DE102008034221A1 - Fuel supply device for use in motor vehicle, has reactor vessel provided for executing heat exchanger and separator functions for supplying hydrogen for consumer through dehydration of carrier medium e.g. liquid organic hydrogen carrier - Google Patents

Abstract

The device has a liquid organic hydrogen carrier-storage tank (3) for a carrier medium e.g. liquid organic hydrogen carrier, and a carrier medium-storage tank (10) for a dehydrated carrier medium. The tanks are connected through a liquid organic hydrogen carrier-supply line (4) and a pipe line (9), and a pressure and temperature-resistant reactor vessel (5) is connected with a combustion chamber of a consumer over a connection line. The vessel executes heat exchanger and separator functions for supplying hydrogen for the consumer through dehydration of the hydrogen carrier.

Description

The The invention relates to a fuel supply device for a motor vehicle operable with hydrogen according to the preamble of the first claim.

It It is already known to drive motor vehicles with hydrogen and this fuel, for example, in cryogenic liquid Shape (LH2) or ambient warm in highly compressed form (CGH2) or physically bound as a hydrogen molecule (H2) Materials with large surfaces or as a hydrogen atom (H) chemically bound z. In hydrides or in reactions with others To store substances as a chemical hydride. These require memory for refueling and for the operation of a motor vehicle a complex, not conventional H2 supply u. fueling infrastructure and voluminous and heavy storage.

Desirable is a storage that is advantageous for vehicles high range is achieved. In addition, the fuel storage and supply of the motor vehicle as inexpensively as possible and be easy. According to the prior art, hydrogen can out preferably liquid compounds, for example from such with organic raw materials such as carbon, by using Catalysts taken reversibly but also stored again become. Such substances, called Liquid Organic Hydrogen Carrier (LOHC), are similar in their handling properties in today's fuels. They can therefore potentially be found in the already existing ones Distribution infrastructure for mineral oil fuels distributed and kept ready for vehicle refueling.

That's how it describes WO 2006/009630 A2 such a group of substances and a method for providing hydrogen to consumers. The EP 1691065 A1 describes an internal combustion engine and a method of operating it with such a substance. A fuel supply device supplies the combustion chamber of the internal combustion engine with hydrogen, by dehydrogenating an enriched carrier in a reactor vessel having a heat exchanger and a separator function for providing hydrogen. The reactor vessel is incorporated into a carrier flow circuit which connects a hydrogen-enriched carrier storage tank to a dehydrated carrier storage tank. Such H2 vehicles can in principle be refueled by means of existing fuel station equipment with LOHC. A nationwide deployment of LOHC will not require significant investment in infrastructure specifically dedicated to deployment and deployment.

The LOHC storage in the H2 vehicle takes place under ambient pressure and at ambient temperature. Therefore, the vehicle storage tanks be designed in free form and in complex limited spaces be integrated in the vehicle package. The manufacturing, assembly, Quality assurance and service procedures can derived directly from the conventional methods. Therefore can establish established supply chains taking advantage of Unit-price effects even during an introductory phase be used inexpensively.

task It is the object of the present invention to provide such a fuel supply device for motor vehicles by equipment measures, design and integration of LOHC memories and carrier storage so educate that complex automotive system requirements to the reliable pumping of H2 even under extreme operating conditions realized at a limited system mass and volume cost minimized become.

One practicable system operation under realistic environmental conditions, for example, low outside temperatures, granted can be.

Farther Let LOHC systems in H2 vehicles with different drive concepts (Internal combustion engine or fuel cell) and modes of operation (mono- / bivalent) or various ancillary drive systems (exhaust gas turbocharger, intercooler), as well as in vehicles with a total of limited waste heat output be integrated advantageous.

It Such representatives of the LOHC substance group are also to be used automotively can be compared by high H2 binding enthalpies and dehydrogenation temperatures. With already today available LOHC substances should be operationally suitable systems to be provided.

Highest Requirements for operational safety and environmental protection be affordable and safe to fulfill.

Furthermore The LOHC system is to be regulated, controlled and safety-related be integrated into the operating concept of an entire H2 vehicle, also in interaction with other energy storage systems, for example, electric storage, hydride vehicle, and potentially cost minimized and variant-suitable realized.

advantageous Training and further education are content of the dependent claims.

To The invention consists in a fuel supply device, at least for the proportionate supply of fuel burning in a combustion chamber Consumer with hydrogen, in particular an internal combustion engine or fuel cells of a motor vehicle, at least a first Storage tank for a hydrogenated vehicle, especially liquid LOHC, and from a second storage tank for a dehydrated vehicle, both through at least one flow circuit, in particular via a supply line and a discharge line, connected to the carrier, in the at least one pressure and temperature resistant reactor vessel with is involved, the at least one heat exchanger and a separator function for providing hydrogen for the consumer, in particular by dehydration of the enriched Carrier, can perform and that over at least one connecting line with the combustion chamber of the consumer connected is. The invention is characterized in that in first and / or second storage tank and / or in the flow circuit and / or in the connecting line further means are installed, the provision of fuel to the consumer support.

in the first and / or second storage tank and / or in the flow circuit and / or in the connecting line of the fuel supply device Additional funds may be built in to provide fuel support for the consumer.

To the For example, the first and / or the second storage tank may be at least a feed pump, in particular a roller-cell pump, contain, promoted with the stored carrier can be.

Also the first and / or second storage tank may comprise at least one carrier delivery pump a surge protected removal area, in particular a baffle containing, in which the suction nozzle of a carrier feed pump or a carrier-suction line is arranged.

Furthermore the first and / or the second storage tank can at least one by a mechanical separation, in particular a solid intermediate wall, separated partial area, in particular for heating, contain, a smaller proportion of the maximum storable in the memory Carrier mass can absorb. Or a transfer system, with which the memory content of at least one location in the memory at least in a surge protected removal area and / or at least in a lower part of the storage tank is encouraged. Furthermore, at least one suction line or a suction nozzle of a carrier delivery pump, the one on his / her sucker as a double-flow double suction nozzle is executed, wherein one of the two suckers geodetic is higher than the other. Contains the first and / or the second storage tank at least one mechanically flexible bladder, in particular a foldable plastic bladder, can in this at least a part of the stored support means be recorded. It is also a mechanically flexible wall conceivable in particular a foldable plastic film with which at least one Part of the stored carrier of at least one separated with gas-filled space within the storage tank becomes. And the first and / or the second storage tank can be outside or within its container wall, at least proportionally, have a thermal insulation. It can be the first and the second storage tank housed in a container to separate the hydrogen-enriched from the dehydrated one Carrier means by at least one, in particular mechanically flexible, in particular made of plastic film, wall in at least two storage spaces is divided.

Of the first and / or the second storage tank and / or the container can be designed so that at least a part of the wall of which external mechanical loads, in particular in a vehicle occurring structural loads transferred can and / or the storage tanks can through a load-bearing Component of the vehicle structure, in particular by a spar in a body of the vehicle, are formed. Furthermore they can be designed so that at least one part whose wall is made up of at least two sections is and this by a vehicle resistant Sealant are sealed.

In a further advantageous embodiment of the invention is the Fuel supply device, characterized in that the Connecting line from the reactor vessel to the consumer passed through the first and / or the second storage tank is, in particular designed as a tube heat exchanger.

Of Furthermore, at least a portion of an exhaust gas flow of the internal combustion engine be relaxed at least temporarily via an exhaust gas turbocharger, in particular by installing the exhaust gas turbocharger in the connecting line between internal combustion engine and turbocharger.

Furthermore can as a consumer exclusively at least one fuel cell be used exclusively by a single Connecting line connected to the reactor vessel is.

And a heat exchanger, in particular a countercurrent heat exchanger, can be switched between the supply line and the drain line be.

To can the connecting line from the reactor vessel to Consumer led over the heat exchanger be.

From It is also an advantage if an exhaust pipe of the consumer by through the reactor vessel and after leaving the Reactor vessel via the heat exchanger is guided to an exhaust gas outlet opening. Or if an exhaust pipe of the consumer through the reactor vessel through and after leaving the reactor vessel over the heat exchanger and another exhaust pipe through the first storage tank through to the exhaust gas outlet opening is guided. Also, an exhaust pipe of the consumer through the reactor vessel and after leaving of the reactor vessel, through the first storage tank, be guided to the exhaust outlet opening. Furthermore can also be an exhaust pipe of the consumer through the reactor vessel through and after leaving the reactor vessel over the heat exchanger and the other exhaust pipe through the first Storage tank through and then on a second further exhaust gas passage through the second storage tank be guided to the exhaust outlet opening. As well can the exhaust pipe as described above, however, each below Omission of the heat storage and / or possibly the first Storage tanks, be guided.

A Exhaust gas line of the consumer can also pass through the reactor vessel through and after leaving the reactor vessel through the second storage tank through to the exhaust gas outlet opening be guided. Or alternatively after leaving the reactor vessel via the heat exchanger and the other exhaust pipe through the second storage tank through to the exhaust gas outlet opening.

From Another advantage is a hydrogen-powered heater, in particular a catalytic H2 burner arranged in the connecting line of the Consumers to the reactor vessel having one Branch off the connecting line, from the reactor vessel to the consumer, fueled. Alternatively, too a carrier-operated heater, in particular a Injector burner, arranged in the connecting line from the consumer to Reactor container conceivable, via a carrier conveyor line from the second storage tank is supplied with fuel. additionally can then still in the carrier conveyor line a carrier material storage, in particular analogous to the second storage tank, be arranged. The advantage here is also a direct removal of the carrier material via a branch in the Discharge line of the second storage tank.

optional It is also advantageous if in the connecting line, from Consumer to the reactor vessel, an electrically powered Heater, in particular a resistance heating element, is arranged, that of an electrical power source, in particular an electric generator, of the consumer, in particular via an electrical Current changing device, in particular a DC / DC converter, is supplied with electrical energy.

It can also be a cold start heater, characterized in that that the reactor vessel with one with hydrogen operated cold start heater, in particular a catalytic burner equipped that is from the connecting pipe, from the reactor vessel to the consumer, via a hydrogen storage, in particular a compressed gas storage, is supplied with fuel. alternative can the reactor vessel with a carrier operated cold start heater, in particular a Injektorbrenner equipped be that via a carrier conveying line from the second storage tank, in particular via a carrier storage, is supplied with fuel. And optionally, the reactor vessel with a electrically operated cold start heater, in particular a resistance heating element, be equipped by a power source, in particular a Battery and / or a high-performance capacitor and / or a fuel cell, is supplied with electrical energy. Besides, it is possible that the reactor vessel with a Equipped with sorption hydride cold start heater is, in particular designed as pressure-resistant, partially with sorption filled container over a third another hydrogen-carrying connecting line with a integrated shut-off device, in particular a check valve, which unlock via an electrically controlled magnet leaves, with a hydrogen storage, in particular a compressed gas storage, connected is.

One Permanent heater for long-term parking is characterized that the, in particular provided with a thermal insulation, Reactor tank equipped with an electrically operated parking heater is that by one, in particular via an electric switch Switchable, power source, in particular at least one solar cell and / or at least one fuel cell, supplied with electrical energy becomes.

A bivalent LOHC system is characterized in that the consumer is equipped with a bivalent mixture formation system and from the first storage tank via a fourth, further connecting line, at least temporarily either simultaneously or with a time delay to supply fuel via the connecting line between the reactor vessel and consumer, with fuel is supplied, for what the connecting line and the four te further connecting line have different applied delivery pressures and / or a different configuration of the line connection to the storage tank. Alternatively, the consumer may be equipped with a bivalent mixture formation system and supplied from the second storage tank via a fifth, further connection line, at least temporarily either simultaneously or with a time delay to the supply of fuel via the connecting line between the reactor vessel and consumer, with carrier.

advantageously, may be a Ladegasansaugung the consumer or a gas conveyor, in particular a blower, from at least one gas space, in particular in the first, in particular ventilatable, storage tank and / or in the second, in particular ventilatable, storage tank, via one sixth, seventh, eighth, ninth and tenth others Connecting line, at least temporarily at least one share suck in their charging gas flow.

To the fuel supply device can still characterized be that the gas space in a normal operation and / or in error cases and / or otherwise potentially hydrogen-bearing space is, in particular a gas-tight, ventilatable housing, in particular of polyethylene, in particular with an air supply opening and / or ventilation opening or a largely gas-tight Surrounding a luggage compartment of a vehicle with air supply opening. Optionally, then the reactor vessel and / or the connecting line and / or any further connection line and / or line of the Flow circuit completely in the gas space be included. Furthermore, it is advantageous if the gas space as double-walled pipeline, in particular of metal and / or of Plastic, in particular of polyamide or of fiber-reinforced plastic, in particular coated with metal, is executed, wherein within an externally sealed, pressure-resistant inner tube Hydrogen is promoted and being the outward dense and pressure-resistant annular space between the two tubes ventilated is, in particular via a gas-carrying ventilation duct. In addition, the double-walled gas space arrangement a Flame arrester, in particular a metallic honeycomb structure, containing the gas-containing annulus outside of an inner pipe and within an outside line, in at least one Cross section of the gas space for a flame front, as they are especially in the case of ignition ignitable Gas / air mixtures are created, making them impermeable.

A Another preferred fuel supply device is characterized characterized in that at least one of the exhaust leading Lines with a separator for water condensate, in particular a heat exchanger capacitor, and in which At least temporarily at least a portion of the separator in a Exhaust entrained water vapor is deposited. additionally The water condensate can flow through a water pipe be directed into a container storing water, wherein the water container in particular frost-proof, in particular as a break-proof polyethylene container formed is. And in each case alternatively, the separator with two heat transfer leading lines, in particular a flow line and a return line of a consumer coolant circuit or a consumer oil cycle or a transmission oil circuit, be connected.

Of Further, within the reactor vessel or outside at its outlet opening to the connecting line or in the connecting line an odorizing plant is arranged, which at least temporarily an odorant in the separated hydrogen emits.

A further preferred embodiment of a fuel supply device is characterized in that at least one of its components by means of a signal-carrying line, in particular an electric cable or an optical waveguide, with at least one signal processing device, in particular an electronic control unit and / or a data bus, in particular a CAN bus , and / or with a device for linking signals leading lines, in particular with a plug of an electrical connector and / or a data bus, in particular a CAN bus, is connected. For this purpose, the signal processing device may at least be connected by means of a further signal processing line with a device for linking signals leading lines, in particular with a plug of an electrical connector and / or a data bus, in particular a CAN bus, with the at least temporarily , in particular during operation of the fuel supply device or during refueling / emptying of carrier, an exchange of data between the fuel supply device and a vehicle-side or -internen control device or an external refueling device takes place. In each case alternatively and optionally, for at least one fuel supply device component, at least one of the signals leading lines may be connected to at least one sensor, in particular a temperature sensor and / or a pressure sensor and / or a level sensor and / or a hydrogen gas sensor and / or an end / close Contact switch and / or a current / voltage sensor and / or a magnetic / electric field sensor and / or a vibration / acceleration sensor and / or a light sensor and / or a rotation angle or rotation or position sensor, and / or with at least one actuator, in particular with a valve and / or a signal lamp and / or a speaker and / or a switch and / or a heater and / or a fan and / or a flap ,

And it may be for at least one fueling device component at least one signal is at least partially transmitted wirelessly, in particular with another, external or in-vehicle Radio receiver / transmitter or with a radio network receiver / transmitter, in particular by means of electromagnetic or electric fields, especially by using local radio networks.

Of Furthermore, it is possible that the function of the control unit, at least partially at least temporarily by at least one sensor and / or at least one actuator is taken, what this each having its own signal processing device, in particular contain a microcontroller.

Forty-four describes preferred embodiments of the invention the following description with the accompanying drawing. Show it:

1 FIG. 2: a schematically illustrated fuel supply device according to the invention for a consumer burning fuel in its combustion chamber as fuel, here embodied as a fuel cell with waste heat recovery,

2 : a development of the invention accordingly 1 by an integrated storage tank for a consumer designed as an internal combustion engine,

3 : a development of the invention accordingly 1 by an exhaust-gas turbocharger for a consumer designed as an internal combustion engine,

4 : a development of the invention accordingly 1 by a consumer designed as a fuel cell without waste heat recovery,

5 : a development of the invention accordingly 1 by a heat exchanger for a consumer designed as an internal combustion engine,

6 : a development of the invention accordingly 1 by a heat exchanger with hydrogen connection for a consumer designed as an internal combustion engine,

7 : a development of the invention accordingly 1 by a heat exchanger with exhaust connection for a consumer designed as an internal combustion engine,

8th : a development of the invention accordingly 1 by a storage tank for hydrogen-enriched carrier with exhaust connection for a consumer designed as an internal combustion engine,

9 : a development of the invention accordingly 1 by a storage tank for dehydrated carrier with exhaust connection for a consumer designed as an internal combustion engine,

10 : a development of the invention accordingly 1 by a hydrogen-powered heater for driving for a consumer running as an internal combustion engine,

11 : a development of the invention accordingly 1 by a heater operated with dehydrated carrier for driving operation for a consumer designed as an internal combustion engine,

12 : a development of the invention accordingly 1 by a dehydrated carrier operated, cold startable heater for driving for a running as an internal combustion engine consumer,

13 : a development of the invention accordingly 1 by an electrically operated heater for driving for a consumer running as an internal combustion engine,

14 : a development of the invention accordingly 1 by a cold-start heater operated by hydrogen for a consumer designed as an internal combustion engine,

15 : a development of the invention accordingly 1 by a cold-start heater operated with dehydrated carrier for a consumer designed as an internal combustion engine,

16 : a development of the invention accordingly 1 by an electrically operated heater for cold start for a consumer running as an internal combustion engine,

17 : a development of the invention accordingly 1 by a sorption-hydride-operated heater for a cold start for a motor designed as an internal combustion engine,

18 : a development of the invention accordingly 1 by an electric company Permanent heater for long-term parking for a consumer running as an internal combustion engine,

19 : a development of the invention accordingly 1 by means of a bivalent hydrogen or hydrogen-enriched carrier for an internal combustion engine load consumer,

20 : a development of the invention accordingly 1 by for a consumer designed as an internal combustion engine for bivalent operation with hydrogen and with dehydrated carrier,

21 : a development of the invention accordingly 1 by means of a charge air flow of a consumer designed as an internal combustion engine ventilated storage tanks for hydrogen-enriched carrier,

22 : a development of the invention accordingly 1 by a storage tank for dehydrated carrier means ventilated by means of charge air flow of a consumer designed as an internal combustion engine,

23 : a development of the invention accordingly 1 by a reactor vessel which is ventilated by means of charge air flow of a consumer designed as an internal combustion engine,

24 : a development of the invention accordingly 1 by a connecting line which is ventilated by means of charge air flow of a consumer designed as an internal combustion engine,

25 : a development of the invention accordingly 1 by a ventilated by a blower system Nebenraums from reactor vessel and connecting line for running as an internal combustion engine consumer,

26 : a development of the invention accordingly 1 by a separator used for separating water condensate from the exhaust gas for a consumer designed as an internal combustion engine,

27 : a development of the invention accordingly 1 by a device for odorizing hydrogen for a consumer designed as an internal combustion engine,

28 : a development of the invention accordingly 1 by means for control, regulation and data exchange for a running as an internal combustion engine consumers and

29 . 30 : Developments of the invention accordingly 1 by further advantageous devices and modifications for a running as an internal combustion engine consumer.

object The invention is the further development of a fuel supply device for the use of liquid H2 compounds, especially those with organic materials (LOHC), as infrastructural Distribution and automotive storage medium for H2 in a motor vehicle. The naming of LOHC is exemplified below as a representative of liquid H2 compounds.

It Here is a vehicle-side system for storing LOHC and for on-board generation of H2 from LOHC as LOHC system described. In this case, dehydrogenated LOHC falls as a carrier at.

1 shows an automotive applicable LOHC system with a refueling port for LOHC 1 , a filling line 2 , a LOHC storage tank as the first storage tank 3 , a LOHC delivery line in the flow circuit 4 . 9 a carrier, a pressure-resistant reactor vessel as a reactor vessel 5 is generated in the H2, a H2 delivery line as a connecting line 16 to a fuel cell BZ, 17 one of these leading to the reactor vessel waste heat pipe as a connecting line 18 , a carrier-carrying pipeline in the flow circuit 4 . 9 the carrier, a carrier storage container as a second storage tank 10 , a drainage pipe 11 and a discharge port 12 , This is a configuration according to the invention of an operational, automotive LOHC system consisting of already basically existing individual components according to the prior art.

In 2 is opposite the 1 the fuel cell used there 17 replaced by an internal combustion engine 7 and the connecting lines have the reference numerals 6 and 8th , wherein the connecting line 6 the H2 delivery line and the connection line 8th an exhaust pipe of the internal combustion engine is. This automotive LOHC system is also very advantageous in the application. Both in the system of 1 , as well as in the system with the changes described above 1 Advantageously, subsystems can be installed multiple times. For this purpose, individual system components or subsystems formed from individual components are then executed several times. For example, a system with two separate LOHC memories, that is, the components 1 . 2 . 3 . 4 out 1 are duplicated or there will be, for example, two separate reactor vessels 5 built into the LOHC system. In LOHC systems with multiple components or subsystems then also different subspecies of LOHC or to different operating conditions suitable reactor vessels 5 be used.

It is also conceivable that within the reactor vessel 5 or at the H2 delivery outlet of the reactor vessel 5 or in the H2 delivery line or at another suitable location in the LOHC system, a H2-delivery pressure at least temporarily limiting device, for example, a pressure reducer or a pressure regulator according to the prior art, is integrated.

In addition, the following facilities in the first and / or second storage tank 3 . 10 at least one delivery pump for delivery of the carrier, for example, a roller cell pump according to the prior art, and / or at least one surge protected removal area in which a suction of the LOHC feed pump or a LOHC suction line is arranged, for example, a swirl pot after the prior art, and / or at least one separated by a mechanical separation portion that can accommodate a smaller proportion of the maximum memory in storable LOHC mass, for example, a solid partition wall as Preheat Section, and / or at least one transfer system according to the state the technique with which the storage tank contents from at least one location in the storage tank is conveyed at least into a surge protected removal area, or at least in a low-lying part of the storage tank, designed as a sump, and / or at least one LOHC suction line or a suction nozzle one LOHC feed pump attached to it em sucking end is designed as a double-suction Doppelsaugstutzen, wherein one of the two Saugstutzenenden is arranged geodetically higher than the other, and / or at least one mechanically flexible bubble, for example, a foldable plastic bladder in which at least a portion of the stored LOHC is recorded, and / or at least one mechanically flexible wall, for example a foldable plastic film, with which at least a portion of the stored LOHC is separated from at least one gas-filled space within the storage, and / or at least partially thermal insulation at its container wall or within the storage vessel the state of the art.

By the mentioned inexpensive to produce features LOHC storage tanks under normal operating conditions reliable operate.

So is in 2 additionally shown that both storage tanks 3 . 10 have at least a partially common container wall. LOHC storage tank 3 and the storage tank 10 for dehydrated carrier are in a container 13 integrated. In this case, the partially common container wall is made of a mechanically flexible material, for example of a plastic film.

Through this creative integration of the storage tanks 3 . 10 reduces their total mass or their total volume. Elaborate surge protection measures can be omitted.

A supporting tank structure, wherein at least part of a storage tank wall outer mechanical loads, for example structural loads from a vehicle, in which the LOHC system is mechanically integrated carries and / or at least part of a storage container wall through a structural element of the structure into which the LOHC system is mechanically integrated, for example by a spar in the Body of a vehicle is formed, leading to more Bulk or volume advantages.

It can be advantageously unused cavities in the body of a vehicle, for example, steel sheets folded or spot welded spars or sills designed as memory within a LOHC system, if in a storage tank 3 . 10 . 13 at least a portion of a reservoir wall is assembled from individual sections and sealed by a prior art media resistant sealant.

An H2 delivery line, ie the connecting line 6 . 16 , can also do so through the LOHC storage tank 3 be laid, that it comes into thermal contact with the stored LOHC, for example by an embodiment of the line profile as a simple tube heat exchanger. This also applies to the second storage tank 10 ,

Through this pipe run, the temperature of the consumer 7 . 17 Lowered promoted H2 mass flow and thus the compression work in the internal combustion engine 7 to reduce.

3 shows a development of a LOHC system, in which at least temporarily at least a portion of an exhaust gas mass flow of the internal combustion engine 7 via an exhaust pipe 14 to an exhaust gas turbocharger 15 is guided while continuing after 4 again a fuel cell 17 as a consumer in the LOHC system points to the reactor vessel 5 only one connection line 16 , an H2-conveying line, owns. A waste heat recovery accordingly 1 eliminated.

The development of a LOHC system to 5 shows a heat exchanger 19 between the hydrogenated and dehydrated carrier built into the lines of the flow loop 4 . 9 , A countercurrent heat exchanger 19 in the prior art is both to the LOHC delivery line 4 and the carrier-carrying pipeline 9 , as well as those corresponding to, to the reactor vessel 5 leading lines 4 ' and 9 ' connected.

Through the heat exchanger can with the carrier from the reactor vessel 5 Partially dissipated to process temperature level heat flow in the reactor vessel 5 incoming ambient cold LOHC mass flow are transmitted and thus the operational heating requirement of the reactor vessel 5 limit.

In 6 In this way, in addition, the hydrogen in the connecting line 6 cooled by this, by means of a connecting cable 6 ' , also via a heat exchanger 20 is guided. The heat exchanger 20 owns opposite to the heat exchanger 19 an additional connection option for hydrogen-carrying lines.

In 7 is the connection line 8th as an exhaust pipe after leaving the reactor vessel 5 via an appropriate connection cable 8th' to a heat exchanger 21 that is different from the heat exchangers 19 . 20 distinguished by an additional connection option for exhaust pipes leading connected. The exhaust gas flow is via an exhaust pipe 22 to the exhaust outlet opening 23 guided.

In the embodiment according to 8th becomes an exhaust pipe 24 such that they are in thermal contact with at least a portion of the stored LOHC mass in the storage tank 3 . 3 ' is, for example by design of the exhaust pipe 24 as a simple tube heat exchanger according to the prior art. Thereafter, the exhaust gas flow via a corresponding exhaust pipe 24 ' to the exhaust outlet opening 23 guided. Alternatively, also exhaust pipe 8th' in place of the exhaust pipe 24 to step.

9 shows the second storage tank 10 . 10 ' , through which an exhaust pipe 25 is guided so that it is in thermal contact with at least a portion of the stored support means, in particular by design of the exhaust pipe 25 as a simple tube heat exchanger according to the prior art. Furthermore, the exhaust gas flow via a corresponding exhaust pipe 25 ' to Abgasaustrittsöff opening 23 guided. Alternatives are as above but exhaust pipe 8th' instead of the exhaust pipe 25 , or as above, but exhaust pipe 24 instead of the exhaust pipe 25 ,

Through the described connection of the exhaust system in the two storage tanks 3 ' . 10 ' , let them warm up quickly while driving, which promotes the LOHC removal at low outside temperatures or the duration of the operational readiness of the system can be extended when parking.

The training of the LOHC system after 10 that includes in the exhaust pipe 8th a hydrogen-powered heater 27 for driving, in particular a catalytic H2 burner according to the prior art, is arranged between the heater 27 and the reactor vessel 5 a heated exhaust gas leading exhaust pipe 8th* is arranged, and being between the burner 27 and the H2 delivery line 6 another H2 delivery line 26 is arranged.

11 shows a LOHC system in the exhaust pipe 8th a carrier operated heater 29 , In particular, a injector burner according to the prior art, is arranged, wherein between the heater 29 and the reactor vessel 5 a heated exhaust gas leading exhaust pipe 8th* is arranged, and being between the burner 29 and the second storage tank 10 . 10 * another carrier conveyor line 28 is arranged. Alternatively, the delivery line 28 with the drainage pipe 11 be connected.

Such a heater for driving becomes in one embodiment of a LOHC system after 12 extended to that in the carrier conveyor line 28 a vehicle storage 30 , in particular a memory analogous to the second storage tank 10 . 10 * or according to the prior art, is arranged. Between the store 30 and the carrier heater 29 is a corresponding carrier conveyor line 28 * arranged. Alternatively, the carrier memory 30 be equipped with a heater, in particular an electrical heating element according to the prior art.

Another LOHC system with a heater for driving is in 13 shown. It is characterized in that in the exhaust pipe 8th an electrically operated heater 33 , in particular a resistance heating element according to the prior art, is arranged, wherein between the heater 33 and the reactor vessel 5 a heated exhaust gas leading exhaust pipe 8th* is arranged, and being between the heater 33 and the internal combustion engine 7 * electric power source, in particular a prior art electric generator, an electric power line 31 . 31 * is arranged, and in this line 31 . 31 * Optionally, an electric current changing device 32 , In particular, a DC / DC converter according to the prior art, is installed.

By such arranged in the exhaust pipe driving heater 12 . 29 . 33 can be the reactor vessel 5 increase the heat flow supplied to the dehydrogenation of the LOHC.

14 however, shows a LOHC system with a hydrogen heater for cold start. This is characterized in that the reactor vessel 5 . 5 * with a hydrogen-powered cold start heater 36 , in particular a catalytic burner according to the prior art, and the heater 36 with a hydrogen-bearing line 34 * with a hydrogen storage 35 , in particular a compressed gas accumulator according to the prior art, is connected. Optionally, the memory 35 via a corresponding hydrogen-carrying line 34 with the line 6 be connected.

A LOHC system, characterized in that the reactor vessel 5 . 5 * with a carrier-operated cold start heater 38 , in particular an injector burner according to the prior art, and the heater 38 with a carrier leading line 37 with a vehicle storage 30 , is connected, is in 15 shown. Alternatively, the heater 38 over the line 28 with the second storage tank 10 . 10 * or with the drainage pipe 11 be connected.

16 shows a development of the invention, in which a LOHC system is equipped with an electric heater for cold start. Here's the reactor vessel 5 . 5 * with an electrically operated cold start heater 39 , in particular a resistance heating element according to the prior art, equipped, and the heater 39 is with a power line 40 with a power source 41 , in particular a battery or a high-performance capacitor or a fuel cell, in each case according to the prior art, connected.

In contrast, shows 17 a development of the invention, wherein the reactor vessel 5 . 5 * a LOHC system with a sorption hydride operated cold start heater 42 is equipped, in particular with a pressure-resistant, partially filled with sorption hydrated container according to the prior art. The heater 42 is with a hydrogen leading pipe 43 . 43 * with a hydrogen storage 45 , in particular a pressure gas accumulator according to the prior art, connected and in the line 43 . 43 * is a shut-off device 44 , In particular, a check valve, which can be unlocked via an electrically driven magnet according to the prior art, arranged.

In one embodiment of the invention is a LOHC system in 18 characterized in that the reactor vessel 5 . 5 ** with an electrically operated parking heater 46 is equipped and the heater 46 by means of a current-carrying line 47 . 47 * with a power source 49 , in particular at least one solar cell or a fuel cell, in each case according to the prior art, is connected, wherein the conduit 47 . 47 * alternatively an electric shut-off device 48 , In particular, an electric switch according to the prior art may contain. In addition, the reactor vessel 5 ** still be equipped with a thermal insulation.

19 shows a further development of a LOHC system in which the internal combustion engine 7 . 7 ~ is equipped with a bivalent mixture formation plant according to the prior art and by means of a LOHC leading line 50 with at least one LOHC storage tank 3 . 3 ' . 13 . 3 °, 3 ~ connected is. The promotion of LOHC from one of these LOHC storage takes place at least temporarily either simultaneously or with a time delay through the delivery lines 4 and or 50 , where the lines 4 and 50 by the applied delivery pressures or by the design of the line connection to or in a LOHC storage container 3 . 3 ' . 13 . 3 °, 3 ~ can distinguish.

In contrast, shows 20 a development of the invention, wherein the LOHC system is an internal combustion engine 7 . 7 ~ . 7+ supplied with a bivalent Gemischbildungsanlage according to the prior art. This is by means of a carrier leading line 51 with at least one carrier storage tank 10 . 10 ' . 13 . 10 * . 10 ° . 10 ~ . 30 or with a drainage pipe 11 connected, wherein the Förde tion of the carrier from one of the carrier storage means or the discharge pipe to the internal combustion engine 7 . 7 ~ . 7+ at least temporarily through the line 51 can be done.

21 shows in a further development of the invention, a LOHC system in which the internal combustion engine 7 . 7 ° is equipped with a charge air intake according to the prior art, and the internal combustion engine 7 . 7 ° by means of a gas-carrying line 52 with at least one gas space, one ullage, within at least one ventilatable LOHC storage tank 3 . 3 ' . 13 . 3 ° . 3 ~ is connected, wherein the internal combustion engine 7 ° at least temporarily at least a portion of its charge air flow from one of the gas spaces of a LOHC storage tank 3 . 3 ' . 13 . 3 ° . 3 ~ sucks.

In contrast, shows 22 a development of the invention, wherein the LOHC system is an internal combustion engine 7 . 7 ° supplied with a charge air intake of the prior art and the means of a gas-carrying line 53 with at least one gas space, one ullage, within at least one carrier storage tank 10 . 10 ' . 13 . 10 * . 10 ° . 10 ~ . 30 connected is. The internal combustion engine ( 7 ° ) sucks at least temporarily at least a portion of their charge air flow from one of the gas chambers of a ventilated carrier memory 10 . 10 ' . 13 . 10 * . 10 ° . 10 ~ . 30 ) at.

And in 23 a development of the invention is shown, in which the LOHC system is an internal combustion engine 7 . 7 ° supplied with a charge air intake according to the prior art, the means of a gas-carrying line 55 with the gas space inside a gas-tight, ventilatable housing 54 , in particular a PE container with air supply opening according to the prior art or a largely gas-tight enclosure of a luggage compartment in a vehicle with air supply opening, is connected, in which the reactor vessel 5 is completely contained, and from which the internal combustion engine 7 ° at least temporarily sucks at least a portion of their charge air flow. Alternatively, instead of the reactor vessel 5 any other component in normal operation or in faulty or otherwise potentially hydrogen-carrying component or more of these.

While in 24 a development of the invention is shown, in which the LOHC system an internal combustion engine 7 . 7 ° supplied with a charge air intake according to the prior art and this internal combustion engine 7 . 7 ° by means of a gas-carrying line 57 with the gas space within a gas-tight, ventilatable enclosure 56 , in particular an enclosing pipe with air supply opening, is connected, in which the H2-conveying line 6 is completely contained, and from which the internal combustion engine 7 ° at least temporarily sucks at least a portion of their charge air flow. Alternatively, instead of the H2 delivery line 6 any other component in normal operation or in faulty or otherwise potentially hydrogen-carrying component or more of these.

25 shows a LOHC system in which the reactor vessel 5 and the H2 delivery line 6 from a gas-tight, ventilatable housing 54 . 54 ° or a gas-tight, ventilatable enclosure 56 . 56 ° - As described above - are completely surrounded, and this housing 54 . 54 ° and this serving 56 . 56 ° form a common, ventilatable gas space or, with a gas-carrying line 58 connected alternatively with a gas-conveying device 59 , in particular a sucking blower according to the prior art, is connected or that instead of the reactor vessel 5 or instead of the H2 delivery line 6 any other or more of the normal or faulty or otherwise potentially hydrogen-carrying component or any of them.

Furthermore, an LOHC system is conceivable, characterized in that the hydrogen-carrying line 6 and the gas-tight, ventilatable enclosure 56 is carried out as a double-walled respectively metallic pipe according to the prior art, wherein hydrogen is conveyed within an outwardly dense, pressure-resistant inner tube, and wherein in the outwardly dense and pressure-resistant annular space between the two tubes a ventilatable gas space consists of an optional air inlet opening and / / or has a ventilation opening, in particular for connection to a gas-carrying ventilation duct. Alternatively, instead of the metallic outer tube, a plastic tube, in particular a polyamide tube or tube according to the prior art or a fiber-reinforced plastic tube, in particular a CFRP tube, stand. Instead of the metallic inner tube, a plastic tube, in particular a polyamide tube or tube according to the prior art or a fiber-reinforced plastic tube, in particular a CFRP tube with a metallic coating, are available. Furthermore, in one of the double-walled arrangements, instead of the conduit 6 leading at least one other media-carrying pipeline, in particular LOHC 2 . 4 . 52 or for example hydrogen 34 . 34 * . 43 . 43 * or carrier 9 . 11 . 28 . 37 . 53 or gases leading 55 . 57 . 58 stand. Moreover, in one of the above double-walled arrangements, a flame arrester, for example a metallic honeycomb structure according to the prior art, may be integrated such that the gas-filled annulus located outside an inner pipe and within an outer pipe in at least one cross section of the double wall pipe for a flame front, as it can arise, for example, in the ignition of flammable gas / air mixtures - impermeable.

In addition, a LOHC system may be characterized in that at least one of the media carrying lines leads, for example, LOHC 2 . 4 . 52 or for example hydrogen leading 6 . 34 . 34 * . 43 . 43 * or for example carrier carrier leader 9 . 11 . 28 . 37 . 53 or for example gases leading 55 . 57 . 58 as a plastic pipe, for example as a polyamide pipe or hose according to the prior art or as a fiber-reinforced plastic pipe, for example a CFRP pipe is executed.

In 26 an LOHC system is shown in which at least one of the exhaust gas lines 8th . 8th' . 14 . 22 . 24 . 24 ' . 25 . 25 ' or alternatively further with a separator for H ₂ O condensate 60 , in particular a heat exchanger condenser according to the prior art, is connected, wherein in the separator 60 at least temporarily a portion of the water vapor entrained in the exhaust gas is deposited at least temporarily. Optionally, the H ₂ O condensate is passed over a water-carrying line 61 in a water-storing container 62 passed, which can be designed frost-resistant, for example, as a break solid PE container according to the prior art. In addition, the separator 60 with two heat transfer lines leading 63 . 64 , For example, a flow line and a return line of an engine coolant circuit to be connected. Or the separator 60 is with two heat transfer lines leading 63a . 64a , For example, a flow line and a return line of an oil circuit of the internal combustion engine or a transmission, designed according to the prior art, connected.

27 shows a LOHC system characterized in that at least within the reactor vessel 5 . 5 '* , or at least at the H2 outlet opening of the reactor vessel 5 . 5 '* , or at least in the H2 delivery line 6 . 6 '* an odorizing system 65 according to the prior art, which at least temporarily emits a prior art odorant in the hydrogen gas.

In 28 an LOHC system is shown in which at least one of its components by means of a signal-carrying line 66a , b, c, ... for example, an electric cable or an optical waveguide, each according to the prior art with at least one signal processing device 67 , For example, an electronic control unit according to the prior art, is connected. Alternatively, the signal processing device 67 at least by means of another signal processing line 68 with a device for linking signals carrying signals 69 , in particular with a connector of an electrical connector according to the prior art, be connected to the at least temporarily, for example, during refueling / emptying a LOHC system, for example, an exchange of data between the system and, for example, an external refueling device can be enabled , Furthermore, alternatively, in one of the arrangements described above, the signal processing device 67 at least by means of another signal processing line 70 with a device for linking signals carrying signals 71 , in particular with a connector of a prior art electrical connector, with which at least temporarily, for example during operation of a LOHC system, for example, an exchange of data between the system and, for example, an on-board controller be enabled.

Instead of the control unit 67 , or instead of at least one communication port 69 or 71 it is also possible to use at least one signal-carrying line of a data bus, for example a CAN bus according to the prior art.

Furthermore, for at least one component, at least one of the signals carrying lines 66a , b, c, ... be connected to at least one state sensor according to the prior art, for example with a temperature sensor (eg thermocouple), pressure sensor (eg electronic pressure transducer), level sensor (eg. Tube condenser), hydrogen gas sensor (eg electronic), end / (closing) contact switch (eg electromechanical or magnetic), current / voltage sensor (eg electronic), magnetic / electric field sensor (eg. Coil / spin coil), vibration / acceleration sensor / microphone (electronic), light sensor (eg photocell), and / or a rotation angle or rotation or position sensor.

Alternatively, for at least one component at least one of the signals carrying lines 66a , b, c, ... be connected to at least one actuator, for example a valve (eg a solenoid valve), a signal lamp (eg a light bulb), a loudspeaker (eg a signal horn) , a switch (eg an electrical relay), a heater (eg resistance heating wire), a fan (eg blower), a flap (eg servomotor), in each case according to the prior art.

In addition, for at least one component at least one of the signals leading lines 66a , b, c, ... instead of the controller 67 also or exclusively directly with one of the communication ports 69 or 71 be connected. And optionally, in any of the above arrangements, the via at least one arbitrary signal line 66a , b, c, ..., 68 . 70 Instead, transmitted signals may be transmitted at least in part wirelessly, without fixed line, for example by means of electromagnetic or electric fields, for example by using local radio networks (LAN), or in one of the arrangements described above with another, external or in-vehicle radio receiver / transmitter or a radio network receiver / transmitter signals are transmitted.

It is also possible that the function of the control unit 67 , At least partially at least temporarily by at least one individual sensor or at least a single actuator is taken, which each include its own signal processing device, for example, a microcontroller according to the prior art, or that in particular in the arrangement described above, a separate control unit 67 can be omitted.

• – Minimierung der wärmeabgebenden Außenflächen durch räumliche Integration der Einzelkomponenten,
• – Minimierung der die Wärmeverluste treibenden Temperaturdifferenzen durch Anordnung der betriebswärmsten Einzelkomponente innerhalb der nächst kälteren,
• – Rückführung der aus dem Reaktorgefäß herausgeführten Abwärme (H2-, Träger-Strom) in den Reaktorgefäßzulaufstrom (LOHC) mittels eines Gegenstromwärmetauschers,
• – Nutzung der Restwärme des Abgasstromes nach Austritt aus dem WT im Reaktorgefäß,
• – Einführung eines separaten, vorheizbaren LOHC-Teilmengenspeichers (Preheat Section, dessen anteilige Speichermasse klein gegenüber dem LOHC-Speicher und groß gegenüber der Betriebsmasse des Reaktorgefäßs ist,
• – Sequentielle Rohrleitungsführung der internen Massenströme aus dem Reaktorgefäß (Abgas, H2, Träger) durch die jeweils nächst kälteren Komponenten (Preheat Section, LOHC-Speicher, ggf. Träger-Speicher),
• – Nutzung der Kondensationsenthalpie des Wasserdampfes im Abgasstrom zur beschleunigten Inbetriebnahme,
• – Thermische Isolation zw. Preheat Section u. Speicher sowie zw. Speicher u. Umgebung,
• – Minimierung des LOHC-Masseanteils im Reaktorgefäß

Advantageous systematic embodiments of an automotive LOHC system have one or more of the following features:

• - Minimizing the heat-emitting Außenflä spatial integration of the individual components,
• Minimizing the temperature differences driving the heat losses by arranging the lowest operating temperature component within the next colder,
• Recirculation of the waste heat (H2, carrier stream) led out of the reactor vessel into the reactor vessel feed stream (LOHC) by means of a countercurrent heat exchanger,
• Use of the residual heat of the exhaust gas stream after leaving the WT in the reactor vessel,
• Introduction of a separate preheatable LOHC partial store (Preheat Section whose proportionate storage mass is small compared to the LOHC store and large compared to the operating mass of the reactor vessel,
• - Sequential piping of the internal mass flows from the reactor vessel (exhaust gas, H2, carrier) through the next next colder components (Preheat Section, LOHC memory, possibly carrier memory),
• Use of the enthalpy of condensation of the water vapor in the exhaust stream for accelerated commissioning,
• - Thermal insulation between Preheat Section u. Memory as well as between memory u. Surroundings,
• - Minimizing the LOHC mass fraction in the reactor vessel

The execution is exemplary in the 29 and 30 shown.

QUOTES INCLUDE IN THE DESCRIPTION

This list The documents listed by the applicant have been automated generated and is solely for better information recorded by the reader. The list is not part of the German Patent or utility model application. The DPMA takes over no liability for any errors or omissions.

Cited patent literature

• WO 2006/009630 A2 [0004]
• - EP 1691065 A1 [0004]

Claims (53)

Fuel supply device at least for the proportionate supply of a combustion in a combustion chamber fuel consumer ( 7 . 17 ) with hydrogen, in particular an internal combustion engine ( 7 ) or fuel cells ( 17 ) of a motor vehicle, at least consisting of a first storage tank ( 3 ) for a hydrogen-enriched carrier, in particular liquid LOHC, and from a second storage tank ( 10 ) for a dehydrated carrier, both by at least one flow circuit, in particular via a supply line ( 4 ) and a drain line ( 9 ), connected to the carrier, in the at least one pressure and temperature resistant reactor vessel ( 5 ), which has at least one heat exchanger and one separator function for providing hydrogen to the consumer ( 7 . 17 ), in particular by dehydration of the enriched carrier, and the at least one connecting line ( 6 . 8th . 14 ) with the combustion chamber of the consumer ( 7 . 17 ) connected is. Fuel supply device according to claim 1, characterized in that in the first and / or second storage tank ( 3 . 10 ) and / or in the flow circuit and / or in the connecting line ( 6 . 8th ) additional funds ( 13 . 15 ), which provide for the provision of fuel to the consumer ( 7 . 17 ) support. Fuel supply device according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the first and / or the second storage tank ( 3 . 10 ) contains at least one feed pump, in particular a roller-cell pump, with which the stored carrier means can be conveyed. Fuel supply device according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the first and / or the second storage tank ( 3 . 10 ) contains at least one surge protected removal area, in particular a surge pot, in which the suction nozzle of a carrier-supply pump or a carrier-suction line is arranged. Fuel supply device according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the first and / or the second storage tank ( 3 . 10 ) contains at least one by a mechanical separation, in particular a solid partition, separated portion, in particular for heating, which can accommodate a smaller proportion of the maximum stored in memory carrier mass. Fuel supply device according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the first and / or the second storage tank ( 3 . 10 ) contains at least one transfer system with which the storage contents of at least one point in the storage is conveyed at least into a surge protected removal area and / or at least into a lower part of the storage tank. Fuel supply device according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the first and / or the second storage tank ( 3 . 10 ) contains at least one suction line or a suction nozzle of a carrier-feed pump, which is / are designed at its / its suction as a double-flow Doppelsaugstutzen, wherein one of the two suction is arranged geodetically higher than the other. Fuel supply device according to one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the first and / or the second storage tank ( 3 . 10 ) contains at least one mechanically flexible bladder, in particular a foldable plastic bladder, in which at least part of the stored support means is received. Fuel supply device according to one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the first and / or the second storage tank ( 3 . 10 ) contains at least one mechanically flexible wall, in particular a foldable plastic film, with which at least a part of the stored support means of at least one gas-filled space within the storage tank ( 3 . 10 ) is separated. Fuel supply device according to one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that the first and / or the second storage tank ( 3 . 10 ) au outside or within its container wall, at least proportionally, has a thermal insulation. Fuel supply device according to one of claims 1 to 10, characterized in that the first and the second storage tank ( 3 . 10 ) in a container ( 13 ), which is subdivided into at least two storage spaces for separating the hydrogen-enriched from the dehydrated carrier by at least one, in particular mechanically flexible, in particular made of plastic film, wall. Fuel supply device according to one of claims 1 to 11, characterized in that the first and / or the second storage tank ( 3 . 10 ) and / or the container ( 13 ) are formed so that at least part of the wall of external mechanical loads, in particular structural loads occurring in a vehicle, can transmit and / or by a supporting component of the vehicle structure, in particular by a spar in a body of the vehicle is formed. Fuel supply device according to one of claims 1 to 12, characterized in that the first and / or the second storage tank ( 3 . 10 ) and / or the container ( 13 ) are formed so that at least part of the wall of which is composed of at least two sections and these are sealed by a carrier-resistant sealant. Fuel supply device according to one of claims 1 to 13, characterized in that the connecting line ( 6 ) from the reactor vessel ( 5 ) to the consumer ( 7 . 17 ) through the first and / or the second storage tank ( 3 . 10 ), in particular formed as a tube heat exchanger. Fuel supply device according to one of claims 1 to 14, characterized in that at least a portion of an exhaust gas stream of the internal combustion engine ( 7 ) via an exhaust gas turbocharger ( 15 ) is at least temporarily relaxed, in particular by installation of the exhaust gas turbocharger ( 15 ) in the connecting line ( 8th ) by means of a connecting line ( 14 ) between internal combustion engine ( 7 ) and exhaust gas turbocharger ( 15 ). Fuel supply device according to one of claims 1 to 14, characterized in that as a consumer exclusively at least one fuel cell ( 17 ), which is exclusively connected by a single interconnector ( 16 ) with the reactor vessel ( 5 ) connected is. Fuel supply device according to one of claims 1 to 16, characterized in that a heat exchanger ( 19 ), in particular a countercurrent heat exchanger, between the feed line ( 4 ) and the drain line ( 9 ) is switched. Fuel supply device according to one of claims 1 to 17, characterized in that the connecting line ( 6 ) from the reactor vessel ( 5 ) to the consumer ( 7 ) over the heat exchanger ( 19 ) is guided. Fuel supply device according to one of claims 1 to 18, characterized in that an exhaust pipe ( 8th' ) of the consumer ( 7 ) through the reactor vessel ( 5 ) and after leaving the reactor vessel ( 5 ) over the heat exchanger ( 19 ) to an exhaust gas outlet opening ( 23 ) is guided. Fuel supply device according to one of claims 1 to 19, characterized in that an exhaust pipe ( 8th' ) of the consumer ( 7 ) through the reactor vessel ( 5 ) and after leaving the reactor vessel ( 5 ) over the heat exchanger ( 19 ) and another exhaust pipe ( 24 . 24 ' ) through the first storage tank ( 3 ) through to the exhaust gas outlet opening ( 23 ) is guided. Fuel supply device according to one of claims 1 to 20, characterized in that an exhaust pipe ( 8th' ) of the consumer ( 7 ) through the reactor vessel ( 5 ) and after leaving the reactor vessel ( 5 ), through the first storage tank ( 3 ), to the exhaust gas outlet opening ( 23 ) is guided. Fuel supply device according to one of claims 1 to 21, characterized in that an exhaust pipe ( 8th' ) of the consumer ( 7 ) through the reactor vessel ( 5 ) and after leaving the reactor vessel ( 5 ) over the heat exchanger ( 19 ) and the further exhaust pipe ( 24 ) through the first storage tank ( 3 ) and then via a second further exhaust pipe ( 25 ) through the second storage tank ( 10 ) through to the exhaust gas outlet opening ( 23 ) is guided. Fuel supply device according to one of claims 1 to 22, characterized in that an exhaust pipe ( 8th' ) of the consumer ( 7 ) through the reactor vessel ( 5 ) and after leaving the reactor vessel ( 5 ) through the second storage tank ( 10 ) through to the exhaust gas outlet opening ( 23 ) is guided. Fuel supply device according to one of claims 1 to 23, characterized in that an exhaust pipe ( 8th' ) of the consumer ( 7 ) through the reactor vessel ( 5 ) and after leaving the reactor vessel ( 5 ) over the heat exchanger ( 19 ) and the further exhaust pipe ( 24 ) through the second storage tank ( 10 ) through to the exhaust gas outlet opening ( 23 ) is guided. Fuel supply device according to one of claims 1 to 24, characterized in that in the connecting line ( 8th ), by the consumer ( 7 ) to the reactor vessel ( 5 ), a hydrogen-powered heater ( 27 ), in particular a catalytic H2 burner, which is connected via a branch ( 26 ) from the connecting line ( 6 ), from the reactor vessel ( 5 ) to the consumer ( 7 ) is fueled. Fuel supply device according to one of claims 1 to 24, characterized in that in the connecting line ( 8th ), by the consumer ( 7 ) to the reactor vessel ( 5 ), a carrier-operated heater ( 29 ), in particular an injector burner, which is arranged via a carrier conveying line ( 28 ) from the second storage tank ( 10 ) is supplied with fuel. Fuel supply device according to claim 26, characterized in that in the Trä germittel-Förderleitung ( 28 ) a carrier memory ( 30 ), in particular analogously to the second storage tank ( 10 ) is arranged. Fuel supply device according to claim 27, characterized in that in the carrier material store ( 30 ), a heater, in particular an electric heating element, is arranged. Fuel supply device according to one of claims 1 to 24, characterized in that in the connecting line ( 8th ), by the consumer ( 7 ) to the reactor vessel ( 5 ), an electrically operated heater ( 33 ), in particular a resistance heating element, which is arranged by an electrical power source, in particular an electric generator, of the consumer ( 7 ), in particular via a device which changes the electric current ( 32 ), in particular a DC / DC converter, is supplied with electrical energy. Fuel supply device according to one of claims 1 to 29, characterized in that the reactor vessel ( 5 . 5 * ) with a hydrogen-powered cold start heater ( 36 ), in particular a catalytic burner equipped with the connection line ( 6 ), from the reactor vessel ( 5 . 5 * ) to the consumer ( 7 ), via a hydrogen storage ( 35 ), in particular a compressed gas storage, is supplied with fuel. Fuel supply device according to one of claims 1 to 29, characterized in that the reactor vessel ( 5 . 5 * ) with a carrier-operated cold start heater ( 38 ), in particular an injector burner, equipped via a carrier conveyor line ( 28 ) from the second storage tank ( 10 . 10 * ), in particular via a carrier memory ( 30 ) is fueled. Fuel supply device according to one of claims 1 to 29, characterized in that the reactor vessel ( 5 . 5 * ) with an electrically operated cold start heater ( 39 ), in particular a resistance heating element, which is powered by a power source ( 41 ), in particular a battery and / or a high-performance capacitor and / or a fuel cell, is supplied with electrical energy. Fuel supply device according to one of claims 1 to 29, characterized in that the reactor vessel ( 5 . 5 * ) with a sorption hydride operated cold start heater ( 42 ), in particular designed as a pressure-resistant, partially filled with sorption hydrated container, which via a third further hydrogen-carrying connecting line ( 43 . 43 * ) with an integrated shut-off device ( 44 ), in particular a check valve, which can be unlocked via an electrically controlled magnet, with a hydrogen storage ( 45 ), in particular a compressed gas reservoir, is connected. Fuel supply device according to one of claims 1 to 33, characterized in that the, in particular provided with a thermal insulation, reactor vessel ( 5 . 5 ** ) with an electrically operated parking heater ( 46 ) equipped by a, in particular via an electric switch switchable, power source ( 49 ), in particular at least one solar cell and / or at least one fuel cell, is supplied with electrical energy. Fuel supply device according to one of claims 1 to 34, characterized in that the consumer ( 7 . 7 ~ ) is equipped with a bivalent mixture formation unit and from the first storage tank ( 3 ) via another connecting line ( 50 ), at least temporarily either simultaneously or with a time delay for the supply of fuel via the connecting line ( 6 ) between reactor vessels ( 5 ) and consumers ( 7 . 7 ~ ) is supplied with fuel, for which the connecting line ( 6 ) and the further connection line ( 50 ) different applied delivery pressures and / or a different configuration of the line connection to the storage tank ( 3 . 3 ' . 13 . 3 ° . 3 ~ ) exhibit. Fuel supply device according to one of claims 1 to 34, characterized in that the consumer ( 7+ ) is equipped with a bivalent mixture formation unit and from the second storage tank ( 10 . 10 ~ ) via another connecting line ( 51 ), at least temporarily either simultaneously or with a time delay for the supply of fuel via the connecting line ( 6 ) between reactor vessels ( 5 ) and consumers ( 7+ ), is supplied with carrier. Fuel supply device according to claim 36, characterized in that the further connecting line ( 51 ) with the carrier memory ( 30 ) connected is. Fuel supply device according to one of claims 36 or 37, characterized in that the further supply line ( 51 ) with the drainage pipe ( 11 ) connected is. Fuel supply device according to one of claims 1 to 38, characterized in that a Ladegasansaugung the consumer ( 7 . 7 ° ) or a gas delivery device, in particular a blower ( 59 ), from at least one gas space, in particular in the first, in particular ventilatable, storage tank ( 3 ) and / or in the second, in particular ventilatable, storage tank ( 10 ), about a sixth or seventh, eighth, ninth and tenth further connection lines ( 52 . 53 . 55 . 57 . 58 ), at least temporarily sucks at least a portion of their load or flow rate. Fuel supply device according to claim 39, characterized in that the gas space in normal operation and / or fault conditions and / or otherwise potentially hydrogen leading room, in particular a gas-tight, ventilatable housing ( 54 . 56 ), in particular made of polyethylene, in particular with air supply opening and / or ventilation opening or a largely gas-tight enclosure of a luggage compartment of a vehicle with air supply opening. Fuel supply device according to claim 40, characterized in that the reactor vessel ( 5 ) and / or the connecting line ( 6 ) and / or each further connection line ( 34 . 34 * . 43 . 43 * . 50 . 51 . 52 . 53 . 55 . 57 . 58 ) and / or each line ( 4 . 9 . 11 . 28 . 37 ) of the flow circuit is completely contained in the gas space. Fuel supply device according to one of Claims 39 to 41, characterized in that the gas space as a double-walled pipe, in particular of metal and / or made of plastic, in particular of polyamide or of fiber-reinforced Plastic, in particular coated metallic, is executed, wherein within an outwardly sealed, pressure-resistant inner tube Hydrogen is promoted and being the outward dense and pressure-resistant annular space between the two tubes ventilated is, in particular via a gas-carrying ventilation duct. Fuel supply device according to one of Claims 39 to 42, characterized in that the double-walled Gas chamber arrangement a flame arrester, in particular a metallic Honeycomb structure, containing the gas-containing annulus, the outside of an inner line and within an outer line lies in at least one cross section of the gas space for a flame front, as in particular at the inflammation ignitable gas / air mixtures arises, makes impermeable. Fuel supply device according to one of claims 1 to 43, characterized in that at least one of the exhaust gas leading lines ( 8th . 8th' . 14 . 22 . 24 . 24 ' . 25 . 25 ' ) with a separator ( 60 ) for water condensate, in particular a heat exchanger condenser, and in the separator ( 60 ) at least temporarily a portion of the entrained in an exhaust gas water vapor is deposited at least temporarily. Fuel supply device according to claim 44, characterized in that the water condensate via a water-carrying line ( 61 ) in a water-storing container ( 62 ), the water tank ( 62 ) in particular frost-proof, in particular as a break-resistant polyethylene container, is formed. Fuel supply device according to one of claims 44 or 45, characterized in that the separator ( 60 ) with two heat transfer lines ( 63 . 64 ), in particular a flow line and a return line of a consumer coolant circuit or a consumer oil circuit or a transmission oil circuit is connected. Fuel supply device according to one of claims 1 to 46, characterized in that within the reactor vessel ( 5 . 5 '* ) or outside at its outlet opening to the connecting line ( 6 . 6 '* ) or in the connection line ( 6 . 6 '* ) an odorizing plant ( 65 ) which at least temporarily releases an odorant into the separated hydrogen. Fuel supply device according to one of claims 1 to 47, characterized in that at least one of its components by means of a signal-carrying line ( 66a , b, c, ...), in particular an electric cable or an optical waveguide, with at least one signal processing device ( 67 ), in particular an electronic control unit and / or a data bus, in particular a CAN bus, and / or with a device for linking signals leading lines ( 69 . 71 ), in particular with a plug of an electrical plug connection and / or a data bus, in particular a CAN bus, is connected. Fuel supply device according to claim 48, characterized in that the signal processing device ( 67 ) at least by means of a further signal processing line ( 68 . 70 ) with means for linking signals carrying signals ( 69 . 71 ), in particular with a plug of an electrical plug connection and / or a data bus, in particular a CAN bus, connected to the at least temporarily, in particular during operation of the fuel supply device or during refueling / emptying of carrier, an exchange of data between the Fuel supply device and a vehicle-side or -internen control unit or an external refueling device takes place. Fuel supply device according to one of claims 48 or 49, characterized in that for at least one fuel supply device component at least one of the signals leading lines ( 66a , b, c, ...) is connected to at least one sensor, in particular a temperature sensor and / or a pressure sensor and / or a fill level sensor and / or a hydrogen gas sensor and / or an end / close contact switch and / or a current sensor. / Voltage sensor and / or a magnetic / electric field sensor and / or a vibration / acceleration sensor and / or a light sensor and / or a rotation angle or rotation or position sensor, and / or with at least one actuator, in particular with a valve and / or a signal lamp and / or a loudspeaker and / or a switch and / or a heater and / or a fan and / or a flap. Fuel supply device according to one of Claims 48 to 50, characterized in that for at least one fuel supply device component at least a signal is transmitted at least proportionally wirelessly in particular with another, external or in-vehicle Radio receiver / transmitter or with a radio network receiver / transmitter, in particular by means of electromagnetic or electric fields, especially by using local radio networks. Fuel supply device according to one of claims 48 to 51, characterized in that for at least one fuel supply device component at least one of the signal-carrying lines ( 66a , b, c, ...) additionally or exclusively with a device for linking signals carrying signals ( 69 . 71 ) connected is. Fuel supply device according to one of claims 48 to 52, characterized in that the function of the control unit ( 67 ), at least partially at least temporarily by at least one sensor and / or at least one actuator is taken, for which they each contain a separate signal processing device, in particular a microcontroller.