DE102009001458A1 - electric machine - Google Patents

Abstract

Electric machine (5), in particular for a motor vehicle (3), comprising a housing (9), a shaft (8), a stator (6), a rotor (7), a conveying device (10) for a cooling fluid for conveying the cooling fluid in the region of the stator (6) and / or the rotor (7) for cooling the electric machine (5), wherein the rotor (7) is provided with at least one channel (11) for passing the cooling fluid through the conveyor (10) through the Rotor (7).

Description

The The present invention relates to an electric machine according to the The preamble of claim 1 and a drive device according to the preamble of claim 14.

State of the art

Driving means preferably hybrid drive devices, in particular with a Internal combustion engine and an electric machine, for example used to power motor vehicles. The as engine and generator functioning electric machine in the motor vehicle has an axis or shaft with a stator or rotor disposed thereon. Of the Stator or rotor releases waste heat. That's why sufficient cooling of the electric machine required.

The Drive device has a housing in which the electric machine is arranged or which is part of the electric machine. at an open housing with an inlet opening and an outlet port is from a turbomachine, for. B. a fan, air passed through the housing to to cool the electric machine.

From the JP 2006-230154 is an electric machine with a hollow shaft and a stator arranged on the hollow shaft known. A rotor rotates about the stationary stator by means of a bearing on the hollow axle. A fan delivers air for cooling through the hollow axle to cool the hollow axle and the stator.

The DE 10 2006 040 117 A1 shows a hybrid drive unit for a motor vehicle for installation between an internal combustion engine and a vehicle transmission, which has an electric machine with a rotor and a stator and is operable as a motor or generator, wherein radially inside the electric machine at least one switchable clutch is arranged and the vehicle transmission a Transmission input shaft and a transmission housing, wherein the coolant, such as cooling oil, substantially for cooling the clutch by a central coolant supply from the transmission to the hybrid drive unit and can be discharged and that the central coolant supply is followed by a substantially closed coolant circuit and that in the region of the coupling a pressure compensation space is provided, which can be flowed through by the coolant of the coolant circuit.

Disclosure of the invention

Advantages of the invention

invention Electric machine, in particular for a motor vehicle, comprising a housing, a shaft, a stator, one, preferably connected to the shaft, rotor, a conveyor for a cooling fluid for conveying the cooling fluid in the region of the stator and / or the rotor for cooling the Electric machine, wherein the rotor provided with at least one channel is for passing the cooling fluid by means of the conveyor through the rotor. The formation of at least one channel in the rotor has the advantage that the rotor is not only on the outside can be cooled by the cooling fluid, but also cool the rotor inside the rotor, the cooling fluid can. This is a particularly efficient and uniform Cooling possible in the entire cross section of the rotor.

Especially the at least one channel is formed in the axial direction of the shaft. In an axial alignment of the at least one channel the cooling fluid is particularly easily passed through the rotor because a promotion of the cooling fluid in axial direction is particularly simple executable.

In a further embodiment, the at least one channel with a Deviation of less than 30 ° in the axial direction of the Shaft formed.

In a supplementary embodiment have at least two channels with a deviation of 20% the same distance to the axis of the shaft.

In In another embodiment, the cooling fluid is at least two adjacent channels in the opposite direction eligible.

Preferably is the at least one channel with a deviation of less than 30 ° formed in the radial direction of the shaft.

In In one variant, the stator is provided with at least one channel for passing the cooling fluid through the stator. The extra Forming at least one channel also on the stator for passing the cooling fluid through the stator allows it, too the stator in cross section substantially evenly to cool. This also allows the stator to be effectively cooled become.

expedient is the at least one channel with a deviation of less than 30 ° aligned in the axial direction of the shaft.

In a further embodiment, the Conveying device as a turbomachine for passing the cooling fluid through the at least one channel formed.

Especially the turbomachine has an impeller with at least a formed on the impeller blade.

In In another embodiment, the impeller is connected to the shaft to drive the impeller. In a mechanical connection of the Impeller with the shaft is no additional drive unit required to move the impeller. This allows the conveyor be particularly easy to run. Further occur high speeds of the shaft also larger amounts of waste heat on the rotor and / or stator on and at larger Speeds will also produce a larger amount of cooling fluid promoted per unit time of the impeller with blades. Thereby occurs an automatic adjustment of the flow of cooling fluid to the occurring amount of waste heat on the rotor and / or on the stator.

In Another embodiment is the turbomachine drivable by a, preferably electric, drive unit. The turbomachine can thus independent of the speed of the shaft to be driven. For example, from a Temperature sensor, the temperature at the stator and / or on the rotor and / or be detected on the housing of the electric machine and in dependence from the temperature, z. B. above a certain threshold temperature, the drive unit is turned on by means of a control unit.

In a complementary variant, the impeller is disc-shaped educated.

In In a further variant, the at least one blade is at one formed facing away from the rotor side of the impeller and the Impeller has at least one opening through which the cooling fluid through the at least one blade through is. In particular, the at least one opening in each case aligned with the at least one channel of the rotor.

In In another embodiment, the cooling fluid is through the at least one opening in the impeller to the at least a channel and through the at least one channel by means of at least a bucket conveyed or vice versa.

Especially is the cooling fluid air.

A Drive device according to the invention, preferably Hybrid drive device, in particular for a motor vehicle, comprising preferably an internal combustion engine, in particular for driving the motor vehicle, preferably at least one housing, at least one, preferably in the at least one housing arranged, electric machine with a stator and a rotor, wherein the at least one electric machine according to a formed in this patent application electrical machine is.

In a further embodiment, the at least one housing several parts.

In an additional embodiment is the housing one piece.

In In another embodiment, the at least one electric machine functions as a motor and / or as a generator.

One Motor vehicle according to the invention comprises an in this patent application described electrical machine and / or a drive device described in this patent application.

In In a further embodiment, the motor vehicle comprises rechargeable Batteries. The batteries supply electrical power to the electric machine and when decelerating the motor vehicle by means of the electric machine can generate the batteries from that of the electric machine electric current to be charged. In addition, you can the batteries also during a standstill of the motor vehicle, for example, from a public power grid, charged become. In particular, the batteries are lithium-ion batteries educated.

Brief description of the drawings

in the The following will be an embodiment of the invention with reference to the accompanying drawings described. It shows:

1 a highly schematic representation of a hybrid drive device,

2 a longitudinal section of an electric machine,

3 a perspective view of a rotor and a shaft of the electric machine according to 2 .

4 a perspective view of an impeller with blades of the electric machine according to 2 and

5 a view of a motor vehicle.

embodiments the invention

In 1 is a hybrid drive device 2 trained drive device 1 for a motor vehicle 3 shown. The hybrid drive device 2 for a motor vehicle 3 includes an internal combustion engine 4 as well as an electric machine 5 that as engine 17 and generator 18 acts, respectively for driving or decelerating the motor vehicle 3 , The internal combustion engine 4 and the electric machine 5 are by means of a drive shaft 20 connected with each other. The mechanical coupling between the internal combustion engine 4 and the electric machine 5 can by means of a clutch 19 produced and lifted. Furthermore, in the drive shaft 20 that the internal combustion engine 4 and the electric machine 5 Coupled with each other, an elasticity 21 arranged. The electric machine 5 is with a differential gear 23 mechanically coupled. In the drive shaft 20 which the electric machine 5 and the differential gear 23 Connecting with each other is a converter 22 and a gearbox 27 arranged. By means of the differential gear 23 be over the wheel axles 24 the drive wheels 25 driven.

Instead of in 1 illustrated arrangement of the internal combustion engine 4 and the electric machine 5 for the motor vehicle 3 Other possibilities are conceivable (not shown). For example, the electric machine 5 laterally on the internal combustion engine 4 be arranged and by means of a belt or a chain or gears with the internal combustion engine 4 be mechanically connected instead of in 1 illustrated drive shaft 20 (not shown). In addition, the electric machine could 5 on a transmission, z. B. a differential, be arranged or the electric machine 5 can act as a wheel hub motor and / or as a hub generator, ie be arranged in the region of a wheel hub (not shown).

2 shows the electric machine 5 for the hybrid drive device 2 as Innenpolmaschine in a first embodiment with a fixed stator 6 and a rotating rotor 7 the hybrid drive device 1 in a highly simplified representation, so that, for example, electrical lines, the windings of the stator 6 and the rotor 7 , and fixing means for the stator 6 are not shown or only greatly simplified. A wave 8th consists of metal, z. As steel, on which the rotor 7 is arranged concentrically, the shaft 8th and the rotor 7 by means of a bearing, not shown, on the fixed housing 9 are stored. The wave 8th , the rotor 7 and the stator 6 are inside the case 9 arranged. Concentric around the rotor 7 is the stator 6 on a housing 9 arranged, which is secured thereto by means not shown fixing. The stator 6 can also without additional fixative on the housing 9 be attached, z. B. by means of pressing compound and / or shrinkage composite. The wave 8th is within the hybrid drive device 2 with the drive shaft 20 the hybrid drive device 2 connected or constitutes a part of the drive shaft 20 represents.

The rotor 7 the electric machine 5 has twelve channels 11 for passing a cooling fluid through the rotor 7 on. In 2 are only in cross section two of the twelve channels 11 shown. The wave 8th has an axis 26 on. The twelve channels 11 are at the same distance from the axis 26 the wave 8th in the axial direction to the axis 26 in the rotor 7 educated. At both ends of the rotor 7 is in each axial direction of the shaft 8th consider one each as a turbomachine 12 trained conveyor 10 present, ie a first turbomachine 12a and a second turbomachine 12b , The turbomachines 12 serve the cooling fluid through the twelve channels 11 to promote. The turbomachine 12 is as an impeller 13 with blades arranged thereon 14 educated. The shovels 14 ( 2 . 3 and 4 ) on the impeller 13 are in the axial and radial direction of the shaft 8th trained and the blades 14 are at the to the rotor 7 opposite side 15 of in 4 shown impeller 13 available. Deviating from this, the blades can 14 also curved ( 2 ) (not in 4 shown; insofar are in 2 shovel 14 mapped with a different geometry than in 4 ). The impeller 13 is stuck with the shaft 8th connected so that the impeller 13 a rotational movement of the shaft 8th in the same way as the wave 8th , The impeller 13 is in 4 without a cover disk 28 displayed. The shovels 14 are thus between the in 4 pictured part of the impeller 13 and the cover disk 28 ( 2 and 3 ) educated. The cover disk 28 represents an impeller 13 is and is part of the turbomachine 12 , Two adjacent channels 11 of the rotor 7 are thereby flowed through in the opposite direction of the cooling fluid.

In the 3 pictured six openings 16 of the impeller 13 the first turbomachine 12a serve the cooling fluid, ie air, in the first six channels 11 initiate. The six openings 16 have the same size as the channels 11 , with the six openings 16 , what a 3 are shown, congruent to the corresponding channels 11 are formed or aligned, through which the air through the openings 16 and then through the appropriate channels 11 flows. At the wheel 13 with shovels 14 are also radial openings 29 available. The radial openings 29 form between the cover disc 28 the shovels 14 and the remaining disc-shaped part of the impeller 13 as shown in 4 , The second turbomachine 12b which in the 3 without the openings 16 of the impeller 13 is shown, promotes the air due to the centrifugal force and the rotational movement of the impeller 13 with the blades 14 by means of negative pressure according to the principle of the radial fan. The second turbomachine 12b thus serves to air through the openings 16 the cover disk 28 the first turbomachine 12a sucked in, this sucked air then flows through the six channels 11 of the rotor 7 and subsequently flows through six radial openings 29 the in 3 further illustrated second turbomachine 12b out again.

In reverse, the air flows through six openings 16 (not in 3 shown) on the second turbomachine 12b , then through six more channels 11 in the rotor 7 and then flows through six radial openings 29 at the first turbomachine 12a out again. The first and second turbomachine 12a . 12b serve to suck in air and the air through the six channels 11 and the corresponding aligned six openings 16 in the cover disks 28 to suck. This is through the twelve channels 11 of the rotor 7 each adjacent in the opposite direction, the air as the cooling fluid for cooling the rotor 7 passed through. Advantageously, thus the rotor 7 not only on the outside, but also cooled on the inside. This allows in cross section an approximately constant temperature distribution within the rotor 7 , thereby providing a safe and reliable cooling of the rotor 7 , especially at higher speeds, is guaranteed. The through the channels 11 The amount of air delivered per unit of time depends on the centrifugal force in the turbomachinery 12a . 12b from. The higher the speed of the shaft 8th and thus the turbomachine 12a . 12b is, the higher the amount of air delivered. Furthermore, even at high speeds, a large amount of waste heat occurs in the rotor 7 on.

The housing 9 does not have openings shown in the figures, through which the air in the housing 9 flows in and is discharged. These openings on the housing 9 are approximately in the area of the openings 16 on the two cover disks 28 as well as in the area of the radial openings 29 educated. As a result, in a simple manner, air from the environment of the electric machine 5 through the rotor 7 be routed for cooling the electric machine 5 ,

Overall, considered with the drive device according to the invention 1 or electric machine 5 significant benefits. The cooling fluid is passed through the rotor 7 in channels 11 by means of two turbomachines 12a . 12b directed, allowing a uniform cooling of the rotor 7 is guaranteed.

QUOTES INCLUDE IN THE DESCRIPTION

This list The documents listed by the applicant have been automated generated and is solely for better information recorded by the reader. The list is not part of the German Patent or utility model application. The DPMA takes over no liability for any errors or omissions.

Cited patent literature

• - JP 2006-230154 [0004]
• - DE 102006040117 A1 [0005]

Claims (15)

Electric machine ( 5 ), in particular for a motor vehicle ( 3 ), comprising - a housing ( 9 ), - a wave ( 8th ), - a stator ( 6 ), - a rotor ( 7 ), - a conveyor ( 10 ) for a cooling fluid for conveying the cooling fluid in the region of the stator ( 6 ) and / or the rotor ( 7 ) for cooling the electric machine ( 5 ), characterized in that the rotor ( 7 ) with at least one channel ( 11 ) is provided for passing the cooling fluid by means of the conveyor ( 10 ) through the rotor ( 7 ). Electric machine according to claim 1, characterized in that the at least one channel ( 11 ) in the axial direction of the shaft ( 8th ) is trained. Electric machine according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the at least one channel ( 11 ) with a deviation of less than 30 ° in the axial direction of the shaft ( 8th ) is trained. Electric machine according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that at least two channels ( 11 ) with a deviation of 20% the same distance to an axis ( 26 ) the wave ( 8th ) exhibit. Electric machine according to claim 1, characterized in that the at least one channel ( 11 ) with a deviation of less than 30 ° in the radial direction of the shaft ( 8th ) is trained. Electric machine according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that the stator ( 6 ) with at least one channel ( 11 ) is provided for passing the cooling fluid through the stator ( 6 ). Electric machine according to claim 6, characterized in that the at least one channel ( 11 ) with a deviation of less than 30 ° in the axial direction of the shaft ( 8th ) is aligned. Electric machine according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that the conveying device ( 10 ) as a turbomachine ( 12 ) for passing the cooling fluid through the at least one channel ( 11 ) is trained. Electric machine according to claim 8, characterized in that the turbomachine ( 12 ) an impeller ( 13 ) with at least one on the impeller ( 13 ) trained scoop ( 14 ) having. Electric machine according to claim 9, characterized in that the impeller ( 13 ) with the wave ( 8th ) is connected to the drive of the impeller ( 13 ). Electric machine according to claim 9 or 10, characterized in that the impeller ( 13 ) is disc-shaped. Electric machine according to one or more of claims 9 to 11, characterized in that the at least one blade ( 14 ) at one to the rotor ( 7 ) facing away from the impeller ( 13 ) is formed and the impeller ( 13 ) at least one opening ( 16 ), by which the cooling fluid by means of the at least one blade ( 14 ) is passable .. Electric machine according to claim 12, characterized in that the cooling fluid through the at least one opening ( 16 ) in the impeller ( 13 ) to the at least one channel ( 11 ) and through the at least one channel ( 11 ) by means of the at least one blade ( 14 ) or vice versa. Electric machine according to one or more of the preceding Claims, characterized in that the cooling fluid Air is. Drive device ( 1 ), preferably hybrid drive device ( 2 ), in particular for a motor vehicle ( 3 ), comprising - preferably an internal combustion engine ( 4 ), in particular for driving the motor vehicle ( 3 ), - at least one electric machine ( 5 ) with a stator ( 6 ) and a rotor ( 7 ), in particular for driving the motor vehicle ( 3 ), characterized in that the at least one electric machine is designed according to one or more of the preceding claims.