DE102009004381A1 - Device, method and computer program product - Google Patents

Abstract

In summary, the present invention relates to a device (10), in particular for determining individual parameters of a subject (30), comprising - at least one first illumination device (202), wherein the first illumination device (202) is designed to emit substantially completely polarized light in such a way, that in the position of use, a head of a subject (30) is at least partially illuminated by the polarized light, - at least a first image pickup device (14, 16), wherein the first image pickup device (14, 16) is designed, in the position of use image data at least of partial areas of the head the test person (30) to produce and wherein the first image pickup device (14, 16) is designed such that in the generated image data polarized light, at least partially weakened, - a data processing device which is designed by means of the generated image data user data, in particular individual parameters the subject (30) to determine and with - a data output device which is designed to output the image data and / or user data and a method and a computer program product.

Description

The The present invention relates to a device, a method and a A computer program product.

State of the art

By the introduction of individually optimized spectacle lenses It is possible on the claims of persons to enter into vision defects and, for example, spectacle lenses with individually optimized visual areas. Individually adapted lenses enable a optimal correction of optical vision defects of a user of the spectacle lenses. An individual calculation and adjustment of eyeglass lenses is also possible for sports glasses, which themselves due to large deflections, frame and pre-tilt angles distinguished.

In order to fully exploit the optical advantages of individual spectacle lenses, in particular individually adapted progressive lenses, it is necessary to calculate and manufacture these spectacles with knowledge of the position of use of the user and to wear in accordance with the position of use used for the calculation and production. The position of use is dependent on a variety of parameters, such as the pupil distance of the user, the frame disc angle, the spectacle lens, the spectacle frame, the corneal vertex distance of the system of glasses and eye and the grinding height of the lenses. These and other parameters, which can be used to describe the position of use, or are necessary, are in relevant standards, such as DIN EN ISO 1366 , of the DIN 58 208 , of the DIN EN ISO 8624 and the DIN 5340 and can be taken from it. Furthermore, it is necessary that the spectacle lenses are arranged in a spectacle frame in accordance with the optical parameters used for the manufacture, so that the spectacle lenses are actually carried in the position of use in accordance with the optical parameters.

Around Determining the individual optical parameters is up to the optician a variety of gauges available. For example, the optician can use a so-called pupillometer Evaluate pupillary reflexes or determine the distance between the pupil centers so as to determine the pupillary distance, for example a LED is mapped to infinity.

pretilt and corneal vertex distance, for example, with a Measuring device to be determined in the habitual in Head and body posture of the customer the meter is held on a frame level of a spectacle frame. The pretilt angle Can be side over a gravity-driven pointer be read on a scale. To determine the corneal vertex distance an engraved ruler is used, with which the distance between the estimated groove bottom of the eyeglass frame and the cornea also measured from the side.

Of the Bracket angle of the spectacle frame can, for example, with a measuring device to which the Glasses are placed. The nasal edge of a disc must over a pivot point of a movable measuring arm are arranged the other disc being parallel to an engraved line. The measuring arm is adjusted so that a marked Axle of the measuring arm parallel to the frame level of the above arranged disc runs. The socket angle can then read on a scale.

It it is an object of the present invention to enable that a device of the aforementioned type possible is universally applicable. This task is solved by the device according to claim 1, the method according to claim 18 and the computer program product according to claim 21. Preferred embodiments are the subject of the dependent claims.

definitions

• – Eine "Hilfsstruktur" kann eine künstliche, beispielsweise an einem Kopf, insbesondere an einem Gesicht angeordnete Struktur sein. Die Hilfsstruktur kann auch das gesamte Gesicht, ein Teil des Gesichts, ein Teil des Kopfes, die Form des Kopfes, die Position charakteristischer Bestandteile des Kopfes oder des Gesichts, wie z. B. die Ohren, die Nase, Pigmente, ein Muttermal, Sommersprossen, eine oder beide Augenbrauen etc. sein. Die Hilfsstruktur kann auch einen oder mehrere Aufkleber umfassen, welche(r) an den Kopf bzw. an das Gesicht geklebt wird bzw. werden.
• – Ein einem Brillenglas "entsprechendes Auge" ist das Auge eines Benutzers des Brillenglases, d. h. das Auge des Brillenträgers, vor dem das Brillenglas angeordnet ist. In anderen Worten ist das dem Brillenglas "entsprechende Auge" das Auge des Brillenträgers, mit welchem er durch das Brillenglas blickt. Dem rechten Brillenglas entspricht das rechte Auge und dem linken Brillenglas entspricht das linke Auge des Brillenträgers. Einer Brille eines Brillenträgers entsprechen somit beide Augen.
• – Brillengläser sind beispielsweise Einstärkenbrillengläser, Mehrstärkenbrillengläser, beispielsweise Gleitsichtgläser, mit oder ohne Tönung, Verspiegelung und/oder Polarisationsfiltern.
• – Der Begriff "bestimmen" beinhaltet beispielsweise "berechnen", "ablesen aus einer Tabelle", "entnehmen einer Datenbank", usw.
• – Die Position eines Brillenglases relativ zu einem Pupillenmittelpunkt beinhaltet insbesondere alle notwendigen Informationen, um die Anordnung des Brillenglases relativ zu dem Pupillenmittelpunkt anzugeben, wie z. B. Vorneigung des Brillenglases, Stellung einer Scheibenebene relativ zu dem Pupillenmittelpunkt und insbesondere auch relativ zu der Nullblickrichtung, Lage von optischen besonders relevanten Gebieten, wie z. B. Nahbezugspunkt bzw. -bereich, Fernbezugspunkt bzw. -bereich, usw., Position des Zentrierpunktes, Astigmatismusachse, usw.
• – "Charakteristische Punkte" eines Brillenglases sind beispielsweise Punkte, welche die Ausrichtung bzw. die Anordnung des Brillenglases in eindeutiger Weise bestimmbar macht. Beispielsweise können charakteristische Punkte Gravurpunkte des Brillenglases oder Bezugspunkte des Brillenglases sein. Charakteristische Punkte können insbesondere zweidimensionale, flächige Gebilde, wie Kreise, Kreuze, usw. sein.
• – "Gravurpunkte" sind insbesondere solche Punkte, die eine Bestimmung der optischen Eigenschaften in eindeutiger Weise zulassen. Beispielsweise ist die relative Position von Nahbezugspunkt, Fernbezugspunkt, Nabellinie usw. bezüglich eines Zentrierpunktes als bevorzugtem Gravurpunkt bekannt. Ein Brillenglas kann ein oder mehrere charakteristische Punkte aufweisen, folglich können von dem bzw. den Darstellungsmittel(n) ein oder mehrere charakteristische Punkte dargestellt werden. Weiterhin sind Gravurpunkte derart ausgebildet, daß sie für das bloße Auge, d. h. ohne weitere optische Hilfsmittel, im wesentlichen nicht sichtbar sind.

Before the following detailed description of the invention, terms will be defined that will assist in understanding the invention.

• An "auxiliary structure" can be an artificial structure arranged, for example, on a head, in particular on a face. The auxiliary structure can also cover the entire face, a part of the face, a part of the head, the shape of the head, the position of characteristic parts of the head or face, such as the head. The ears, the nose, pigments, a birthmark, freckles, one or both eyebrows, etc. The auxiliary structure may also include one or more stickers which are glued to the head or to the face.
• An eye "corresponding to a spectacle lens" is the eye of a user of the spectacle lens, ie the eye of the spectacle wearer, in front of which the spectacle lens is arranged. In other words, the eye corresponding to the spectacle lens is the eye of the spectacle wearer, with whom he looks through the spectacle lens. The right lens corresponds to the right eye and the left lens corresponds to the left eye of the wearer. Glasses of a spectacle wearer thus correspond to eyes.
• - Spectacle lenses are, for example, single vision lenses, multifocal lenses, such as progressive lenses, with or without tinting, mirroring and / or polarizing filters.
• - The term "determine" includes, for example, "calculate", "read from a table", "extract from a database", etc.
• In particular, the position of a spectacle lens relative to a pupil center includes all the information necessary to indicate the arrangement of the spectacle lens relative to the pupil center, such as, for example, the spectacle lens. B. Vorneigung the spectacle lens, position of a disc plane relative to the pupil center and in particular also relative to the zero direction, position of optically particularly relevant areas, such. B. near reference point or range, far reference point or range, etc., position of the centering point, astigmatism axis, etc.
• "Characteristic points" of a spectacle lens are, for example, points which make the alignment or the arrangement of the spectacle lens unambiguously determinable. For example, characteristic points may be engraving points of the spectacle lens or reference points of the spectacle lens. In particular, two-dimensional, flat structures, such as circles, crosses, etc., can be characteristic points.
• - "Engraving points" are in particular those points that allow a determination of the optical properties in a unique way. For example, the relative position of near reference point, far reference point, umbilical line, etc. with respect to a centering point is known as a preferred engraving point. A spectacle lens may have one or more characteristic points, and consequently one or more characteristic points may be represented by the means of representation (s). Furthermore, engraving points are formed such that they are substantially invisible to the naked eye, ie without further optical aids.

For example engraving points may contain two or more product-specific micro engravings, such as B. circle (s), diamond (s), etc., be, which in particular in a standardized distance from each other, for example at a distance of about 34 mm. These engraving points are called "main engravings" designated. Furthermore, engraving points, in particular micro engravings define a glass horizontal. The middle between the two engraving points is at the same time origin of coordinates (hereinafter also "zero point" called) for the further measurement and reference points, if stamped glass-specific markings of the lens absence.

immediate under the "main engravings" can each be temporal the engraving of the addition and nasal an index for base curve and refractive index of the glass are located.

• – Ein "Darstellungsmittel" kann ein Aufkleber, ein Punkt, insbesondere ein gezeichneter Punkt bzw. Kreis bzw. anderes zweidimensionales Objekt und/oder ein dreidimensionales Objekt sein. Ein Darstellungsmittel kann auch mehrere Aufkleber umfassen und/oder Punkte, insbesondere gezeichnete Punkte bzw. Kreise bzw. andere zweidimensionale Objekte und/oder dreidimensionale Objekte umfassen. Ein Darstellungsmittel unterscheidet sich insbesondere dadurch von einer Hilfsstruktur, daß das Darstellungsmittel mit einem Brillenglas assoziiert wird, beispielsweise, indem das Darstellungsmittel einen Aufkleber umfaßt, der auf das Brillenglas geklebt wird. Die Hilfsstruktur wird mit dem Kopf bzw. dem Gesicht eines Benutzers assoziiert, beispielsweise, indem die Hilfsstruktur einen Aufkleber umfaßt, der an das Gesicht geklebt wird.

Further, another engraving point may be a trademark, for example in the form of a letter, etc., which may be located about 13 mm below the "main engraving" or the engraving of the addition and index of base curve and refractive index of the glass.

• A "presentation means" can be a sticker, a dot, in particular a drawn point or circle or other two-dimensional object and / or a three-dimensional object. A presentation means may also comprise a plurality of stickers and / or comprise dots, in particular drawn dots or circles or other two-dimensional objects and / or three-dimensional objects. A presentation means differs in particular from an auxiliary structure in that the presentation means is associated with a spectacle lens, for example, in that the presentation means comprises a sticker which is glued onto the spectacle lens. The auxiliary structure is associated with the head or face of a user, for example, by the auxiliary structure comprising a sticker which is glued to the face.

Especially a spectacle lens can have one or more characteristic points, which is represented by one or more presentation means can be. For example, a or several engraving points of one or more presentation means being represented. The presentation means may, for. B. a sticker be arranged so that the position of a or more engraving points relative to the sticker clearly determinable is. For example, a sticker can cover two (or three) engraving points and at the position overlapping the engraving points, the For example, stickers may be colored, with the Color is different from the remaining color of the sticker. For example, the sticker may have a white base color or be transparent and at positions corresponding to the two (or three) engraving points are superimposed, the sticker can at least one black dot or circle or one saddle point each have, d. H. the sticker can have two (or three) black dots or Circles or two (or three) saddle points.

Further, a presentation means may include one or more stamped markers, such as a stamped indicia. B. two stamped circular arcs of the form "()", in the middle of which, for example, the remote reference point B _{F of} a spectacle lens can be located. The circular arcs may be arranged such that the far reference point is about 8 mm above zero (see above). Two horizontal lines to the right and left of it are auxiliary markers for aligning the horizontal lights when checking the cylinder axis.

• – Die "Glashorizontale" (siehe oben) kann je zwei waagrechte unterbrochene Linien temporal/nasal umfassen. Vorzugsweise ist dazwischen den Linien eine spezifische Produktgravur in Form eines oder mehrere Kreise oder Rauten angeordnet.

Furthermore, a stamped marking may comprise a remote centering cross, which is located about 4 mm above the zero point (see above). The remote centering is the fitting cross for the exact centering of the glass in front of the eye or the socket.

• - The "horizontal glass" (see above) can comprise two horizontal broken lines temporal / nasal. Preferably, a specific product engraving in the form of one or more circles or diamonds is arranged between the lines.

In addition, a stamped marking may include a prism reference point B _P , which preferably coincides with the zero point (see above).

The stamped mark may also include a circle around the near reference point B _N. The near reference point, ie the center of the circle, may be offset by about 14 mm down and about 25 mm nasally from the origin. By way of example, this is a measuring auxiliary point in order, if necessary, to be able to check the proximity at the vertex-value measuring device (also referred to as "SBM"). The real lateral offset of the near-vision point may differ depending on the variable inset.

• – Zwei "Bildaufnahmeeinrichtungen" sind beispielsweise zwei digitale Kameras, welche getrennt voneinander positioniert sind. Es ist möglich, daß eine Bildaufnahmeeinrichtung vorzugsweise eine digitale Kamera und zumindest ein optisches Umlenkelement bzw. -spiegel umfaßt, wobei Bilddaten eines Teilbereichs eines Kopfes mit der Kamera mittels des Umlenkspiegels aufgezeichnet bzw. erzeugt werden. Zwei Bildaufnahmeeinrichtungen umfassen daher in gleicher Weise beispielsweise zwei insbesondere digitale Kameras und zumindest zwei Umlenkelemente bzw. -spiegel, wobei jeweils eine digitale Kamera und zumindest ein Umlenkspiegel eine Bildaufnahmeeinrichtung darstellen. Weiterhin vorzugsweise können zwei Bildaufnahmeeinrichtungen auch aus genau einer digitalen Kamera und zwei Umlenkelementen bzw. -spiegeln bestehen, wobei Bilddaten mittels der digitalen Kamera zeitversetzt aufgezeichnet bzw. erzeugt werden. Beispielsweise werden zu einem ersten Zeitpunkt Bilddaten erzeugt, wobei ein Teilbereich eines Kopfes mittels des einen Umlenkspiegels abgebildet wird, und zu einem zweiten Zeitpunkt Bilddaten erzeugt, welche den Teilbereich des Kopfes mittels des anderen Umlenkspiegels abbilden. Ferner kann die Kamera auch derart angeordnet sein, daß an dem ersten bzw. dem zweiten Zeitpunkt von der Kamera Bilddaten erzeugt werden, wobei kein Umlenkspiegel notwendig bzw. zwischen der Kamera und dem Kopf angeordnet ist. Die beiden Bildaufnahmeeinrichtungen können unter verschiedenen Aufnahmerichtungen Bilddaten erzeugen.
• – Die Begriffe "Bilddaten" und "Bild" bzw. "Bilder" werden synonym verwendet.
• – Unter zwei unterschiedlichen bzw. verschiedenen "Aufnahmerichtungen" wird verstanden, daß von überlappenden Teilbereichen des Kopfes, vorzugsweise von ein und demselben Teilbereich des Kopfes, verschiedene Bilddaten erzeugt werden, insbesondere, daß Bilddaten bzw. Vergleichsbilddaten von identischen Teilbereichen des Kopfes des Benutzers unter verschiedenen perspektivischen Ansichten erzeugt werden. Folglich wird zwar derselbe Teilbereich des Kopfes abgebildet, die Bilddaten bzw. Vergleichsbilddaten unterscheiden sich jedoch. Unterschiedliche Aufnahmerichtungen können beispielsweise auch dadurch erreicht werden, daß die Bilddaten von zumindest zwei Bildaufnahmeeinrichtungen erzeugt werden, wobei effektive optische Achsen der zumindest zwei Bildaufnahmeeinrichtungen nicht parallel sind.
• – Unter einer Bemaßung im Kastenmaß wird das Maßsystem verstanden, wie es in einschlägigen Normen, beispielsweise in der DIN EN ISO 8624 und/oder der DIN EN ISO 1366 DIN und/oder der DIN 58 208 und/oder der DIN 5340 , beschrieben wird. Ferner wird hinsichtlich des Kastenmaßes und weiterer verwendeter herkömmlicher Begriffe und Parameter auf das Buch "Die Optik des Auges und der Sehhilfen" von Dr. Roland Enders, 1995 Optische Fachveröffentlichung GmbH, Heidelberg , sowie das Buch "Optik und Technik der Brille" von Heinz Diepes und Ralf Blendowske, 2002 Verlag Optische Fachveröffentlichungen GmbH, Heidelberg , verwiesen. Ebenso wird auch auf die Broschüre "inform fachberatung für die augenoptik" PR-Schriftenreihe des ZVA für den Augenoptiker, Heft 9, "Brillenzentrierung", ISBN 3-922269-23-0, 1998 verwiesen, in welcher das Kastenmaß insbesondere in 5 und 6 beispielhaft dargestellt ist. Weiterhin wird auch auf das Buch "Brillenanpassung Ein Schulbuch und Leitfaden" von Wolfgang Schulz und Johannes Eber 1997, DOZ-Verlag, herausgegeben vom Zentralverband der Augenoptiker, Düsseldorf, ISBN 3-922269-21-4 verwiesen, insbesondere auf Punkte 1.3, 1.4. und 1.5 und die zugehörigen Abbildungen. Die Normen, die genannte Broschüre sowie die genannten Bücher stellen für die Begriffsdefinitionen insoweit einen integralen Offenbarungsbestandteil der vorliegenden Anmeldung dar.

Furthermore, the stamped markings may have further or additional markings, for example a schematic eye, in particular to mark the distance reference point, plus and minus signs, points to mark the near reference point, etc.

• Two "image recording devices" are, for example, two digital cameras, which are positioned separately from one another. It is possible that an image pickup device preferably comprises a digital camera and at least one optical deflection element or mirror, image data of a partial region of a head being recorded or generated by the camera by means of the deflection mirror. Two image recording devices therefore include in the same way, for example, two in particular digital cameras and at least two deflecting elements or mirrors, each representing a digital camera and at least one deflection mirror an image pickup device. Furthermore, two image recording devices can also consist of exactly one digital camera and two deflecting elements or mirrors, with image data being recorded or generated with a time offset by means of the digital camera. For example, image data is generated at a first point in time, wherein a partial area of a head is imaged by means of the one deflection mirror, and at a second time point generates image data which images the partial area of the head by means of the other deflection level. Furthermore, the camera can also be arranged in such a way that image data are generated by the camera at the first and the second time, wherein no deflection mirror is necessary or arranged between the camera and the head. The two image recording devices can generate image data under various recording directions.
• - The terms "image data" and "image" or "images" are used synonymously.
• Under two different "recording directions" is understood that of overlapping portions of the head, preferably from one and the same portion of the head, different image data are generated, in particular, that image data or comparison image data of identical portions of the user's head under different perspective views are generated. Consequently, although the same portion of the head is displayed, the image data and comparison image data, however, are different. Different recording directions can also be achieved, for example, by generating the image data from at least two image recording devices, wherein effective optical axes of the at least two image recording devices are not parallel.
• - Dimensioning in box size is understood to mean the system of measurement as defined in relevant standards, for example in the DIN EN ISO 8624 and / or the DIN EN ISO 1366 DIN and / or the DIN 58 208 and / or the DIN 5340 , is described. Further, in terms of case size and other conventional terms and parameters used, the book is referred to "The Optics of the Eye and the Visual Aids" by Dr. med. Roland Enders, 1995 Optical Publishing GmbH, Heidelberg , as well as the book "Optics and Technology of Glasses" by Heinz Diepes and Ralf Blendowske, 2002 Publisher Optical Publications GmbH, Heidelberg , referenced. The same applies to the brochure "inform expert consultation for the optics" PR series of the ZVA for the optician, number 9, "Brillenzentrierung", ISBN 3-922269-23-0, 1998 referenced, in which the Kastenmaß particular in 5 and 6 is shown by way of example. Furthermore, it is also on the book "Glasses adaptation a textbook and guide" by Wolfgang Schulz and Johannes Eber 1997, DOZ-Verlag, edited by the Central Association of Optometrists, Dusseldorf, ISBN 3-922269-21-4 referred to in particular points 1.3, 1.4. and 1.5 and the associated Illustrations. The standards, the said booklet and the said books constitute an integral part of the disclosure of the present application for the definitions of terms.

The limitation to a dimension in the box dimension includes, for example, sizing points for an eye or both eyes, which are farthest out or inside and / or up or down. These detection points are conventionally determined by means of tangents to the spectacle frame or the respective areas of the spectacle frame assigned to the respective eyes (cf. DIN 58 208 ; Picture 3).

• – Der "Haltepunkt" für die Scheibenebene wird folgendermaßen genähert: Ausgangspunkt ist die Mitte des Vektors zwischen dem oberen und dem unteren Punkt. Anschließend wird horizontal entlang dem Vektor zwischen nasalem Punkt und temporalen Punkt in der Mitte der Scheibe (genähert durch die x-Koordinate) gefolgt. Das Kreuzprodukt aus dem Vektor zwischen den Mitten der Scheibenebenen beider Seiten und dem Mittelwert der beiden Vektoren aus oberem und unterem Fassungspunkt bestimmt die Normale der Fassungsebene. Haltepunkt ist eine der Scheibenmitten.

In particular, the box dimension is a rectangle in the pane plane circumscribing a spectacle lens. According to the above-mentioned standards, to determine the slice plane, it is assumed mathematically from a plane with the normal vector of the cross-product of center-parallel / -horizontal of the box. As an approximation, the slice plane normal can be determined from the cross product of the vector between the nasal point and the temporal point and the vector between the top and bottom points of the rim of the glass. Advantageously, the pretilt and the mounting disk angle best correspond to the view through situation here.

• - The "breakpoint" for the slice plane is approximated as follows: Starting point is the middle of the vector between the top and the bottom point. It is then followed horizontally along the vector between the nasal point and the temporal point in the center of the slice (approximated by the x coordinate). The cross product of the vector between the centers of the slice planes of both sides and the mean of the two vectors of upper and lower frame points determines the normal of the frame plane. Breakpoint is one of the disk centers.

The Box dimension is called vertical projection of the disk edge determined on the disk level. The socket angle can now even for each page as the angle between each Disc level and the socket level are determined.

• – Die "Pupillendistanz" entspricht im wesentlichen dem Abstand der Pupillenmitten, insbesondere in Nullblickrichtung.
• – Die "Nullblickrichtung" ist eine Blickrichtung geradeaus bei parallelen Fixierlinien. In anderen Worten handelt es sich um eine Blickrichtung, welche durch eine Stellung des Auges relativ zum Kopf des Benutzers definiert ist, wobei die Augen ein Objekt anblicken, das sich in Augenhöhe befindet und an einem unendlich fernen Punkt angeordnet ist. Folglich ist die Nullblickrichtung lediglich durch die Stellung der Augen relativ zum Kopf des Benutzers bestimmt. Befindet sich der Kopf des Benutzers in einer normalen aufrechten Haltung, so entspricht die Nullblickrichtung im wesentlichen der Horizontalrichtung im Bezugssystem der Erde. Die Nullblickrichtung kann aber zu der Horizontalrichtung im Bezugssystem der Erde gekippt sein, falls beispielsweise der Benutzer seinen Kopf, ohne weitere Bewegung der Augen, nach vorne oder zur Seite neigt. Analog wird durch die Nullblickrichtung beider Augen eine Ebene aufgespannt, welche im Bezugssystem der Erde im wesentlichen parallel zur Horizontalebene ist. Die Ebene, welche durch die beiden Nullblickrichtungen der beiden Augen aufgespannt wird, kann ebenfalls zu der Horizontalebene im Bezugssystem der Erde geneigt sein, falls beispielsweise der Benutzer den Kopf vorne oder zur Seite neigt.

In other words, the normal of the slice plane from the cross product of the vector between the nasal and the temporal intersection of a horizontal plane through the straight line of the zero direction with the respective edge of the glass to the frame and the vector between the upper and the lower intersection of a vertical plane through the Just zero sight direction with the respective edge of the glass to determine the version.

• The "pupillary distance" corresponds essentially to the distance of the pupil centers, in particular in the zero viewing direction.
• - The "Nullblickrichtung" is a line of sight straight at parallel Fixierlinien. In other words, it is a viewing direction defined by a position of the eye relative to the head of the user, the eyes looking at an object that is at eye level and located at an infinitely distant point. Consequently, the zero-sighting direction is determined solely by the position of the eyes relative to the head of the user. When the user's head is in a normal upright posture, the zero direction of view is substantially the horizontal direction in the reference frame of the earth. The zero-sighting direction, however, may be tilted to the horizontal direction in the reference frame of the earth, for example, if the user tilts his head forward or sideways without further movement of the eyes. Analogously, a plane is spanned by the zero direction of both eyes, which is in the frame of reference of the earth substantially parallel to the horizontal plane. The plane spanned by the two null directions of the two eyes may also be inclined to the horizontal plane in the frame of reference of the earth, for example, if the user tilts the head forward or to the side.

• – Der Augendrehpunkt eines Auges ist der Punkt des Auges, der bei einer Bewegung des Auges, bei festgelegter Kopfhaltung, beispielsweise einer Blicksenkung oder Blickhebung durch Rotation des Auges im wesentlichen in Ruhe bleibt. Der Augendrehpunkt ist somit im wesentlichen das Rotationszentrum des Auges.
• – Effektive optische Achsen der Bildaufnahmeeinrichtungen sind diejenigen Bereiche von Linien, welche von dem Mittelpunkt der jeweiligen Aperturen der Bildaufnahmeeinrichtungen senkrecht zu diesen Aperturen ausgehen und den abgebildeten Teilbereich des Kopfes des Benutzers schneiden. In anderen Worten handelt es sich bei den effektiven optischen Achsen insbesondere um die optischen Achsen der Bildaufnahmeeinrichtungen, wobei diese optischen Achsen herkömmlicherweise senkrecht zu einem Linsensystem der Bildaufnahmeeinrichtungen angeordnet sind und vom Zentrum des Linsensystems ausgehen. Befinden sich im Strahlengang der Bildaufnahmeeinrichtungen keine weiteren optischen Elemente, wie beispielsweise Umlenkspiegel oder Prismen, so entspricht die effektive optische Achse im wesentlichen der optischen Achse der Bildaufnahmeeinrichtung. Sind jedoch im Strahlengang der Bildaufnahmeeinrichtung weitere optische Elemente, beispielsweise ein oder mehrere Umlenkspiegel, angeordnet, entspricht die effektive optische Achse nicht mehr der optischen Achse der Bildaufnahmeeinrichtung, wie sie von der Bildaufnahmeeinrichtung ausgeht.

Preferably, the horizontal plane of the user corresponds to a first plane and the vertical plane of the user corresponds to a second plane which is perpendicular to the first plane. For example, the horizontal plane in the user's frame of reference may be parallel to a horizontal plane in the frame of reference of the earth and may pass only through the center of a pupil. This is the case in particular if the two eyes of the user are arranged, for example, at different heights (in the frame of reference of the earth).

• - The eye pivot point of an eye is the point of the eye, which remains essentially at rest during a movement of the eye, with a fixed head posture, for example, a lowering or eye lifting by rotation of the eye. The eye pivot is thus essentially the center of rotation of the eye.
• Effective optical axes of the image pickup devices are those regions of lines which emanate from the center of the respective apertures of the image pickup devices perpendicular to these apertures and intersect the imaged subarea of the user's head. In other words, the effective optical axes are, in particular, the optical axes of the image recording devices, these optical axes conventionally being perpendicular to a lens system are arranged of the image pickup devices and emanate from the center of the lens system. If there are no further optical elements in the beam path of the image recording devices, such as deflecting mirrors or prisms, the effective optical axis essentially corresponds to the optical axis of the image recording device. However, if further optical elements, for example one or more deflecting mirrors, are arranged in the beam path of the image recording device, the effective optical axis no longer corresponds to the optical axis of the image recording device, as emanates from the image recording device.

• – Der Begriff "beinahe schneiden" bedeutet, daß die effektiven optischen Achsen einen kleinsten Abstand von weniger als etwa 10 cm, bevorzugt weniger als etwa 5 cm, besonders bevorzugt weniger als etwa 1 cm aufweisen. Zumindest beinahe schneiden bedeutet daher, daß sich die effektiven Achsen schneiden oder sich beinahe schneiden.
• – Eine "Musterprojektionseinrichtung" ist beispielsweise ein herkömmlicher Projektor wie beispielsweise ein handelsüblicher Beamer. Die projizierten Musterdaten sind beispielsweise ein Streifenmuster bzw. ein binäres Sinusmuster. Die Musterdaten werden auf zumindest einen Teilbereich des Kopfes des Benutzers projiziert und mittels der Bildaufnahmeeinrichtung werden Bilddaten und/oder Vergleichsbilddaten davon erzeugt. Von dem so beleuchteten Teilbereich des Kopfes des Benutzers werden unter einem Triangulationswinkel von der Bildaufnahmeeinrichtung Bilddaten und/oder Vergleichsbilddaten erzeugt. Der Triangulationswinkel entspricht dem Winkel zwischen einer effektiven optischen Achse der Bildaufnahmeeinrichtung und einem Projektionswinkel der Musterprojektionseinrichtung. Höhendifferenzen des Teilbereichs des Kopfes entsprechen lateralen Verschiebungen beispielsweise der Streifen des Streifenmusters als bevorzugte Musterdaten. Vorzugsweise wird bei der phasenmessenden Triangualtion das sogenannte Phasen-Schiebe-Verfahren verwendet, wobei auf Teilbereich des Kopfes ein periodisches, in der Intensitätsverteilung näherungsweise sinusförmiges Wellenmuster projiziert wird und das Wellenmuster schrittweise in dem Projektor bewegt. Während der Bewegung des Wellenmusters werden von der Intensitätsverteilung (und dem Teilbereich des Kopfes) während einer Periode vorzugsweise zumindest dreimal Bilddaten und/oder Vergleichsbilddaten erzeugt. Aus den erzeugten Bilddaten und/oder Vergleichsbilddaten kann auf die Intensitätsverteilung rück geschlossen werden und eine Phasenlage der Bildpunkte zueinander bestimmt werden, wobei Punkte auf der Oberfläche des Teilbereichs des Kopfes entsprechend ihrer Entfernung von der Bildaufnahmeeinrichtung einer bestimmten Phasenlage zugeordnet sind. Weiterhin wird auf die Zulassungsarbeit mit dem Titel "Phasenmessende Deflektometrie (PMD) – ein hochgenaues Verfahren zur Vermessung von Oberflächen" von Rainer Seßner, März 2000 , verwiesen, welche für weitere Begriffsdefinitionen insoweit einen integralen Offenbarungsbestandteil der vorliegenden Anmeldung dar stellt.
• – Die Begriffe "elektromagnetische Strahlung" und "Licht" werden synonym verwendet.
• – Der Begriff "im wesentlichen" kann eine geringfügige Abweichung von einem Sollwert beschreiben, insbesondere eine Abweichung im Rahmen der Herstellungsgenauigkeit und/oder im Rahmen der notwendigen Genauigkeit, so daß ein Effekt beibehalten wird, wie er bei dem Sollwert vorhanden ist. Der Begriff "im wesentlichen" kann daher eine Abweichung von weniger als etwa 30%, weniger als etwa 20%, weniger als etwa 10%, weniger als etwa 5%, weniger als etwa 2%, bevorzugt weniger als etwa 1% von einem Sollwert bzw. Sollposition, usw. beinhalten. Der Begriff "im wesentlichen" umfaßt den Begriff "identisch", d. h. ohne Abweichung von einem Sollwert, einer Sollposition usw. sein.
• – Der Begriff "polarisiertes Licht" beschreibt beispielsweise ein Bündel von Lichtstrahlen ausschließlich aus annähernd gleich ausgerichteten Wellen, wobei Licht eine elektromagnetische Transversalwelle ist, d. h. die Welle schwingt senkrecht zur Ausbreitungsrichtung, wobei die Richtung des Schwingens für jeden einzelnen "Teilstrahl" (für jedes Photon) verschieden ist. Diese Eigenschaft wird als Polarisation bezeichnet. Somit ist Polarisation eine Eigenschaft von Transversalwellen, die die Richtung des Amplitudenvektors der Transversalwelle beschreibt. Bei Longitudinalwellen kann kein Polarisationsphänomen auftreten, da die Schwingung in Ausbreitungsrichtung erfolgt. Eine Transversalwelle ist durch zwei Richtungen charakterisiert: Den Wellenvektor, der in Ausbreitungsrichtung zeigt, und den Amplitudenvektor, der bei Transversalwellen immer senkrecht auf den Wellenvektor steht. Das läßt jedoch im dreidimensionalen Raum noch einen Freiheitsgrad offen, nämlich die Rotation um den Wellenvektor. Es werden drei Arten von Polarisation unterschieden, die durch Richtung und Betrag des Amplitudenvektors in einem festen Raumpunkt beschrieben werden können. Es können drei Arten von polarisiertem Licht unterschieden werden, linear polarisiertes Licht, zirkular polarisiertes Licht und elliptisch polarisiertes Licht. Bei linear polarisiertem Licht zeigt der Amplitudenvektor immer in eine feste Richtung und die Auslenkung ändert bei Voranschreiten der Welle ihren Betrag und ihr Vorzeichen periodisch (mit fester Amplitude). Wird linear polarisiertes Licht beispielsweise durch Reflexion erzeugt und/oder wird linear polarisiertes Licht reflektiert, kann je nach Einfallswinkel die dadurch verursachte Drehung der Polarisationsrichtung unterschiedlich stark ausfallen bzw. ganz verschwinden.

In other words, the effective optical axis is that region of an optionally multiply optically deflected optical axis of an image recording device which intersects the head of the user without changing the direction. The optical axis of the image pickup device corresponds to a line extending from a center of an aperture of the image pickup device at a right angle to a plane including the aperture of the image pickup device, wherein the optical axis direction of the image pickup device is controlled by optical elements such as mirrors and / or prisms, is changeable. The effective optical axes of two image pickup devices can almost intersect.

• The term "nearly intersecting" means that the effective optical axes have a minimum distance of less than about 10 cm, preferably less than about 5 cm, more preferably less than about 1 cm. Cutting at least almost means therefore that the effective axes intersect or almost intersect.
• - A "pattern projection device" is for example a conventional projector such as a commercially available projector. The projected pattern data is, for example, a stripe pattern or a binary sine pattern. The pattern data is projected onto at least a portion of the user's head, and image data and / or comparison image data are generated therefrom by means of the image recording device. From the thus illuminated portion of the head of the user image data and / or comparison image data are generated at a triangulation angle of the image pickup device. The triangulation angle corresponds to the angle between an effective optical axis of the image pickup device and a projection angle of the pattern projection device. Height differences of the portion of the head correspond to lateral displacements of, for example, the stripes of the stripe pattern as preferred pattern data. Preferably, in the phase-measuring Triangualtion the so-called phase-shift method is used, wherein on part of the head periodic, in the intensity distribution approximately sinusoidal wave pattern is projected and the wave pattern moves stepwise in the projector. During the movement of the wave pattern, image data and / or comparison image data are preferably generated from the intensity distribution (and the partial area of the head) during a period at least three times. The intensity distribution can be deduced from the generated image data and / or comparison image data, and a phase angle of the pixels relative to one another can be determined, wherein points on the surface of the subregion of the head are assigned to a specific phase position in accordance with their distance from the image recording device. Continue to the admission work with the title "Phase-Measuring Deflectometry (PMD) - A High-Precision Method for Measuring Surfaces" by Rainer Sessner, March 2000 , which is an integral part of the disclosure of the present application for further definitions of terms.
• - The terms "electromagnetic radiation" and "light" are used synonymously.
• The term "essentially" may describe a slight deviation from a nominal value, in particular a deviation within the manufacturing accuracy and / or in the context of the necessary accuracy, so that an effect is maintained, as it is present at the nominal value. The term "substantially" may therefore include a deviation of less than about 30%, less than about 20%, less than about 10%, less than about 5%, less than about 2%, preferably less than about 1% of a target value or set position, etc. include. The term "substantially" includes the term "identical", ie without deviation from a setpoint, a desired position, etc.
• The term "polarized light" describes, for example, a bundle of light rays exclusively from approximately equally aligned waves, where light is a transverse electromagnetic wave, ie, the wave oscillates perpendicular to the propagation direction, the direction of the oscillation for each "sub-beam" (for each photon ) is different. This property is called polarization. Thus, polarization is a property of transverse waves that describes the direction of the amplitude vector of the transverse wave. In the case of longitudinal waves, no polarization phenomenon can occur, since the oscillation takes place in the propagation direction. A transverse wave is characterized by two directions: the wave vector, which points in the propagation direction, and the amplitude vector, which always stands perpendicular to the wave vector in transverse waves. That leaves, however in three-dimensional space one more degree of freedom is open, namely the rotation around the wave vector. There are three types of polarization, which can be described by the direction and magnitude of the amplitude vector in a fixed point in space. Three types of polarized light can be distinguished, linearly polarized light, circularly polarized light and elliptically polarized light. With linearly polarized light, the amplitude vector always points in a fixed direction and the displacement changes its magnitude and sign periodically (with fixed amplitude) as the wave progresses. If linearly polarized light is generated for example by reflection and / or linearly polarized light is reflected, depending on the angle of incidence, the rotation of the polarization direction caused thereby can vary or disappear completely.

at circularly polarized light (also called rotating polarization) the amplitude vector rotates as the shaft progresses constant angular velocity around the wave vector and changes not his amount. Rotated in elliptically polarized light the amplitude vector around the wave vector and changes periodically the amount. The top of the field vector describes one Ellipse.

linear and circular polarization can also be considered borderline cases the elliptical polarization, vice versa but can also be any elliptical polarization as a superposition of a linear and a circular polarized one Describe wave.

penetrates Light a "linear polarizing filter", can only light pass the polarizing filter, which is in the polarization plane of the filter, d. H. parallel to the direction of polarization of the polarizing filter. Light, the other polarization direction (s) is absorbed by the polarizing filter. As a result, is the light leaving the polarizing filter, always polarized.

One polarized light beam can be a polarizing filter whose Polarization direction at right angles to the polarization direction the beam is standing, essentially not penetrate.

polarized Light can be generated by polarization of non-polarized light become. Non-polarized light can be obtained by the following four methods polarization: absorption, reflection, scattering and / or birefringence, being non-polarized light from an incoherent overlay of many Single waves, whose polarization states preferably statistically distributed.

With a linear polarizer, z. B. a polarizing film can selected from statistically polarized light wave trains such which vibrate only in a certain vibration level. Preferably For example, a linear polarizer can be a plastic sheet of elongated Molecules include, for example, by clamping in parallel be directed.

are in the case of two polarizing filters connected in series, the molecular axes parallel, so can the polarized light after passing through the first polarization filter (called polarizer) and the second Polarizing filter (called analyzer) penetrate. Are the Molecular axes perpendicular to each other, that of the polarizer incoming polarized light is absorbed by the analyzer.

falls a light wave train, obliquely to the forward direction, d. H. Polarization direction of the polarizing filter oscillates this, only that component goes through the polarizing filter, the oscillates parallel to the polarization direction. The perpendicular to Polarization direction oscillating component is absorbed.

• – Der Begriff "Reflex" beschreibt im wesentlichen eine Abbildung von reflektiertem Licht. In anderen Worten beschreibt ein Reflex eine Abbildung von Licht in einem Bild, wobei die Abbildung dem das Licht ausstrahlenden Objekt entspricht und nicht dem Objekt, an dem das Licht reflektiert wird. Ein Reflex kann beispielsweise die Abbildung einer Lichtquelle sein, die an einer Oberfläche eines Objekts reflektiert wird. Wird beispielsweise eine Lichtquelle an einem Objekt, wie einer Hautfläche eines Kopfes eines Probanden reflektiert, wird in einem Bild des Kopfes des Probanden zusätzlich zu der Hautfläche die Lichtquelle abgebildet. Hierbei ist es nicht notwendig, daß die Lichtquelle erkennbar abgebildet wird. Vielmehr kann ein Reflex ein heller Bereich sein, zum Beispiel wenn der Reflex so hell ist, daß das Bild überbelichtet ist. Somit ist beispielsweise der Bereich des Kopfes nicht mehr erkennbar, da der Bereich des Kopfes durch Licht geringerer Intensität dargestellt wird, im Vergleich zu der Intensität des Reflexes. Ein Reflex in Sinne dieser Anmeldung kann auch ein direktes Abbild einer Lichtquelle sein, wenn zum Beispiel eine Lichtquelle derart angeordnet ist, daß das Licht der Lichtquelle direkt auf eine Einlaßapertur einer Bildaufnahmeeinrichtung trifft.

Polarized light can also be generated directly by means of a corresponding light source, for example by means of a laser.

• The term "reflex" essentially describes an image of reflected light. In other words, a reflection describes an image of light in an image, the image corresponding to the object emitting the light and not the object to which the light is reflected. A reflection may, for example, be the image of a light source that is reflected on a surface of an object. For example, when a light source is reflected on an object such as a skin surface of a subject's head, the light source is imaged in an image of the subject's head in addition to the skin surface. It is not necessary that the light source is displayed recognizable. Rather, a reflex can be a bright area, for example if the reflex is so bright that the image is overexposed. Thus, for example, the area of the head is no longer recognizable because the area of the head is represented by lower intensity light compared to the intensity of the reflex. A reflex in the sense of this application may also be a direct image of a light source when, for example, a light source is arranged such that the light from the light source directly strikes an inlet aperture of an image pickup device.

In the reflection and refraction of light, the polarization is basically preserved. For the component of radiation whose polarization in is the incidence or breaking plane, however, different reflection and transmission coefficients apply than for the component whose polarization direction is orthogonal thereto. (Thus, it is known that only radiation whose electric field is orthogonal to the plane of incidence is reflected under the Brewster angle.) Naturally, these depend on the geometry (ie the angle of incidence) and the properties of the materials used. As a result, reflection and refraction may well cause the direction of polarization to rotate.

• – Der Begriff "primärer Reflex" beschreibt zum Beispiel Reflexe an den Stützscheiben, der Fassung, der (auch glänzenden) Haut des Probanden und/oder Reflexe an Geräteteilen. Primäre Reflexe sind direkte Reflexe, bei denen im Strahlengang lediglich die beobachteten Reflexe auftreten, d. h. die Reflexe, die in herkömmlichen Bilddaten, d. h. Bilddaten ohne Bildaufnahmeeinrichtung gemäß der vorliegenden Erfindung, abgebildet werden.
• – Der Begriff "sekundärer Reflex" beschreibt einen Reflex, bei dem im Strahlengang neben der beobachtenden Reflexion noch weitere Effekte auftreten, wie zusätzliche vor- oder nachgelagerte Reflexionen, Brechungen an Mediengrenzen oder der Durchgang durch Materialien, die auch optisch aktiv oder doppelbrechend sein können. Sekundäre und primäre Reflexe können eine im wesentlichen identische Polarisationsrichtung aufweisen. Die Polarisationsrichtungen von sekundären und primären Reflexen können auch verschieden sein.

In scattering processes, however, the polarization is destroyed. Even with illumination with fully polarized light, all polarization directions are thus statistically distributed again in the radiated light.

• - The term "primary reflex" describes, for example, reflexes on the support discs, the frame, the (even shiny) skin of the subject and / or reflexes on parts of the device. Primary reflections are direct reflections in which only the observed reflections occur in the beam path, ie the reflections which are imaged in conventional image data, ie image data without an image recording device according to the present invention.
• The term "secondary reflex" describes a reflex in which additional effects occur in addition to the observed reflection in the beam path, such as additional upstream or downstream reflections, refractions at media boundaries or the passage through materials which may also be optically active or birefringent. Secondary and primary reflections may have a substantially identical direction of polarization. The polarization directions of secondary and primary reflections can also be different.

reflexes can on the support disks, the socket, the (also shiny) skin of the subject as well as on device parts to be available.

Device according to a aspect

• – zumindest einer ersten Beleuchtungseinrichtung, wobei die erste Beleuchtungseinrichtung ausgelegt ist, im wesentlichen vollständig polarisiertes Licht derart auszusenden, daß in Gebrauchsstellung ein Kopf eines Probanden zumindest teilweise von dem polarisiertem Licht beleuchtet wird,
• – zumindest einer ersten Bildaufnahmeeinrichtung, wobei die erste Bildaufnahmeeinrichtung ausgelegt ist, in Gebrauchsstellung Bilddaten zumindest von Teilbereichen des Kopfes des Probanden zu erzeugen und wobei die erste Bildaufnahmeeinrichtung derart ausgelegt ist, daß in den erzeugten Bilddaten polarisiertes Licht zumindest teilweise geschwächt abgebildet ist,
• – einer Datenverarbeitungseinrichtung, welche ausgelegt ist, mittels der erzeugten Bilddaten Benutzerdaten, insbesondere Individualparameter des Probanden zu bestimmen und mit
• – einer Datenausgabeeinrichtung, welche ausgelegt ist, die Bilddaten und/oder Benutzerdaten auszugeben.

One aspect of the present invention relates to a device, in particular for determining individual parameters of a subject, ie in particular of a user of the device, with

• At least a first illumination device, wherein the first illumination device is designed to emit substantially completely polarized light such that in the position of use a head of a subject is at least partially illuminated by the polarized light,
• At least a first image recording device, the first image recording device being designed to generate image data in at least partial regions of the subject's head and the first image recording device being designed such that polarized light is at least partially attenuated in the generated image data,
• - A data processing device which is designed to determine by means of the generated image data user data, in particular individual parameters of the subject and with
• A data output device which is designed to output the image data and / or user data.

Preferably the lighting device is designed to be parallel to a first one Illumination polarization direction BPR substantially complete send out linearly polarized light so that in the position of use a subject's head at least partially polarized Light, d. H. especially illuminated by the linearly polarized light becomes.

Farther Preferably, the first image recording device is designed in Use position image data at least of partial areas of the head of the To generate subjects, wherein the first image pickup device in such a way is designed so that in the generated image data linearly polarized Light different from a first recording polarization direction APR is polarized, at least partially weakened is.

• – Pupillendistanz;
• – monokularer Pupillenabstand;
• – Hornhautscheitelabstand nach Bezugspunktforderung und/oder nach Augendrehpunktforderung;
• – monokularer Zentrierpunktabstand;
• – Zentrierpunktkoordinaten;
• – Scheibenabstand;
• – Dezentration des Zentrierpunktes;
• – Scheibenhöhe und -breite;
• – Scheibenmittenabstand;
• – Brillenglasvorneigung;
• – Fassungsscheibenwinkel;
• – Einschleifhöhe.

The individual parameters of the subject include in particular:

• - pupillary distance;
• - Monocular pupillary distance;
• - Corneal vertex distance according to reference point requirement and / or after eye pivot point request;
• - monocular centering point distance;
• - Center point coordinates;
• - disc distance;
• - Decentration of the centering point;
• - disc height and width;
• - disc center distance;
• - spectacle lens tilt;
• - frame angle;
• - grinding height.

In other words, the image pickup device is designed so that light that is reflected from the head of the subject is not or only partially imaged. Light scattered by the subject's head is imaged in the image data. Thus, according to the present invention, it can advantageously be avoided that disturbing reflections in the image data occur during illumination of the subject for determining the aforementioned parameters of the subject or that these reflections are weakened. On the one hand, this can be advantageous for aesthetic reasons, since the Image of the subject is not disturbed due to reflexes. On the other hand, reflections also reduce the information content of the image data, since no information of the head (with or without glasses arranged thereon) can be taken from the regions in which reflections are imaged. Thus, the information content of the image data is advantageously increased compared to a conventional image.

advantageously, is the quality improvement device described above the images or image data with one or more illumination devices, especially lightning equipped. Light of the lighting device may be on the lenses and / or on the face of the subject Create reflexes that can not always be avoided. These reflexes can by means of the aforementioned lighting device in cooperation with the image recording device at least partially be weakened.

advantageously, Thus, the aesthetics of the images or images is increased, the z. B. to be used in sales because bright spots reduced in the face, reflexes on the glasses of the glasses, etc., especially avoided. Further advantageously a metrological evaluation, in particular an automatic metrological evaluation facilitates because disturbing Reflexes z. B. in front of the pupils or the iris which reduces, in particular avoided become.

Consequently it is advantageously possible reflections in the image data to reduce, in particular, to avoid without the Lighting device must be positioned in places where no or at least no metrological disturbing Reflexes are generated. Therefore, an arrangement is particularly advantageous the lighting device (s) possible the one under - aesthetic and optimal technical aspects - illumination of the Subjects allowed. Furthermore, advantageously the device therefore be made compact, since the image pickup device (s) positioned close to each other and close to the illumination device (s) could be.

consequently is it possible for one or more individual parameters be determined as user data. It is not necessary to output the user data become. Rather, it is possible that only the image data are output and the device for spectacle or Eyewear consulting is used. For example, the Data output device include a printer and the image data output by the printer. Additionally or alternatively, the user data can be read by means of the printer be issued. It is possible that in the Image data also contain the user data. Thus, you can Image data of the subject can be generated - even with a unglazed, glazed or with support discs provided glasses. The image data can be displayed on a display and / or printed and / or electronically stored and / or shipped become. Thus, the subject is advantageously able to his If necessary, see the head with his prescription glasses and if necessary To show to third parties. Further, in the image data, various Simulations, z. B. various glass tints, qualities, coatings, surfaces and shapes as well as (others) Versions are presented.

Especially Advantageously, the lighting device can also in one Device with more than two image pickup devices used without being affected by the positions of the image pickup devices must be deviated, which are necessary to a stereo image to create.

The polarized light of the lighting device can be linear, circular or elliptically polarized light. Accordingly, that can at least partially weakened in the generated image data imaged polarized light linear, circular or elliptically polarized Be light.

advantageously, can thus also large-scale lighting devices in particular be used with extended light sources, which a most aesthetic lighting of the head allow, as large-scale lighting equipment "soft Light "generate those with large-scale lighting devices associated big reflexes can be diminished, especially avoided altogether.

Preferred embodiments the device

• – die erste Beleuchtungseinrichtung ausgelegt, parallel zu einer ersten Beleuchtungspolarisationsrichtung BPR im wesentlichen vollständig linear polarisiertes Licht derart auszusenden, daß in Gebrauchsstellung ein Kopf eines Probanden zumindest teilweise von dem linear polarisierten Licht beleuchtet wird und ist
• – die erste Bildaufnahmeeinrichtung derart ausgelegt ist, daß in den erzeugten Bilddaten linear polarisiertes Licht, das zu einer ersten Aufnahmepolarisationsrichtung verschieden polarisiert ist, zumindest teilweise geschwächt abgebildet ist.

Preferably

• The first illumination device is designed to emit essentially completely linearly polarized light parallel to a first illumination polarization direction BPR such that in the position of use a head of a subject is at least partially illuminated by the linearly polarized light
• - The first image pickup device is designed such that in the generated image data linearly polarized light, which is polarized differently to a first Aufnahmepolarisationsrichtung, at least partially weakened.

In In other words, the first image pickup device and the illumination device designed so that in the generated image data at least a primary reflection of the reflected light and at least a secondary reflection of the reflected light at least partially weakened.

Preferably the first image recording device is designed such that in the generated image data at least one primary reflex of reflected light and / or at least one secondary Reflected reflection of the reflected light at least partially weakened is or are. Alternatively or additionally, the first one Image recording device preferably designed such that in the generated image data at least one primary reflex of reflected light on the subject and / or at least one secondary reflex at least partially weakened by light reflected on the subject is shown or are.

According to the invention was advantageously recognized, the Beleuchtpolpolarisationsrichtung and the recording polarization direction relative to each other to align that at least one secondary Reflex is suppressed. The choice of the absolute location of this Polarization directions or the levels of corresponding polarizers depends on the geometry and the material properties of the from reflecting object. In doing so, physical phenomena, such as B. two refractions, propagation through the medium, reflection on the optically thinner medium a role that in the usual primary reflections do not occur. It was recognized in that the illumination polarization direction and the acquisition polarization direction can be aligned relative to each other in order secondary given geometry and material properties Reflect reflexes weakened or weakened.

The Reflection may be on the subject's head, especially on the system from the subject's head and glasses. In particular, the reflection on a spectacle frame, one or both spectacle lenses, Support discs, face, eyes, etc. are present. The Reflection can also be in the environment of the subject or the device present, z. B. against a background of the subject, a wall, a mirror, a pane, in particular a glass pane, a Picture, a poster, other objects, eg. B. in the Surroundings of the subject arranged glasses, etc.

Especially it was recognized that secondary reflexes occur can, for example, a different polarization direction exhibit, as primary reflexes.

consequently it was recognized that, for example, not primary and secondary reflexes completely weakened can be displayed. Rather, the first image pickup device be designed so that secondary reflections stronger weakened, as primary reflexes. In particular, the first image recording device can be designed that the secondary reflexes are complete weakened, d. H. in the image data are the secondary reflections are no longer visible or visible that the secondary reflexes depicted are the information content diminish the images only insignificantly. in this case it is possible that the primary reflexes for example undiminished or at least partially weakened be imaged.

It It is also possible that the first image pickup device is designed such that the primary reflections and the secondary reflexes at least partially weakened be imaged.

The term "partially attenuated" may include for each reflex, in particular, that the intensity of the light reflected from the subject's head, which forms the reflex, has an intensity I ₀ . However, when passing through the first image pickup device (especially when passing through a pickup polarizing filter of the first image pickup device), the light loses intensity because the light depends at least partially on the first image pickup device (in particular on the pickup polarization filter of the first image pickup device), depending on the polarization direction of the reflected light. absorbed and / or reflected. For example, the first image pickup device can absorb an intensity component I _{1 of} the reflected light so that light of reduced intensity of the reflection is imaged in the image, ie the reflection in the image is shown less bright. If the ratio I ₁ / I ₀ = 0, the reflection is displayed undiminished in the image. Preferably, the ratio I ₁ / I ₀ for a primary and / or secondary reflex is greater than about 0.4, greater than about 0.6, greater than about 0.8, greater than about 0.9, most preferably 1.0 ie the corresponding reflex is completely attenuated.

It is also possible that the intensities of all reflected reflections together equal to I ₀ and the absorbed intensity of all reflections together equal to I ₁ .

at the above-mentioned operation was that of the polarization direction independent absorption not considered in in any case, due to material properties of the first image pickup device, z. B. absorption through the glass of a camera lens available is.

A Lighting device can be a flash unit.

Preferably, the first illumination device and / or the first image acquisition device is or are designed such that the first illumination polarization direction BPR and / or the first acquisition polarization direction APR are determinable such that in the generated image data at least one primary reflection of the reflected light and / or at least one secondary reflection of the reflected light is or are at least partially attenuated.

In in other words, the polarization direction of the light of the illumination device, d. H. the illumination polarization direction BPR and the polarization direction of the imaged light, d. H. the recording polarization direction APR, be set relative to each other. For example, you can Illumination polarization direction BPR and the recording polarization direction APR include a given or a predeterminable angle, may preferably be substantially orthogonal to each other. Preferably, at a fixed angle between the Beleuchtungspolarisationsrichtung BPR and the recording polarization direction APR the illumination polarization direction BPR be determinable such that primary and / or secondary reflections in the image data in particular deliberately suppressed, d. H. at least partially weakened can be mapped. It is also possible that when fixed Angle between the illumination polarization direction BPR and the Recording polarization direction APR the recording polarization direction APR is determinable or determinable that primary and / or secondary reflections in the image data in particular deliberately suppressed, d. H. at least partially weakened can be mapped.

By the preferably orthogonality of the two polarization directions is essentially ensured that primary Reflexes are (almost) completely suppressed. With the secondary reflections, at least one polarization direction can now be used occur, which is characterized by the fact that light, the polarized in this direction is its polarization direction at the reflection does not change. If you choose now for the polarization direction of the illumination device, d. H. the Illumination polarization direction this excellent direction, Both primary and secondary can be Reflexes are (almost) completely suppressed.

This is for example - but not exclusively - then This is the case when the polarization direction-dependent reflection coefficient of the secondary reflections can be described as follows: It exists a two-dimensional orthogonal base and a set of two associated Reflection coefficients such that each of these reflection coefficient the strength of the reflection of the towards the associated Basic vector of polarized light indicates and the reflection from the simple superposition of the two components completely can describe. The excellent directions then are the basis vectors of this basis.

Preferably are the first illumination polarization direction and the first acquisition polarization direction different from each other, preferably substantially to each other orthogonal.

In In other words, the light of the illumination device can be linear be polarized and this polarized light from the image pickup device at least partially absorbed when the polarized light directly and / or after reflection on the first image recording device falls. In particular, this applies if the polarization direction of the light, d. H. the illumination polarization direction in the reflection remains essentially unchanged.

Consequently the primary reflexes are suppressed or weakened, and the absolute position of both Polarization directions, d. H. the recording polarization direction as well as the illumination polarization direction in the room accordingly the geometry and material properties of the reflective and at least semitransparent object, e.g. B. a spectacle lens chosen so that the secondary Reflexes suppressed or weakened become.

Preferably the device comprises a second image recording device, wherein the second image recording device is designed, in the position of use Image data at least of partial areas of the subject's head generate and wherein the second image pickup device designed in such a way is that linearly polarized in the generated image data Light that is different to a second recording polarization direction is polarized, at least partially weakened is.

Consequently can advantageously images of the head or partial areas of the head can be created under different perspectives and a stereo image are generated, with reflexes in the individual images can be mitigated and, in particular, in the generated stereo image the reflections are attenuated can. It is possible that in the different Pictures different reflexes occur and / or different reflexes at least partially weakened.

The Device can 3, 4, 5, 6, 10, 15, etc. image pickup devices have, with the comments on the first and / or the second image recording device mutatis mutandis the other image recording devices apply.

Preferably are the first and second Aufnahmepolarisationsrichtungen from each other different.

The first and second Aufnahmepolarisationsrichtungen can also be substantially identical.

• – die erste Bildaufnahmeeinrichtung ausgelegt, daß in den erzeugten Bilddaten der ersten Bildaufnahmeeinrichtung zumindest ein primärer Reflex des an dem Kopf des Probanden reflektierten Lichts zumindest teilweise geschwächt abgebildet ist und ist die zweite Bildaufnahmeeinrichtung ausgelegt, daß in den erzeugten Bilddaten der zweiten Bildaufnahmeeinrichtung zumindest ein sekundärer Reflex des an dem Kopf des Probanden reflektierten Lichts zumindest teilweise geschwächt abgebildet ist und/oder ist
• – die erste Bildaufnahmeeinrichtung ausgelegt, daß in den erzeugten Bilddaten der ersten Bildaufnahmeeinrichtung zumindest ein sekundärer Reflex des an dem Kopf des Probanden reflektierten Lichts zumindest teilweise geschwächt abgebildet ist und ist die zweite Bildaufnahmeeinrichtung ausgelegt, daß in den erzeugten Bilddaten der zweiten Bildaufnahmeeinrichtung zumindest ein primärer Reflex des an dem Kopf des Probanden reflektierten Lichts zumindest teilweise geschwächt abgebildet ist.

Preferably

• - The first image pickup device designed so that in the generated image data of the first image pickup device at least a primary reflection of the light reflected at the subject's head is at least partially weakened and the second image pickup device is designed such that in the generated image data of the second image pickup device at least one secondary reflex of the light reflected at the head of the subject is at least partially weakened and / or is shown
• - The first image recording device designed so that in the generated image data of the first image pickup device at least a secondary reflection of the light reflected at the subject's head is at least partially weakened and the second image pickup device is designed such that in the generated image data of the second image pickup device at least one primary reflex of the light reflected at the head of the subject is at least partially weakened.

It is particularly possible that both the first Image pickup device as well as the second image pickup device primary and secondary reflexes at least partially weakened, preferably completely weakened depict.

Preferably the device comprises a second illumination device, wherein the second illumination device is designed to be parallel to a second illumination polarization direction substantially to emit completely linearly polarized light in such a way that in the position of use, a head of a subject at least partially illuminated by the linearly polarized light.

The Device can be 3, 4, 5, 6, 10, 15, etc. Lighting devices have, with the comments on the first and / or the second lighting device mutatis mutandis the other lighting devices apply.

Preferably are the first and second illumination polarization directions different from each other. The first and second illumination polarization directions but can also be substantially identical or parallel be.

• – die erste Bildaufnahmeeinrichtung derart ausgelegt, daß in den erzeugten Bilddaten linear polarisiertes Licht, das parallel zu der ersten Beleuchtungspolarisationsrichtung polarisiert ist, zumindest teilweise geschwächt abgebildet ist und ist
• – die zweite Bildaufnahmeeinrichtung derart ausgelegt, daß in den erzeugten Bilddaten linear polarisiertes Licht, das parallel zu der zweiten Beleuchtungspolarisationsrichtung polarisiert ist, zumindest teilweise geschwächt abgebildet ist.

Preferably

• - The first image pickup device designed such that in the generated image data linearly polarized light, which is polarized parallel to the first Beleuchtungspolarisationsrichtung, is shown at least partially weakened and is
• - The second image pickup device designed such that in the generated image data linearly polarized light which is polarized parallel to the second Beleuchtungspolarisationsrichtung, is shown at least partially weakened.

Preferably the at least one illumination device comprises at least a illumination polarization filter. The illumination polarization filter can be arranged rotatable about an axis of rotation, wherein the axis of rotation substantially perpendicular to an area of the illumination polarization filter is. The illumination polarization filter can be a linear polarization filter include, in particular be a linear polarization filter. Of the Illumination polarization filter can be a circular polarization filter comprise, in particular a linear polarizing filter in combination with a λ / 4 plate. The illumination polarization filter can an elliptical polarizing filter, in particular a be elliptical polarizing filter.

Preferably the at least one image recording device comprises at least a recording polarization filter. The recording polarization filter can be arranged rotatably about an axis of rotation, wherein the axis of rotation in substantially perpendicular to an area of the receiving polarizing filter is. The recording polarization filter can be a linear polarization filter include, in particular be a linear polarization filter. Of the Recording polarization filter can be a circular polarization filter comprise, in particular a linear polarizing filter in combination with a λ / 4 plate. The recording polarization filter may comprise an elliptical polarizing filter, in particular an elliptical polarizing filter.

consequently it is achieved that the light of the aforementioned reflexes not enters the image pickup device (s), but from the pickup polarization filter is retained if the light of the reflexes a Polarization direction has the substantially perpendicular to the polarization direction of the recording polarization filter is. In particular, used for lighting polarized light, exclusively one to the polarization direction of the recording polarization filter Orthogonal component is not shown in the image data. Becomes However, this light is scattered on the objects to be imaged, that it at least partially carries its polarization the scattered light with the image data. In addition, can Also, reflected light contribute to the image data when the polarization direction is changed in the reflection such that the reflected Light a component parallel to the polarization direction of the Recording polarization filter has.

Preferably, the device comprises a positioning device, wherein the positioning device is designed, the position of the at least one illumination polarization filter and / or at least adapt a recording polarization filter to predeterminable boundary conditions.

• – Vorneigung einer Brille des Probanden und/oder
• – Fassungsscheibenwinkel der Brille des Probanden und/oder,
• – Material von Brillengläsern der Brille des Probanden und/oder,
• – Basiskurve des Probanden.

For example, the constraints may include:

• - Pre-inclination of glasses of the subject and / or
• - Socket angle of the subject's goggles and / or
• - Material of spectacle lenses of the subject's glasses and / or
• - Base curve of the subject.

The Boundary conditions can be estimated, in particular default values can be used. It is also possible, that deposited for the subject in a database personal information is used. The boundary conditions can also determined in an initial step, in particular measured and / or calculated.

• – die zumindest eine Bildaufnahmeeinrichtung ausgelegt und angeordnet ist, Bilddaten des zumindest einen Darstellungsmittels und zumindest von Teilbereichen des Brillenglases und der Brillenfassung zu erzeugen und wobei
• – die Datenverarbeitungseinrichtung ausgelegt ist, anhand der Bilddaten eine Position eines Brillenglases relativ zu der Brillenfassung zu bestimmen.

Preferably, the device comprises at least one display means for displaying at least one characteristic point of the spectacle lens, wherein

• - The at least one image pickup device is designed and arranged to generate image data of the at least one display means and at least partial areas of the spectacle lens and the spectacle frame and wherein
• - The data processing device is designed to determine based on the image data, a position of a spectacle lens relative to the spectacle frame.

• – die Datenverarbeitungseinrichtung
• – eine Benutzerdatenbestimmungseinrichtung umfaßt, welche ausgelegt ist, anhand der erzeugten Bilddaten Benutzerdaten zumindest eines Teilbereichs des Kopfes oder zumindest eines Teilbereichs eines Systems des Kopfes und einer daran in Gebrauchsstellung angeordneten Brille des Probanden zu bestimmen, wobei die Benutzerdaten Ortsinformationen im dreidimensionalen Raum von vorbestimmten Punkten des Teilbereichs des Kopfes oder des Teilbereichs des Systems umfassen und
• – eine Parameterbestimmungseinrichtung umfaßt, welche ausgelegt ist, anhand der Benutzerdaten zumindest einen Teil der optischen Parameter des Probanden zu bestimmen; und wobei
• – die Datenausgabeeinrichtung ausgelegt ist, zumindest einen Teil der bestimmten optischen Parameter des Benutzers auszugeben.

Preferably, the device comprises at least two image recording devices, wherein

• - The data processing device
• A user data determination device which is designed to determine, based on the generated image data, user data of at least a portion of the head or at least a portion of a system of the head and a goggle of the subject disposed thereon in use position, the user data containing location information in three-dimensional space from predetermined points of the subject Part of the head or subsection of the system include and
• A parameter determination device which is designed to determine at least part of the optical parameters of the test subject based on the user data; and where
• - The data output device is designed to output at least a part of the specific optical parameters of the user.

• – Vergleichsbilddaten zumindest eines Teilbereichs des Kopfes des Benutzers in Abwesenheit der Brille und/oder in Abwesenheit des zumindest einen Brillenglases und zumindest eines Teilbereichs einer Hilfsstruktur zu erzeugen und
• – Bilddaten eines im wesentlichen identischen Teilbereichs des Kopfes des Benutzers mit daran angeordneter Brille und/oder daran angeordnetem zumindest einem Brillenglas und zumindest des Teilbereichs der Hilfsstruktur zu erzeugen, wobei
• – die Datenverarbeitungseinrichtung ausgelegt ist, anhand der Bilddaten, anhand der Vergleichsbilddaten und anhand zumindest des Teilbereichs der Hilfsstruktur, die Position der Brille und/oder des zumindest einen Brillenglases relativ zu dem Pupillenmittelpunkt des entsprechenden Auges des Benutzers in Nullblickrichtung zu bestimmen, und wobei
• – die Datenausgabeeinrichtung ausgelegt ist die Position der Brille und/oder des zumindest einen Brillenglases relativ zu dem Pupillenmittelpunkt des entsprechenden Auges des Benutzers in Nullblickrichtung auszugeben.

Preferably, the device comprises at least two image recording devices, which are each designed and arranged,

• To create comparison image data of at least a portion of the user's head in the absence of the spectacles and / or in the absence of the at least one spectacle lens and at least a portion of an auxiliary structure, and
• To generate image data of a substantially identical subregion of the user's head with spectacles arranged thereon and / or at least one spectacle lens arranged thereon and at least the subregion of the auxiliary structure, wherein
• - The data processing device is designed based on the image data, based on the comparison image data and based on at least the subregion of the auxiliary structure to determine the position of the spectacles and / or the at least one spectacle lens relative to the pupil center of the corresponding eye of the user in the zero direction, and wherein
• - The data output device is designed to output the position of the spectacles and / or the at least one spectacle lens relative to the pupil center of the corresponding eye of the user in the zero viewing direction.

Of the Analyzer is preferably perpendicular to the polarization direction the reflexes to be suppressed in order to filter them out.

The Polarization of the light of the illumination device is carried out because the reflection is not completely linearly polarized Light alone generally not too completely linear polarized light, but only achieve this leaves, if already linearly polarized light is reflected.

Farther a degree of freedom is gained that is important when multiple reflections, in different places or under different conditions (like geometries, materials, primary or secondary) arise, at least partially weakened in the image data, especially to be suppressed. Because the exact Polarization direction of the reflected light depends - after above - from the polarization direction of the incoming light.

It is also possible combination (s) of one or more image recording devices with one or more lighting devices and one or more places where reflexes occur. The orientation of the polarizers (or of the polarized light) and analyzers (or polarization-sensitive image recording device (s)) are preferably selected such that in the image data of each image recording device the reflections disturbing there (for reasons of aesthetic quality or metrological evaluability) at least partially weakened, in particular suppressed. Preferably, in addition to the geometry of Arrangement and the conclusion of the reflex takes into account which reflections from which illumination device in the image data which image recording device should be suppressed. For example, individual reflections can occur only in the image data of individual image recording device and / or only disturb image data in individual image recording device (s). Also, individual lighting devices can only lead to disturbing reflections in individual image recording devices. The above explanations also apply to different places where reflexes can occur.

Becomes for the analyzer in front of the image pickup device a chosen suitable position of the polarization direction, can in the corresponding image data advantageously reflections, the due to the ambient light - especially direct solar radiation - conditional are to be reduced. It is exploited that the Reflection coefficient for radiation, its direction of polarization orthogonal to the plane of incidence, generally larger is, as for light, whose polarization is parallel to the planes of incidence lies. Naturally, the direction of polarization is Adjust the lighting device accordingly.

Under Circumstances (too many reflexes that under too different Conditions emanating from the same lighting) it is not possible completely suppress all reflexes in the image data. in this case, advantageously, a part may be in the image data the reflexes are completely suppressed and the remaining degrees of freedom are exploited to the intensity to reduce the remaining reflexes as much as possible, or a configuration can be chosen in which all reflexes evenly reduced as much as possible become.

Farther Is it possible to rotate the polarizers or analyzers to assemble - depending on the purpose of the recordings - different To set polarization directions. This can be done manually, motorized and / or controlled by a computer. This is For example, if useful with different lighting devices and / or Image recording devices in the same system or in the same device is working.

The Position of polarization axis (s) of polarizer and / or analyzer can lead to an (optimal) suppression of the reflexes Eyeglass lenses and / or support discs among others from the bracket angle, the base curve used, the pretilt depend. Are these data stored in the device or the device can otherwise access that data, The device can after selecting the versions, etc., the location of the polarizers or set analyzers automatically. The position of the polarizers and / or the analyzers can also be manually optimized by an optometrist become.

Farther The polarizing elements on swivel devices or (also with different predefined axis positions) in one Be mounted magazine.

In The aforementioned device experiences a loss of light intensity of the light from the illumination device to the creation of the image data by a factor of four. As long as not already polarized light emitted by the illumination device is going to be half the intensity of the light source lost in polarization. The analyzer absorbs again half the intensity of the one to be photographed Object scattered radiation. Advantageously, this loss by using sensitive image recording device (s) and / or powerful lighting device (s) balanced become.

Preferably The at least one lighting device and the at least one image recording device designed and arranged such be that in the image data at least one predeterminable Disturbing reflected at least partially weakened is and at least a predetermined Meßreflexe substantially undamaged or substantially undiminished is. This can be achieved by, for example the illumination polarization filter and the recording polarization filter be adjusted according to each other, d. H. that the Lichtpolarisationsrichtung and the Aufnahmeepolarisationsrichtung are arranged accordingly. For example, the illumination polarization filter and the receiving polarization filter are arranged to each other be that in the image data at least one predeterminable Disturbing reflected at least partially weakened is and at least a predetermined Meßreflexe substantially undamaged or substantially undiminished is.

The term "substantially unimpaired" may include for each reflex, in particular, that the intensity of the light reflected from the subject's head, which forms the reflex, has an intensity I ₀ . However, when passing through the first image pickup device (especially when passing through a pickup polarizing filter of the first image pickup device), the light loses intensity because the light depends at least partially on the first image pickup device (in particular on the pickup polarization filter of the first image pickup device), depending on the polarization direction of the reflected light. absorbed and / or reflected. For example, the first image recording device can be an intensity Absorb portion I _{1 of} the reflected light, so that light of reduced intensity of the reflection is imaged in the image, that is, the reflection is shown in the image less bright. If the ratio I ₁ / I ₀ = 0, the reflection is displayed completely undiminished in the image. Preferably, the ratio I ₁ / I ₀ for a primary and / or a secondary reflex is less than about 0.9, less than about 0.8, less than about 0.6, less than about 0.4, less than about zero , 2, in particular less than about 0.1.

It is also possible that the intensities of all reflected reflections together equal to I ₀ and the absorbed intensity of all reflections together equal to I ₁ .

One Predeterminable disturbing reflex, for example, a reflex determining the spectacle frame and / or the pupil (s) etc. difficult, especially prevented. It is also possible, that the predeterminable interference reflex for aesthetic reasons disturbs because z. As the pupil (s) and / or the spectacle frame and / or the subject's face is not or only partially visible is.

One Measuring reflex and / or a disturbing reflex can be done manually and / or be automatically predetermined. For example, this can be be iteratively feasible.

Especially There may be several image capture devices and an image pickup device used to image data To generate Meßreflexen. In the image data of this image pickup device Preferably, reflexes are not or only partially weakened displayed. Another image pickup device may be used are, wherein in the image data of the further image pickup device all reflexes are at least partially weakened. For example The image pickup devices can be in different wavelength range be sensitive. It can also be used wavelength filters become. Alternatively or additionally, too Several lighting devices are used, the light in radiate different wavelength ranges.

Preferably, the at least one image recording device can be designed to at least partially suppress interference reflections and / or to image measuring reflections at least partially amplified due to a recording sensitivity. It is Z. B. possible that the image pickup device at least partially attenuated light with an intensity greater than I _S and reflects light with an intensity greater than I _M amplified images. Thus, a reflex having an intensity greater than I _S can be less clearly imaged, and a reflection having an intensity between I _M and I _{S can be} magnified. By a suitable choice of I _S and I _M , therefore, glitches can be at least partially weakened and measurement reflexes are at least partially enhanced, but at least sufficiently mapped.

in the Case of a linear polarizer with an orthogonal analyzer, only half (i.e., the direction to the receiving polarization direction APR parallel component) of the scattered light used for imaging. Does the desired reflex on the other hand, the "right" Polarization direction, d. H. is the light of the Refelxes essentially parallel to the recording polarization direction APR, this reflex imaged with full intensity and thus brighter than he would appear without polarization device.

One Aspect can therefore be a device with at least one illumination device and at least relate to an image recording device, wherein the at least one illumination device and the at least one image recording device such mutually tunable or mutually adjustable are that in the image data at least one predeterminable Disturbing reflected at least partially weakened is and at least a predetermined Meßreflex substantially undamaged or substantially undiminished is.

Use according to one aspect

A Another aspect may be the use of the device, in particular concerning the determination of individual parameters of the subject. Preferably, the device may be substantially automatic Determining the individual parameters of a subject can be used.

Method according to one aspect

• – zumindest teilweise Beleuchten eines Kopfes eines Probanden mit polarisiertem Licht,
• – Erzeugen von Bilddaten zumindest von Teilbereichen des Kopfes des Probanden, wobei in den erzeugten Bilddaten polarisiertes Licht zumindest teilweise geschwächt abgebildet ist,
• – Bestimmen von Benutzerdaten, insbesondere von Individualparametern des Probanden mittels der erzeugten Bilddaten und
• – Ausgeben der Bilddaten und/oder der Benutzerdaten.

One aspect of the present invention relates to a method for determining parameters of a subject, in particular for determining individual parameters of the subject with the steps:

• At least partially illuminating a subject's head with polarized light,
• Generating image data of at least partial regions of the subject's head, wherein polarized light is at least partially attenuated in the generated image data,
• Determining user data, in particular individual parameters of the subject by means of the generated image data and
• - Outputting the image data and / or the user data.

Preferred embodiments of the procedure

• – das Licht zum Beleuchten linear polarisiertes Licht, wobei das linear polarisierte Licht parallel zu einer ersten Beleuchtungspolarisationsrichtung BPR im wesentlichen vollständig linear polarisiert ist und ist
• – in den erzeugten Bilddaten linear polarisiertes Licht, das zu einer ersten Aufnahmepolarisationsrichtung APR verschieden polarisiert ist, zumindest teilweise geschwächt abgebildet.

Preferably

• The light for illuminating linearly polarized light, the linearly polarized light being parallel to a first direction of illumination polarization BPR is essentially completely linearly polarized and is
• - In the image data generated linearly polarized light that is different polarized to a first recording polarization direction APR, at least partially shown weakened.

In In other words, for example, the light for lighting becomes one first illumination polarization direction BPR substantially complete linearly polarized light, wherein in the position of use a head a subject at least partially from the polarized light, d. H. especially illuminated by the linearly polarized light becomes.

Farther become in the position of use image data at least of sub-areas of the subject's head, where in the generated image data linearly polarized light, which leads to a first Aufnahmepolarisationsrichtung APR is polarized differently, at least partially weakened is shown. Preferably, at least in the generated image data a primary reflection of the reflected light and / or at least a secondary reflection of the reflected light at least partially weakened.

Preferably, the method comprises the step:
Adjusting the illumination polarization direction and / or the recording polarization direction such that light reflected in the image data, in particular light reflected by the subject, is at least partially attenuated.

In In other words, one or more primary can be targeted and / or secondary reflections by means of the illumination polarization direction and / or the Aufnahmeepolarisationsrichtung attenuated especially completely attenuated. This is z. B. by turning the illumination device and / or Turning the image pickup device in particular by turning the Illumination polarization filter and / or the recording polarization filter possible.

Especially it is possible that the method iteratively, i. H. Repeatedly performed to an optimal arrangement Illumination polarization direction and the recording polarization direction to each other, d. H. also an optimal positioning of the corresponding Lighting device and / or rotating the image pickup device in particular optimal positioning of the illumination polarization filter and / or the receiving polarization filter.

Computer program product according to a aspect

One Another aspect of the present invention relates to a computer program product, especially stored on a computer-readable medium or realized as a signal which, when loaded into the memory of a Computers and running from a computer, causes the Computer performs a method according to the invention.

The The invention is not limited to the aspects or embodiments described above limited. Rather, individual characteristics the aspects and / or embodiments detached be arbitrarily combined with each other and in particular thus new embodiments of the various aspects be formed. In other words, the above statements apply to the individual features of the device mutatis mutandis for the method and / or the use and vice versa.

figure description

preferred Embodiments of the invention are described below accompanying figures described by way of example. It shows

1 a perspective schematic view of a device in the operating position;

2 FIG. 2 is a schematic sectional plan view of an arrangement of the image pickup devices according to FIG 1 in operating position;

3 FIG. 3: a schematic sectional view from the side of an arrangement of the image recording devices according to FIG 1 in operating position;

four a schematic sectional view in plan view of another embodiment in the operating position;

5 : a schematic view of exemplary image data;

5a : a schematic view of exemplary image data;

5b : a schematic view of exemplary image data;

6 : another schematic view of exemplary image data;

6a : another schematic view of exemplary image data;

6b : another schematic view of exemplary image data;

7 : exemplary image data according to the 5 ;

7a : is a schematic view of exemplary comparison image data;

7b : exemplary image data according to the 5b ;

8th : exemplary image data according to the 6 ;

8a : exemplary image data according to the 6b ;

9 exemplary output data as output according to one embodiment;

9a : exemplary output data;

10 a schematic view of components of the device in use position;

11a : exemplary image data with reflections;

11b : exemplary image data with reflections;

12a : exemplary image data without reflexes;

12b : exemplary image data without reflexes;

1 shows a schematic perspective view of a device 10 according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention. The device 10 comprises an arrangement device in the form of a housing or a column 12 in which a first image recording device in the form of an upper camera 14 and a second image pickup device in the form of a side camera 16 is arranged. Further, in the column 12 a data output device in the form of a monitor 18 integrated. The upper camera 14 is preferably located inside the column 12 , for example as in 1 shown, at least partially at the same height as the monitor 18 , In operating position are the upper camera 14 , and the side camera 16 arranged so that an effective optical axis 20 the upper camera 14 with an effective optical axis 22 the side camera 16 in an intersection 24 to cut. At the intersection 24 the effective optical axes 20 . 22 it is preferably the point of a nasal root (cf. 2 ) or around the center of the bridge (not shown).

The upper camera 14 is preferably centered behind a partially transparent mirror 26 arranged. The image data of the upper camera 14 be through the partially transparent mirror 26 generated through. The image data (called images below) of the upper camera 14 and the side camera 16 are preferably on the monitor 18 output. Furthermore, on the column 12 the device 10 three bulbs 28 arranged. At the bulbs 28 it may be, for example, light sticks, such as fluorescent tubes. The bulbs 28 however, they may each include one or more bulbs, halogen lamps, light-emitting diodes, etc.

In the in 1 illustrated preferred embodiment of the device 10 The present invention is the effective optical axis 20 the upper camera 14 parallel to the zero direction of a user 30 arranged. The zero-view direction corresponds to the fixation line of the eyes of the user in the primary position. The side camera 16 is arranged such that the effective optical axis 22 the side camera 16 the effective optical axis 20 the upper camera 14 in an intersection 24 cuts at an angle of intersection of approximately 30 °. At the intersection 24 the effective optical axes 20 . 22 it is preferably the point of a root of the nose (cf. 2 ) of the user 30 , That is, in the preferred embodiment of the device 10 The present invention intersects the effective optical axis 22 also the zero viewing direction at an angle of 30 °. The cutting angle of 30 ° is a preferred cutting angle. There are also other cutting angles possible.

Preferably However, the cutting angle is less than about 60 °.

Furthermore, it is not necessary that the effective optical axes 20 . 22 to cut. Rather, it is also possible that the minimum distance of the effective optical axes from the location of the nose root of the user 30 For example, less than approximately 10 cm. Furthermore, it is possible that another lateral camera (not shown) on the column 12 is arranged, wherein the further lateral camera, for example, the side camera 16 diagonally opposite.

In a further preferred embodiment, the upper camera 14 and the side camera 16 be arranged such that their positions and in particular their effective optical axes, for example, to the body size of the user 30 can be adapted. The determination of the relative positions of the cameras 14 . 16 to each other can be made by a known calibration.

The cameras 14 . 16 For example, it is also possible to design, in each case, individual images of a subarea of the user's head 30 to him witness. But it is also possible that on the basis of the cameras 14 . 16 Video sequences are recorded and these video sequences are used for further evaluation. Preferably, however, on the cameras 14 . 16 Frames are generated and these frames are used for further evaluation, with the upper camera 14 and the side camera 16 are time-synchronized, that is, at the same time images of the preferably identical portion of the user's head 30 record or generate. Furthermore, it is possible for both cameras 14 . 16 Pictures of different areas of the user's head 30 be recorded. However, the images of the two cameras contain at least an identical subarea of the user's head 30 ,

In the operating position, the user is preferably arranged or positioned such that his view of the partially transparent mirror 26 directed, the user on the image of his nose root (see. 2 ) in the mirror image of the partially transmissive mirror 26 looks.

The pillar 12 may have any other shape or represent a different type of housing in which the cameras 14 . 16 and for example the bulbs 28 , the partially reflecting mirror 26 and the monitor 18 are arranged.

In operating position, the distance between the partially transparent mirror 26 and the user 30 only between about 50 and 75 cm, the user 30 for example, in front of the mirror or according to an activity to which the user 30 wearing glasses, in front of the partially transparent mirror 26 sitting. Thus, the use of the preferred device according to the invention is possible even in limited spatial conditions. Accordingly, device can 10 For example, be designed so that the positions of the upper camera 14 and the side camera 16 and for example, the partially transparent mirror 26 and the light source 28 are arranged adjustable in height. The upper camera 14 can therefore also above or below the monitor 18 are located. Furthermore, it is also possible to use the column 12 or at the column 12 arranged upper camera 14 , lower camera 16 , partially reflecting mirror 26 and bulbs 28 to tilt or rotate a horizontal axis in the frame of reference of the earth.

According to a further preferred embodiment of the invention, for example, the lateral camera 16 by a pattern projection device such as a conventional projector, and the three-dimensional user data is determined by a conventional method such as phase-measuring triangulation.

1 further shows a lighting device 202 , The lighting device 202 may additionally or alternatively to the bulbs 28 be arranged. The lighting device 202 can be designed as a permanent lighting device. The lighting device 202 can also be designed as a temporary illumination device, in particular as a flash unit. The lighting device 202 can be one or more light sources 204 . 206 include. The light sources 204 . 206 can be designed as incandescent lamps, flash lamps, semiconductor diodes, etc. The light sources 204 . 206 may also include ends of a glass fiber and / or flat extensive light sources, such as flat flash units, etc. be. Light, ie electromagnetic radiation, the / from the lighting device 202 is radiated, is substantially linearly polarized along a defined or predeterminable first polarization direction. The polarization direction is referred to as the illumination polarization direction BPR. The polarization can be achieved that the light sources 204 . 206 are designed to produce polarized light. Such a light source may comprise a laser, laser diodes and / or a vertical cavity surface emitting laser (VCSEL).

Alternatively or additionally, the light sources 204 . 206 also be conventional light sources and in front of the light sources 204 . 206 one or more so-called polarizing filters (hereinafter referred to as polarizers, not shown), which are the light of the light sources 204 . 206 along an excellent direction, polarize the illumination polarization direction BPR. A polarizing filter can, for. Example, be a conventional polarizing filter based on a sheet of long-chain polymers, wherein the polarization direction is an inherent property of the polarizing filter and the Beleuchtungspolarisationsrichtung BPR can be determined by a predefined arrangement of the polarizing filter. In front of the cameras 14 . 16 Also, a polarizing filter (hereinafter referred to as analyzer, not shown) may be arranged. It is also possible that the cameras 14 . 16 are formed such that they are already polarization direction sensitive. In other words, camera can 14 and / or the camera 16 be configured to have a higher sensitivity with respect to light that is polarized in a first polarization direction, than light that is polarized in a second polarization direction, etc. In this case, it is not necessary that an analyzer in front of this camera 14 . 16 is arranged.

Should still have an analyzer in front of the camera 14 . 16 Preferably, the analyzer is not parallel to a polarization direction detected by the camera 14 . 16 is not or only partially detected. Rather, the camera is 14 . 16 vorzugswei be aligned so that the polarization direction along which the camera 14 . 16 is most sensitive, is substantially parallel to the polarization direction of the analyzer. This is especially advantageous if the lighting device 202 can only emit light in a limited intensity.

2 shows a schematic plan view of preferred arrangements of the cameras 14 . 16 in operating position and positioning of a user 30 in operating position. As in 2 shown, projections of the effective optical axes intersect 20 . 22 on a horizontal plane in the frame of reference of the earth at an angle of 23.5 °. The intersection angle between the effective optical axes 20 . 22 in the plane, passing through the two effective optical axes 20 . 22 is stretched, as in 1 shown 30 °. The point of intersection 24 the effective optical axes 20 . 22 corresponds to the location of the nose root of the user 30 , As further out 2 indicates a position of the side camera 16 for example, along the effective optical axis 22 be changeable. The position 32 the side camera 16 For example, corresponds to the position, as well as in 1 is shown. The side camera 16 but also, for example, along the effective optical axis 22 at a position 34 can be arranged offset, preferably, the lateral camera 16 be positioned arbitrarily. In the from the side camera 16 however, at least one pupil (not shown) of the user and at least one spectacle lens edge must be generated 36 or a spectacle frame edge 36 a pair of glasses 38 be imaged by the user. Furthermore, the pupil preferably has to be completely within the spectacle frame or glass rim 36 the glasses 38 be pictured. Analog can also the upper camera 14 be positioned differently.

Further, if only the position of one or both lenses relative to the spectacle frame is to be determined and checked, for example, it is not necessary for the user to 30 the glasses 38 for determining the position of the spectacle lens relative to the spectacle frame on the head carries. Rather, the position of the spectacle lens relative to the spectacle frame can also be independent of the user 30 be determined. For example, the glasses 38 on a shelf, such. B. a table (not shown) are stored. Consequently, the device can therefore also be designed differently, for example, have a different dimension. In particular, the device may also be smaller than in 1 shown. For example, the device can only use the two cameras 14 . 16 have, which may be arranged substantially stationary to each other. The cameras are designed with a computer connectable, allowing a data exchange between the cameras 14 . 16 and the computer is possible. For example, the device can also be designed to be mobile. In other words, the image recording devices, ie the cameras 14 . 16 be arranged separately from the data processing device, ie the computer, in particular housed in separate housings.

It It is also possible that the glasses of another Person is worn as the actual user.

3 shows a schematic sectional view of the arrangement of the cameras 14 . 16 in operating position as well as a position of the user 30 in operating position, from the side, as in 1 is shown. As already in 2 shown, the side camera can 16 be positioned along the effective optical axis, for example at the position 32 or at the position 34 , Furthermore, in 3 the projection of the effective optical axes 20 . 22 represented on a vertical plane in the frame of reference of the earth. The angle between the effective optical axes 20 . 22 is for example 23.5 °, which corresponds to a cutting angle of 30 ° in the plane, which is due to the effective optical axes 20 . 22 is spanned.

four shows in plan view a sectional view of a second preferred embodiment of the device 10 according to the present invention. Instead of two cameras, only the upper camera is used 14 used. The upper camera 14 has an optical axis 40 on. The optical axis 40 corresponds to a line coming from a center of the aperture (not shown) of the upper camera 14 goes out and perpendicular to the plane of the aperture (not shown) of the upper camera 14 is.

• – der Strahlteiler 42 ist entweder nahezu vollständig verspiegelt oder
• – der Strahlteiler ist nahezu vollständig durchlässig für Licht.

Starting from the upper camera 14 is located in the direction of the optical axis 40 a beam splitter 42 in the beam path of the camera 14 , The beam splitter 42 For example, it is designed so that you can switch between two operating modes:

• - the beam splitter 42 is either almost completely mirrored or
• - The beam splitter is almost completely transparent to light.

Is the beam splitter 42 for example, completely transparent to light, the optical axis 40 the upper camera 14 not deflected, but cuts the user's head 30 in the intersection 24 , In this case, the effective optical axis corresponds 20 the optical axis 40 the upper camera 14 , Is the beam splitter 42 however, completely mirrored, becomes the optical axis 40 the upper camera 14 through the beam splitter 42 redirected according to known optical laws, as in four shown. For example, the optical axis 40 at an angle of 90 ° in a first deflected portion 44 the optical axis 40 the upper camera 14 diverted. The first diverted section 44 cuts another optical element, such as a deflection mirror 46 , This will be the first diverted subarea 44 the optical axis 40 again according to the conventional optical laws in a second deflected portion 48 the optical axis 40 diverted. The second diverted section 48 the optical axis 40 cuts the user's head 30 , The second diverted section 48 the optical axis 40 corresponds to the effective axis 22 the upper camera 14 , in the event that the beam splitter 42 is completely mirrored.

From the upper camera 14 are time-shifted images of the subarea of the user's head 30 generated, the images either with fully mirrored beam splitter 42 or with completely transparent beam splitter 42 be generated. In other words, based on the upper camera 14 two images of the subarea of the user's head 30 be generated, which according to the pictures, as according to 1 . 2 or 3 can be generated. However, in this preferred embodiment, the images are skewed by an image pickup device, the upper camera 14 , generated.

In the 2 to four is an example of a polarizing filter 208 , in front of the cameras 14 . 16 arranged. The polarization filter 208 is thus used as an analyzer 208 designated. The analyzer 208 is substantially perpendicular to the effective optical axes 20 . 22 . 40 the associated camera 14 . 16 arranged.

5 shows a schematic view of image data as from the upper camera 14 be generated, ie a schematic frontal view of a portion of the head of a user 30 , with only two lenses 50 , as well as a spectacle frame 52 as well as a right eye 54 and a left eye 56 the user 30 are shown. As user data are in 5 a pupil center 58 of the right eye 54 and a pupil center 60 of the left eye 56 shown. Further shows 5 a limit 62 the spectacle frame 52 for the right eye 54 and a limit 64 the spectacle frame 52 for the left eye 56 in box size, as well as intersections 66 a horizontal plane in the reference frame of the user with the eyeglass detection edge 52 concerning the right eye 54 as well as intersections 68 one in the reference system of the user 30 vertical plane perpendicular to the horizontal plane of the user 30 , The horizontal plane is through the dashed line 70 , the vertical plane through the dashed line 72 shown.

Analog are in 5 intersections 74 a horizontal plane and intersections 76 a vertical plane for the left eye 56 shown, with the horizontal plane through the dashed line 78 and the vertical plane through the dashed line 80 is shown.

Preferably, the pupil centers become 58 . 60 automatically determined by a user data positioning device (not shown). This can be reflexes 82 be used, which on the cornea of the respective eyes 54 . 56 due to the bulbs 28 arise. Since according to the in 1 shown embodiments of the device 10 The present invention, for example, three bulbs 28 are arranged per eye 54 . 56 three reflexes 82 displayed. The reflexes 82 arise for every eye 54 . 56 directly at the piercing point of a respective Leuchtmittelfixierlinie on the cornea. The illuminant fixing line (not shown) is the connecting line between the location of the respective luminous means 28 , which is imaged centrally on the retina, and the respective pupil center 58 . 60 the corresponding eye 54 . 56 , The extension of the illuminant fixing line (not shown) passes through the optical eye pivot (not shown). Preferably, the bulbs 28 arranged so that they lie on a conical surface, wherein the tip of the cone at the pupil center 58 respectively. 60 of the right eye 54 or left eye 56 located. The axis of symmetry of the cone is parallel to the effective optical axis, starting from the apex of the cone 20 the upper camera 14 arranged, the three bulbs 28 are further arranged so that connecting straight lines of the apex and the respective light source 28 just cut in the apex of the cone.

Based on the reflexes 82 for the right eye 54 or the left eye 56 can the pupil center 58 respectively. 60 of the right eye 54 or the left eye 56 be determined.

Alternatively or additionally, the pupil centers 58 . 60 also be detected by means of an image recognition software, wherein the pupils are determined, for example due to color and / or brightness differences between the respective pupil and the iris and the pupil centers 58 . 60 For example, be determined as the geometric centers of gravity of the detected pupils. The reflexes 82 can be mapped at least partially, in particular completely attenuated.

5a shows a schematic view of image data, similar to 5 as seen from the upper camera 14 be generated, ie a schematic frontal view of a portion of the glasses 38 , in which two lenses 154 . 156 as well as a spectacle frame 52 are shown. 5a shows a limit 62 the spectacle frame 52 for the right lens 154 and a limit 64 the spectacle frame 52 for the left lens 156 in box size, as well as intersections 66 a plane in the reference frame of the earth horizontal plane with the spectacle frame edge 52 concerning the right spectacle lens 154 as well as intersections 68 a vertical plane in the frame of reference of the earth perpendicular to the horizontal plane. The horizontal plane is through the dashed line 70 , the vertical plane through the dashed line 72 shown.

Analog are in 5a intersections 74 a horizontal plane and intersections 76 a vertical plane for the left lens 156 shown, with the horizontal plane through the dashed line 78 and the vertical plane through the dashed line 80 is shown.

Preferably, the presentation means are in the form of stickers 150 automatically determined by the data processing device (not shown).

Furthermore, in 5a exemplified two means of representation 150 shown. The means of representation 150 For example, may be a so-called saddle point, for example, as a sticker 150 is trained. The means of representation 150 but can also be a monochrome point 150 be either as a sticker on the lens (shown in 6a ) can be arranged or, for example, with a pen directly on the spectacle lens (shown in 6a ) is drawn.

5b shows a representation similar to 5 respectively. 5a , where additionally a saddle point 53 as a preferred auxiliary point and two saddle points 153 . 253 are shown as preferred means of representation.

Every saddle point 53 . 153 . 253 For example, it can be a sticker. It is also possible that two saddle points 53 where a saddle point is assigned to the left eye (not shown) and a saddle point to the right eye (not shown).

Particularly preferred are 9 saddle points 53 . 153 . 253 (not shown), using three saddle points 153 on the one spectacle lens are arranged (not shown) three saddle points 253 are arranged on the other spectacle lens (not shown), and three saddle points 53 are arranged on the head, for example the forehead of the user (not shown), to determine a position of each spectacle lens relative to the corresponding eye, ie the corresponding pupil or the corresponding pupil center in three-dimensional space.

Preferably, the saddle point 53 automatically detected and determined by a user data positioning device (not shown).

6 shows a schematic view of the image data of the lateral camera 16 according to the 5 , Because the side camera 16 laterally below the partial area of the user's head 30 are located intersections of a horizontal and a vertical plane with the edges of the spectacle frame 52 not on horizontal or vertical lines, as in 5 the case is. Rather, straight lines on which intersect with the horizontal plane and the vertical plane are due to the perspective view of the lateral camera 16 on crooked lines 84 projected. The horizontal plane 70 and the vertical plane 72 therefore cut the edge 36 the spectacle frame 52 in the places where the projected lines 84 the edge 36 the spectacle frame 52 each cut. Analog can also be based on the in 6 image data shown the pupil centers 58 . 60 based on the reflexes 82 be determined.

By means of in the 5 and 6 shown intersections 66 . 68 . 74 . 76 and the pupil centers 58 . 60 can three-dimensional coordinates of the system glasses 30 and eye (s) 54 . 56 be generated. Furthermore, certain points in box size can be used to determine the three-dimensional coordinates. Alternatively, the three-dimensional coordinates can be generated at least partially, if appropriate, also by means of the points determined according to box dimensions. Based on the positions in the image data, that is, the intersections 66 . 68 . 74 . 76 and the pupil centers 58 . 60 , knowing the positions of the upper camera 14 and the side camera 16 Location relations in three-dimensional space in the system Eye (s) 54 . 56 and glasses 30 be generated. The intersections 66 . 68 . 72 . 74 or the pupil centers 58 . 60 can be determined by an optometrist and entered using a computer mouse (not shown). Alternatively, the monitor 18 be designed as a "touch screen" and the intersections 66 . 68 . 72 . 74 or the pupil centers 58 . 60 can directly from the monitor 18 be determined and entered. Alternatively, however, these data can also be generated automatically using image recognition software. In particular, it is possible for a software-supported image evaluation to take place with subpixel accuracy. According to a further embodiment of the invention, the positions of further points of the spectacles 38 be determined and used to determine the optical parameters in three-dimensional space.

Based on the three-dimensional userda the system's eye 54 . 56 and glasses 30 can be optical parameters of the user 30 determined, and in this determination, head and eye movements can be considered. For this purpose, for example, a plurality of images are generated, wherein the user 30 performs a head movement or tracked, for example, a moving object with the eyes. Alternatively, it is also possible to generate images with discrete head or eye deflections, which can be used, for example, for determining a convergence behavior of the eyes or for determining differences in the eye-deflection behavior. As in 1 shown, the user is preferably positioned in the primary position and, as shown 2 As can be seen, for example, the effective optical axis 20 the upper camera 14 and the middle parallels of the eyes' fixation lines 54 . 56 in primary position, identical. Another embodiment of the device 10 The present invention is designed so that only one eye, that is either the right eye 54 or the left eye 56 , both from the upper camera 14 as well as the side camera 16 is shown. The optical parameters of the user 30 be based on one eye 54 . 56 determines and under symmetry assumptions the optical parameters for both eyes 54 . 56 certainly.

Advantageously, according to the device 10 In the present invention, the optical parameters, that is, for example, pupil distance, corneal vertex distance, socket disc angle, pretilt, and insert height for a user 30 be determined whose Blickauslenkung does not correspond to the zero direction. Rather, the user looks 30 according to the present invention from a distance of about 50 to about 75 cm on the image of his nose back in the partially transmitting mirror 26 , In other words, the user is 30 at a distance of about 50 to about 75 cm in front of the partially transmissive mirror 26 , and looks at the image of his face in the semitransparent mirror 26 , especially on his nose root. The position of the eyes 54 . 56 which results from the object being viewed, that is, the convergence of the eyes 54 . 56 , can be taken into account in the determination of the optical parameters and, for example, compensated for rotation of the eyes in determining the optical parameters, wherein, for example, a virtual zero direction can be determined taking into account the actual gaze deflection and the virtual, ie the determined and unmeasured zero gaze direction optical parameters of the user can be determined. Advantageously, therefore, the distance between users 30 and the cameras 14 . 16 be low. In particular, it is also possible that the optical parameters are already approximately predetermined. Furthermore, the glasses can 38 be preconfigured and the optical parameters are determined by means of the device 10 of the present invention for the previously intended.

Furthermore, the device 10 designed according to another preferred embodiment, the pretilt angle of the glasses 38 for every eye 54 . 56 from the angle between the straight line through the upper intersection 68 and the lower intersection 68 the vertical cutting plane 72 with the edge 36 the spectacle frame 52 to calculate in three dimensions. In addition, a medium foreshadow from the right eye 54 certain propensity and that for the left eye 56 determined by a certain inclination. Furthermore, a warning may be issued if the right anterior inclination 54 from the propensity of the left eye 56 deviates by at least a predetermined maximum value. Such an indication may be, for example, by means of the monitor 18 be issued. The same way, frame disc angle and corneal vertex distance or pupil distance can be determined from the three-dimensional data set for the right eye 54 and the left eye 56 as well as mean values of which are determined and if necessary information about the monitor 18 be output if the deviations of the values for the right eye 54 and the left eye 56 exceed a maximum value in each case.

The corneal vertex distance can be calculated optionally according to the reference point requirement or according to the requirement of the ocular rotation point. According to the reference point requirement, the corneal vertex distance corresponds to the distance of the vertex of the spectacle lens 50 from the cornea at the point of puncture of the fixation line of the eye in the zero viewing direction. According to the eye rotation point requirement, the corneal vertex distance corresponds to the minimum distance of the cornea from the spectacle lens 50 ,

Furthermore, the device 10 be designed such that the grinding height of the spectacle lens 50 based on a distance of the puncture point of the fixation line of an eye 54 . 56 in primary position with a glass plane of a spectacle lens 50 is calculated from a lower horizontal tangent in the glass plane. A lower horizontal tangent is for example in the 5 and 6 the line 84 the limit 62 . 64 according to box size. Preferably, the device is 10 designed that from points on the edge 36 the spectacle frame 52 for every eye 54 . 56 a three-dimensional closed path train for the glass form of the spectacle lens 50 is determined, where out of trains trains of the respective lenses 50 of the right eye 54 and the left eye 56 an average stretch of the glass mold can be determined.

Alternatively, it is also possible that instead an averaging of the values of the optical parameters, which for the right eye 54 and the left eye 56 are determined, the optical parameters, or the stretch path for the glass mold only for the spectacle lens 50 one of the eyes 54 . 56 will determine and these values also for the other of the eyes 54 . 56 be used.

Furthermore, the device according to a preferred embodiment may be used, images of the user 30 to generate and overlay these images image data of a variety of frame and / or lens data, thereby providing optimal advice to the user 30 is possible. In particular, materials, layers, thicknesses and colors of the spectacle lenses whose image data are superimposed on the generated image data can be varied. The device 10 According to the present invention, therefore, it may be designed to provide adaptation recommendations, in particular optimized individual parameters, for a multiplicity of different spectacle frames or spectacle lenses.

6a shows a schematic view of the image data of the lateral camera 16 according to the 5a , similar to the illustration according to 6 , Because the side camera 16 laterally below the partial area of the user's head 30 are located intersections of a horizontal and a vertical plane with the edges of the spectacle frame 52 not on horizontal or vertical lines, as in 5a the case is. Rather, straight lines on which intersect with the horizontal plane and the vertical plane are due to the perspective view of the lateral camera 16 on crooked lines 84 projected. The horizontal plane 70 and the vertical plane 72 therefore cut the edge 36 the spectacle frame 52 in the places where the projected lines 84 the edge 36 the spectacle frame 52 each cut.

By means of in the 5a and 6a shown intersections 66 . 68 . 74 . 76 can be three-dimensional coordinates of the glasses 30 be generated. Furthermore, the box dimension in three-dimensional space can be determined on the basis of the three-dimensional coordinates.

alternative to the generation of data or coordinates in three-dimensional Space based on the image data, which under different directions recorded, the image data can also only be taken under one direction and the three-dimensional Data is generated based on additional data. For example, can it may be sufficient to record the image data essentially head-on and additionally the socket disc angle and / or the Presence angle of the glasses and / or the corneal vertex distance and / or head rotation, etc. Based on the image data and The additional data can be the position in three-dimensional space, in particular of the spectacle lens in front of the eye.

The intersections 66 . 68 . 72 . 74 or the saddle point 150 can be determined by an optometrist and entered using a computer mouse (not shown). Alternatively, the monitor 18 be designed as a "touch screen" and the intersections 66 . 68 . 72 . 74 or the saddle point 150 can directly from the monitor 18 be determined and entered. Alternatively, however, these data can also be generated automatically using image recognition software. In particular, it is possible for a software-supported image evaluation to take place with subpixel accuracy. According to a further embodiment of the invention, the positions of further points of the spectacles 38 be determined and used to determine the optical parameters in three-dimensional space.

In the 5a and 6a are only two saddle points 150 shown. Preferably, four saddle points, more preferably six saddle points (not shown) are arranged, wherein two or three saddle points are arranged on each spectacle lens to allow a clear determination of the position of each spectacle lens in three-dimensional space.

Based on the three-dimensional user data of the glasses 30 can the chest dimension of the glasses 30 be determined in three-dimensional space and in particular the position of the saddle point 150 in box dimension (in three-dimensional space).

Furthermore, in 5a and 6a a lower tangent 86 to the spectacle frame 52 located. The lower tangent 86 is part of the limit 62 . 64 of the box dimension.

The Glasses can also be designed such that pupils (not shown).

Another embodiment of the device 10 The present invention is designed such that only one side, that is, either the right side corresponding to the right eye or the left side corresponding to the left eye, both from the upper camera 14 as well as the side camera 16 is shown. The optical parameters of the user 30 are determined on the one side and the symmetrical assumptions are used to determine the optical parameters for both sides.

The 7 and 8th show pictures, for example, of the upper camera 16 ( 7 ) and the side camera 16 ( 8th ) be generated. The pictures continue to show the intersections 66 . 68 the horizontal plane 70 and the vertical Ebe ne 72 , as well as the reflexes 82 for the right eye 54 the user 30 , In 8th are projections of the possible intersections of the horizontal plane 70 and vertical plane 72 with the edge 36 the spectacle frame 52 taking into account the perspective view of the lateral camera 16 , as a straight line 84 represented.

7a shows a schematic view of comparison image data as from the upper camera 14 be generated, ie a schematic frontal view of a portion of the head of a user 30 in the absence of glasses, with only a right eye 54 and a left eye 56 the user 30 are shown. As user data are in 7 a pupil center 58 of the right eye 54 and a pupil center 60 of the left eye 56 shown. Further shows 7 the saddle point 53 ,

Preferably, the pupil centers become 58 . 60 and the saddle point 53 automatically determined by a user data positioning device (not shown). These become reflexes 82 used which on the cornea of each eye 54 . 56 due to the bulbs 28 arise. Since according to the in 1 shown embodiments of the device 10 The present invention, for example, three bulbs 28 are arranged per eye 54 . 56 three reflexes 82 displayed. The reflexes 82 arise for every eye 54 . 56 directly at the piercing point of a respective Leuchtmittelfixierlinie on the cornea. The illuminant fixing line (not shown) is the connecting line between the location of the respective luminous means 28 , which is imaged centrally on the retina, and the respective pupil center 58 . 60 the corresponding eye 54 . 56 , The extension of the illuminant fixing line (not shown) passes through the optical eye pivot (not shown). Preferably, the bulbs 28 arranged so that they lie on a conical surface, wherein the tip of the cone at the pupil center 58 respectively. 60 of the right eye 54 or left eye 56 located. The axis of symmetry of the cone is parallel to the effective optical axis, starting from the apex of the cone 20 the upper camera 14 arranged, the three bulbs 28 are further arranged so that connecting straight lines of the apex and the respective light source 28 just cut in the apex of the cone.

Based on the reflexes 82 for the right eye 54 or the left eye 56 can the pupil center 58 respectively. 60 of the right eye 54 or the left eye 56 be determined and in particular the position in the three-dimensional space of the saddle point 53 relative to the pupil center 58 respectively. 60 of the right eye 54 or the left eye 56 ,

The 7b and 8a show pictures, for example, of the upper camera 16 ( 7b ) and the side camera 16 ( 8a ) be generated. The pictures continue to show the intersections 66 . 68 the horizontal plane 70 and the vertical plane 72 , In 8a are projections of the possible intersections of the horizontal plane 70 and vertical plane 72 with the edge 36 the spectacle frame 52 taking into account the perspective view of the lateral camera 16 , as a straight line 84 represented.

Advantageously, according to the device 10 In the present invention, the optical parameters, that is, for example, pupil distance, corneal vertex distance, socket disc angle, pretilt, and insert height for a user 30 are determined, the viewing angle does not correspond to the zero-viewing direction and actual values of the matched glasses are compared with predetermined values. Rather, the user looks 30 according to the present invention from a distance of about 50 to about 75 cm on the image of his nose back in the partially transmitting mirror 26 , In other words, the user is 30 at a distance of about 50 to about 75 cm in front of the partially transmissive mirror 26 , and looks at the image of his face in the semitransparent mirror 26 , especially on his nose root. The position of the eyes 54 . 56 which results from the object being viewed, that is, the convergence of the eyes 54 . 56 , can be taken into account in the determination of the optical parameters and, for example, compensated for rotation of the eyes in determining the optical parameters, wherein, for example, a virtual zero direction can be determined taking into account the actual gaze deflection and the virtual, ie the determined and unmeasured zero gaze direction optical parameters of the user can be determined. Advantageously, therefore, the distance between users 30 and the cameras 14 . 16 be low. In particular, it is also possible that the optical parameters are already approximately predetermined. Furthermore, the glasses can 38 be preconfigured and the optical parameters are determined by means of the device 10 of the present invention for the previously intended.

Furthermore, the device 10 designed according to another preferred embodiment, the pretilt angle of the glasses 38 for each lens from the angle between the straight line through the upper intersection 68 and the lower intersection 68 the vertical cutting plane 72 with the edge 36 the spectacle frame 52 to calculate in three dimensions. In addition, a medium foreshadow from the right eye 54 certain propensity and that for the left eye 56 determined by a certain inclination. Furthermore, a warning may be issued if the pre-tilt of the right spectacle lens deviates from the pretilt of the left spectacle lens by at least a predetermined maximum value. Such an indication may be, for example, by means of the monitor 18 be issued. The same way, frame disc angle and corneal vertex distance or pupil distance can be determined from the three-dimensional data set for the right eye 54 and the left eye 56 as well as mean values of which are determined and if necessary information about the monitor 18 be output if the deviations of the values for the right eye 54 and the left eye 56 exceed a maximum value in each case.

The corneal vertex distance can be calculated optionally according to the reference point requirement or according to the requirement of the ocular rotation point. According to the reference point requirement, the corneal vertex distance corresponds to the distance of the vertex of the spectacle lens 50 from the cornea at the point of puncture of the fixation line of the eye in the zero viewing direction. According to the eye rotation point requirement, the corneal vertex distance corresponds to the minimum distance of the cornea from the spectacle lens 50 ,

Furthermore, the device 10 be designed such that the grinding height of the spectacle lens 50 based on a distance of the puncture point of the fixation line of an eye 54 . 56 in primary position with a glass plane of a spectacle lens 50 is calculated from a lower horizontal tangent in the glass plane. A lower horizontal tangent is for example in the 5b and 6b the line 84 the limit 62 . 64 according to box size. Preferably, the device is 10 designed that from points on the edge 36 the spectacle frame 52 for every eye 54 . 56 a three-dimensional closed path train for the glass form of the spectacle lens 50 is determined, where out of trains trains of the respective lenses 50 of the right eye 54 and the left eye 56 an average stretch of the glass mold can be determined.

Alternatively, it is also possible that, instead of averaging the values of the optical parameters, which for the right eye 54 and the left eye 56 are determined, the optical parameters, or the stretch path for the glass mold only for the spectacle lens 50 one of the eyes 54 . 56 will determine and these values also for the other of the eyes 54 . 56 be used.

Furthermore, the device according to a preferred embodiment may be used, images of the user 30 to generate and overlay these images image data of a variety of frame and / or lens data, thereby providing optimal advice to the user 30 is possible. In particular, materials, layers, thicknesses and colors of the spectacle lenses whose image data are superimposed on the generated image data can be varied. The device 10 According to the present invention, therefore, it may be designed to provide adaptation recommendations, in particular optimized individual parameters, for a multiplicity of different spectacle frames or spectacle lenses.

In particular, the apparatus is designed to provide the above parameters and values for a made-up goggle using at least one saddle point 53 to be determined and compared with corresponding predetermined parameters and values. In particular, the actual position of use of the glasses can be compared with a predetermined position of use, according to which the glasses were made and deviations from the predetermined position of use are corrected. The predetermined parameters may be stored by the device and retrieved from its memory. The predetermined parameters and values can also be supplied to the device.

9 shows an output image, such as on the monitor 18 can be represented, with the image data of the upper camera 14 (referred to as camera 1) and the side camera 16 (referred to as camera 2) are shown. There is also a picture of the side camera 16 represented in which the user data are displayed. Furthermore, the optical parameters are for the right eye 54 and the left eye 56 , as well as averages thereof.

Preferably, a plurality of bulbs 28 arranged so that for all cameras 14 . 16 reflexes 82 for every eye 54 . 56 directly at the puncture point of the respective fixation line on the cornea or geometrically defined to the puncture point, generated. Next are the bulbs 28 preferably arranged so that the reflexes 82 in particular for the puncture point of the respective fixation line of the eyes 54 . 56 be generated in primary position. Quite particularly preferred, for both eyes approximately geometrically defined corneal reflexes around the puncture point for the upper camera 14 and for the side camera 16 Reflexes at the puncture points of the fixation lines of the eyes 54 . 56 in primary position, by a light source 28 on the at the respective middle parallel of the two fixation lines of the eyes 54 . 56 in primary position mirrored effective optical axis 22 the side camera 16 and two other bulbs 28 on the cone of the central parallels of the fixation lines of the eyes 54 . 56 in the primary position as a cone axis and the effective optical axis 20 the side camera 16 is defined as generating, be arranged so that all bulbs 28 lie on disjoint generators of the cone and the one set bulbs 28 have a horizontal extent, that of the equation (average pupillary distance) / (horizontal extent) = (distance upper camera 14 to eye 54, 56) / (distance illuminant 28 to eye 54, 56) suffice.

9a shows an output image according to 9 , The displayed output image is a superposition of the image data with the comparison image data.

Farther it is possible by means of the embodiment described above in a simple way, the position of a pair of glasses or the first and / or of the second spectacle lens in the position of use, for example, relatively to check the eyes or pupils of the user or to be determined. In particular, it is thus possible to have a actual use position of a pair of glasses with individual to determine matched eyeglass lenses and with a desired desired use position, which for the customization of the lenses was used to compare. In case of deviations of the actual use position from the target use position, in particular, the position of the glasses or the first and / or the second spectacle lens in the actual Use position are corrected so that the actual Use position of the desired desired use position equivalent. The desired use position here is the position of use the glasses, under knowledge of which the individually adapted Eyeglass lenses were made. In the review the actual use position can advantageously also the actual centering of a spectacle lens or both lenses in the spectacle frame, d. H. the position a spectacle lens relative to the spectacle frame detected and checked and in determining and correcting the actual Use position to be considered.

In In other words, with the device described above in simpler Also, the desired desired use of a too producing glasses. The glasses to be made with individual eyeglass lenses may be below considering the desired desired use position are produced. Is the produced according to the target use position However, it is possible that the glasses are used actual position of use of the glasses, d. H. especially Both lenses, thus the actual position the glasses or the lenses relative to the corresponding eyes of the user, deviates from the target position of use. To such It may therefore be necessary to adjust the spectacle frame to correct deviations Manufacture the glasses so that the actual Use position of the previously determined desired desired use position equivalent. For example, this adjustment can be made by an optometrist be performed.

For this purpose, first, comparison image data are generated at least of partial areas of the user's head, but the user does not wear the already manufactured spectacles. Auxiliary markers or auxiliary points, for example characteristic features of the partial area of the head, are determined in the comparison image data. The auxiliary points may be, for example, special features of the portion of the user's head, such. As a birthmark, scars, light or dark pigmentation spots, etc. The auxiliary points may also be artificially created points, eg. As so-called saddle points, which are attached in the form of stickers at predetermined or predeterminable positions of the portion of the head. An exemplary saddle point 53 is in 5b shown.

In particular, the auxiliary points 53 selected at positions of the partial area of the head or the saddle points 53 arranged according to the saddle points 53 are spatially constant or invariable relative to the respective eye rotation points.

Farther are in the image data of the subsection of the head next to the auxiliary points also the pupil positions or pupil centers of the user, preferably in the zero viewing direction of the user. The spatial Positions of the pupil centers continue to be relative to the auxiliary points certainly.

Subsequently, image data of the partial area of the head of the user is generated, whereby the user makes the manufactured spectacles 38 wearing with the custom made spectacle lenses in the actual position of use.

Here, on a spectacle lens or on both lenses another saddle point 153 . 253 arranged or recorded, which or which allow, for example, to determine the position of the engraving points and in particular to determine the position of the engraving points in box size of the corresponding spectacle lens. The in 5b shown saddle point can therefore also a means of presentation 153 . 253 represent. The means of representation 153 . 253 For example, as a sticker 153 . 253 be educated. The means of representation 153 . 253 but can also be a monochrome point 153 . 253 be either as a sticker on the lens (for example, shown in 6b ) can be arranged or for example with a pen directly on the spectacle lens (for example, shown in 6b ) is drawn.

Becomes or become auxiliary point (s) or representation point (s) on the basis of saddle points determined, the saddle points are advantageously designed such that they are using an image recognition software in simple and reliably identified.

Using the image data described above, parameters of the spectacles or of the first and / or the second spectacle lens are determined relative to the auxiliary points. Since now both the relative positions of the pupil centers 58 . 60 to the auxiliary points 53 are known as well as the relative position of the glasses 38 or of the first and / or the second spectacle lens in their actual position of use to the auxiliary points 53 is known, in a simple manner, for example by means of a coordinate transformation, the actual position of the glasses 38 relative to the pupil centers 58 . 60 be determined. Therefore, it is possible to identify a deviation of the actual use position of the target use position and compensate subsequently. For example, the actual corneal vertex distance may be determined and compared to the corneal vertex distance required for the calculation and fabrication of the individual ophthalmic lenses 50 was used. If the two parameters do not match, the glasses can 38 be adapted further, ie, the actual position of use be changed and the new actual position of use again be checked by the method described above. Iteratively, therefore, the actual usage position may be repeatedly determined, compared and adjusted with the desired use position until the deviation of the actual use position from the desired use position is less than an acceptable, predetermined deviation limit value. In this case, the actual position of each spectacle lens can be taken into account on the basis of the centering data determined by means of the representation means.

The Correction of the actual use position may further not just because of the corneal vertex distance. Much more may be the actual usage position regarding further or other individual parameters to the desired use position be adjusted.

Advantageously, therefore, the actual use position can be easily adapted to the desired use position, even if the custom-made lenses 50 already in the glasses 38 are arranged and optionally also a faulty arrangement of the lenses are corrected in the spectacle frame. Measuring errors in the determination of the actual position of use are thereby avoided or are very low, because the positions of the pupil centers 58 . 60 relative to the glasses 38 or relative to the first and / or the second lens not through the lenses 50 be determined by, but on the basis of the auxiliary points 53 , Thus, for example, an erroneous determination of the position of the glasses 38 or of the first and / or the second spectacle lens relative to the pupil centers 58 . 60 which due to the optical properties of the lenses 50 could occur, avoided. The position of the auxiliary points 53 relative to the pupil centers 58 . 60 however, was in the absence of glasses 38 or in the absence of the first and / or the second spectacle lens, which is why no measurement by the spectacle lenses here 50 is carried out.

10 shows a schematic view of an arrangement of a lighting device 202 and a camera 14 . 16 as well as a test person 30 with glasses 38 , In the beam path of the lighting device 202 is a polarizing filter 210 introduced. The polarization filter 210 will also be polarizer 210 designated. Light or electromagnetic radiation of the illumination device 202 happens the polarizer 210 and is after passing through the polarizer 210 linearly polarized. It is also possible that in the beam path of the light of the illumination device 202 after the polarizer 210 another optical element is arranged (not shown). The further optical element can be designed to influence the polarization of the light.

For example, the further optical element may be a λ / 4 plate and the light after passing through the polarizer 210 and the λ / 4 plate be circularly polarized. Instead of or in addition to the polarizer 210 and / or the further optical element can also be present a polarization device which generates linearly or circularly or elliptically polarized light. The polarization direction of the linearly polarized light is shown by way of example with reference to the arrow BPR. The polarization direction of the linearly polarized light (referred to as the illumination polarization direction BPR) is identical to the polarization direction of the polarizer 210 , This linearly polarized electromagnetic radiation is from the illuminated or irradiated part of the subject 30 , especially the subject's head 30 (at least in part) scattered and this scattered radiation is emitted by the camera 14 . 16 detected, in particular recorded and processed into an image. The of the subject 30 Reflected radiation is preferably at least partially, particularly preferably completely suppressed, in particular by the analyzer 208 absorbed and / or reflected. It is also possible that in the image data, the reflected radiation is selectively suppressed, for. B. by rotation of the analyzer 208 and / or the polarizer 210 ,

In the beam path in front of the camera 14 . 16 is the analyzer 208 arranged. Preferably, the polarization direction APR of the analyzer (referred to as pickup polarization direction APR) is perpendicular to the polarization direction BPR of the polarizer. In the beam path of the lighting device 202 is the light after passing through the polarizer 210 polarized parallel to the polarization direction BPR. The analyzer 208 essentially passes only the vector component of the light which is parallel to the polarization direction APR. The polarization direction APR is preferably perpendicular to the polarization direction BPR, wherein the polarization direction APR is preferably perpendicular to the corresponding beam path and wherein the polarization direction BPR is preferably perpendicular to the corresponding beam path.

The analyzer can be shown differently 208 define a plane and the polarizer 210 can define a plane. These levels do not have to be parallel. For example, the polarization direction APR of the analyzer 208 to the plane of the polarizer 210 projected (and vice versa) is the projected polarization direction APR of the analyzer 208 substantially perpendicular to the polarization direction BPR of the polarizer 210 (and vice versa). In particular, the two planes can be coordinated with one another and arranged relative to one another in such a way that at least one primary reflex and at least one secondary reflex are partially weakened in the image data.

It may be a first unit comprising a first illumination device and a first camera may be present, for example primary Reflexes at least partially suppressed. It can be a second Unit comprising a second illumination device and a second Camera may be present, for example, secondary reflexes at least partially suppressed. This can be done in different wavelength ranges to be possible. It can also include a third unit a third illumination device and a third camera may be present for example, secondary reflections in a wavelength range different from the second camera at least partially suppressed. Alternatively or additionally, one or more Lighting device (s) and one or more cameras, the cameras are designed in different wavelength ranges primary and / or secondary reflexes at least partially to suppress or weaken. The lighting equipment can light in different wavelength ranges emit or light in a common wavelength range send out.

Farther is it possible that the lighting device (s) and the camera (s) are matched to one another in such a way that the image data selectively primary and / or secondary Reflexes are at least partially suppressed. For example, you can primary and / or secondary reflexes used for this to detect a spectacle frame. This primary and / or secondary reflections are preferably substantially not weakened, but at least presented in such a way that they are sufficient to determine a spectacle frame. However, it is not necessary that the reflexes in the visible to the human eye spectral range lie. Rather, these reflexes can be seen in the invisible Spectral range lie. Alternatively or additionally disturbing primary and / or secondary reflexes, z. B. at least partially suppressed in front of the pupils become. Especially in the visible to the human eye Spectral range, these reflexes are already aesthetic Reasons at least partially suppressed.

Furthermore, the polarizer 210 and the analyzer 208 Preferably aligned such that the polarization of the subject 30 reflected electromagnetic radiation substantially perpendicular to the polarization direction APR of the analyzer 208 is. Consequently, in the illumination polarization direction BPR polarized light, that of the subject 30 is reflected (and in the reflection, the polarization retains), essentially not in the camera 14 . 16 reach. Scattered light, which has no excellent polarization, can be determined by the subject 30 however, in the camera 14 . 16 arrive and be detected by the camera. In other words, the camera can 14 . 16 an image of the subject 30 created by scattered light, but from this image reflections are hidden, if the reflections have a corresponding polarization.

The above statements apply both to primary reflections and to secondary reflections, wherein the polarization direction of the (reflected) electromagnetic radiation of secondary reflections can be different from the polarization direction of the (reflected) electromagnetic radiation of primary reflections. Thus, for example, primary reflexes can be determined using the analyzer 208 be substantially completely suppressed or filtered out. Secondary reflexes can be the analyzer 208 pass unhindered or at least partially weakened. It is also possible that the secondary reflexes can be completely filtered out (and / or vice versa).

The above statements, in particular the comments on 10 just describe a camera 14 . 16 and only a lighting device 202 , However, it is possible that a variety of lighting devices 202 exist, for example, to different areas of the subject 30 , especially different areas of the Head of the subject 30 sufficiently bright to light. Continue to take a stereo image of the subject's head 30 at least two cameras, 14 . 16 arranged. It is also possible that further, additional cameras are arranged. Due to a variety of lighting devices 202 and / or a variety of camera devices 14 . 16 It is therefore regularly not possible for all cameras 14 . 16 to suppress all reflexes or by means of analyzers 208 filter out. For example, are multiple lighting devices 202 arranged under different solid angles or multiple cameras 14 . 16 arranged under different solid angles, it may be possible only to filter out all the reflections, since the corresponding polarizers 210 and analyzers 208 are also arranged under different solid angles. However, it has been recognized that by a possible orientation of the polarizers 210 and / or analyzers 208 particularly disturbing reflections can be at least partially, in particular completely suppressed and / or a plurality of reflections can be reduced, in particular completely suppressed.

For example, by turning the analyzer 210 and / or rotating the polarizer 208 be defined, which reflexes should be suppressed. It is possible that one or more particularly disturbing reflections are completely suppressed if, for example, these reflections have polarized electromagnetic radiation of the same polarization direction and the polarization direction of the analyzer 208 perpendicular to the polarization direction of the electromagnetic radiation. It is also possible that a plurality of reflections is reduced, wherein the reflections can have different polarization directions. In this case it is not necessarily necessary for reflections to be completely suppressed, ie completely filtered.

It is also possible that the polarizer 210 and the analyzer 208 are arranged such that their polarization directions are not perpendicular to each other.

For example, after a reflection, the polarization direction of the reflected electromagnetic radiation deviates from the polarization direction of the polarizer 210 polarized electromagnetic radiation, the analyzer 208 until the reflexes are sufficiently reduced.

One turn of the polarizing filter 208 . 210 is in particular respectively an axis possible, which is perpendicular to a surface of the polarizing filter 208 . 210 is. In particular, a rotation with respect to an effective optical axis 20 . 22 the camera 14 . 16 possible. This is schematically in 10 showing both the rotation of the analyzer 208 as well as the rotation of the polarizer 210 is shown.

Preferably, the rotation of the polarizer 210 or analyzer 208 done manually. Here, a user of the device may, for example, on a monitor the effect of rotation of one or both polarizing filters 208 . 210 observe. Thus, it is possible for the user to adjust the position of the polarizing filter (s) 208 . 210 chooses the best possible illumination of the subject 30 gives as low or acceptable reflections.

Alternatively or additionally, it is also possible that this process is essentially semi-automatic or fully automatic, for example iteratively feasible. For example, it is possible for the user to mark a variety of reflections in the image data and the system automatically tag the polarization filters based on image recognition software 208 . 210 adjusted so that the marked reflections are reduced, in particular completely suppressed. In a completely automatic version, the device provides 10 using an image recognition software, the polarizing filters 208 . 210 automatically corresponding to, so that, if possible, all the reflexes are completely suppressed or only part of the reflexes is completely suppressed, or in the mean the common reflections do not exceed a threshold. For this purpose, for example, the brightness of each reflex can be determined and / or the brightness of the reflected reflections can be summed, which must not exceed a certain threshold value.

Alternatively or additionally, it is also possible that a multiplicity of parameters are already determined in advance, in particular measured, and / or at least one or more of the parameters of a database are taken. These parameters can be z. As frame angle, the base curve used, pre-tilt, material properties of frame and / or lenses, etc. include. An operator, for example, an optician and / or a user of the device, for example a subject, can determine one or more of these parameters in advance and / or enter them manually or remove these parameters from a database. In particular, it is z. B. possible that the optician an identification of the subject, z. B. enters its name. The device is preferably designed to take one or more of the aforementioned parameters based on the identification of the subject of a database. Alternatively or additionally, the optician can also enter a desired spectacle frame and / or desired spectacle lenses. The device 10 can be designed ei ner database special material constants such. As refractive index, reflectivity, etc. of the spectacle frame and / or the lenses and to use automatically.

Furthermore, the polarizing elements, ie in particular the polarization filter 208 . 210 be mounted on pivoting devices, in particular with different predefined axial positions and / or in a magazine. Furthermore, the position of the polarizing filter 208 . 210 be changed so that reflections that are caused by ambient light, especially direct sunlight, reduced, preferably completely suppressed. It can be exploited here that the reflection coefficient for radiation whose polarization direction is orthogonal to the plane of incidence is generally greater than for radiation whose polarization direction is parallel to the plane of incidence. The polarization direction can be adapted to the lighting accordingly.

Be multiple cameras 14 . 16 and / or multiple lighting devices 202 used, so can the corresponding polarizing filter 208 . 210 be individually adjustable, so that in the image data of each camera 14 . 16 Reflexes individually reduced, in particular can be suppressed.

11a and 11b show real image data in the form of photos of the camera 14 ( 11a ) and the camera 16 ( 11b ), without the weakening of the reflexes described above. In 11a are reflexes 212 to 220 shown. The reflexes 212 . 214 are reflexes of the glasses 38 , The reflexes 216 to 220 are reflexes of the subject's skin 30 ,

In 11b are also the reflexes 216 . 218 and 220 visible, noticeable. Additionally are in 11b still the reflexes 222 . 224 . 226 visible, with the reflexes 222 . 224 . 226 Reflexes of the glasses 38 are.

11a corresponds to a recording of the subject's head by means of the camera 14 , which is located centrally in front of the subject at about the eye level of the subject. 11b corresponds to a recording of the subject's head 30 using the side camera 16 , with the side camera 16 is arranged laterally and below the subject's head. The subject 30 was with a lighting device 202 illuminated, which includes a four-row LED flash, the right of the mirror 26 at about the same level as the central camera 14 is arranged. In front of the LED flash is a film of long-chain polymers as a polarizer 210 arranged. The polarization direction is parallel to the plane of incidence of the central camera 14 , Likewise, the aforementioned film of long-chain polymers was used as an analyzer 208 in front of the side cameras 14 . 16 arranged. The reflexes 212 to 226 are LED lightning reflected light 202 , In the 11a . 11b displayed image data were aligned with polarizer 210 and analyzer 208 created.

Corresponding image data are in the form of photos in 12a and 12b in the case of the 12a . 12b the analyzer 208 and the polarizer 210 are orthogonal to each other, ie, the polarization direction of the analyzer 208 is perpendicular to the polarization direction of the polarizer 210 , The arrangement of polarization directions of analyzer 208 and polarizer 210 relative to each other has a deviation of about ± 2 degrees.

reflexes 214 . 222 , as in 11a . 11b shown, which arises at the front of the spectacle frame by reflection of the electromagnetic radiation are in the 12a and 12b completely suppressed (see 12b ). reflex 226 , which arises due to reflection on a back of the lens, is greatly reduced in intensity in other words becomes the secondary reflex 226 only partially weakened. The primary reflexes 214 . 222 however, they are completely weakened.

In 12a is reflex 212 only strongly weakened visible. In the given exemplary boundary conditions, that is z. As the geometry and the material of the organic spectacle lens it comes through the above mechanisms for reflex 212 for generating minimal components whose polarization direction is orthogonal to the incident radiation. That's why reflex is 212 - albeit very weak - in 12a visible, noticeable.

The reflex 224 , which arises by reflection on the front of the lens, is in the 12a . 12b not visible anymore.

Furthermore, the reflexes 216 . 218 . 220 , which arise by reflection on the skin of the subject, in the 12a . 12b not visible anymore. In particular, therefore, reflexes on the forehead of the nose may be the dimples and chin of a subject 30 , which usually lead to disturbing and shiny spots in conventional recordings are substantially completely suppressed. Only the proportion of brightening attributable to scattering of the unevenly distributed illumination remains. Likewise show 12a and 12b Reflections on the subject's eyes.

The device described above 10 can be a manual, semi-automatic and / or fully automatic detection of the edges of glasses or support discs in the images of the cameras 14 . 16 simplify or first allow.

This is the glasses 38 and / or the head of the spectacle wearer 30 with glasses 38 illuminated to generate reflections at the edges of the lenses or support discs. These reflections can then be seen in the image (s) of the camera (s) 14 . 16 a camera system in a simple manner manually, semi- and / or fully automatically detected.

For systems with multiple cameras 14 . 16 can have one or more cameras 14 . 16 are defined as cameras of the first kind in which special reflections are to occur, and one or more other cameras (not shown) as cameras of the second kind in which the reflections are not desired (for aesthetic reasons, for example). By means of the data processing device can from the coordinates of the reflections in the images of the cameras of the first kind 14 . 16 the position (s) of the corresponding elements (eg the edge of the glass and / or a point thereof) in three-dimensional space or a suitable coordinate system are calculated.

From this position in space, the coordinates of the element or elements in the images of the cameras of the second kind (not shown) can then be derived. This derivative can also directly from the coordinates of the reflex in the images of the cameras of the first kind 14 . 16 without going through the spatial model.

The The aforesaid method may occur at the time of occurrence or production multiple reflexes for each reflex or group of Reflexes are made individually.

This procedure makes it possible, for example, to frame consultation with at least one camera 14 . 16 to record at least one reflection-free image in which the simulations can be shown and to determine the shape and position of the elements with at least one camera in whose images the reflexes occur. The lighting may be one or more point or area illumination devices 202 or any combination of them.

Farther The lighting can be diffused or directed.

The exact geometry or arrangement of each element of the lighting 202 in terms of position, extent and radiation characteristics can be adapted to the specific situation. That is, a geometry or arrangement is chosen in which the desired reflections in the image data of the at least one camera 14 . 16 in which they are desired to be amplified and reflections that are not desired in one or more cameras in this / these camera (s) weakened or not occur. Of course, the special reflective properties as well as the position of the surfaces can be considered.

The lighting device 202 Can be used as a permanent or temporary lighting device 202 be realized in particular as a flash. Furthermore, the lighting or lighting device 202 or individual elements of the lighting device 202 be selectively activated. In this way, images with and without reflexes (eg for demonstration) can be recorded, preferably immediately after one another.

If no other flashes will be used - in particular preferred way - the pictures without temporary Lighting in front of the pictures with temporary lighting added to differences in the images caused by the irritation of the spectacle wearer by the lightning, to avoid.

In addition to the above-described possibilities of selective generation of reflections in individual images by the geometric arrangement of the individual elements of the illumination device 202 as well as their switching on and off can also other properties of the lighting device 202 used for selection:
One aspect is the wavelength of the light - also in connection with corresponding filters in front of the cameras 14 . 16 or cameras 14 . 16 with wavelength-specific sensitivity. Particularly suitable is light outside the visible spectrum, since this light can be filtered out in the cameras of the second kind, without distorting the image in the visible. Furthermore, a possibly wavelength-dependent reflection coefficient can be exploited.

Another aspect is the intensity of the illumination, so that the reflexes z. B. by the sensitivity curves of the respective cameras 14 . 16 can be emphasized or suppressed.

It is also possible to exploit the polarization. It can be illuminated with defined polarized light and in front of the cameras 14 . 16 polarizing filter 208 be mounted so that in the respective cameras 14 . 16 suppresses unwanted reflexes and amplifies desired reflexes. In this case, the preservation or destruction of the polarization or the preservation or rotation of the polarization direction in the individual reflections can be exploited.

Of course, all the features for every item and every camera 14 . 16 Individually adapted and individually combinable be defined. In particular, the above statements apply mutatis mutandis to the cameras of the first kind and the cameras of the second kind.

The described method can be used in the same way for all other types of reflexes desired (for example by measurement). One possible application relates to the detection of pupils or the cornea in the aforementioned device 10 ,

10

contraption

12

pillar

14

upper camera

16

lateral camera

18

monitor

20

effective optical axis

22

effective optical axis

24

intersection

26

semi-transparent mirror

28

Lamp

30

user

32

position

34

position

36

Spectacle lenses / glasses frame edge

38

glasses

40

optical axis

42

beamsplitter

44

first deflected portion of the optical axis

46

deflecting

48

second deflected portion of the optical axis

50

lenses

52

eyeglass frame

53

saddle point

54

right eye

56

left eye

58

Pupil center

60

Pupil center

62

limit in box dimension

64

limit in box dimension

66

intersections

68

intersections

70

horizontal level

72

vertical level

74

intersections

76

intersections

78

horizontal level

80

vertical level

82

reflexes

84

Just

86

lower horizontal tangent

150

sticker or point

153

saddle point

154

right lens

156

left lens

202

lighting device

204

light source

206

light source

208

Polarizer / analyzer

210

Polarizer / polarizer

212

reflex

214

reflex

216

reflex

218

reflex

220

reflex

222

reflex

224

reflex

226

reflex

QUOTES INCLUDE IN THE DESCRIPTION

This list The documents listed by the applicant have been automated generated and is solely for better information recorded by the reader. The list is not part of the German Patent or utility model application. The DPMA takes over no liability for any errors or omissions.

Cited non-patent literature

• - DIN EN ISO 1366 [0003]
• - DIN 58 208 [0003]
• - DIN EN ISO 8624 [0003]
• - DIN 5340 [0003]
• - DIN EN ISO 8624 [0017]
• - DIN EN ISO 1366 DIN [0017]
• - DIN 58 208 [0017]
• - DIN 5340 [0017]
• - "The Optics of the Eye and the Visual Aids" by Dr. med. Roland Enders, 1995 Optical Publishing GmbH, Heidelberg [0017]
• - "Optics and Technology of Glasses" by Heinz Diepes and Ralf Blendowske, 2002 Publisher Optical Publications GmbH, Heidelberg [0017]
• - "inform expert advice for the optics" PR series of the ZVA for the optician, Issue 9, "Brillenzentrierung", ISBN 3-922269-23-0, 1998 [0017]
• - "Glasses adaptation a textbook and guide" by Wolfgang Schulz and Johannes Eber 1997, DOZ-Verlag, published by the Central Association of Optometrists, Dusseldorf, ISBN 3-922269-21-4 [0017]
• - DIN 58 208 [0018]
• - "Phase-Measuring Deflectometry (PMD) - A High-Precision Method for Measuring Surfaces" by Rainer Seßner, March 2000 [0023]

Claims (21)

Contraption ( 10 ), in particular for determining individual parameters of a test subject ( 30 ), with - at least a first illumination device ( 202 ), wherein the first illumination device ( 202 ) is designed to emit substantially completely polarized light such that in the position of use a head of a subject ( 30 ) is at least partially illuminated by the polarized light, - at least a first image recording device ( 14 . 16 ), wherein the first image recording device ( 14 . 16 ) is designed, in the position of use, image data of at least partial areas of the subject's head ( 30 ) and wherein the first image recording device ( 14 . 16 ) is designed such that in the generated image data polarized light, at least partially weakened is shown, - a data processing device which is designed by means of the generated image data user data, in particular individual parameters of the subject ( 30 ) and having - a data output device which is adapted to output the image data and / or user data. Contraption ( 10 ) according to claim 1, wherein the first illumination device ( 202 ) is adapted to emit substantially completely linearly polarized light parallel to a first direction of illumination polarization BPR such that in the position of use a head of a subject ( 30 ) is at least partially illuminated by the linearly polarized light, and wherein - the first image pickup device ( 14 . 16 ) is designed such that in the generated image data linearly polarized light that is differently polarized to a first recording polarization direction APR, at least partially weakened is shown. Contraption ( 10 ) according to claim 2, wherein the first image recording device ( 14 . 16 ) is designed such that in the generated image data at least one primary reflex ( 212 - 224 ) of the reflected light and / or at least one secondary reflex ( 226 ) of the reflected light is at least partially weakened. Contraption ( 10 ) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the first illumination device ( 202 ) and / or the first image recording device ( 14 . 16 ) is designed such that the first illumination polarization direction (BPR) and / or the first acquisition polarization direction (APR) can be defined in such a way that at least one primary reflection ( 212 - 224 ) of the reflected light and / or at least one secondary reflex ( 226 ) of the reflected light is at least partially weakened. Contraption ( 10 ) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the first illumination polarization direction (BPR) and the first acquisition polarization direction (APR) are different from each other, in particular substantially mutually orthogonal. Contraption ( 10 ) according to one of the preceding claims with a second image recording device ( 16 ), wherein the second image recording device ( 16 ) is designed, in the position of use, image data of at least partial areas of the subject's head ( 30 ) and wherein the second image recording device ( 16 ) is designed such that in the generated image data linearly polarized light which is differently polarized to a second recording polarization direction (APR) is at least partially attenuated. Contraption ( 10 ) according to claim 6, wherein the first and the second recording polarization directions (APR) are different from each other. Contraption ( 10 ) according to claim 6 or 7, wherein - the first image recording device ( 14 ) is designed such that in the generated image data of the first image recording device ( 14 ) at least one primary reflex ( 212 - 224 ) of the subject's head ( 30 ) reflected light is shown at least partially weakened and wherein the second image recording device ( 16 ) is designed such that in the generated image data of the second image recording device ( 16 ) at least one secondary reflex ( 226 ) of the subject's head ( 30 ) reflected light is at least partially weakened and / or - the first image recording device ( 14 ) is designed such that in the generated image data of the first image recording device ( 14 ) at least one secondary reflex ( 226 ) of the subject's head ( 30 ) reflected light is shown at least partially weakened and wherein the second image recording device ( 16 ) is designed such that in the generated image data of the second image recording device ( 16 ) at least one primary reflex ( 212 - 224 ) of the subject's head ( 30 ) reflected light is at least partially weakened. Contraption ( 10 ) according to one of the preceding claims, having a second illumination device, wherein the second illumination device is designed to emit essentially completely linearly polarized light parallel to a second illumination polarization direction such that in the position of use a head of a subject ( 30 ) is at least partially illuminated by the linearly polarized light. Contraption ( 10 ) according to claim 9, wherein the first and second Beleuchtungspolarisationsrichtung are different from each other. Contraption ( 10 ) according to claim 9 or 10, wherein - the first image recording device ( 14 ) is designed such that in the generated image data linearly polarized light which is polarized parallel to the first illumination polarization direction (BPR) is at least partially attenuated and wherein - the second image recording device ( 16 ) is designed such that in the generated image data linearly polarized light, which is polarized parallel to the second direction of illumination polarization, is shown at least partially attenuated. Contraption ( 10 ) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the at least one illumination device ( 202 ) at least one illumination polarization filter ( 210 ) and the illumination polarization filter ( 210 ) is rotatable about an axis of rotation, wherein the axis of rotation substantially perpendicular to a surface of the Beleuchtungspolarisationsfilter ( 210 ). Contraption ( 10 ) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the at least one image recording device ( 14 . 16 ) at least one receiving polarization filter ( 208 ) and the receiving polarizing filter ( 208 ) is rotatable about an axis of rotation, wherein the axis of rotation substantially perpendicular to a surface of the receiving polarization filter ( 208 ). Contraption ( 10 ) according to claim 12 or 13, having a positioning device, wherein the positioning device is designed to determine the position of the at least one illumination polarization filter ( 210 ) and / or at least one receiving polarization filter ( 208 ) adapt to predeterminable boundary conditions. Contraption ( 10 ) according to one of the preceding claims, having at least one presentation means ( 53 ) for displaying at least one characteristic point of the spectacle lens, wherein - the at least one image recording device ( 14 . 16 ) is arranged and arranged, image data of the at least one representation means ( 53 ) and at least portions of the spectacle lens ( 54 . 56 ) and the spectacle frame ( 52 ) and wherein - the data processing device is designed to use the image data to determine a position of a spectacle lens ( 54 . 56 ) relative to the spectacle frame ( 52 ). Contraption ( 10 ) according to one of the preceding claims, comprising at least two image recording devices, wherein - the data processing device comprises a user data determination device which is designed based on the generated image data user data at least a portion of the head or at least a portion of a system of the head and a spectacles arranged in the position of use ( 38 ) of the subject ( 30 ), wherein the user data comprises location information in three-dimensional space of predetermined points of the sub-area of the head or of the sub-area of the system, and a parameter-determining device which is designed, based on the user data, at least part of the optical parameters of the subject ( 30 ) to determine; and wherein - the data output device is designed to at least part of the user's specific optical parameters ( 30 ). Contraption ( 10 ) according to one of the preceding claims with at least two image recording devices ( 14 . 16 ), which are each designed and arranged, - comparison image data of at least a portion of the head of the user in the absence of glasses ( 38 ) and / or in the absence of the at least one spectacle lens ( 50 ) and at least a portion of an auxiliary structure ( 53 ) and image data of a substantially identical subarea of the user's head with spectacles arranged thereon ( 38 ) and / or arranged thereon at least one spectacle lens ( 50 ) and at least the subarea of the auxiliary structure ( 53 ), wherein - the data processing device is designed on the basis of the image data, on the basis of the comparison image data and on the basis of at least the subarea of the auxiliary structure ( 53 ), the position of the glasses ( 38 ) and / or the at least one spectacle lens ( 50 ) relative to the pupil center of the corresponding eye of the user ( 30 ) in zero-sighting direction, and wherein - the data output device is designed the position of the spectacles ( 38 ) and / or the at least one spectacle lens ( 50 ) relative to the pupil center of the corresponding eye of the user ( 30 ) in the zero direction. Method for determining parameters of a subject ( 30 ) comprising the steps: - at least partially illuminating a head of a subject ( 30 ) with polarized light, - generating image data of at least partial areas of the subject's head ( 30 ), wherein in the generated image data polarized light is displayed at least partially weakened, - determining user data, in particular individual parameters of the subject ( 30 ) by means of the generated image data and - outputting the image data and / or the user da th. The method of claim 18, wherein - the Light for illuminating linearly polarized light is the linear polarized light parallel to a first direction of illumination polarization (BPR) is essentially completely linearly polarized and where - linearly polarized in the generated image data Light different to a first acquisition polarization direction (APR) is polarized, at least partially weakened is. A method according to claim 19, comprising the step of: adjusting the illumination polarization direction (BPR) and / or the recording polarization direction (APR) such that light reflected in the image data, in particular by the subject ( 30 ) reflected light is at least partially weakened. Computer program product comprising program parts, which, when loaded in and executed by a computer, for carrying out a method according to one of the claims 18 to 20 are suitable.