 A such as JP 2008-180346 A each show a magnetic circuit which is closed between the inner and the outer ring, wherein one of the two bearing rings is rotatably arranged with respect to the other bearing ring.

JP 2008-174067 A , published July 31, 2008, describes a wheel bearing with a sensor for detecting the mechanical load on a vehicle wheel. The wheel bearing is designed as a double-row angular contact ball bearing and has a magnetic flux device which comprises a fixed to the outer ring of the wheel bearing magnetic flux generator, for example, a coil which surrounds a core of a magnetizable material, and a magnetic detector, so that a magnetic circuit is formed becomes. The magnetic flux generator is attached to the outer ring and has a radially, on the inner ring, and an axial, directed to the rolling element section. The magnetic flux generator is disposed at the axial portion and formed as a permanent magnet or as a coil surrounding the axial portion of a magnetizable material. The magnetic field detector is disposed directly on the outer ring at the radial portion. The magnetic circuit is closed via the outer ring, the radial and the axial section of the magnetic flux generator, the gap between the axial section and the rolling element, the body of the rolling element and the pressure ellipse between the rolling element and the outer ring. If a mechanical load occurs in the wheel bearing, the gap between the axial section and the rolling element and the pressure ellipse changes.

Of the The present invention is based on the prior art Technique based on the task, a rolling bearing with an improved Magnetic device in as simple and inexpensive To create a design.

The Task is according to the invention with the features of claim 1.

The The invention is based on a magnetic flux guide on a bearing element, for example a bearing ring of a radial or thrust bearing, wherein at least one magnetic circuit with a pole piece is provided from which the magnetic flux at least partially exits in the form of a leakage flux.

According to the invention the pole piece in the region of the trajectory of the rolling elements of the rolling bearing, so that at least one magnetically active and / or conductive, in particular soft magnetic rolling elements, as the bearing moves, it passes the pole piece and thus the magnetic flux in the flux guide temporarily (temporally) changed.

By the changed flow is in the electrical winding induces a voltage, either for the purpose of conversion in electrical energy further processed, rectified and stored can be or in a sensor device as information about the passage of a rolling element processed further can be. In the sense of a sensor device, for example, the Speed of the bearing or more precisely the speed of the bearing cage or the rolling elements are determined.

The induced tension can also be used by, on the one hand a useful voltage is generated, which is used to operate a sensor device and, on the other hand, the detected magnetic flux change is used as an input signal of the sensor device.

to Generation of a magnetic flux may occur in the flux guide either a permanent magnet may be provided and / or it may be a self-excitation coil provided as a winding around / on elements of the flux guide be.

The magnetic flux guide forms a magnetic circuit, by one or more rolling elements in one certain position of the rolling elements on the trajectory is closed. Thus, the magnetic flux resistance in this Changed position of the rolling elements, so that the magnetic flux changes with time accordingly, with the consequence of a stress induction.

The Rolling elements must be made for this purpose a magnetically active and / or conductive substance, for example consist of a soft iron. It is also conceivable that the rolling elements made of a hard magnetic, in particular magnetized material exist, whereby they are able to be in the magnetic Circle or in the flux guide a magnetic Temporarily generate flow.

A However, such a design involves the problem that due to the rotation of the rolling elements the direction of the magnetic River is not necessarily predictable, so for example in a sensor device with alternating voltage directions must be expected.

Become roller-shaped rolling elements used, so these may be in the direction of the longitudinal axis of the Roller to be magnetized, so that the magnetic flux direction of the generated magnetic flux in the flux guide is predictable.

The magnetic flux guide may include one or more magnetic (s) Circle (s) either on only one side of the trajectory of the rolling elements form or on both sides of the trajectory, with an or several rolling elements simultaneously in the magnetic Circle can be inserted.

It can then also, for example, on both sides of the trajectory Permanent magnets may be provided in the flux guide.

Advantageous can also be provided that the magnetic device one or comprises a plurality of boards, each magnetic flux guide in Form of a coating and at least one electrically conductive, having a flux guide surrounding winding.

In order to The magnetic device is very easy between two bearing elements retractable and can be attached as a whole to one of the bearing elements become. The magnetic device is also simply industrially in large Scale can be produced with narrow tolerances.

For example It is advantageously conceivable that the board as a laminated plate produced in the etching process.

there the lamination may be partially in an electrically conductive material, partly with a magnetically conductive, in particular soft magnetic, Material consist in an etching process for molding Etchable by corresponding guide elements or flux guide elements is. In known manner, by painting the parts that received should remain before the etching process the desired Form set.

A such board can for example also be flexible, in particular formable to a hollow cylinder, so that they are between two bearing rings of a Radial bearing is insertable.

In flat form, such a board, for example, in a thrust bearing or a linear bearing can be inserted.

Should the magnetic flux device is on both sides of the trajectory extend the rolling elements, so can also combined several boards and from different sides in be pushed the bearing gap.

alternative is also conceivable, the magnetic flux guide to a bearing element to glue or in the form of part of the bearing element, that in the manufacture of the bearing element in this corresponding Grooves are introduced later with the flux-conducting Material, for example in the form of a magnetic powder or a paste or a correspondingly shaped solid, be filled. In addition, of course, is the application other joining methods such as soldering or Welding for fastening the flux guide elements to a Bearing element conceivable.

Advantageous In addition, a non-magnetic cage for the Rolling be provided, however, the presence a cage for the operation of the invention unnecessary. Also a cage of magnetically conductive Material is between sufficiently large pole gap between pole shoe and cage possible.

moreover can be advantageously provided that between the bearing elements in the immediate vicinity of the magnetic flux conducting device in particular between several pole pieces an electronic module for processing the induced electrical voltage or energy is provided.

The Electronic module, for example, a rectifying device for conversion into a direct current, an energy storage device in the form of a capacitor, accumulator, a coil, etc. or contain a processing device for sensory impulses and optionally also a sensor for corresponding measured variables from the rolling bearing. The electronics module can either in addition to the magnetic flux guides be mounted on a bearing element or it may be in use a board integrated into this or these, for example be set up as an ASIC.

Should the magnetic device can be used sensory, so the amplitude the induced voltage and its course are evaluated, the to draw conclusions about the magnetic flux. For example can also at least one rolling element and / or a Pole shoe equipped with special magnetic properties such as especially high permeability, so when passing this reference rolling element in front of a pole piece or any rolling element in front of the reference pole piece a particularly large flow change occurs. The Evaluation can then be a follow-up of the remaining rolling elements over to provide their magnetic properties, with a calibration occurs at each bearing rotation on the special rolling elements.

The evaluation of the signals can also provide a zero position determination of the determined flow profile or the induced voltage, whereby the algorithm is particularly simple. If a gradient function is interpolated linearly or iteratively Based on this function, an absolute bearing position between 2 rolling element passages can also be determined if the number / distance of the magnetically active rolling elements is known. Particularly simple is a speed determination of the bearing and the rolling elements.

It is also a Fourier analysis as evaluation method for the determination The speed conceivable when the number / distance of the magnetically active Rolling is known.

additionally to those generated by the movement of the rolling elements River changes can also be on the opposite the magnetic device moving bearing element is a magnet or a be provided with magnetic doping, an additional Flow thus creates us to determine a reference position of the warehouse can be used.

A Further advantageous embodiment of the invention provides that one or more magnets spaced apart on the circumference of a Bearing ring arranged and shared by one on the circumference of the bearing Surrounding winding coil are surrounded.

These Design leads to a simple construction a technically usable level of induction voltage. The construction also has the advantage that the bearing interior external influences by the magnetic device is shielded.

The Construction can also be beneficial with a split or lip seal be combined.

It can also be provided that the magnetic device a ring with this at regular intervals having fixed magnets, wherein the ring as a clamping ring in a On the circumference of a bearing ring circumferential groove can be inserted. this leads to for easy mounting and retrofitting of bearings with a magnetic device. In addition, manufacturing tolerances can be added become.

On the cage between the rolling elements can Magnets strengthen or weaken the magnetic flux and thus a larger flow change cause, in turn, a higher induction voltage leads.

moreover is a load detection by the change of the magnetic Resistance of the magnetic circuit under load of the bearing possible.

The The invention also relates in this context to a method for Operation of a rolling bearing, wherein a sensor, in particular a winding on a magnetic circuit or a magnetic field sensor the by a single rolling element going magnetic River detected and from the detected magnetic flux a mechanical load condition of the rolling element determined.

On the one hand changes the air gap between rolling element and pole piece at axial load, on the other hand, the contact surface between rolling element / raceway. This is special effective if at least one of the bearing rings formed magnetically conductive is.

Of the magnetic flux can be detected by means of a Hall sensor with very narrow construction in the magnetic circuit or retroactively over the induced voltage by means of a sector winding.

A accurate load zone detection is possible because each rolling element over the magnetic device can also be detected individually.

For Applications in adverse environmental conditions such as in the underwater area, the magnetic device can also with a Be plastic shed.

Around can increase the accuracy, can also a Temperature detection of the magnetic device may be provided. The temperature can indirectly through the coil resistance or a thermocouple be measured. This is beneficial to the temperature dependence take into account the magnetic flux change to be able to.

in the The invention is based on an embodiment shown in a drawing and described below.

there shows

1 schematically a view of a magnetic device with rolling elements;

2 a cross section through a radial bearing with a magnetic device;

3 a cross section through a thrust bearing with a magnetic device;

4 a plan view of a board with a magnetic device,

5 a three-dimensional view of a curved board with a magnetic device,

6 another embodiment of the Er in a sectional view,

7 the embodiment of 6 in a schematic partial view,

8th a section from 7 increased

9 a schematic cross section through a further embodiment,

10 a schematic cross section through a modification of the embodiment 9 .

11 a schematic cross section through a further modification of the embodiments 9 and 10 .

12 a schematic cross-section through another embodiment of the in 1 to 11 illustrated embodiments,

13 a schematic cross-section through another embodiment of the in 1 to 12 illustrated embodiments,

14 a schematic cross-section through another embodiment of the in 1 to 13 illustrated embodiments,

15 a schematic cross section through an integrated into a seal embodiment, and

16 a schematic cross section through a modified embodiment to 15 ,

1 shows a view of a magnetic device with magnetic flux guides 1 . 2 moving to either side of the trajectory 3 of rolling elements 4 . 5 form a magnetic circuit. There are each pole shoes 6 . 7 . 8th . 9 formed, at which a magnetic flux exits, so that there, if no rolling element is in front of the respective pole piece, there is an increased magnetic resistance.

Moves a rolling element between the respective opposite pole pieces 6 . 8th . 7 . 9 Thus, the magnetic resistance decreases due to the soft magnetic properties of the rolling elements and the magnetic circuit is closed, so that in the example shown by the provided permanent magnet 10 . 11 generated magnetic flux increased in the circle.

To Further movement of the rolling elements decreases the flow again.

Due to the flux changes will be in the windings 12 . 13 . 14 . 15 each surrounding a flux-conducting element, each inducing a voltage that can be further processed, either to convert mechanical energy into electrical energy or to derive measurement signals.

Basically, instead of the permanent magnets 10 . 11 or in addition to a reduced number of magnets also be provided a further coil, which serves for the self-excitation of the magnetic circuit. At higher bearing speeds, the self-excitation can be reduced in this case, in order to reduce the energy yield and thus the braking effect on the bearing.

In the 2 is a corresponding radial bearing with an outer ring 16 , and an inner ring 17 , which each form the bearing elements represented.

In the space between the bearing rings is the magnetic device 1 . 2 shown schematically, as well as the troughs 18 for the rolling elements and the rolling elements 4 even.

In the figure, I also indicates the direction in which the 1 is created.

The 3 shows a similarly constructed bearing schematically in a cross section, wherein the two bearing rings 19 . 20 form a thrust bearing.

It remains to be determined that by appropriate stretching of the bearing elements also a linear bearing with the magnetic device in accordance with the invention Way can be constructed.

In the 4 schematically is a circuit board in a plan view 21 shown on the thin device as the magnetic device 22 are formed with corresponding flux guide elements in the form of thin material webs. These may for example consist of a permeable soft magnetic powder bound by a plastic. This material can either be printed on the board or it can be applied in the form of a lamination, which is then partially removed in an etching process to leave the required flux guide elements.

Moreover, in the 4 a glued permanent magnet 23 representing the flow in the corresponding circle.

However, such a permanent magnet can also be generated by the fact that on the board a hard magnetic, possibly powdery material is applied, which is subsequently magnetized.

In addition, there are windings on the board 24 . 25 which may be etched from an additional conductive lamination of the board and the flux guides 22 Surrounded on both sides, while still care must be taken for the contact between the top and bottom, so that the magnetic flux actually passes through the respective turns. The contact can be ensured for example by a via by means of conductor pins.

In the 5 is a curved board 21 represented, for example, can be inserted into the space between the bearing rings of a radial bearing and this must first be bent into a hollow cylindrical shape. Such a board can either be inserted from one side into the bearing space or two boards can be pushed from both sides towards the trajectory of the rolling elements and then mounted on a bearing ring.

In the 5 is also an electronic module 26 shown with the windings 24 . 25 is connected and, for example, a Signalverar processing device for processing measurement signals, for example, to measure the speed of the bearing or the speed of movement of the rolling elements. Such a module can of course also in connection with the embodiment in the 6 to 8th be used.

The cage speed can be measured directly and from this, if necessary, taking into account the rolling kinematics of the rolling elements and a slip and the speed of the bearing can be determined. Alternatively or additionally, a rectifying device in the module 26 be provided to obtain a DC voltage and, for example, an energy storage in the form of a capacitor, coil or accumulator.

The 6 shows a partial section through a radial bearing with an inner ring 30 and an outer ring 31 , Wherein on the outer ring, the magnetic device 32 in the form of a circumferential ring 33 with L-shaped cross section and with tooth-like attached magnets 34 is attached. The north-south direction of the magnets is in the 6 with the arrow 35 designated. With 36 is called a circulating around the outer ring winding coil, which thus all circumferentially arranged magnets 34 and whose magnetic flux surrounds. In the coil 36 thus call the flux changes in the magnetic circuits when passing the rolling elements 37 occur, a summed induced voltage that can be used for measurement and / or power generation purposes. In principle, in addition to this revolving coil, it is also possible to provide individual coils surrounding the individual pole shoes, the induction voltages of which can additionally be detected. Advantageously, the rolling elements can have the same distance from each other as the magnets 34 , so that all Teilflußänderungen are synchronized.

7 shows the magnetic device 32 in a view from the bearing inside, with the magnets 34 are recognizable on the inside. The sink 36 is also shown schematically.

The 8th shows enlarged and somewhat more detailed a section of the magnetic device with the L-shaped ring 33 , which can be attached, for example, as a clamping ring in a circumferential groove on the outer ring or optionally also on the inner ring or is constructively formed as part of a bearing element.

Due to the closed arrangement of the annular magnet device 32 with the distributed magnets 34 the bearing is also protected against the penetration of particles, in particular magnetic particles, which can also be caused by abrasion, are collected. The combination with a seal of a bearing (gap seal or lip seal) is advantageous. In the case of the lip seal, the rubber seal can be vulcanized onto the L-shaped ring, for example.

9 shows a schematic cross section through a modified embodiment of 1 respectively. 6 , On an outer ring 41 a magnetic device is fixed, which has a radially extending portion 42 a flux guide 43 and one in the middle of the subsection 42 axially extending portion 44 includes. The radial section 42 closes a narrow gap 45 with the inner ring 40 one. The axial section 44 closes with the rolling element 46 a gap 47 one. In the radial section 42 is a permanent magnet 48 arranged.

The flux guide 43 is thus formed substantially T-shaped, in particular, the radial section 42 one on the inner ring 40 pointing section between the axial section 44 and the inner ring 40 on, at the end of the extra gap 45 with the inner ring 40 formed.

The flux guide 43 thus has two pole pieces, namely on the rolling elements 46 pointing end portion of the axial Teilabschnit tes 44 and on the inner ring 40 pointing end portion of the radial section 42 ,

Two magnetic circuits form. The first magnetic circuit is from the outer ring 41 to the outer ring 41 adjacent radial section 42 , the axial section 44 , the permanent magnet 48 and the rolling element 46 over the with the rolling element 46 formed gap 47 closed. At one end of the axial section 44 is a magnetic sensor 49 arranged, which detects the magnetic flux in this first magnetic circuit.

The second magnetic circuit is from the permanent magnet 48 over the gap 47 with the rolling element 46 , the inner ring 40 with the gap 45 to the end portion of the radial section 42 closed. At the end portion of the radial section 42 is a magnetic sensor 50 arranged, which controls the magnetic flux in the gap 45 to the inner ring 40 detected.

If only radial load occurs, only the gap changes 45 to the inner ring 40 and hence the magnetic flux in the gap 45 the sensor 50 detected. The magnetic flux in the other gap 47 to the rolling element remains essentially unaffected.

On the other hand, if only an axial load occurs, only the gap changes 47 to the rolling element 46 and hence the magnetic flux in the gap 47 the sensor 49 detected.

The embodiment of the flux guide 43 for the formation of the gap 45 with the inner ring 40 and the gap 47 with the rolling element 46 allows independent detection of radial and axial loads. In particular, the pressure angle in the bearing can also be determined.

10 shows a modification to the embodiment 9 , wherein the same reference numerals designate the same or comparable in their technical effect elements. The difference from the embodiment 9 is that a self-excitation coil 51 is provided to provide the magnetic field of the two magnetic circuits. The self-excitation coil 51 surrounds the axial section 44 , which is in the range of the trajectory of the rolling element 46 has pole piece at its end portion and is part of both magnetic circuits.

At the in 9 and 10 Illustrated embodiments are the magnetic sensors 50 . 49 each at the end portions of the sections 44 . 42 arranged and thus in close proximity to the columns 45 . 47 whose magnetic fluxes change. The magnetic sensors 49 . 50 are each designed as Hall sensors.

At the in 11 illustrated modification of the embodiments 9 and 10 is the sensor 50 that has the magnetic flux in the gap 45 to the inner ring 40 detected, formed as a coil, which is on the inner ring 40 pointing portion of the radial section 42 is wound. Next is the sensor 49 , which is the magnetic flux between the axial section 44 and the rolling element 46 over the gap 47 detected as another coil formed on the outer ring 41 pointing portion of the radial section 42 surrounds. The magnetic field of the two magnetic circuits is controlled by a permanent magnet 48 provided, in the two magnetic circuits common axial section 44 is arranged, it being understood that the permanent magnet 48 also accordingly 10 can be replaced or supplemented by a self-excitation coil.

12 shows a schematic cross section through a further embodiment, in which an inner ring 60 rotatable to a fixed outer ring 61 is stored. On the outer ring 61 is a flux guide 63 arranged, which has an L-shaped cross section and a radial, on the inner ring 60 pointing radial section 62 and an axial, on a rolling element 66 pointing section 64 comprising, wherein at one end of the axial section 64 a permanent magnet 68 is fixed so that a pole piece is formed. Between the permanent magnet 68 and the rolling element 66 becomes a gap 67 educated. It forms a magnetic circuit, starting from the permanent magnet 68 over the gap 67 , the body of the rolling element 66 via the pressure ellipse with the raceway on the outer ring 61 , the body of the outer ring 61 , the radial section 62 and the axial section 64 back to the permanent magnet 68 is closed.

On the inner wall of the outer ring 61 is a winding coil 69 provided on the outer ring 61 and at the magnetic device 63 is arranged fixed. The winding coil 69 runs along the circumference of the outer ring 61 and surrounds the in 12 pictorially illustrated pole piece with the permanent magnet 68 as well as other, not shown, pole shoes, which also include a gap with the rolling elements. In each of the gaps, the magnetic flux changes when the respective rolling element passes this gap, analogously as in the gap 67 who in 12 is shown. In the all-round column winding bobbin 69 In this case, a voltage is induced, which is the simultaneous change of the magnetic fluxes through all gaps on all pole pieces. The individual pole pieces are magnetically isolated from each other, for example, by a sufficient distance in the circumferential direction.

The winding coil 69 is particularly suitable for power generation, especially when the distance of the pole pieces in the circumferential direction is matched to the distance successive rolling elements.

In 12 is on the rotating inner ring 60 a magnetic element 70 arranged fixed, whose magnetic field is superimposed on the magnetic field in the magnetic field and of the winding coil 69 is detected. The magnetic element 70 may be formed as a permanent magnet or as a magnetically conductive part, which is the radial section 62 the flux guide in the direction of the inner ring 60 extended and a narrow gap 71 to the axial section 64 leaves.

During operation of the bearing then overlaps with the bearing speed of the inner ring 60 variable magnetic field of the magnetic element 70 with the variable with the Wälzkörperumlaufzahl magnetic field in the magnetic circuit, so that in the winding coil 69 induced voltage has at least two with different frequencies, which allows both a conclusion on the bearing speed and on the Wälzkörperumlaufzahl (or to the cage speed when the rolling elements are caged). Both speeds or frequencies can be detected and correlated, so that a bearing slip is recognizable.

In 12 is the winding coil 69 on the one, right side of the rolling elements 66 arranged. It is understood that another coil may be provided on the other, left side. This further coil may be formed as a further winding coil or as a coil which surrounds a pole shoe additionally mounted on the left side.

13 shows a schematic cross section through an embodiment with an inner ring 80 an outer ring 81 that is rotationally fixed with respect to the inner ring 80 is, as well as a flux guide 83 that has a radial, on the inner ring 80 pointing section 82 and an axial, on a rolling body 86 pointing section 84 comprising, wherein the axial section 84 with the rolling element 86 a gap 87 forms and the axial section 84 than in the area of the trajectory of the rolling element 86 ending pole piece is formed.

A magnetic field is transmitted through a first winding coil 89 generated as soon as the first winding coil 89 is energized, wherein the first winding coil 89 in the circumferential direction of the outer ring 81 is arranged circumferentially and in the axial section 84 causes a magnetic flux that flows across the gap 87 , the body of the rolling element 86 , the contact ellipse between the rolling elements 86 and the outer ring 81 , the body of the outer ring 81 and the radial section 82 of the flux guide 83 a magnetic circuit closes. If the surface of the contact ellipse changes between the rolling elements 86 or the extent of the gap changes 87 in the axial direction, a change in the magnetic flux in the magnetic circuit by means of a second winding coil 90 detected in which a voltage is induced. The second winding coil 90 runs, axially relative to the rolling elements 86 offset outwardly, substantially parallel to the first winding coil 89 , The number of windings per coil can for the first winding coil 89 from that for the second winding coil 90 so that it is possible to change the amplitude of the second winding coil 90 to transform the tapped tension. In particular, only small changes in the magnetic flux through the gap can occur 87 or by the contact ellipse between the rolling elements 86 and the outer ring 81 easily detectable when the second winding coil 90 a high number of turns compared to the first winding coil 89 having.

It is understood that also on the other side of the raceway of the rolling elements 86 , in 13 So on the left side of the rolling element 86 , another pair of winding coils may be provided. In the respective related to the rolling elements 86 external winding coils is then induced a voltage whose sign depends on whether the axial extent of the gap 87 increased or decreased. By a signed addition of the signals of the two outer winding coils axially acting forces can be easily detected. Furthermore, the influence of radially acting forces can be suppressed since the forces acting radially on the coil pairs on both sides of the rolling body 86 act in the same way and can be computationally eliminated by summation or difference. It is understood that on the other, in 13 left side of the rolling element 86 Also, a pole piece may be provided which forms a further magnetic circuit, said further magnetic circuit detects the radial and / or axial load at the location of this pole piece, while the second winding coil 90 a over the entire circumference of the outer ring 81 averaged result for the axial load.

14 shows an inner ring 100 , an outer ring 101 and a flux guide 103 that extends radially from the outer ring 101 extending part Of 102 having. At the radial section 102 is an axially extending section 104 arranged, the first, to become a rolling element 106 extending section and a second extending from the rolling element 106 fort extending section includes. In the radial section 102 is a permanent magnet 108 arranged so that a magnetic circuit is formed, which extends over the radial section 102 , which is on the rolling elements 106 extending portion of the axial section 104 , a gap 107 between the end portion of the axial section 104 , the body of the rolling element 106 as well as via the contact ellipse of the rolling element 106 with the outer ring 101 over the body of the outer ring 101 is closed. A coil 109 detects as a measuring coil the magnetic flux in the region of the gap 107 to the rolling element 108 ,

The above-described magnetic circuit is formed as a first pitch of a magnetic measuring system. The magnetic measuring system comprises a second pitch circle, that of the radial section 102 , that of the rolling element 106 progressing portion of the axial section 104 , one parallel to the radial section 102 arranged compensation path 111 made of a magnetizable material and a portion of the body of the outer ring 101 is formed. The compensation path 111 is with the outer ring 101 and with one of the rolling elements 106 away end portion of the axial section 104 firmly connected. The second pitch circle is also defined by that in the radial section 102 arranged permanent magnets 108 acted upon whose magnetic field is thus divided on the two pitch circles.

The magnetic flux in the first circle, the gap 107 contains, is in a fixed, defined relationship with the magnetic flux in the second pitch.

In the compensation section 111 is a magnetic auxiliary sensor 112 , In particular, a Hall sensor, arranged, which detects the magnetic flux in the second pitch circle. The compensation path 111 is from a compensation coil 113 surround.

The measuring coil 109 in the first pitch is associated with a control device which controls the current through the compensation coil 113 controls. The magnetic field or the magnetic flux in the gap 107 in the first pitch circle is determined such that the compensation coil 113 carries a current whose magnetic field in the compensation path 111 present, on the permanent magnet 108 compensating magnetic field. The disappearance of the magnetic field on the compensation path 111 is through the auxiliary sensor 112 detected.

It is understood that in 14 illustrated detection of the magnetic flux by means of the compensation coil 113 can also be provided in the event that the gap between the radial portion 102 and the inner ring 100 is formed, so that in 9 illustrated sensor 45 through the compensation coil 113 replaced or supplemented. It is further understood that both the gap 107 to the rolling element as well as a gap to the inner ring with only one compensation coil 113 can be detected.

15 shows a magnetic device integrated in a seal. The magnetic device comprises a flux guide 123 , which is manufactured as geboge ner sheet metal section of a magnetically conductive material, especially from a deep-drawn part. The flux guide 123 includes a substantially radially extending portion 122 , whose caulked end portion 133 in a receiving groove 134 an outer ring 121 is fixed. The flux guide 123 further includes an axially extending portion 124 on, whose end section 134 again radially, towards an inner ring 120 , is bent to an improved contact surface to a permanent magnet 128 form, in an imaginary extension of the axial section 124 at its radially bent end portion 134 lies flat. In the area of the caulked end section 133 in the receiving groove 134 is the magnetically conductive material of the radial section 122 on the material of the body of the outer ring 121 on, so that the magnetic circle between the body of the outer ring 121 over the radial section 122 and the axial section 124 of the flux guide 123 to the permanent magnet 128 over a gap 127 in the rolling elements 126 can train. The change of the magnetic flux across the gap 127 is by means of a along the inner circumferential surface of the outer ring 121 circumferential winding coil (not shown) detected.

The winding coil is in a coil carrier 129 received, which is made of a non-magnetic material, in particular of a plastic. The coil carrier 129 has a U-shaped cross section, in which along the circumference of the outer ring 121 circumferential winding coil of an electrical conductor is inserted. The permanent magnet 128 is radially substantially centrally between the two mutually facing lateral surfaces of the inner ring 120 and the outer ring 121 arranged. In the manufacture of the bobbin 129 by plastic spraying is the permanent magnet 128 to the coil carrier 129 has been attached, as well as the flux guide 123 , With the coil carrier 129 cohesively is a body of a plastic seal 130 formed having a gap seal with the inner ring 120 formed. The plastic seal 130 bridges the distance between the permanent magnets 128 or the axial section 124 of the flux guide 123 and the inner circumferential surface of the inner ring 120 , wherein a sealing gap 131 is complied with. It is understood that the plastic seal 130 may also include a sealing lip which serves as a lip seal on the inner circumferential surface of the inner ring 120 is applied. It is further understood that the permanent magnet 128 only after its inclusion in the sealing element of the seal can obtain its permanent magnetization by being exposed to a strong magnetic field.

16 shows how 15 a sealing element with a first flux guide 123a , its radial section 122a with a caulked end portion 133 on an outer ring 121 in a receiving groove 134 is set, so that the material of the first flux guide 123a with the material of the outer ring 121 comes into contact. The first flux guide 123a further comprises an axial section 124a , at its end portion pointing in the axial direction 132 a permanent magnet 128 is applied. In a cross-sectionally U-shaped first coil carrier 129a is a pictorial not shown, along the circumference of the outer ring 121 added circumferential winding coil. Next is a second flux guide 123b provided, the radial portion 122b substantially in alignment with the radial section 122a of the first flux guide 123a is aligned. The second flux guide 123b further comprises an axial section 124b at the axial section 124a of the first flux guide 123a lies flat and with the permanent magnet 128 in contact. Next is a second coil carrier 129b provided, which receives a second winding coil, not shown pictorially. An axially parked end section 135 of the radial section 122b the second flux guide 123b is provided with an encapsulation, the section as a sealing lip to the inner circumferential surface of the inner ring 120 formed.

The first flux guide 123a forms together with the permanent magnet 128 and the rolling element 126 as well as the outer ring 121 the above, too 15 , described magnetic circuit. The second flux guide 123b forms with the permanent magnet 128 , the rolling element 126 as well as the inner ring 120 another magnetic circuit, both magnetic circuits are used to generate energy. Even if the end portion of the radial section 122b the second flux guide 123b a greater distance to the inner ring 120 holds, the additional magnetic circuit provides a gain of about 50% of energy.

At the in 16 illustrated embodiment, each of the two magnetic circuits has its own flux guide 123a , b on. It is understood that both circuits may have a common flux guide extending from the outer ring 121 close to the inner ring 120 extends radially and from which a single axial sub-element, which is in contact with the common permanent magnet 128 the two magnetic circles stands.

In the embodiments described above was a coil, in particular a surrounding the pole piece or as a winding coil 69 . 89 Circumferential coil provided to detect the change of magnetic flux in the circuit. The respective coil may be formed as an inductance of a series or parallel resonant circuit, provided that a capacitor and an ohmic resistance is additionally provided. If the magnetic flux through the coil changes as the rolling elements pass the pole piece, this corresponds to a change in the inductance, so that the resonant frequency of the resonant circuit changes. In this way, inductances can be detected very quickly. In addition, a reference resonant circuit may be provided, the resonant frequency remains unchanged, but which is subject to the same thermal load as the resonant circuit with the coil for detecting the magnetic flux. In this way, the influence of a temperature change can be eliminated, especially a change in the ohmic resistance in the resonant circuit and the reference resonant circuit, if the current carrier of both resonant circuits consist of the same material or of materials whose resistance to temperature increase to the same extent a change experiences. In particular, it may be provided to couple the inductance of the coil with a reference inductance of the reference resonant circuit and to match.

The Inductance of the coil, which is the change of the magnetic River detected in the magnetic circuit, can also be used in this way be, by means of a first current pulse, a magnetic field of a strength cause, in the rolling elements an eddy current whose magnetic field is in turn detected by the coil, wherein the induced eddy current of the distance of the coil, specifically also the gap, to the rolling elements or to the Bearing ring depends.

In the embodiments described above, the magnetic sensors were designed as Hall sensors. It is understood that magnetic sensors can also be provided NEN, which are based on the magnetoresistive effect, in which so the electrical resistance changes depending on the magnitude and direction of an external magnetic field. Specifically, such magnetoresistive sensors can be provided based on one of the XMR effects, namely the GMR effect (X = G), the AMR effect (anisotropic magnetoresistance, X = A), the CMR effect ( colossal magnetoresistance, X = C) or the TMR effect (tunneling magnetoresistance, X = T).

As a general rule The invention allows the space-saving arrangement of a magnetic device in a warehouse, either for sensory purposes or transformation from mechanical energy to electrical energy. It For this purpose, the rolling elements themselves as magnetic used active elements that open a magnetic circuit and close or, if they are hard magnetically formed and can be magnetized by the moving rolling elements as well a time-varying, additional flow be actively generated in the respective magnetic circuit.

1, 2,

magnetic flux guides

3

trajectory

4, 5

rolling elements

6 7, 8, 9

pole pieces

10 11

permanent magnets

12 13, 14, 15, 24, 25

windings

16

outer ring

17

inner ring

18

spillways

19 20

bearing rings

21

circuit board

22

magnetic device

23

permanent magnet

26

electronic module

30 31

bearing rings

32

magnetic device

33

ring

34

magnets

35

magnetization direction

36

winding coil

37

rolling elements

40

inner ring

41

outer ring

42

radial part Of

43

flux collector

44

axial part Of

45

Gap with inner ring 40

46

rolling elements

47

Gap with rolling elements 46

48

permanent magnet

49

magnetic sensor

50

magnetic sensor

51

Self-excitation coil

60

inner ring

61

outer ring

62

radial part Of

63

flux collector

64

axial part Of

66

rolling elements

67

Gap with rolling elements 66

68

permanent magnet

69

winding coil

70

magnetic element

71

Gap between the axial section 64 and the magnetic element 70

80

inner ring

81

outer ring

82

radial part Of

83

flux collector

84

axial part Of

88

rolling elements

87

gap

89

first winding coil

90

second winding coil

100

inner ring

101

outer ring

102

radial part Of

103

flux collector

104

axial part Of

106

rolling elements

107

gap

108

permanent magnet

109

Kitchen sink

111

compensation range

112

auxiliary sensor

113

compensating coil

120

inner ring

121

outer ring

122 122a, 122b

radial part Of

123 123a, 123b

flux collector

124 124a, 124b

axial part Of

126

rolling elements

127

gap

128

permanent magnet

129 129a, 129b

coil carrier

130

Plastic sealing

131

sealing gap

132

End portion of the axial section 124 . 124a

133

End portion of the radial section 122 . 122a

134

Receiving groove of the outer ring 121

135

axially parked end portion of the radial portion 122b

QUOTES INCLUDE IN THE DESCRIPTION

This list The documents listed by the applicant have been automated generated and is solely for better information recorded by the reader. The list is not part of the German Patent or utility model application. The DPMA takes over no liability for any errors or omissions.

Cited patent literature

• - WO 2008/014766 A1 [0004]
• EP 0402240 A1 [0005]
• EP 0397309 [0006]
• - JP 2008-180686 A [0008, 0010]
• - JP 2008-180346A [0009, 0010]
• - JP 2008-174067 A [0011]

Claims (16)

Rolling bearings with rolling elements ( 4 . 5 . 46 ; 66 ; 86 ; 106 ; 126 ) between two bearing elements, in particular bearing rings or bearing rails ( 16 . 17 . 19 . 20 . 40 . 41 ; 60 . 61 ; 80 . 81 ; 100 . 101 ; 120 . 121 ) are movable and with a magnetic device, the at least one attached to a bearing element magnetic flux guide ( 1 . 2 . 33 . 34 ; 43 ; 63 ; 83 ; 103 ; 123 ; 123a ; 123b ) which has at least one pole piece ending in the region of the movement path of the rolling elements ( 6 . 7 . 8th . 9 ; 44 ; 64 ; 84 ; 104 ; 124 ; 124a ; 124b ), wherein at least one rolling element ( 4 . 5 . 46 ; 66 ; 86 ; 106 ; 126 ) is magnetically active and / or conductive and wherein the magnetic flux guide ( 1 . 2 . 33 . 34 ; 43 ; 63 ; 83 ; 103 ; 123 ; 123a ; 123b ) one or more electrical windings (s) ( 12 . 13 . 14 . 15 ; 51 ; 69 ; 89 . 90 ; 109 ; 113 ) for inductive voltage generation. Rolling bearing according to claim 1, characterized in that the magnetic flux guide ( 1 . 2 . 33 . 34 ; 43 ; 63 ; 83 ; 103 ; 123 ; 123a ; 123b ) forms one or more magnetic circular (s), which by one or more rolling elements ( 4 . 5 . 46 ; 66 ; 86 ; 106 ; 126 ) in a certain position of the rolling elements ( 4 . 5 . 46 ; 66 ; 86 ; 106 ; 126 ) is closed on the trajectory. Rolling bearing according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the magnetic flux guide ( 1 . 2 . 33 . 34 ; 43 ; 63 ; 83 ; 103 ; 123 ; 123a ; 123b ) one or more magnetic circuit (s) on one side of the trajectory of the rolling elements ( 4 . 5 . 46 ; 66 ; 86 ; 106 ; 126 ). Rolling bearing according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the magnetic flux guide ( 1 . 2 . 33 . 34 ; 43 ; 63 ; 83 ; 103 ; 123 ; 123a ; 123b ) one or more magnetic circuit (s) on both sides of the trajectory of the rolling elements ( 4 . 5 . 46 ; 66 ; 86 ; 106 ; 126 ). Rolling bearing according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the or the magnetic (s) circle (s) a permanent magnet ( 10 . 11 ; 48 ; 68 ; 88 ; 108 ; 128 ). Rolling bearing according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the or the magnetic (s) circle (s) a self-exciting coil ( 51 ). Rolling bearing according to claim 1 or one of the following, characterized in that the magnetic device one or more boards ( 21 ), each having magnetic flux guide elements ( 22 ) in the form of a coating and at least one electrically conductive, a flux guide surrounding winding ( 24 . 25 ) having. Rolling bearing according to claim 7, characterized in that the board ( 21 ) is produced as a laminated plate in the etching process. Rolling bearing according to claim 7 or 8, characterized in that the board ( 21 ) flexible, in particular to a hollow cylinder is malleable. 10 roller bearing according to claim 1 or one of the following, characterized in that a, in particular magnetically non-conductive cage for the rolling elements ( 4 . 5 ) is provided. Rolling bearing according to claim 1 or one of the following, characterized in that a magnetically conductive cage for the rolling elements ( 4 . 5 ) is provided. Rolling bearing according to claim 1 or one of the following, characterized in that no cage for the rolling elements ( 4 . 5 ) is provided. Rolling bearing according to Claim 1 or one of the following, characterized in that between the bearing elements ( 16 . 17 . 19 . 20 ) in the immediate vicinity of the magnetic flux conducting device ( 1 . 2 ), in particular between several pole shoes ( 6 . 7 . 8th . 9 ) an electronic module ( 26 ) is provided for processing the induced electrical voltage. Rolling bearing according to claim 1 or one of the following with bearing rings, characterized in that one or more magnet (s) ( 34 ) at a distance from each other on the circumference of a bearing ring ( 31 ) and jointly by one or more on the circumference of the bearing circulating winding coil (s) ( 36 ) are surrounded. Rolling bearing according to claim 14, characterized in that the magnetic device comprises a ring ( 33 ) with magnets attached to it at regular or irregular intervals ( 34 ), wherein the ring as a clamping ring in a on the circumference of a bearing ring ( 31 ) circumferential groove can be inserted. Rolling bearing according to claim 14, characterized in that the magnetic device comprises a ring ( 33 ) with magnets attached to it at regular or irregular intervals ( 34 ), wherein the ring is part of the outer ring, the inner ring or a sealing element, in particular a bearing plate. Method for operating a roller bearing according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a sensor, in particular a winding on a magnetic circuit or a magnetic field sensor by a single rolling body magnetic flux detected and determined from the detected magnetic flux a mechanical load condition of the rolling element, in particular in the axial and / or radial forces acting determined.