DE102008033995A1 - Three-wheeled vehicle, has net load frame carried by main frame leg or supporting frame leg by net load frame bolts depending on curve direction during straight-ahead driving - Google Patents

Abstract

The vehicle has a main frame leg and a supporting frame leg (1) rotatably mounted against each other. The main frame leg is rigidly connected to a rear wheel unit of a steerable rear wheel (11). The main frame leg and the supporting frame leg receive a left front wheel (11') and a right front wheel. A net load frame (4) is connected to the main frame leg in a superposing manner by a hinge joint (6), and is carried by the main frame leg or the supporting frame leg by net load frame bolts depending on a curve direction during straight-ahead driving.

Description

issues global energy distribution, scarcity of resources and CO2 emissions increasingly require new vehicle concepts. by virtue of the rapid advancements in power electronics, the Drive technology, microprocessor technology, battery and accumulator technology Nowadays, vehicle concepts can become reality, which were difficult to realize a few years ago.

With the resulting new forward-looking chassis and vehicle concepts is concerned with the invention described here.

electric vehicles have led a niche existence so far, that of a clientele was used, which rejected the car for the most part. Lack of energy storage components, dynamics and range problems also led to a slow acceptance of these light vehicles.

These Scripture describes the construction of a very dynamic light-weight chassis as a basis for a variety of new vehicle concepts with Battery, hydrogen, gasoline, gas or fuel cells. The Drive units can be used both with electric motors also realized with internal combustion engines or generally with heat engines become.

It is also suitable for their combination, ie hybrid systems.

Light vehicles, to which the described type of vehicle belongs take into account certain characteristics of the vehicles of the Central or upper class less or not at all.

It There are a variety of tilting vehicles, each one have advantages and disadvantages and the claim not sufficient, light and constructively simple to be.

The state of the art here is the concept studies, Mercedes LifeJet F-300 ( http://www.3wheelers.com/mercedes.html ), Clever of BMW and TU Berlin ( http://www.clever-project.net/ ), and the three-wheeled series Carver ONE of Anton van den Brink ( http://www.carver-worldwide.com/Home/Index.asp?nc=1 ), as well as the scooter MP3 of the company Piaggio ( http://www.de.piaggio.com/de_DE/prodotti/mp3/mp3_125_rl/default.aspx ) mentioned.

at the concept Carver ONE and Clever is the inclination of the vehicle over a tilt management system electro-hydraulically in and out. This happens to the detriment of overall efficiency, as in the tilting process Energy flows that lost the kinematics of straight-ahead driving goes.

The Tilting concept MP3 from the company PIAGGIO has a physical and physical effect and surpasses the safety of motorcycling. It works but by a variety of structurally necessary individual components very heavy and maintenance intensive.

Of the Invention is based on the object, a device of the specified Generating species that tries with a small number of joints and single components, a dynamic, yet safe, lightweight To realize a tilted vehicle that supports servomotive, or by the motorcycle-like driving style, manual, tends.

Solved This problem is solved by the features of the claim 1. Further embodiments of the invention are in the subsequent Subclaims reproduced.

With the device according to the invention is the chassis, and the vehicle cab or payload space for drivers, Passenger and Transportgut the cornering inclined accordingly.

Cheap geometric mass distribution of individual vehicle components such as Seats, propulsion units, battery packs or fuel tanks (for Internal combustion engines or fuel cells), as well as those with the inclination Stabilize connected center of gravity shift to turn inside the vehicle.

The Landing gear structure is designed so that it through their very Narrow design and construction-related few components a very low weight. The aerodynamic resistance is through the small vehicle width low. The necessary tilting The vehicle cabin is adjusted by a curve situation Tilting suspension produced. The construction of the chassis is designed to that the energy that needs to be expended to increase the inclination generate, relatively low fails. In essence, it is similar to the motorcycle, through the Construction and the driving style itself conditionally. Similar to the motorcycle only disturbed the balance situation of the straight ahead and balanced again, here can be controlled by a sensor and microprocessor Tenderness management (by man himself, or combined) initiated and controlled. The resulting Center of gravity of the vehicle to the inside of the curve stabilized the cornering.

It should be effected with the invention that a relatively narrow aerodynamic driving mold shape does not tilt and remain controllable even at high cornering speeds. A special feature of the invention is that these advantages (compared to the prior art) is realized with relatively little design effort.

The now good availability of modern electrical drive components and energy storage fits into the overall realization cheap. Although the domain of this construction the electric drive is at both front wheels with wheel hub motors so-called "in wheel drive units" for provide the drive, it is also suitable for a central Rear-wheel drive with combustion or electric motor.

details are drawn from these perspectives from the perspective: "in Driving direction! "Explained.

there shows:

1a schematically the vehicle side profile from the left.

1b schematically the top view of the vehicle construction.

2a schematically the vehicle side profile from the right.

2 B schematically the top view of the vehicle construction.

3a schematically the vehicle side profile in right turn.

3b schematically the front view of the vehicle at right turn.

3c schematically the top view of the vehicle with right turned rear wheel steering and mitlenkenden front wheels.

4a schematically the vehicle side profile in left turn.

4b schematically the front view of the vehicle at left turn.

4c schematically the top view of the vehicle with turned-left rear-wheel steering and mitlenkenden front wheels.

5a schematically a version as a remote-controlled RC car with all individual modules in "plan view" without body and payload frame.

5b schematically a side profile view of the remote-controlled RC car by the controlled tilt servo tilted to the right.

6 The block diagram of a microprocessor-controlled tilt management.

1a . 1b . 2a 2 B show the main features of the vehicle construction, consisting essentially of the two frame legs 1 and 2 , the mobile payload frame 4 , the hinge joint 6 and the lockable pivot bearing 12 consist. The 1a and 1b show the side profile when driving straight ahead.

The main frame leg 2 is rigid with the carrier of the rear wheel steering 13 and the necessary Radfederelementen connected.

The subframe leg 1 is through the pivot bearing 12 rotatable relative to the main frame leg 2 attached.

The two front wheels 11 '' right and 11 ' left are connected via conventional spring-damper combinations with the respective front frame legs.

On the description of the necessary damping elements will be omitted in this document, it is assumed to be known, because they are borrowed from the common automotive technology can.

The Curve control of the vehicle is created by the in the sketches shown rear wheel steering. Even if the concept of a single wheel steering the Front wheels with a rigid rear axle allow, so the version shown is the constructively simpler.

Becomes the vehicle as an electric car variant with batteries and / or fuel cell running, recommend so-called "In Wheel Drive Aggregates ". This engine type is the Drive motor in - or directly at the wheel hub and puts together with the brake system and the suspension a closed unit.

Drive motors on the frame legs 1 and 2 are attached laterally and their moments by means of toothed belt, cardan or chains to the wheels and are also possible.

In an internal combustion engine version, the engine should be on the steerable rear wheel 11 , similar to conventional scooter technology, are attached.

For the sake of simplicity and symmetry, it is advisable to use a wheel hub motor on each frame part, which depends on the power electronics 19 the corresponding drive torques and rotational speeds get impressed, since the inside of the curve turns more slowly according to the curve radius must be considered the outside engine.

The payload frame 4 is over the hinge joint 6 with the main frame leg 2 connected.

At the payload frame 4 are attached: the vehicle seat (s) 9 , the fuel tank or Akkublock 23 , the unit 5 for receiving the operating pedals, the steering, and the weather protection shown schematically 10 , The construction can also be carried out by extension with multiple seats. Additional seats may find room behind the driver's seat. The payload frame can also carry a closed cab.

If this results in physical or production advantages, the battery pack can 23 be integrated as a focal point-determining component in the frame legs.

The driving bolts 7 and 7 ' are permanently connected to the payload frame.

3a shows the vehicle tilted to the right. The former from the sub frame leg 1 Carried left payload frame bolts 7 ' floats while the right continues from the right main frame leg 2 will be carried.

3b shows the reverse situation of cornering to the left.

Here floats the right payload frame bolt 7 while the payload frame 4 through the left bolt 7 ' through the pivoted-in subframe leg 1 will be carried.

The construction and interaction of the main and subframe legs 2 and 1 and the payload frame 4 can also be performed mirrored. However, there could be manufacturing reasons for choosing one or the other design.

The transfer the steering movement of the steering wheel to the rear wheel steering is not part of this Description. It can be conventional mechanically or after the "steering by wire "principle, ie electrohydraulically.

The Rear-wheel steering can be similar to popular motorcycle technology as a steering knuckle, telescopic fork or in BMW Telelevertechnik executed become.

Also the damping elements of the front and rear wheels can be taken from popular motorcycle or car technology and is not part of this description in detail.

Lots Components can be used from the well-known motorcycle technology become and make a manufacturing and project implementation easy.

Of the big advantage over a conventional one Motorcycle (single-track vehicle) is the great tracking stability by two wheels in front.

Also the braking behavior, especially in the wet, is due to the Design better than a single-track vehicle.

Because the steerable rear wheel 11 is retraced, remains in the handlebar noticeable "starting jerk", as it is known from motorcycles or trikes with long front wheel, extremely low or is barely noticeable.

3c and 4c show an embodiment in which the front wheels mitlenken at limited angles. Similar to mitlenkender axles in conventional cars, this measure can improve the saving behavior and tire wear.

5a and 5b show a much smaller version for the model market, a so-called RC car. At similar proportions, the design is made significantly smaller and is operated with a remote control system.

6 shows the block diagram of the microprocessor-controlled tilt electronics.

Here, too, ensures electronic tilt management 14 for the curve slope as a function of the speed and the orbit radius.

It is fed by the accumulator block 23 , This unit contains the high-capacity accumulators and the charging and recuperation technology. This block supplies the entire on-board electronics.

Of the skilled operator could rely on the help of the electronic Renounce tilt management. However, this helps to help This device driving the model significantly, as the operator (unlike in the passenger vehicle) no noticeable Transverse acceleration and balance feeling experiences.

Core element is a tilt control unit 14 which receives all necessary electronic components. This includes the power electronics 19 for controlling the wheel hub motors 11 ' and 11 '' , the gyroscopes 20 , the two-axis Accelleration Sensor 21 and the remote control receiver 18 ,

With the remote control 15 The control commands are sent from the operator to the receiver 18 in the Nei gemanagementmodul 14 of the model vehicle. Here, the necessary commands such as speed and desired direction are recorded, processed and sent to the tilt servo 16 , Curve servo 17 and to the drive motors 11 ' and 11 '' passed. The in the wheels 11 ' and 11 '' Integrated incremental encoder deliver tacho pulses to the processing unit 22 back.

From the instantaneous values, speed (from the wheel increment sensors), lateral acceleration (from the Accellerationssensoren), rotation (of gyro sensors), the curve and speed request (of the operator) a tilt scenario is calculated and the tilting servo 16 and the control servo 17 output. In addition, the wheel motors 11 ' and 11 '' energized according to the momentarily calculated tilting algorithm and the speed request.

The interaction of the two servos 16 and 17 and the wheel moments provide for a, adapted to the instantaneous conditions, stable cornering.

Moves the vehicle loses without the dynamization of the tilting chassis tilts Due to its relatively narrow track at the smallest curve radius immediately.

5b schematically shows the chassis and the tilt servo for a better explanation 16 isolated from other components.

The tilt servo 16 is with its housing on the main frame leg 2 attached. The rudder horn is over an axis with the sub frame leg 1 connected. Rotation of the rudder arm causes rotation of the subframe leg 1 opposite the main frame leg 2 , which results in a tilt of the vehicle to the left or right.

5b shows at the servo position shown a tilt to the right.

The curve servo 17 controls the rear wheel according to the curve request to the left and right. The illustration schematically shows a curve to the right.

QUOTES INCLUDE IN THE DESCRIPTION

This list The documents listed by the applicant have been automated generated and is solely for better information recorded by the reader. The list is not part of the German Patent or utility model application. The DPMA takes over no liability for any errors or omissions.

Cited non-patent literature

• - http://www.3wheelers.com/mercedes.html [0008]
• - http://www.clever-project.net/ [0008]
• - http://www.carver-worldwide.com/Home/Index.asp?nc=1 [0008]
• - http://www.de.piaggio.com/en_US/prodotti/mp3/mp3_125_rl/default.aspx [0008]

Claims (10)

Tricycle with tilting chassis to improve the cornering stability in a narrow aerodynamic design, characterized in that the frame main leg 2 and the frame auxiliary leg 1 are rotatably supported against each other, wherein the frame main leg 2 with the rear wheel unit of the rear wheel 11 rigidly connected is the two frame legs 1 and 2 can the front wheels 11 ' and 11 '' take up. The payload frame 4 is about a joint 6 with the frame main leg 2 stocked and is supported by the payload frame bolts 7 and 7 ' alternately, depending on the direction of the curve, carried by one of the two frame legs. When driving straight ahead of both. Tricycle with tilting chassis to improve the cornering stability in a narrow aerodynamic design, according to claim 1, characterized in that the construction compared to the prior art, the main components of the chassis, the two frame legs (through the main joint 12 connected), quasi shares and shifts for cornering against each other. This results in two Einspurfahrzeuge run side by side and share a rear wheel. Tricycle with tilting chassis for improvement cornering stability with a narrow aerodynamic design, according to claim 1, characterized in that the construction itself especially for structurally simple light electric vehicles lends itself well in future-oriented mobility concepts fits. Tricycle with tilting chassis for improvement cornering stability with a narrow aerodynamic design, according to one of the preceding claims, characterized that it is with both internal combustion engine and with electric motors or whose combination (ie hybrid) works. Tricycle with tilting chassis for improvement cornering stability with a narrow aerodynamic design, according to one of the preceding claims, characterized that the basic chassis a rear-wheel steering as well as Einzelradvorderradlenkung allows. Tricycle with tilting chassis for improvement cornering stability with a narrow aerodynamic design, according to one of the preceding claims, characterized that the incline is similar to that of a motorcycle The driver's sense of balance or caused by a or fully automatic electro-hydraulic tilt management becomes. Tricycle with tilting chassis to improve cornering stability in a narrow aerodynamic design, according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the frame leg main joint 12 be mechanically or electro-hydraulically stiffened at standstill of the vehicle or at low speed by an automatic or manual clutch to cause the vehicle to fall over at a standstill. This favors getting in and out of the vehicle and loading. Tricycle with tilting chassis for improvement cornering stability with a narrow aerodynamic design, according to one of the preceding claims, characterized that in a version with rear-wheel steering the front wheels, can steer in small angles. Similar to one Mitlenkenden axle in conventional cars, the directional stability is favored and reduces tire wear. Tricycle with tilting chassis for improvement cornering stability with a narrow aerodynamic design, according to one of the preceding claims, characterized that it is for passenger-owned light vehicle designs but Also suitable for RC radio remote control models. Tricycle with tilting chassis to improve the cornering stability in a narrow aerodynamic design, according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a central tilt management 14 is supplied with all instantaneous data and the control of the power electronics 19 the drive motors takes over and the control signals for the servo auxiliary units 16 and 17 supplies.