DE102008042623A1 - Element i.e. valve needle, producing method for internal combustion engine, involves arranging surfaces of components to be in contact with each other, and interconnecting surfaces within contact area by laser irradiation - Google Patents

Abstract

The method involves providing a component (20) e.g. valve closing body, with a connecting surface (21), where the component is made of ceramic material. The connecting surface and a connecting surface (31) of another component (30) e.g. connection part, of a valve needle are arranged to be in contact with each other and parallel to each other in a contact area. The surfaces are interconnected within the contact area by laser irradiation. The latter component is formed as a metallic component made of metallic material. The surface of the former component is polished and/or nano-polished.

Description

State of the art

The The invention is based on a method according to the preamble of Claim 1.

Such methods are well known. For example, from the document DE 100 20 328 A1 a method for producing a glow plug is known, wherein a ceramic glow plug is brought into contact with an electrically conductive contacting element. To produce a permanent contact, the ceramic glow plug is pressed together with the contacting element in a plug housing. The disadvantage of this is that the compression of the ceramic glow plug with the contacting element in the plug housing a comparatively high assembly costs and by the use of an additional device in the form of the plug housing for producing a permanent contact relatively high production costs, since the candle housing comparatively precise to the shape of the ceramic glow plug must be adjusted together with the contacting element.

Disclosure of the invention

The inventive method for producing a Component and the device according to the invention have the advantage over the prior art that in a comparatively simple and inexpensive way Way a connection between the first and the second component is produced, with no additional component for Generation of the connection must be established. Furthermore the assembly cost is significantly reduced because to achieve a permanently fixed connection between the first and the second component, the first and the second component not in additional Assembly steps must be integrated into a housing. Another advantage is that by the invention Method first and second components in any shape, d. H. in particular finished first and second components, inexpensive can be connected to each other. This is achieved by that the laser irradiation in the contact area a cohesive, non-positive and / or positive connection generated between the first and the second connection surface itself becomes and thus a mechanically firm connection directly between arises the first and the second component. Thus, by the use of the in particular controlled laser irradiation for applying a defined local energy in the contact area the first connection part preferably to a sintering temperature of the ceramic material, wherein the laser irradiation on the first component, the second component and / or the contact area.

advantageous Refinements and developments of the invention are the subclaims, and the description with reference to the drawings.

According to one preferred training is provided that in a timely manner second performed before the third manufacturing step Manufacturing step, the first and the second interface cleaned, ground, polished, lapped and / or textured be, so that particularly advantageous the formation of a cohesive Connection between the first and the second interface favored and the resilience of the compound is increased. Furthermore, a corresponding adaptation of the first and / or second Connection area possible. In particular, should by the grinding of the first and / or second connection surface a small roughness in the submicrometer range are produced, wherein the first and second bonding surfaces are preferably be cleaned after polishing.

According to one preferred development is provided that in the first manufacturing step the second component as a second ceramic component substantially is provided from a ceramic material, in particular in the second production step, the first connection surface of the first component and / or the second connection surface of the cleaned, polished and / or nano-ground second ceramic component become. Particularly advantageous allows the invention Process thus the connection of the ceramic first component with a ceramic second component. Thus, two finishes are advantageous ceramic components connectable to each other, so that in a cost-effective Way comparatively complex and complex shaped components are made of ceramic. This is especially true on the typical properties of ceramic materials, such as high Hardness, temperature resistance, chemical resistance, Wear resistance, low density, low coefficient of friction etc. particularly advantageous.

According to a preferred embodiment, it is provided that the second component is provided as a second metallic component substantially of a metallic material, wherein in particular in the second manufacturing step, the first connection surface of the first component cleaned, polished and / or nano-ground and the second connection surface of the second metallic component cleaned, ground and / or lapped. Particularly advantageous method of the invention thus allows both the connection of the ceramic first component with a ceramic second construction Part, as well as the connection of the ceramic first component with a metallic second component. Advantageously, the range of application of the ceramic first component can thus be significantly increased. In particular, thus a component with a ceramic first component and a metallic second component can be realized in a simple manner, wherein advantageously the typical properties of ceramic materials, such as high hardness, temperature resistance, chemical resistance, wear resistance, low density, low coefficient of friction, etc. with the typical properties of metallic materials, such as good electrical conductivity, good thermal conductivity, high elasticity etc. can be linked.

According to one Another preferred development is provided that in the third Manufacturing step, the first and the second component along a vertical to the first connection surface axial direction to each other be pressed so that a mechanical contact between the first and second connection surface and thus also the formation of a mechanically strong compound in the fourth manufacturing step is guaranteed.

According to one Another preferred development is provided that in the third Manufacturing step, the first and the second component to an axial Direction parallel axis of rotation are rotated in the same direction, wherein the first and the second component preferably rotationally symmetric are provided formed about the axis of rotation and / or axially be stored. The fourth production step is thus particularly advantageous considerably simplified, because by the rotation of the first and second Component of the irradiated laser radiation, the first component, the second component and / or the contact region of a plurality of Directions reached in a simple manner, without causing laser irradiation functioning laser assembly to the first and / or second component has to be moved.

According to one Another preferred development is provided that in the fourth Production step, the laser beam irradiation in the contact area and / or in an irradiation region axially from the contact region is irradiated spaced, preferably the laser beam irradiation is directed substantially to the metallic second component. Particularly advantageous is thus, in particular by the comparative good thermal conductivity of a metal, the contact area evenly to the sintering temperature of the ceramic Material of the first component warmed up and continuously kept at this temperature. Furthermore, thus the formation of different shrinking processes of both components in the Contact area prevented due to plastic deformation.

According to one Another preferred development is provided that in the fourth Manufacturing step the temperature in the contact area by regulation the distance between irradiation area and contact area regulated is, so that the temperature in the contact area by a comparatively simple adjustment of the distance is adjustable accordingly, without that comparatively complex power regulations in the Laser structure itself must be performed.

According to one Another preferred development is provided that in the fourth Manufacturing step, the first connection surface and / or the second connection surface by means of the laser irradiation essentially at a sintering temperature, preferably at one Sintering temperature of the ceramic material of the first and / or the second component is tempered, so that in an advantageous manner a mechanically strong connection between the first and the second Component is generated. The sintering temperature preferably comprises 500 up to 3200 degrees Celsius, more preferably 1000 to 2700 degrees Celsius and particularly preferably 1200 to 2500 degrees Celsius, wherein the sintering temperature in particular about 2/3 of the melting temperature of the ceramic material.

According to one Another preferred development is provided that in the fourth Manufacturing step and / or in a fifth manufacturing step in time before the fourth production step, the first and / or the second Component is tempered to a temperature which is less than the sintering temperature is, so that advantageously comparatively large Temperature differences in the first component, in the second component and / or in the contact area and thus the danger of larger ones Thermal stresses or cracks due to such temperature differences be avoided.

According to one Another preferred development is provided that the fourth Manufacturing step, a protective atmosphere in the contact area present and / or that the power of the laser irradiation means a pyrometer is controlled, preferably adjusted by means of a power control becomes. Particularly advantageous is the temperature by means of the pyrometer in the irradiation area and / or in the contact area without contact measure up. Depending on this measurement, by means of the power control the laser irradiation and / or the distance between contact area and irradiation area controlled such that a desired temperature set in the contact area and / or in the irradiation area and is held. By using the protective atmosphere is also advantageously oxygen-sensitive ceramic material to use as the first and / or second component.

According to one Another preferred development is provided that in one sixth manufacturing step, the connection between the first connection surface and the second bonding surface by means of a tensile test and / or is tested by means of a bending test, so that a mechanically strong connection between the first and the second Component verifiable and to ensure is.

One Another object of the present invention is a device produced by a method according to the invention, wherein the first component is a substantially ceramic material includes and that the first connection surface a cohesive Having connection with the second connection surface. Particularly advantageous is a mechanical fixed connection between the first and the second component in contrast to the prior art through a material connection between the components self-generated, so no comparatively costly additional Components are needed to create the connection. In addition, due to the cohesive Connection two finished components comparatively inexpensive connectable to each other, which may have any shape, because for the connection only the contact between the first and second connection surface is necessary.

According to one Another preferred embodiment provides that the second Component is a substantially ceramic material or a substantially includes metallic material. A particularly advantageous is thus a Component produced from two ceramic finished components. This is especially in view of the comparatively difficult mechanical machining of ceramic components, for example because of their hardness and their brittle behavior, advantageous. Furthermore, a component with a ceramic first component and a metallic second component feasible, wherein in an advantageous Show the typical characteristics of ceramic materials, such as high hardness, temperature resistance, chemical Durability, wear resistance, low density, small coefficient of friction etc. with the typical properties of metallic materials, such as good electrical conductivity, good thermal conductivity, high elasticity etc. is linkable.

According to one Another preferred embodiment provides that the component a component of an injection valve and / or an injection nozzle for an internal combustion engine. It can the first component, for example, the valve closing body and the second component is a connecting part of a valve needle of the Be injector.

embodiments The invention is illustrated in the drawings and in the following Description explained in more detail.

Brief description of the drawings

It demonstrate

1a and 1b schematic views of a first manufacturing step of a method according to a first embodiment of the present invention,

2a and 2 B schematic views of a third manufacturing step of a method according to the first embodiment of the present invention

3 a schematic view of a fourth manufacturing step of a method according to the first embodiment of the present invention and

4 a schematic view of the fourth manufacturing step of a method according to a second embodiment of the present invention.

embodiments of the present invention

In the 1a and 1b 13 show schematic views of a first production step of a method according to a first embodiment of the present invention, wherein in the first production step a first component 20 comprising a ceramic material and a first bonding surface 21 and a second component 30 with a second interface 31 provided. The second component 30 alternatively, preferably comprises either a metallic material or a ceramic material. The first and the second component 20 . 30 also have a rotation axis 101 parallel to an axial direction 100 on, wherein the first and the second component 20 . 30 illustrated in 1a rotationally symmetric about the axis of rotation 101 are formed. The first and second connection surfaces 21 . 31 are pretreated in a subsequent second manufacturing step, wherein the first bonding surface 21 preferably nano-ground and / or polished, and wherein the second bonding surface 31 in the case of the ceramic second component 30 nano-sanded and / or polished or where the second bonding surface 31 in the case of the metallic second component 30 is ground or lapped.

In the 2a and 2 B are schematic views of a third manufacturing step of a method according to the first embodiment of the present invention, in the third in production step 2a the first and the second interface 21 . 31 the in 1a illustrated first and second components 20 . 30 be brought into contact with each other and along the axial direction 100 pressed against each other 51 . 52 become. Furthermore, the second component 30 radially mounted and the first and the second component 20 . 30 become around the rotation axis 101 shot together 22 . 32 , In 2 B is contacting the first and second bonding surfaces 21 . 31 the in 1b illustrated first and second components 20 . 30 illustrated in the third manufacturing step, wherein the first and the second component 20 . 30 also along the axial direction 100 pressed against each other 51 . 52 become. In the 2a and in 2 B becomes the respective area between the first and second joint surfaces 21 . 31 as a contact area 2 designated. Optionally, in a fifth production step, the first and / or the second component 20 . 30 heated to a temperature which is below the sintering temperature of the ceramic first component and optionally below the sintering temperature of the ceramic second component.

In 3 is a schematic view of a fourth manufacturing step of a method according to the first embodiment of the present invention, wherein the 3 essentially identical to the 2a is, wherein the second component 30 a metallic second component 30 '' includes. In the fourth manufacturing step is by a laser irradiation 3 a mechanically strong connection between the first and the second connection surface 21 . 31 in the contact area 2 The laser beam irradiation is directed essentially onto the second metallic component and into an irradiation area 4 parallel to the axial direction 100 from the contact area 2 spaced takes place, the temperature in the contact area 2 among other things by the regulation of the distance 5 between irradiation area 4 and contact area 2 is regulated. The in the contact area 2 through the laser irradiation 3 The temperature generated corresponds essentially to the sintering temperature of the ceramic material of the first component 20 , The laser irradiation 3 is done by a laser assembly with a focusing lens 53 , a beam splitting device 3 , in particular a semitransparent mirror, a collimating lens 56 , a fiber 54 and a pyrometer 6 , where from the fiber 54 laser light 3 through the collimation lens 56 on the focusing lens 53 steered and from the focusing lens 53 on the irradiation area 3 is focused. Between the collimation lens 56 and the focusing lens 53 is a beam splitting device 3 arranged, which the reflection and / or emission spectrum of the irradiation area 4 on the pyrometer 6 directs, so that by means of the pyrometer, the temperature in the irradiation area 4 is measurable. Depending on the measurement of the pyrometer 6 is a power control of the laser and / or the distance between the irradiation area 3 and the contact area 2 regulated, so that in the irradiation area 3 and / or in the contact area 2 a desired temperature, in particular the sintering temperature of the first component, is set and held while the first and the second component 20 . 30 along the axial direction 100 pressed against each other and about their axis of rotation 101 be turned together. Optionally, the first and second components surround a protective atmosphere.

In 4 is a schematic view of the fourth manufacturing step of a method according to a second embodiment of the present invention is shown, wherein the illustration in 4 essentially identical to the representation in 3 is, wherein the second component 30 in contrast, however, a ceramic second component 30 ' includes and wherein the distance between the irradiation area 5 and the contact area 2 is essentially zero, so the laser irradiation 3 directly on the contact area 2 he follows. In a sixth manufacturing step, not shown, the connection between the first connection surface 21 and the second connection surface 31 tested by means of a tensile test or a known three-point bending test.

QUOTES INCLUDE IN THE DESCRIPTION

This list The documents listed by the applicant have been automated generated and is solely for better information recorded by the reader. The list is not part of the German Patent or utility model application. The DPMA takes over no liability for any errors or omissions.

Cited patent literature

• DE 10020328 A1 [0002]

Claims (15)

Method for producing a component ( 1 ), wherein in a first production step, a first component comprising essentially a ceramic material ( 20 ) with a first connection surface ( 21 ) and a second component ( 30 ) with a second interface ( 31 ), wherein in a third production step the first connection surface ( 21 ) and the second interface ( 31 ) substantially parallel to one another in a contact region ( 2 ) are brought into contact with each other, characterized in that in a fourth production step by means of laser irradiation ( 3 ) the first interface ( 21 ) and the second interface ( 31 ) in the contact area ( 2 ). Method according to Claim 1, characterized in that, in a second production step carried out before the third production step, the first and the second connection surfaces ( 21 . 31 ) are cleaned, ground, polished, lapped and / or patterned. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that in the first production step, the second component ( 30 ) as a second ceramic component ( 30 ' ) is provided substantially of a ceramic material, wherein in particular in the second production step, the first connection surface ( 21 ) of the first component ( 20 ) and / or the second interface ( 31 ) of the second ceramic ( 30 ' ) Component, cleaned, polished and / or nano-ground. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the second component ( 30 ) as a second metallic component ( 30 '' ) is provided substantially of a metallic material, wherein in particular in the second production step, the first connection surface ( 21 ) of the first component ( 20 ), polished and / or nano-ground and the second interface ( 31 ) of the second metallic component ( 30 '' ) is cleaned, ground and / or lapped. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that in the third production step, the first and the second component ( 20 . 30 ) along a perpendicular to the first connection surface ( 21 ) axial direction ( 100 ) are pressed together. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that in the third production step, the first and the second component ( 20 . 30 ) about one to the axial direction ( 100 ) parallel axis of rotation ( 101 ) turned in the same direction ( 22 . 32 ), the first and second components ( 20 . 30 ) preferably rotationally symmetric about the axis of rotation ( 101 ) are formed trained and / or stored axially. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that in the fourth production step the laser beam irradiation ( 3 ) in the contact area ( 2 ) and / or in an irradiation area ( 4 ) axially from the contact area ( 2 ) is irradiated at a distance, wherein preferably the laser beam irradiation ( 3 ) substantially onto the second metallic component ( 30 ). Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that in the fourth production step, the temperature in the contact area ( 2 ) by regulating the distance ( 5 ) between irradiation area ( 4 ) and contact area ( 2 ) is regulated. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that in the fourth production step, the first connection surface ( 21 ) and / or the second interface ( 31 ) by means of the laser irradiation ( 3 ) substantially to a sintering temperature, preferably to a sintering temperature of the ceramic material of the first and / or the second component ( 20 . 30 ), is tempered. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that in the fourth production step and / or in a fifth production step, before the fourth production step, the first and / or the second component (FIG. 20 . 30 ) is tempered to a temperature which is lower than the sintering temperature. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that in the fourth production step, a protective atmosphere in the contact area ( 2 ) and / or that the power of the laser irradiation ( 3 ) by means of a pyrometer ( 6 ) is controlled, preferably adjusted by means of a power control. Method according to one of the preceding claims, that in a sixth production step, the connection between the first connection surface ( 21 ) and the second interface ( 31 ) is tested by means of a tensile test and / or by means of a bending test. Component ( 1 ) produced by a method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the first component ( 20 ) comprises a substantially ceramic material and that the first connection surface ( 21 ) a material connection with the second connection surface ( 31 ) having. Component ( 1 ) according to claim 13, characterized in that the second component ( 30 ) comprises a substantially ceramic material or a substantially metallic material. Component ( 1 ) according to one of claims 13 or 14, characterized in that the component ( 1 ) is a component of an injection valve and / or an injection nozzle for an internal combustion engine, in particular a valve needle.