DE102008061877B3 - Apparatus to determine process conditions during coating profile body on its surface, to determine electrolyte characteristics and/or to determine process conditions to deposit layer with determined layer properties, comprises profile body - Google Patents

Abstract

The apparatus for the determination of process conditions during coating a profile body (5) on its surface, for the determination of the characteristics of an electrolyte and/or for the determination of the process conditions for the deposition of a layer with determined layer properties and/or for coating a profile body, comprises a profile body formed as electrode, a rotatable counter electrode, and a container (1) filled with an electrolyte, where the profile body and the counter electrode are arranged within the electrolytes in the container. The apparatus for the determination of process conditions during coating a profile body (5) on its surface, for the determination of the characteristics of an electrolyte and/or for the determination of the process conditions for the deposition of a layer with determined layer properties and/or for coating a profile body, comprises a profile body formed as electrode, a rotatable counter electrode, and a container (1) filled with an electrolyte, where the profile body and the counter electrode are arranged within the electrolytes in the container, so that the profile body is present in the interior of the counter electrode, which is formed from several bodies (3). The profile body and the electrolyte are rotatable relative to each other with a determinable defined rotating speed. The shape of the profile body is formed, so that local flow velocities are produced on the surface of the profile body by the relative rotation of the profile body and the electrolyte and local current densities are produced by applying a voltage between the profile body and the counter electrode. A flow-velocity gradient of the local flow velocities along the profile body surface and a current-density gradient of the local current densities along the profile body surface do not stand vertical to each other. The profile body and the counter electrode are connected to a current source, so that the profile body is switched as cathode and the counter electrode is switched as anode. The profile body is rotatable in the electrolyte and/or the electrolyte is displaceable in rotation against the profile body. The cross-section of the profile body has a shape vertical to its rotation axis over the total length of the profile body to be coated. The shape of the cross-section is formed, so that the current-density gradient and the flow velocity gradient are produced onto the surface of the profile body along the cross-section. The profile body has a non-rotational symmetrical cross-section vertical to its rotation axis and has edges parallel to its rotation axis with a radius of 50 mu m. The profile body is a component with different geometric elements such as bores, gaps, grooves, edges, curves and/or sections and/or with areas of strong curve, where the component is processable and/or applicable to non-trial purposes after the coating. The rotating speeds of the profile body and/or electrolyte are changeable. The bodies, from which the counter electrode is formed, have a circular, elliptical or prismatic cross-section vertical to the rotation axis of the profile body and have a length larger, equal or smaller than the length of the profile body. The profile body is positioned in the interior of the counter electrode, where the distance between the profile body and the counter electrode is constant or variable. Independent claims are included for: (1) a method for the determination of flow velocity distribution and/or the current density distribution on a surface of the profile body; (2) a method for characterizing a first local flow velocity dependent property and/or a second local current density dependent property of an electrolyte using a profile body; (3) a method for calculating deposition conditions; and (4) a method for producing a layer on a profile body from an electrolyte.

Description

The The present invention relates to the field of electrochemical Metal deposition on the determination of process conditions in the Coating a profile body, on the determination of the characteristic of an electrolyte and / or on the determination of the process conditions for the deposition of a layer with certain characteristics.

at the electrochemical coating of a body is usually the body in a liquid, mostly watery Medium (electrolyte) in which various necessary for the coating Ingredients in dissolved Form, wherein the deposition driven by an external electric field becomes. The properties of a deposited layer depend on the composition of the electrolyte, which ions of the metal to be deposited and other anions and / or cations of various inorganic Salts and / or organic substances, as well as the process conditions on the surface of the body while the separation process. Sun strikes For example, the deposition rate, which of the Electrolyte composition, the locally acting current density of the external electrical Field as well as the local flow velocity depends on the electrolyte, in the value of the layer thickness of the deposited layer.

The However, layer thickness is of particular importance in industrial practice Meaning, as a coating below the required minimum layer thickness leads to rejects and a coating above the required maximum layer thickness leads, that more material is deposited than technically necessary is.

Around in a metal electrochemical deposition, a layer with certain Layer properties, in particular with a specific layer thickness, to receive the process parameters, such as the current density and / or the flow rate on the surface a body, on which the layer is to be deposited, as well as the electrolyte properties selected accordingly become. A layer with certain layer properties can therefore be deposited only if certain requirements regarding the Process conditions and the electrolyte properties as possible be adhered to exactly. For the targeted control of the deposition process is therefore essential the local current densities and the local flow velocities at each Point of the body to determine and the process parameters, such as rotational speed and current, to align it.

• – Wie lässt sich die lokale Stromdichte auf einem Körper in Abhängigkeit von der Anodenkonfiguration und den Strömungsverhältnissen bestimmen?
• – Wie ist der Einfluss der Strömungsgeschwindigkeit des Elektrolyten auf die Abscheiderate bei gegebener Stromdichte?
• – Wie lassen sich die Eigenschaften von Elektrolyten in elektrochemischen Abscheideprozessen bestimmen?

Before the beginning of each deposition process, in which a layer with certain properties is to be deposited, the following questions arise:

• - How to determine the local current density on a body as a function of the anode configuration and the flow conditions?
• - What is the influence of the flow velocity of the electrolyte on the deposition rate at a given current density?
• - How to determine the properties of electrolytes in electrochemical deposition processes?

in the Prior art will be used to answer the above Questions often protracted and depending on the geometry of the coating Component carried out very difficult series of experiments, with interactions of Current density, flow velocity and body geometry are mostly empirically not detectable. So many attempts necessary to the effect of each factor on the properties to determine the deposited layer.

there allows the use of a conventional rotating cylinder electrode the investigation of various electrochemical parameters of a Electrolyte. Over time, cylinder electrodes became very much different surfaces designed to study different effects and phenomena in the process. In most cases however, the cylindrical geometry of the two electrodes was retained. Gabe et al. give in "The rotating cylinder electrode: its continued development and application "(Journal of applied electrochemistry 28 (1998), p. 759-780) gives an overview of the Theory and the fields of application of rotating cylindrical electrodes.

Around in an attempt the effect of different current densities on one To examine electrode, were also cells with a conical Electrode (anode or cathode) used. This creates along the rotational axis of the cathode is a Stromdichtegradient. Will one used conical anode the effect of different current density at constant flow rate investigate. If a conical cathode is used, it forms along its axis of rotation not only a Stromdichtegradient but also a flow velocity gradient. However, the change is of current density and flow velocity coupled directly to each other because it depends on the same geometry. In addition, can be with such a cell the influence of certain surface elements like drilling holes, steps or edges do not examine directly.

A Test device for determining current density and flow-dependent deposition characteristics of electrolytes is the so-called Mohler cell. Here is in one along the Cathode flowed through Cell through a mask between the anode and cathode a Stromdichtegradient generated. However, this cell is also limited to smooth electrode surfaces. A modified Mohler cell is described by M. Teeratananon et al. in "Experimental investigation of the current distribution in Mohler cell and rotating cylin of Hull cell "(ScienceAsia 30 (2004): p. 375-381) compared with a Hull cell with a rotating cylindrical electrode.

A another possibility To answer the above questions lies in the simulation of electric field distribution and the layer thickness with knowledge of Electrolyte properties. Also the flow in a coating cell can be simulated.

The Simulation of electric field distribution on a body is today by appropriate software possible. Also the calculation a flow in a given cell can with the help of CFD programs (programs for numeric Fluid Mechanics - computational fluid dynamics) performed become. However, the coupling of these simulations is still today consuming. The determination of the local interactions of flow and current density is not for today any geometry solved.

Of the Effort for the creation of simulation models, their integration and the Determination of the required electrochemical parameter is very high. Another disadvantage this method is their dependence from the electrochemical parameters of the electrolyte. Will the Composition of the electrolyte changed in order to certain ways Properties of the metal coating to change, have to also the electrochemical parameters are redetermined. This extends the Optimization clearly.

A. I. Dikusar et al. describe in "Throwing power of a dilute Sulfuric acid copper plating electrolyte during intensive electrodeposition "(Russian Journal of Electrochemistry, vol. 41, no. 1, 2005, p. 82-86) the determination of electrolyte properties in dependence from the current density by means of a Hull cell with rotating cylindrical electrode.

The EP 0 045 970 A1 discloses a method for determining the current efficiency in galvanic baths.

outgoing It is therefore an object of the present invention to provide the process conditions, in particular the local flow velocities and the local current densities, and / or the electrolyte properties on as simple as possible and fast way to determine and if necessary on one body to deposit a layer with certain layer properties.

task Thus, the present invention solves the above problems fast and cost-effective with a simple set-up to solve.

These The object is achieved by the device for determining process conditions in the coating of a profile body on the surface and / or for determining the characteristic of an electrolyte and / or for Determining the process conditions for the deposition of a layer with certain layer properties and / or for coating a profile body (hereinafter referred to as "coating apparatus") according to claim 1 and the method for determining process conditions in the coating of a profile body according to claim 12, 15 or 16, the method for determining the characteristic of an electrolyte according to one of the claims 13, 14 or 16 and the procedures for determining the process conditions for the Depositing a layer with certain layer properties one of the claims 17 or 18 solved. Advantageous developments of the device according to the invention and the method according to the invention are in the respective dependent claims given.

According to the invention, a coating device has at least one profiled body formed as an electrode, a counterelectrode and a container filled with an electrolyte. Profile body and counter electrode are arranged inside the electrolyte in the container so that the profile body is located in the interior of the counter electrode. The counter electrode contains one or more bodies. The profile body and the electrolyte rotate with a determinable defined rotational speed within the electrolyte in the container relative to each other. Therefore, before the coating process, a certain rotational speed is selected, which is kept constant during the deposition process. By varying the rotational speed, the flow rate can be changed. In the coating apparatus according to the invention, the shape of the profile body is designed such that on the surface of the profile body by the relative rotation of profile body and electrolyte local flow velocities and by applying a voltage between the profile body and the counter electrode local current densities are generated, the Strömungsgeschwindigkeitsgradient the local Flow velocities along the surface of the profile body and the Stromdichtegradient the local Current densities along the surface of the profile body are not perpendicular to each other. Due to the fact that the directional vectors of the flow rate gradient and the current density gradient are not perpendicular to one another, it is possible to observe certain electrolyte properties as well as specific layer properties of a deposited layer only as a function of one of the two process conditions, flow velocity or current density.

The Coating device according to the invention is suitable, for example, for the process conditions, ie the local current densities as well as the local flow velocities, at the coating of a profile body on its surface to determine. The process conditions on the profile body surface are thereby of the profile body geometry dependent and can using known electrolyte properties from the properties a deposited layer are determined. Furthermore, the Coating device for determining the characteristic of a Electrolytes (electrolyte properties) can be used by using of known process conditions on the profile body surface, on which a layer was deposited from the properties of the deposited layer is concluded on the electrolyte properties. Another applicability the coating device according to the invention lies in it, a layer with predetermined layer properties deposition, with the process conditions on the profile body surface as well the electrolyte properties are selected accordingly in advance. On the application of the coating device according to the invention is later Body, when the respective methods according to the invention are presented, received.

There the coating device preferably for depositing a layer on a profile body can be used are the profile body and the counter electrode is connected to a power source, that the profile body are connected as the cathode and the counter electrode as the anode. Should in contrast, for example, a layer will be dissolved, this will be the profile body as the anode and the counter electrode as the cathode. Depending on the application can profile body and counter electrode connected to a power source accordingly be.

Of the profile body is preferably completely or partially in the electrolyte liquid while the counter electrode is completely or may be partially disposed in the electrolyte.

The relative movement between profile body and electrolyte can either come about by the fact that the profile body within the electrolyte with a certain rotational speed which is proportional to Is the number of revolutions, rotates, or that the electrolyte is opposite to that Profile body in Rotation is offset. additionally it is possible, that is both the profile body in the electrolyte turns as well as the electrolyte moves around the profile body, while the rotational speed by the movement of both the profile body as well as the electrolyte is affected. The rotation of the profile body can for example, with the help of a motor. The electrolyte can by means of a stirrer, a Pump with nozzle or be set in rotation by means of moving paddles. The local flow rates can so by a single flow or an overlay of two or more currents be determined.

The Coating device may further comprise an additional nozzle, which is for a non-linear flow on the surface of the profile body provides. So it will be additional to the relative movement between profile body and counter electrode a direction which is not parallel to the flow passing through the said relative movement is created, fed an additional flow. There is thus an overlay the currents, which influences the local process conditions on the profile body surface.

Preferably has the profile body the coating device according to the invention a cross section perpendicular to the axis of rotation of the profile body, which over the entire length to be coated of the profile body has a constant shape. As profile body thus offers a Prism on. The term "prism" is a elongated body to understand which along a plane any cross-section and whose cross section does not change over the entire length or the Cross-section along an axis perpendicular to the plane remains the same. As a prism can be in addition to elongated bodies with, for example, three-polygonal cross-section and a metal sheet or a foil.

The profile body preferably has a surface in the range of 0.5 dm ² and 5 dm ² . Accordingly, the coating device is designed so that a profile body can be coated with such a surface.

Preferably the shape of the cross section of the profile body is designed such that on the surface of the profile body along the cross-section a Stromdichtegradient and a flow velocity gradient can be generated.

Preferably, the profile body has a non-rotation perpendicular to its axis of rotation symmetrical cross section, such as a three- to polygonal or ellipsoidal cross-section. If an angular two-dimensional shape is selected as the cross section, the profile body has edges with a radius of at least 1 μm, in particular 10 μm, in particular 50 μm, parallel to its axis of rotation.

The already mentioned advantageous embodiments are particularly useful as specimens. Furthermore can by means of the coating device according to the invention Layers on profile bodies, which represent a real component, are deposited. Such Components can then have different geometry elements, such as one or more holes, one or more columns, one or more several grooves, one or more edges, one or more curves and / or one or more paragraphs, and / or areas of high curvature. Such profile body will be after being coated, not analyzed or used for test purposes, but further processed in various components.

In the coating device, the profile body between two panels be clamped, both apertures are conductive or non-conductive can or wherein one of the two apertures is conductive and the second non-conductive can be.

The Rotational speed, which is due to the relative movement between profile body and electrolyte is defined is changeable, d. H. it can be different Rotation speeds are set. This is preferred Beginning of the deposition process a certain rotational speed set which over the entire coating process is kept constant. Before a further coating process, the rotational speed can then changed become. The speed of rotation depends on the respective Examining goal and can any speed between a minimum speed and a maximum speed. By the change the rotational speed can different flow regimes For example, laminar or turbulent flows are adjusted.

The Counterelectrode of the coating device according to the invention can be from one or more bodies be composed. Is the counter electrode of a single body constructed, so it is an elongated hollow body with a round, a circular, an elliptical or a prismatic cross section, for example a hollow cylinder or a hollow prism. Indicates the counter electrode but more than one body on, so are these individual bodies elongated and have a round, elliptical or prismatic cross-section on. It can So hollow or solid cylinder and hollow or full prisms, but also sheets or foils are used. The individual bodies can then symmetrical about the profile body be arranged. Preferably, they are then on a ring of metal attached. The length of the or the body or body forming the counterelectrode preferably a length greater than, equal to or smaller than the length of the profile body.

Preferably is the profile body in the interior of the counterelectrode, which consist of one or more bodies can, so positioned that the distance between the profile body and the body or bodies forming the counterelectrode are constant or variable is. Depending on the arrangement can different current density gradients are generated.

The Counterelectrode of the coating device according to the invention can be rotatable relative to the electrolyte and / or relative to the profile body be. For this purpose, for example, a motor can be used.

in the Next, various methods will be described, their purpose This is either due to the process conditions on the surface of a profile body determine or determine the electrolyte properties or one Deposit layer with predetermined layer properties.

First of all, a profile body with a surface form A and an electrolyte A with known separation properties will be present. The process conditions, ie the flow velocity distribution and / or the current density distribution on the surface of the profile body with the surface shape A are unknown. By contrast, the deposition conditions of the electrolyte A, which are described at least by a first property, which is dependent on the local flow velocities, and / or by a second property, which depends at least on the local current densities, are known. The object of the method described below is to determine at least the flow velocity distribution and / or the current density distribution on the surface of the profile body. For this purpose, in a method step A, the profile body with the surface form A is rotated as an electrode and the electrolyte A is rotated relative to one another at a predetermined constant rotational speed in the interior of a counterelectrode. By applying a current between the profile body and the counter electrode, a layer is electrodeposited. In a subsequent process step B, the deposited layer is then analyzed. For this purpose, at least one property of the layer, which is influenced at least by the first and / or the second property of the electrolyte A, is determined. Examples for the at least one property of the deposited layer are the layer thickness, the layer composition or the layer hardness. Depending on the test objective, in a method step C using the first and / or the second property of the electrolyte A and the at least one property of the deposited layer which was determined in method step B, either the flow velocity distribution on the surface of the profile body with the surface shape A or determines the current density distribution on the surface of the profile body with the surface shape A or the flow velocity distribution and the current density distribution on the surface of said profile body.

Should both the local flow rates as well as the local current densities on the surface of a profile body with the surface shape A be determined, so there is a possibility, first off an electrolyte Ax with known deposition properties on one profile body with the surface shape A galvanic deposit a layer, analyze the layer and from the results on the local flow velocities to determine the profile body surface. Subsequently can consist of an electrolyte Ay, again with known separation properties, on a profile body with the surface shape A galvanic deposit a layer, measure the layer and determine the local current densities from the measurement results become. Naturally can first also a profile body with the surface shape A can be coated and the deposited layer analyzed, at first the to determine local current densities.

are now an electrolyte A with known separation properties, an electrolyte B with unknown Abscheideeigenschaften and a profile body with the surface shape A, where the local flow velocities and the local current densities on the surface are unknown, present, so can first the local flow velocities and / or the local current densities on the surface of the profile body with the surface shape A, as already described above, are determined. Then exists the possibility, using the flow velocity distribution and / or the current density distribution on the profile body surface the deposition properties of the electrolyte B to determine. This is done in one step D from an electrolyte B on a profile body with the surface shape A galvanically deposited a layer, wherein the profile body and the Electrolyte B at a predetermined constant rotational speed, preferably with the rotational speed used in method step A, in Inside a counter electrode rotate relative to each other and where profile body and counter electrode are connected to a power source. In one process step E then becomes the deposited layer, which has at least one property comprising, at least from the first and / or second property depends on the electrolyte B, at least analyzed one of these properties. For example, the layer thickness measured or the layer composition or the layer hardness determined become. Using the local flow velocities and / or the local current densities on the surface of the profile body with the surface shape A and the at least one property determined in method step E Layer can now dependency the first and / or second property of the electrolyte B of current density or flow rate be determined. The properties of an electrolyte include, for example the deposition rate, the current yield and / or the Composition of the deposited layer.

Should using an electrolyte A with known deposition properties and a profile body with a surface shape A, wherein the current density distribution and / or the flow velocity distribution on its surface is unknown, the deposition properties of other electrolytes can be determined with these, as described for the electrolyte B, be moved.

At this point, the starting point of a further method according to the invention is the situation where an electrolyte B whose deposition properties are unknown and a profile body with a surface shape B, the current density distribution and the flow velocity distribution being known on its surface, are present. The object is now to determine at least one first and / or one second property of the electrolyte B, wherein the first property depends on at least the local flow velocity and the second property depends at least on the local current densities on the surface of the profile body having the surface shape B. For this purpose, in a method step A, a profile body as an electrode and an electrolyte B are rotated relative to each other at a predefined constant rotational speed in the interior of a counterelectrode, profile body and counterelectrode being connected to a current source. In this case, a layer is now deposited galvanically. The deposited layer has at least one property which depends at least on the first and / or the second property of the electrolyte B. In a method step B, the deposited layer is measured with respect to at least one of its properties. From the measured values for the at least one layer property as well as the known values for the flow velocity keitsverteilung and the current density distribution on the surface of the profile body with the surface shape B can now be determined in a process step C, the first and / or the second property of the electrolyte B. As a first or second property of the electrolyte, the deposition rate and / or the current efficiency can be counted.

aid a profile body with a surface shape B, wherein the current density distribution and / or the flow velocity distribution on its surface are known according to the method described all electrolytes with unknown Separation properties are examined. This has the advantage that z. For example, newly developed electrolytes quickly become Abscheideeigenschaften examined and thus, if appropriate applications are present, can be used industrially.

Becomes now assumed that an electrolyte B with unknown separation properties, a profile body with the surface shape A, where the flow velocity distribution and the current density distribution on its surface are unknown, and a profile body with the surface shape B, where the flow velocity distribution and the current density distribution on the surface thereof are known are, so can the local flow velocities and / or the local current densities on the surface of the profile body with the surface shape A can be determined by proceeding as described below. First, will as in the process just described in the process steps A to C the first and / or the second property of the electrolyte certainly. Subsequently is in a step D on a profile body with the surface shape A from the electrolyte B electrodeposited a layer, wherein the profile body as the electrode and the electrolyte B at a predetermined constant rotational speed rotate inside a counter electrode relative to each other and the profile body and the counter electrode are connected to a power source. The deposited layer again has at least one property which at least of the first and / or the second property of the electrolyte B depends. In a method step E, the deposited layer is at least one of their properties analyzed. In a subsequent process step F can now using the values determined in step C for the first and / or the second property of the electrolyte and the at least a property of the layer determined in method step E. the local flow velocities and / or the local current densities on the surface of a profile body with the surface shape A can be determined.

Regarding the just described method is at least one additional Variant to mention: Using the profile body with the surface shape B, where the flow velocity distribution and / or the current density distribution on the surface thereof can, an electrolyte Bx and an electrolyte By, their deposition properties are each unknown, analyzed and their Abscheideeigenschaften be determined. Subsequently can be a profile body with the surface shape A coated using the previously analyzed electrolyte Bx and the deposited layer are analyzed. From the known ones Values can now be the flow velocity distribution be calculated. Furthermore, a profile body with the surface shape A in the electrolyte By, whose precipitation properties were previously determined coated and the deposited layer are analyzed. from that can now be deduced on the local current densities. Consequently can using two electrolytes Bx and By the current density distribution and the flow velocity distribution be determined. It is irrelevant whether the first Flow velocity distribution or the current density distribution is determined.

aid of simulation programs for electrical Potential and field distribution can be the current density distribution the surface a profile body with the surface shape A, wherein the current density distribution and / or the flow velocity distribution on its surface are unknown, can be determined by simulation. It exists So the possibility that by using the methods described above to determine the current density distribution and / or the flow velocity distribution on the surface a profile body with the surface shape A merely a determination of the flow velocity distribution carried out becomes. The current density distribution, on the other hand, is assisted by simulation the known geometry of the surface shape A determined. A such an approach saves the additional determination of layer parameters the deposited layer, which at least from the local current densities on the surface depend on the profile body.

is for determining the current density distribution on the surface of a profile body with the surface shape A is the coating of a profile body with an additional Electrolytes necessary, so can the current density using the simulation cost-effective and be determined more easily.

If special requirements are placed on the layer properties of a deposited layer, it is possible to use the known flow velocity distribution and / or the known current density distribution on the surface of a profile body and a first at least dependent on local flow velocities and / or a second at least dependent on local current densities property of an electrolyte to determine the free parameters in the deposition process. The free parameters in the deposition process include the applied current and, in the case of pulsed current, the pulse parameters, the number of revolutions by which the rotational speed of profile bodies is influenced relative to the electrolyte, or the duration of the deposition process. Were now, as described above, the flow velocity distribution and / or the current density distribution on the surface of a profile body with the surface shape A by means of an electrolyte A whose Abscheideeigenschaften are known, or by means of a profile body with the surface shape B, wherein the current density distribution and / or Flow velocity distribution on the surface is known, and an electrolyte B whose Abscheiderep properties are unknown, or determined by simulation, it is then possible, in a subsequent process step from the first at least local flow velocities dependent properties and / or the second at least local current densities dependent property of the electrolyte A, which were either previously known or determined by means of the profile body with the surface shape B, and the previously determined local flow velocities u nd / or the local current densities on the surface of a profile body with the surface shape A, the conditions for the deposition of a layer, which should have at least one predetermined layer property to calculate. During the deposition process, the local flow velocities and / or the local current densities on the surface of the profile body to be coated must be controlled via the free parameters of the deposition process in such a way that the deposited layer complies with the specifications regarding at least one of its layer properties.

were on the other hand, as described above, the first at least local flow rates dependent Property and / or the second at least of local current densities dependent Property of the electrolyte B using a profile body with the surface shape B, where the local flow velocities and / or the local current densities are known on its surface, or by means of an electrolyte A, the first and / or second Property are known, and a profile body with the surface shape B, where the local flow velocities and / or the local current densities are known, so can be based on the determined results the free parameters for the deposition process a layer having at least one predetermined layer property inferred become. Depending on the given layer property, the set free parameters of the deposition process accordingly so while the deposition process, the local flow velocities and / or the local current densities chosen so are that a layer with at least one given property, z. B. minimum thickness or minimum hardness etc., can be deposited.

are now the free parameters for determines the deposition process, so a layer with at least a predetermined layer property deposited on a profile body become. Here is the profile body formed as an electrode. Rotate profile body and electrode relative to each other inside a counter electrode. With a current applied can now have a layer with a predetermined layer property be deposited galvanically. It should be noted that the Duration of the deposition process and / or the temperature during the Abscheindevorgengs influence on the layer properties of the deposited Can take shift.

in the Below are further features of the method variants described above explained. These refer to all Process variants, independent whether an electrolyte with known (A) or unknown (B) Properties and / or a profile body with unknown (A) or known (B) process conditions on its surface or several different ones Electrolytes and / or profile body with different surface shapes are predetermined.

at Each of the process variants described may have local flow rates not only from the relative rotational speed of the profile body in the electrolyte, but also from a superposition of two or more currents, which, for example, by the rotation of the profile body and by additional Caused nozzle will result.

It exists for every process variant the possibility perform one or more of the method steps multiple times. there can changed different parameters become, ultimately, dependencies between various properties of electrolytes and / or of profile body shapes and / or to find out the deposited layer.

The process steps A to C and / or D to F of the different process variants may preferably for the same or different electrolytes and / or profile body with the same or un different surface shapes are repeated. In addition, each of the rotational speed and / or the current can be maintained or changed. The duration of the deposition process can also be varied. This makes it possible, for example, to determine the first and / or the second property of different electrolytes by means of a profile body, or to determine the current density distribution and the flow velocity distribution on profile bodies having different surface shapes by means of a specific electrolyte. In addition, by means of a plurality of profiled bodies with different surface shapes, wherein the local current densities and the local flow velocities are known in each case, the first and / or the second property of an electrolyte can be determined with a particularly low error. With the help of several electrolytes with different known precipitation properties, the local flow velocities and the local current densities can be determined with a very low error. In addition, by varying the rotational speed in a repeated process step, the relationship between the rotational speed and the local flow velocities can be determined. Likewise, the relationship between current intensity and the local current densities can be determined by a change in the current intensity in a repeated process step.

Around For experimental purposes or for non-test purposes, a layer of galvanic be deposited, profile body and counter electrode so connected to a power source that the profile body as the cathode and the counter electrode is connected as an anode. A opposite circuit, d. H. if the profile body as Anode and the counter electrode is connected as a cathode, would Dissolve to lead a shift. Can also do it Conclusions on the local flow velocities and / or the local current densities on the profile body surface or pulled the first and / or the second property of an electrolyte become.

When profile body can on the one hand test specimen, on the other hand, real components are used. Are test specimens preferably oblong formed and have a non-rotationally symmetrical cross section on, such as B. prisms. The specimens can both as a hollow body as also as a solid body be educated. Profile body, which represent a real component, as well as specimens preferably various geometry elements such as holes, columns, Grooves, edges, curves or heels and / or areas with strong curvature on.

at all process variants, the at least one property of the deposited on the profile body Layer whose composition, its thickness or hardness, whose internal stresses, their adhesion, their roughness, their structure, their corrosion resistance, their wear resistance etc. be.

Prefers an electrolyte is used, the deposition of which is proportional to the current efficiency takes place. Furthermore, the electrolyte is chosen so that he at least one metal, but preferably two or more contains different metals. Furthermore, the electrolyte is preferably such that the Composition of the deposited on the profile body layer either from the local flow rate or from the local flow velocities and the local current densities. For example, the alloy composition becomes more constant Current density influenced by the flow intensity.

Preferably the conditions are during of the coating process chosen so that at least one property the on the profile body deposited layer only from the local current density or at least from the local flow speed and / or the local current density. Preferably, the at least a layer property whose composition, its internal tensions, their adhesion, their roughness, their structure, their corrosion resistance, their wear resistance or be another property. By the dependence of at least one Layer property of preferably a process parameter (local current density or local flow velocities) simplifies the calculation of the parameters for the deposition process, since thus the influence of an additional Parameters is excluded.

Prefers can the gradients from the local current densities and / or from the local flow rates with a single shutdown of the circumference of the connected as a cathode Profile body, starting at any point along the axis of rotation of the profile body and perpendicular to it, seen in the direction of both positive as well as be negative, that the values of the local current densities and / or the local flow velocities have at least one maximum and one minimum in one revolution and that the gradients are preferably constant over one revolution mutable and are preferably linear or non-linear.

Preferably be all Process variants performed with a coating device, such as it was explained in the upper part of the description.

With the aid of the coating device or By carrying out one of the method variants described above, a coating is obtained which is formed as a metallic layer. This deposited layer contains at least one metal. The at least one metal may be a metal electrodeposited from an aqueous electrolyte such as nickel, chromium, copper, zinc or tin, or a metal electrodeposited from a non-aqueous (aprotic) electrolyte such as aluminum, titanium or tungsten.

In addition, dispersion layers can which, for example, Teflon, polymer beads, Hard materials, diamond, ceramic or microcapsules included.

The Coating device and the method variants described above are particularly suitable for the determination of process conditions the coating of a profile body and / or for determining the characteristic of an electrolyte and / or for Determination of the properties of a deposited on a known profile body Layer, wherein the device and / or the method in particular for corrosion investigations, for mass transfer studies, for Characterization of electrolytes with regard to various properties of the deposited layers, for Investigations of the throwing power of Electrolytes, investigations of the dependence of the alloy composition of deposited layers, investigations of internal tension or the hardness or the modulus of elasticity from deposited layers, and for investigations of impact the overlay of at least two streams different direction on the deposition and the properties the deposited layers. Under investigations of the effects the overlay of at least two streams different direction on the deposition and the properties the deposited layer are examinations at nonlinear currents to understand.

One Advantage of the present invention is that a high accuracy the respective results is achieved, the effort comparatively can be kept low. Using the present invention It is not necessary to produce elaborate models or lengthy surveys and characterizations of an electrolyte. In the Development of a new electrolyte enables the present invention, minor changes to test the composition for its effect immediately. The Findings from these tests can then anytime for the design of deposition processes on a larger scale in used in production. Besides, they give very good Indications of functional dependencies of electricity and flow in the case of an electrolyte together with a special surface form a body to be coated.

in the Below are some examples of the coating device according to the invention as well as the process variants according to the invention given. Show it

1 the three-dimensional view of a coating device with the inventively contained parts;

2 the side view of a coating device according to the invention;

3 the top view of a coating device according to the invention;

4 the numerical simulation of the current density curve; and

5 the current density curve and the iron content of a layer as a function of the number of revolutions.

1 shows a container 1 , which is filled with an electrolyte. The container 1 has a cover 2 on, at the bottom of the center spaced four electrode body 3 are arranged. The cover 2 of the container 1 has a hole in the middle 4 on, through which a profile body 5 in the interior of the container 1 can be introduced. The container 1 with the electrolyte and the counter electrode, which consists of several bodies 3 is constructed using screwed mounting brackets 6 at the bottom of a tripod 7 arranged. On the surface on which the foot is 7a of the tripod 7 is located below the ground 1a of the container 1 a heating plate with a magnetic stirring drive 8th arranged, whose temperature is above the knob 9 and their speed via the knob 9a can be regulated. At the top of the tripod 7 is by means of a screw-fastening clamp 10 a device 11 for holding and turning the profile body 5 arranged. The device 11 points to its underside 11a a bracket 12 for holding the profile body 5 on. The profile body 5 is constructed as an elongated body, which has the shape of a cuboid. The profile body 5 is vertical down on a vertical handrail 5a arranged so that the bracket 12 the upper part of the vertical support bar 5a embraces. The device 11 also has an engine 13 on which a rotational movement about the axis of rotation of the profile body 5 , which runs vertically, causes. In addition, the device 11 a power transmission 19 on which the coating stream on the rotating profile body 5 transfers.

For the coating process, the device 11 by loosening the screws of the mounting clamp 10 together with the profile body 5 moved down, leaving the profile body 5 through the hole 4 in the container 1 is pushed and thus inside the out of four bodies 3 trained counter electrode is located. Subsequently, the mounting clamp 10 for the device 11 jammed, and the deposition process can be started. During the deposition lies on the profile body 5 and on the counter electrode bodies 3 a current, wherein the profile body 5 as the cathode and the counter electrode body 3 is connected as an anode. In addition, the profile body rotates 5 within the counter electrode, which consists of several bodies 3 is constructed, clockwise or in the opposite direction. Direction and rotational speed are preferably defined before the beginning of the deposition process and kept constant during the deposition process.

2 shows a vertical section through a coating device, which is a profile body 5 and a counter electrode, which consists of several bodies 14a and 14b is constructed. The elongated profile body 5 is vertically aligned and located between a lower panel 15a and an upper panel 15b , The two panels 15a and 15b serve on the one hand the easier handling and on the other hand the minimization of layer thickness differences in the vertical direction. The between the two panels 15a and 15b clamped profile body is located centrally in the interior of a counter electrode, which consists of several bodies 14a and 14b is constructed. In 2 are just a left body 14a and a right body 14b symmetrical about the profile body 5 arranged, with left and right body 14a and 14b are elongated. Both the counter electrode and the profile body 5 are inside an electrolyte. reference number 16 indicates the electrolyte level in the coating apparatus, wherein the electrolyte level 16 is chosen so that the profile body 5 , the body forming the counter electrode 14a and 14b and the lower panel 15b completely surrounded by the electrolyte, while the upper area of the upper panel 15a protrudes from the electrolyte. 2 also shows that the counter electrode is connected as an anode and the profile body as a cathode.

3 shows a coating device, as already in 2 shown in a horizontal section. Left and right as well as above and below a centrally arranged profile body 5 are the bodies 14a - 14d which form the counter electrode. The body 14a - 14d are cylindrical in this example, which is why 3 shows a round cross-section. Centered, ie in the center of the counter electrode forming body 14a - 14d , is a profile body 5 arranged. The cross section of the profile body 5 is rectangular, with its edges rounded. The rounding of the edges of the prismatic shaped profile body serves to minimize or completely suppress bud formation. During the deposition process, the profile body rotates 5 in a clockwise direction, as indicated by the arrow 17 indicated.

Due to the rectangular cross-section, a current density gradient results in each case from the edges towards the center of the sample, wherein the formation of the current density gradient in each case fails symmetrically with respect to the marked sample center lines. The rotation of the elongated profile body with a rectangular cross section, for example in the clockwise direction, results in a locally different inflow of the profile body surface through the electrolyte. On each side of the specimen, there is a grooving area marked "ES", and a spinning area marked "AS". With respect to the effective flow velocity at the sample surface, higher values occur in the penetrating regions ES and lower values in the rotating turbulence regions AS. In 3 is the lower left corner of the cross section of the profile body 5 as point 1 and the right lower edge of the cross section of the profile body 5 referred to as point 2.

To concrete examples of the course of the current density distribution on the surface of a profile body 5 and the layer composition of one on the profile body 5 To be able to show deposited layer, a profile body with a rectangular cross section was selected, wherein the short side of the rectangular cross section has a length of 12 mm, the long side of the rectangular cross section has a length of 39 mm. The length of the profile body amounts to 100 mm. From this information, the surface of the profile body is calculated to be 1 dm ² .

4 shows a simulation of the course of the current density perpendicular to the axis of rotation on a longitudinal side of the profile body 5 between point 1 and point 2, which have a distance of 38 mm from each other. As already on the basis of 3 explained, the two longitudinal sides of the profile body on a turning side ES and a turning side AS, these two areas by the edge, which was referred to as point 1, and the edge, which was referred to as point 2, are included. 4 now shows that in the immediate vicinity of the edges, ie in the immediate vicinity of points 1 and 2, the relative current density is particularly high. At the transition point between the turning side ES and the turning side AS, ie at a distance of 19 mm from the point 1 in Rich Point 2, on the other hand, the relative current density reaches its minimum. From the transition region between the turning side ES and the turning side AS in the direction of the point 1 or of the point 2, the relative current density initially increases only slightly. Outwardly, in the area between point 1 and the center of the turning side AS or between point 2 and the center of the turning side ES the relative current density increases steadily with increasing approach to the point 1 or the point 2 until the relative Current density then at point 1 or point 2, as already mentioned, reaches its maximum.

Subsequently, in a nickel-iron electrolyte containing, for example, 79.5 g / l nickel, 2.5 g / l iron, 2 g / l chloride, 25 g / l boric acid, 0.5 g / l sodium acacia, 2 g / l contains ascorbic acid and 0.1 g / l sodium lauryl sulfate, one layer deposited. The operating conditions were chosen so that the temperature of the electrolyte during the deposition process is 55 ° C and that the pH of the electrolyte amounts to 3 to 3.3. For deposition, a current of 4 amperes was applied, resulting in a current density of 4 A / dm ² . Two experiments were performed with the rotational speed set at 100 rpm and 400 rpm, respectively.

The deposited under the given conditions layer consists mainly of nickel with a proportion of iron. Due to the dependence of the iron content on the flow velocity on the surface of the profile body, a series of experiments was carried out, wherein once a layer at a speed of 100 rev / min and once a layer was deposited at a speed of 400 rev / min. The iron content of the deposited layer amounts to 25% in the case of a number of revolutions of 100 rpm and to 32% in the case of a number of revolutions of 400 rpm, this value in each case at point 2 3 was determined. Using X-ray fluorescence analysis, the iron content along a longitudinal side of the profile body was determined. In this case, a course of the iron content was found in the layer, which the in 5 shown iron content for the first layer and for the second layer corresponds. 5 shows in each case that for both the first layer and for the second layer, the iron content in the penetrating region ES of the longitudinal side is higher than the iron content on the rotating side AS. Also, in 5 to detect systematic fluctuations in the region of the turning region AS for both rotational speeds. This is because a vortex occurs in the flow shadow on the spinning side AS. This vortex shows up in 5 both in the iron content of the first layer and in the iron content of the second layer. At point 1, the vortex begins, so that the flow velocity in the vicinity of the point 1 is comparatively low. This is reflected in a relatively low iron content of the layer. At a point farther from point 1 in the direction of the center of the rotating side AS, a maximum can be seen, which is due to the proximity of the profile body surface at this point to the center of the vortex. The area between the center of the turning side and the transition area between the turning out side and the turning side is located in 5 a minimum, since in this area on the profile body surface, a comparatively low flow velocity prevails, since at this point the influence of the vortex decreases. In the area of the turning side ES, the iron content in the layer rises steadily from the transition region between the turning side AS and the turning side ES in the direction of the point 2.

5 clearly shows that the iron content in the first layer deposited at a speed of 100 rpm is significantly lower than the iron content in the second layer deposited at a speed of 400 rpm. This indicates that the iron content of a deposited layer increases with increasing rotational speed.

The applications These results are varied. With the results described above can be here the flow conditions on the sample surface represent. By depositing other layers on the same body can be the dependence interesting layer properties of the flow conditions determine. By doing so leaves In practice, for example, the sensitivity of the used Deposition electrolytes locally by component geometries caused flow conditions determine.

The The present invention thus provides a coating apparatus As well as various process variants available, which a fast and inexpensive analysis of profile bodies or electrolytes, to this as possible fast for example for to use a mass production. In addition, the device according to the invention provide as well as the process variants the possibility, without many test series the deposition conditions for the deposition of a layer having at least one predetermined To predict layer property.

Claims (31)

Device for determining process conditions during the coating of a profile body ( 5 ) on its surface and / or for determining the characteristic of an electrolyte and / or for Determination of the process conditions for the deposition of a layer having certain layer properties and / or for coating a profile body ( 5 ) with a profile body formed as an electrode ( 5 ), a counter electrode ( 3 ) and a container filled with an electrolyte ( 1 ), wherein profile body ( 5 ) and counterelectrode ( 3 ) within the electrolyte in the container ( 1 ) are arranged so that the profile body ( 5 ) inside the counter electrode ( 3 ), which consist of one or more bodies ( 14a . 14b ), characterized in that the profile body ( 5 ) and the electrolyte with a definable defined rotational speed are rotatable relative to each other; and that the shape of the profile body ( 5 ) is formed such that on the surface of the profile body ( 5 ) by the relative rotation of profile body ( 5 ) and electrolyte local flow velocities and by applying a voltage between profile body ( 5 ) and counterelectrode ( 3 ) local current densities he be producible, wherein the flow velocity gradient of the local flow velocities along the profile body surface and the Stromdichtegradient the local current densities along the profile body surface are not perpendicular to each other. Device according to the preceding claim, characterized in that the profile body ( 5 ) and the counterelectrode ( 3 ) are connected to a power source such that the profile body ( 5 ) as the cathode and the counterelectrode ( 3 ) are connected as an anode. Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the profile body ( 5 ) is rotatable in the electrolyte and / or that the electrolyte relative to the profile body ( 5 ) is set in rotation. Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the cross section of the profile body ( 5 ) perpendicular to its axis of rotation over the entire length of the profile body to be coated ( 5 ) has the same shape. Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the shape of the cross section is formed such that on the surface of the profile body ( 5 ) along the cross-section a Stromdichtegradient and a Strömungsgeschwindigkeitsgradient are generated. Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the profile body ( 5 ) has a non-rotationally symmetrical cross-section perpendicular to its axis of rotation and that the profile body ( 5 ) has edges with a radius of at least 1 .mu.m, in particular 10 .mu.m, in particular 50 .mu.m, parallel to its axis of rotation. Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the profile body ( 5 ) is a component with different geometric elements, in particular bores and / or gaps and / or grooves and / or edges and / or curves and / or shoulders, and / or areas of high curvature, which can be processed after coating for non-trial purposes and / or usable. Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the rotational speeds of the profile body ( 5 ) and / or the electrolyte is changeable. Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the body or bodies ( 14a . 14b ), from which the counter electrode ( 3 ) is constructed, a round, or elliptical or prismatic cross-section perpendicular to the axis of rotation of the profile body ( 5 ) and a length greater than, equal to or smaller than the length of the profile body ( 5 ) exhibit. Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the profile body ( 5 ) inside the counter electrode ( 3 ), wherein the distance between the profile body ( 5 ) and the counter electrode ( 3 ) is constant or variable. Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the counter electrode ( 3 ) is rotatable. Method for determining the flow velocity distribution and / or the current density distribution on the surface of a profile body ( 5 ) having a surface shape A, characterized in that in a method step A the profile body ( 5 ) as an electrode and an electrolyte A, of which a first property dependent on local flow velocities and / or a second property dependent on at least local current densities are known, with a predetermined constant rotational speed in the interior of a counter electrode ( 3 ) rotate relative to each other and that on the profile body ( 5 ) is electrodeposited from the electrolyte A a layer; in a method step B, the deposited layer, which has at least one property that depends on at least the first and / or second property of the electrolyte A, is analyzed with regard to at least one of these properties; and that in a method step C with the aid of the first and / or second property of the electrolyte A and at least one of the properties of the layer determined in method step B, the local flow velocities on the surface of the profile body (FIG. 5 ) are determined; and / or with the aid of the first and / or second property of the electrolyte A and at least one of the properties of the layer determined in method step B, the local current densities on the surface of the profile body are determined. Method according to the preceding claim, characterized in that a profile step D is a profile body ( 5 ) having the surface form A as an electrode and an electrolyte B, of which a first property dependent on local flow velocities and / or a second property dependent on at least local current densities are unknown, with a predetermined constant rotation speed inside a counterelectrode ( 3 ) rotate relative to each other and that on the profile body ( 5 ) is electrodeposited from the electrolyte B a layer; in a method step E, the deposited layer, which has at least one property that depends on at least the first and / or second property of the electrolyte B, is analyzed with regard to at least one of these properties; and that in a method step F with the aid of the values determined in method step C for the local flow velocities and / or for the local current densities on the surface of a profile body having the surface form A and at least one of the properties of the layer determined in method step E, the first and / or the second property of the electrolyte B can be determined. Method for characterizing a first property which depends on at least local flow velocities and / or a second property of an electrolyte B which depends on at least local current densities by means of a profile body ( 5 ) having a surface shape B, wherein the local flow velocity and / or the local current density on the surface thereof are known, characterized in that in a method step A the profile body ( 5 ) as an electrode and the electrolyte B at a predefined constant rotational speed in the interior of a counterelectrode ( 3 ) rotate relative to each other, and that on the profile body ( 5 ) a layer is electrodeposited from the electrolyte B; in a method step B, the deposited layer, which has at least one property that depends on at least the first and / or second property of the electrolyte B, is analyzed with regard to at least one of these properties; and that in a method step C with the aid of the known values for the local flow velocities and / or for the local current densities on the surface of the profile body ( 5 ) and at least one of the properties of the layer determined in method step B, the first and / or the second property of the electrolyte B are determined. Method according to the preceding claim, characterized in that in a method step D a profile body ( 5 ) having a surface shape A as an electrode and the electrolyte B at a predetermined constant rotation speed inside a counter electrode ( 3 ) rotate relative to each other and that on the profile body ( 5 ) is electrodeposited from the electrolyte B a layer; in a method step E, the deposited layer, which has at least one property that depends on at least the first and / or second property of the electrolyte B, is analyzed with regard to at least one of these properties; and that the local flow velocities are determined in a method step F with the aid of the values for the first and / or second property of the electrolyte B determined in method step C and at least one of the properties of the layer determined in method step E; and / or with the aid of the values determined in method step C for the first and / or second property of the electrolyte B and at least one of the properties of the layer determined in method step E, the local current densities are determined. Method for determining the current density distribution and the flow velocity distribution on the surface of a profile body ( 5 ) with the surface shape A, characterized in that the current density distribution on the surface of the profile body ( 5 ) with the surface shape A is determined by simulation and that for the determination of the flow velocity distribution on the surface of the profile body ( 5 ) with the surface form A, the method steps A to C according to claim 12 or the method steps A to F according to claim 15 are performed. Method for calculating deposition conditions, characterized in that by means of a method according to one of claims 12 or 15 the local flow velocities and / or the local current densities on the surface of a profile body ( 5 ) are determined with the surface shape A and that in a subsequent process step from the first, at least local Strömungsgeschwin dependent on the second least of local current densities property of the electrolyte A and the previously determined local flow velocities and / or the local current densities on the surface of a profile body ( 5 ) with the surface shape A the conditions for the deposition of a layer having a predetermined value for at least one of the layer properties on a profile body ( 5 ) are calculated with the surface shape A from the electrolyte A. Method for calculating deposition conditions, characterized in that the first, at least local flow velocities dependent property and / or the second at least dependent on local current densities property of the electrolyte B are determined by a method according to one of claims 13 or 14 and that in a subsequent Process step from the previously determined local flow velocities and / or the local current densities on the surface of a profile body ( 5 ) with the surface form A and the previously determined values for the first and / or second property of the electrolyte B, the conditions for depositing a layer having a predetermined value for at least one of the layer properties on a profile body ( 5 ) are calculated with the surface shape A from the electrolyte B. Method for producing a layer on a profile body made of an electrolyte, characterized in that the conditions for depositing a layer having a predetermined value for at least one of the layer properties according to one of the preceding claims 17 or 18 are calculated; and that the profile body ( 5 ) as an electrode and the electrolyte at a predetermined constant rotational speed in the interior of a counter electrode ( 3 ) rotate relative to each other and that on the profile body ( 5 ) under the calculated conditions from the electrolyte, a layer is electrodeposited. Method according to one of the preceding claims 12 to 19, characterized in that each of the method steps multiple times is carried out. Method according to one of the preceding claims 13, 15 to 20, characterized in that the method steps D to F in the same or different electrolytes and / or for profile body ( 5 ) are repeated with the same or different surface shape and / or at the same or changed rotational speed and / or the same or changed current intensity. Method according to one of the preceding claims 12 to 21, characterized in that the method steps A to C in the same or different electrolytes and / or for profile body ( 5 ) are repeated with the same or different surface shape and / or at the same or changed rotational speed and / or the same or changed current intensity. Method according to one of the preceding claims 12 to 22, characterized in that the profile body ( 5 ) and the counterelectrode ( 3 ) are connected to a power source such that the profile body ( 5 ) as the cathode and the counterelectrode ( 3 ) is connected as an anode. Method according to one of the preceding claims 12 to 23, characterized in that the profile body ( 5 ) is a component with different geometric elements, in particular bores and / or gaps and / or grooves and / or edges and / or shoulders and / or curves, and / or with areas of high curvature, which can be processed after coating for non-trial purposes and / or usable. Method according to one of the preceding claims 12 to 24, characterized in that one of the properties of the profile body ( 5 ) deposited layer whose composition and / or another property whose thickness or hardness is. Method according to one of the preceding claims 12 to 25, characterized in that the electrolyte is chosen so that its deposition is proportional to the current efficiency. Method according to one of the preceding claims 12 to 26, characterized in that the electrolyte comprises at least one metal, preferably contains two or more different metals. Method according to one of the preceding claims 12 to 27, characterized in that the electrolyte is selected so that the composition of the profile body ( 5 ) deposited layer depends on the local flow velocity or on the local flow velocity and the local current density. Method according to one of the preceding claims 12 to 28, characterized in that at least one property of the profile body ( 5 ) deposited layer depends only on the local current density or at least on the local flow velocity and / or the local current density. Method according to one of the preceding Claims 12 to 29, characterized in that in the implementation of the method, a device according to one of claims 1 to 11 is used. Use of a device according to one of claims 1 to 11 or of a method according to one of claims 12 to 30 for the determination of process conditions during the coating of a profile body ( 5 ) and / or for determining the characteristic of an electrolyte and / or for determining the properties of a known profile body ( 5 ), the device and / or the method being particularly useful for corrosion testing, mass transfer studies, characterizing electrolytes for various deposited layer properties, electrolyte scattering studies, alloy deposition dependence studies of deposited layers, internal stress investigations or the hardness or modulus of elasticity of deposited layers, and for studies of the effect of the superposition of at least two flows of different directions on the deposition and the properties of the deposited layers.