DE102008033063A1 - Warm water i.e. industrial water, providing method for e.g. hospital, involves guiding warm water and industrial water upto transfer point, and supplying industrial water to heating cycle, where warm water is produced for dwelling unit - Google Patents

Abstract

The method involves guiding a centrally prepared warm industrial water (Br) into an industrial water line (70). Warm water (WW) and the warm industrial water are guided up to a transfer point in a heat-coupling manner, and the industrial water is supplied to a heating cycle. The warm water is centrally produced for a dwelling unit. The warm industrial water is supplied with the warm water from a transfer point towards warm water consumers in a heat-coupling manner. The warm industrial water is fed to a hand towel dryer and a heated floor. An independent claim is also included for a device for providing warm water.

Description

The The present invention relates to methods and apparatus for the central Hot water supply according to the preambles of Claims 1 and 9 and 21 and 22.

It is known in central water heating systems for Keep the hot water pipes warm with a circulation pipe couple, close to the last customer to the hot water pipe Tailored and in the cooled hot water back to the water heater or storage is circulated to it there reheat and circulate again. Parallel circulation strands, for example in different Rises of a house are automatic with mostly thermostatic Adjusted control valves, which reduces the energy consumption for the Reduced circulation. For the hot water circulation of this However, form requires nearly as much energy as for the water heating itself. In particular to minimize these heat losses, it is also known to lay the circulation pipe coaxially in the hot water pipe. The heat losses are reduced by about 50%. By the good heat transfer of the coaxial tubes are approaching however, circulation temperature and hot water temperature after a few Meters, resulting in certain temperature fluctuations at the point of consumption can lead. To minimize this effect, it is further known, circulation pipe and hot water pipe under a common Thermal insulation, but with a certain distance from each other relocate. This also reduces the heat losses, for example by 50%. All processes of hot water circulation in common is the Circulation of the warm water itself. This is however a food and should reach the consumer by the shortest route. In the circulating strand located water increases the Water volume and provides space for the settlement of biofilms with amoebae and legionella that are harmful to can be the health of man, provided they are to Take a shower example in the lungs. That is why it becomes special in sensitive facilities such as hospitals, nursing homes, Hotels etc. the warm water specifically from the circulation for at least 5 minutes of thermal disinfection at least 70 ° C subjected. The related technical and energetic Effort is immense, the regularly required Maintenance of calcified pumps, heat exchangers and saving are very expensive. All provided with a hot water circulation Systems own a high return temperature, always over the temperature of the circulated hot water of for example 55 ° C and, in particular, at significant negative consequences guides the suppliers.

Out For this reason, it is also known, the hot water pipe electrically to temper with a self-regulating heating tape and the warm water even not to circulate. Although this minimizes the volume of water and the heat loss to about 50%, the pumping effort for the circulation completely and completely eliminated the return temperatures are not adversely affected, but this is valuable for keeping warm electrical energy, so high-quality exergy needed, which outweighs the benefits of this solution and besides contributed to the low price of the high price of this system Has.

It is also known to prepare the warm water in the immediate vicinity of the place of consumption in so-called decentralized home stations. Here, the water is indirectly heated by heating water via an individual heat exchanger in the flow. Thus, it is not necessary to prepare the warm water centrally and to keep warm to the place of consumption. Rather, the heating water at the home station must always be available for hot water preparation. For this purpose, thermostatic valves are integrated into a short circuit between the heating flow and return line at a suitable point, which open when the temperature falls below a critical temperature of, for example, ≥43 ° C and allow cooled heating flow water to flow back to the generator. An advantage of the decentralized system is the elimination of the hot water pipe and the circulation pipe, ie the reduction from a five-wire system to a three-wire system. However, the heat losses do not reduce as well, because throughout the year in the heating flow, for example, 65 ° C must be maintained, while normally adjusted in the central heating, the outside temperature adjusted flow temperature, so this goes completely out of service in the summer, what the heat losses the heating pipes in centralized systems reduced. The decentralized systems are characterized by comparatively high investment costs for the provision of a complex technology at each place of consumption to achieve a more or less constant hot water temperature, resulting in high maintenance, which must be given access to each of the home stations. Furthermore, a high connection value must be provided at each dwelling unit and usually also paid to the utility company, which is based on the thermal power of the hot water preparation, ie at about 34 kW for a standard bath with 140 liters content must be to this in 10 minutes with 45 ° C to fill warm water, for example, while the heating demand is only 5 kW per unit. The result is larger pipe cross sections and circulating pumps with the appropriate control and possibly also additional storage tank central point, in order to be able to provide the heating water for hot water preparation to every consumer in case of need. Furthermore, it is common vorzuhal in district heating networks pressures and temperatures up to 25 bar and 150 ° C, for example. However, for safety reasons, parameters of this height are not permitted up to the consumer-friendly home station. As a result, an additional home transfer station is required in which the parameters required for the home stations are set, for example 3 bar and 65 ° C. This leads to a further increase in the technical and financial effort. The integration of alternative forms of energy with lower parameters ("low-Ex"), so for example solar or geothermal energy with and without additional heat pumps with flow temperatures of less than 40 ° C is thereby practically excluded.

Of the present invention is based on the object, the requirements of ecology, economy and hygiene for the hot water preparation of centrally supplied residential units in To bring harmony and a simple central hot water supply system to develop a hygienic hot water with a low consumption of energy sources possible low exergy easy and reliable and with minimal maintenance guaranteed and in particular in conjunction with a central Heating supply makes use of special synergy effects.

These The object is achieved with a method and a device according to claims 1 and 9 and with a method and A device according to claims 21 and 22. Preferred embodiments are given in the respective dependent claims.

According to the invention according to claim 1 and 9 synergy effects between heating and hot water supply harnessed by the fact that domestic water is diverted from the heating supply and for heating of the transport to the water consumer by non-use cooling hot water serves. Alternatively or in addition may according to claim 21 and 22 and a hot keeping hot water between the delivery point of the hot water, on which a circulation line branches off and the hot water consumer take place in that the circulation line to at least partially Keep the hot water in this area warm. This is done a particularly efficient use of energy, even with existing concepts with the known application of a circulation line.

If in the context of the present invention of "heat coupling" the It is always possible to provide heat transfer meant between two media without their intermixing.

Advantageous the heating supply and the hot water preparation take place with help a central heat supply, in particular a local or district heating supply, because then no independent Heat supplies must be provided and thus further synergy effects can be used.

Also if the present invention also applies to single-family homes, So a single unit can be used to advantage, so It is preferable if the hot water central for several apartment units is generated and the transfer point is the delivery point for a residential unit. The multiple apartment units can be found both within a single house, as well as in several houses each with a flat unit, as well as in several houses each with several apartment units.

As well as with the circulation pipe, it is also for the service water pipe advantageous if the service water from the transfer point to to the hot water consumption location at least partially heat coupled with the hot water, because it increases energy efficiency continues to rise.

The Service water can be fed to the heating return However, it is preferred if it is supplied to the heating flow becomes. Thus, the hot water in the winter in the heating further cooled become. In summer it is possible that the service water even when switched off the heating pump against the Heizungsvor running direction flows and so at least one other consumer, for example one other apartment unit is fed to continue there to be cooled.

Prefers the hot water for heating at least one towel dryer and / or a floor heating and / or the like supplied. Then it is cooled down more deeply, which also reduces energy efficiency elevated.

expedient has the central hot water taken from the heating circuit Temperature of at least the centrally generated hot water temperature, the hot water temperature being at least 38 ° C, preferably ≥ 43 ° C, preferably ≥ 55 ° C, in particular ≤ or ≥ 60 ° C, and preferably for disinfection purposes ≥ 70 ° C.

The heat coupling of the service water with the hot water or the circulation water with the hot water is preferably carried out in that the service water pipe or circulation pipe coaxially guided in the hot water pipe is, wherein the hot water pipe is preferably thermally insulated, or that the hot water pipe and the hot water pipe or circulation line adjacent, in particular at least partially adjacent to each other are performed, hot water pipe and hot water pipe or circulation pipe are preferably performed in a common thermal insulation.

expedient is between transfer point and confluence of the Hot water pipe in the heating circuit a flow control intended to adjust the hot water temperature, in particular dependent on temperature and / or time of day can be controlled. This will allow the Service water flow regularly reduced or interrupted can be, if either by a current consumption of hot water no additional heating via the service water pipe is required or daytime conditionally no hot water needed becomes. The same principle can of course also for the circulation line can be used.

Prefers is to set the hot water temperature after the sampling point of the process water from the heating circuit a mixing point for the admixture of heating water from the heating return intended. In this way, the hot water temperature can be independent be set from the heating flow temperature.

Farther it is advantageous if after the transfer point a mixing point for the mixing of cold water to hot water for adjustment the hot water temperature to at least 38 ° C, preferably ≥ 43 ° C, in particular ≤ 55 ° C is provided.

to Billing is expedient in the hot water pipe after the transfer point a counter, in particular a heat meter provided. additionally or alternatively, in the heating circuit, a counter, in particular a coupled to heating flow and heating return Heat meter associated with a home unit is, be provided and / or in the circulation line between transfer point and confluence of the service water pipe in the heating circuit a counter, in particular a heat meter be provided. Corresponding counters can also be provided with respect to the circulation line.

Further Synergy effects between heating supply and hot water supply can be used if the heating company has at least one having first heat exchanger, in the process water is performed as a secondary medium, and the water heater has at least a second heat exchanger, conducted in the drinking water as a secondary medium is, wherein the primary medium of the first heat exchanger then the primary medium of the second heat exchanger can be fed. Then the primary medium is additionally added the hot water continued to cool, which is energetic is advantageous.

The Advantages of the present invention will be described below with reference to FIGS Description of preferred embodiments in connection clarified with the drawing. Showing:

1 a domestic connection station according to a first preferred embodiment of the invention,

2 a housing unit transfer station according to a first preferred embodiment of the invention,

3 a domestic connection station according to a second preferred embodiment of the invention,

4 a housing unit transfer station according to a third preferred embodiment of the invention,

5 a housing unit transfer station according to a fourth preferred embodiment of the invention and

6 a housing unit transfer station according to a fifth preferred embodiment of the invention.

In all figures are the same or the same reference numerals for uses the same or the same elements. The by abbreviations designated arrows from home connection stations and apartment unit transfer stations are connected with each other and the corresponding media flow in the direction of the arrow. Mark dashed lines Signal contacts.

In 1 and 2 are the home connection station (HAST) 1 and the Housing Unit Transfer Station (WÜST) 2 according to a first preferred embodiment of the invention shown purely schematically. The HAST 1 is connected to a district heating network via a district heating connection 3 connected, which has a primary flow PRVL and return PRRL, both by valves 4 . 5 can be shut off. In addition, a cold water connection KW is provided, which also by a valve 6 is centrally lockable. The district heating connection 3 is with a heating supplier 7 and a water heater 8th connected, whereby the Heizversorger 7 a first heat exchanger 9 includes and the water heater 8th two thirds in series 10 and second heat exchanger 11 , each for safety in particular as a double wall heat exchanger and / or may be formed with leakage monitoring device.

The primary side is the first heat exchanger 9 with the primary flow PRVL via a check valve 12 and a three-way valve 13 connected. Furthermore, a temperature-controlled control valve is in series 14 intended. The third heat exchanger 10 is on the primary side via the three-way valve 13 connected to the primary flow PRVL. The primary exit 15 of the third heat exchanger 10 is in series with the primary entrance 16 of the second heat exchanger 11 connected, with the primary input 16 of the second heat exchanger 11 also the primary exit 17 of the first heat exchanger 9 connected is. The primary exit 18 of the second heat exchanger 11 is connected to the primary return PRRL. For billing the district heating used is a counter 19 after the primary exit 18 provided in conjunction with temperature sensors 20 . 21 in the primary flow PRVL and return PRRL is designed as a heat meter.

For hot water supply, the cold water is KW, which is over the counter 22 is billable, in countercurrent secondary side first to the second 11 and then the third heat exchanger 10 fed. It is about the second heat exchanger 11 also in the heating supplier 7 primary preheat PRVL cooled district heating medium is used for preheating, whereby the district heating medium returned to the primary return PRRL is cooled down more deeply and thus a better energy yield is achieved. The central in the water heater 8th provided hot water temperature at the secondary outlet 23 of the third heat exchanger 10 is controlled by a temperature controlled 24 of the three-way valve 13 preferably set at 60 ° C. Optionally, an actual display of the hot water temperature via the temperature sensor 25 respectively. The prepared hot water WW is then made available to individual apartment units, wherein at a suitable location (not shown) one or more water pumps can be provided to increase the pressure.

The heating supplier 7 is connected to the heating circuit, at least consisting of the heating flow HZVL and return HZRL, with the heating return HZRL to the secondary input 26 of the first heat exchanger 9 connected is. In the first heat exchanger 9 is controlled by a temperature controlled 27 the re gelventils 14 a temperature of preferably greater than or equal to 60 ° C at the secondary outlet 28 set, which optionally by means of a temperature sensor 29 can be displayed as the actual value. Part of this high-temperature process water is supplied to the heating flow HZVL via the injection valve 30 supplied, wherein the injection quantity in dependence on the outside temperature and in the heating flow HZVL via the temperature sensor 31 determined temperature by means of, for example, a drive 32 is controllable. The heating circuit HZVL, HZRL is powered by a switchable pump 33 operated, with a bypass 34 a large amount of hot water is passed, which by means of a valve 35 is einregelbar, and only to maintain a certain heating flow temperature a smaller amount from the heating supplier 7 is supplied. In this way, a symmetrical heat exchanger design can be used.

Optionally, other alternative heat sources, for example, from solar, geothermal, or waste heat with or without additional heat pump can be connected to the heating circuit, for this purpose, one or more alternative heats aVL and returns aRL are provided. The fed temperature may be greater than, equal to or less than the temperature set in the heating flow f (t _a ). In the heating circuit HZVL, HZRL, aVL, aRL, corresponding valves are also provided for the central shut-off and, in addition to the actual value display, temperature sensors can optionally be provided 36 . 37 . 38 be used.

The first heat exchanger 9 On the secondary side, high-temperature process water is pumped 39 taken from that via a three-way valve 40 via a temperature-controlled control 41 Hot water from the heating return HZRL is admixed so that the centrally generated temperature of the service water Br is greater than or equal to the centrally generated hot water temperature, namely preferably at least 60 ° C. It can also be set to a higher temperature to compensate for any temperature losses during transport of the hot water WW to the consumer. The temperature of the centrally generated service water Br can optionally via a temperature sensor 42 displayed as the actual value. A check valve 43 Prevents the return of service water from the heating return HZRL in the heating flow HZVL.

Through the check valve 12 and the three-way valve 13 , both on the primary side with the first heat exchanger 9 are connected, the three-way valve 13 also on the primary side with the water heater 8th is connected, a hot water priority circuit is provided. This is the check valve 12 closed and the three-way valve 13 adjusted so that whenever the centrally generated temperature of the hot water WW does not reach the desired temperature (in the present example 60 ° C), the first heat exchanger 9 over the three-way valve 13 the primary side throttled or shut off and then the district heating medium from the primary flow PRVL preferred the water heater 8th is supplied. When the specific hot water temperature is reached, the warm becomes water Heater 8th on the primary side with respect to the primary flow PRVL via the three-way valve 13 throttled or shut off and instead the first heat exchanger 9 on the primary side again provided district heating medium. These short throttling or shutdowns of the Heizversorgers 7 However, they are not critical for room temperature within periods of up to approx. 20 minutes and increase the efficient use of district heating.

From the HAST 1 the centrally provided hot water WW and the centrally provided service water Br are heat coupled to the transfer point 44 led to an apartment unit (not shown), where they were from a DESERT 2 be taken over.

In addition to hot water WW and hot water Br the WÜST 2 still supplied cold water KW, the heating flow HZVL and the heating return HZRL. All connections are by means of valves 45 . 46 . 47 . 47 ' . 48 . 49 shut off. The cold water KW becomes too with shut-off valves 50 . 51 . 52 . 53 provided cold water consumers 54 . 55 . 56 . 57 guided. The hot water WW becomes hot water consumption 58 . 59 . 60 fed, which also with check valves 61 . 62 . 63 can be shut off. About a three-way valve 64 can be added to the hot water WW cold water KW, wherein to prevent the inflow of hot water into the cold water KW a check valve 65 is provided. The three-way valve 64 regulates the temperature control 66 the temperature of the hot water WW to a preset value, namely at least 38 ° C, preferably at ≥ 43 ° C, in particular in the range between ≥ 43 ° C and ≤ 55 ° C and is designed for example as an expansion valve. The actual temperature of the hot water at the consumption 58 . 59 . 60 is optional via the temperature sensor 67 displayable. The amounts of cold water and hot water used are via optional meters 68 . 69 readable, with the hot water meter 69 designed as a heat meter.

After the transfer point 44 becomes the service water pipe 70 with the hot water pipe 71 at least partially heat-coupled up to the hot water consumption 58 . 59 . 60 guided. This further compensates any heat losses. With the help of a valve 72 there is a flow control of the amount of hot water, the flow control by means of a temperature control 73 and / or by a (day) time dependent control 74 is regulated. The service water Br is provided by an optional heat meter 75 passed and then fed to the heating flow HZVL. Optionally, to display the actual temperature of the service water Br, a temperature sensor 76 be provided.

The heat meter 69 and 75 in the hot water pipe 71 and the service water pipe 70 can be provided together, but it does not have, because, for example, the amount of heat, the heat meter 75 the service water pipe 70 as cooling from 60 ° C to z. B. 43 ° C measures, at least partially the hot water pipe 71 which also flows with the heat meter 69 the hot water pipe 71 is measured.

The heating circuit is formed closed by the heating flow HZVL with the inputs 77 from consumers (not shown) and the outputs 78 this consumer (for example towel radiator, floor heating, radiators, etc.) are in turn connected to the heating return HZRL. The inputs 77 and outputs 78 are each through valves 79 . 80 shut off. The heating consumption is via a meter installed in the heating return HZRL 81 ascertainable, as a heat meter by means of temperature sensors 82 . 83 in the heating pre-HZVL and return HZRL is designed.

The advantages achieved by the invention are, in particular, that at a central location in a compact house transfer station 1 warm water WW in the flow principle prepares and via a pipe system 71 to every single consumer 58 . 59 . 60 is conducted, with the keeping warm of the hot water pipe 71 with a directly attached to this satellite tube 70 takes place under a common thermal insulation, which in turn is treated with hot water Br constant temperature of, for example, 60 ° C from the heating supplier. At the mouths of the tubular satellites near the point of consumption 58 . 59 . 60 then become decentralized control valves 72 installed, which allow the flow of hot water Br only with sufficient cooling. The emerging still hot, for example, 43 to 55 ° C hot water Br is preferably not introduced into the heating return HZRL, but rather in the heating flow HZVL and so in the winter in the heating and in the summer, for example, in a towel dryer or underfloor heating Bath continues to be cooled while the actual heating is out of service. If this is not welcome in the respective residential unit, the service water Br flows outside the heating period in the heating supply line against the normal direction of flow to another consumer or less often to the producer 7 back. This is especially possible when in summer the heating circulation pump 33 is out of order.

Compared with conventional central hot water systems with circulation line, the heat losses can be reduced by over 50%, it is in contrast to the usual circulation pump only half as large cheaper Water Pump 39 required. With each hot water tap, there is a standstill of the process water flow in the service water pipe 70 , It comes by the multi-stage cooling of the service water Br not to raise the return temperature. In this two-stage version of central hot water 8th with cooling of the primary return from the heating supply 7 is still possible further cooling of the primary-side return PRRL. For the process water according to the invention, it is sufficient to provide from the central local or district heating supply flow temperatures of 65 ° C maximum. These are sufficient year-round, if it should be in the apartment units to low temperature heating systems. In such a case, it would also be advantageous for the heating central alternative low-energy heat sources via the terminals aVL, aRL involve. The hot water preparation centrally in the flow as needed and the elimination of its circulation increase hygiene significantly. The connected load of each apartment is reduced to that of the heater. The technical effort is much lower due to the omission of the home stations. The central house connection stations 1 reduce the maintenance effort compared to decentralized solutions to a minimum. The maintenance can be done independently of the presence of the residents. The circulation of treated heating water as process water Br further reduces the maintenance effort compared with conventional systems with the circulation of fresh water. There is also the possibility of the effort for the domestic water circulation with at the end points of the satellite lines 70 integrated water or heat meters 75 individually to measure and settle. About additional timers 74 In case of breaks in use by the consumer, the hot water circulation can also be switched off individually and its energy consumption can thus be reduced.

The continuation of the tubular satellite 70 also in the residential unit via the transfer point 44 out in parallel with the hot water pipe 71 to the hot water consumption location 58 . 59 . 60 represents a further advantageous option. It is possible because it is circulated compared to conventional systems service water Br, namely heating water, and not drinking water, the consumption and temperature can be measured separately. It further enhances warm water comfort and hygiene and reduces water consumption.

Due to the heat-coupled guidance of hot water pipe 71 and service water pipe 70 is not only a warming of the hot water WW on the domestic hot water Br possible, but at standstill of the hot water circulation in the event that a hot water consumption, heating of the domestic water Br through the hot water WW can be done so that there is no delay in the hot water supply.

In the 3 to 6 Now advantageous modifications and refinements to this first embodiment of the invention after 1 and 2 shown, with new reference numerals are used only for new elements.

So shows 3 an alternative embodiment of the house connection station according to the invention as HAST 1' according to a second preferred embodiment of the invention. The only difference between this HAST 1' and the HAST 1 out 1 is that of the water heater 8th' in contrast to the water heater 8th out 1 a single second heat exchanger 10 ' has, as a heat exchanger 10 ' between at least three heat transfer media according to DE 100 075 74 A1 is designed, with this document with respect to the design of the heat exchanger 10 ' and its functioning is fully referenced.

The primary side is the heat exchanger 10 ' simultaneously with the primary flow PRVL of the district heating connection 3 and the primary output 17 of the heating supplier 7 connected. This can in particular costs and space required for the water heater 8th' reduce, as only a modified standard heat exchanger 10 ' is needed, instead of two heat exchangers 10 . 11 according to 1 ,

In 4 is a DESERT 2 ' according to a third preferred embodiment of the invention, which is essentially the DESERT 2 out 2 equivalent. However, alternative heat sources (for example solar energy, geothermal heat, etc.) are integrated into the heating circuit of the housing unit in that one or more alternative aVL 'and return flows aRL' are connected to the heating system HZVL or return HZRL. This decentralized feed is through corresponding check valves 84 . 85 shut off. In a decentralized feed of heat, the heat meter runs 81 in the heating return HZRL if necessary opposite and thus allows the measurement and billing of the decentralized infeed aVL ', aRL'. Alternatively, the decentralized feed could also be in the service water pipe 70 preferably with ≤ 60 ° C (not shown) with similar positive effects. It is thus possible, for example, to use decentralized existing roof or facade surfaces for the production of solar heat and, if not all heat can be used immediately in the respective residential unit, this without additional memory on the existing heating cables other consumers with higher consumption with unzu more directly or without decentralized feed-in. Also, if no direct consumption should exist, the decentralized heat is fed to a central heat storage and stored for a delayed later use.

In 5 is a DESERT 2 '' according to a fourth preferred embodiment of the invention, which is essentially the DESERT 2 out 2 equivalent. However, in this case, a separate heating flow HZVL was dispensed with, but the service water pipe 70 forms the actual heating flow. This is the service water pipe 70 according to the optional regionally heat-coupled guidance with the hot water pipe 71 up to the consumption 58 . 59 . 60 with the entrances 77 connected by heating consumers. Parallel to this is the service water pipe 70 Also connected to the heating return HZRL, being in this connector 86 again with the help of a valve 72 a flow control of the amount of hot water is carried out, wherein the flow control by means of a temperature control 73 and / or time-dependent control 74 is regulated. With this advantageous embodiment, the five-pipe system for HZVL, HZRL, KW, WW, Br is reduced to a four-pipe system for HZRL, KW, WW, Br and it can also be used on a heat meter 75 in the service water pipe 70 be waived because of the heat meter 81 sufficient, now with temperature sensors 83 . 87 in the heating return HZRL and the service water pipe 70 is gekop pelt. However, the domestic hot water temperature must then correspond to the minimum desired hot water temperature throughout the year, ie for example at least ≥ 43 ° C, which should be uncritical in most cases, since many heat consumers have their own additional control such as thermostatic valves. However, if this is disturbing for the heating, a static or room temperature-dependent individual temperature reduction by a mixture of Heizungsvorlauf- and heating return water, for example, by means of mixing pump or jet pump offers. Significantly higher Heizwasservorlauftemperaturen than 60 ° C are also possible, should for reasons of avoiding the calcification parallel to the service water 70 laid hot water pipe 71 however, be avoided as far as possible in this constellation.

In 6 after all, there is a DESERT 2 ''' according to a fifth preferred embodiment of the invention. The DESERT 2 ''' contrary to the WÜST 2 out 2 no service water pipe on, but a circulation pipe 88 coming from the hot water pipe 71 branches off and to control the same elements check valves 47 . 47 ' , Flow control 72 . 73 . 74 , Actual value temperature sensor 76 and heat meter 75 has, as the service water pipe 70 , That in the circulation line 88 Guided circulation water Zi is drinking water and is preferred after cooling by at least partially thermally coupled leadership with the hot water pipe 71 up to the consumption 58 . 59 . 60 led back to the hot water generator. The associated HAST (not shown) does not have to have a central domestic water heater in this case, but such a variant may also be included in the concept. Thus, the benefits of the solution according to the invention for conventional five-wire systems can be used. Thus, the water content that is not included in the circulation can be minimized, which reduces the water consumption and substantially increases the hygiene and comfort of the central hot water preparation or makes it possible in the first place. The circulation is controlled individually temperature and optionally also time-dependent, their heat consumption can be assigned to the respective apartment unit and billed.

The above-mentioned heat coupling takes place z. B. either by the fact that domestic water 70 or circulation line 88 coaxial in the hot water pipe 71 is guided, with the hot water pipe 71 preferably thermally insulated, or that the hot water pipe 71 and the service water pipe 70 or circulation line 88 adjacent, in particular at least partially lying adjacent to each other, wherein hot water pipe 71 and service water pipe 70 or circulation line 88 are preferably performed in a common thermal insulation (both variants are not shown).

The heat meter 19 . 69 . 75 . 81 in the primary return PRRL, in the hot water pipe 71 , in the service water pipe 70 and in the heating return HZRL are uniformly described as heat meter. However, only with the heat meters 19 . 81 in the primary return PRRL and in the heating return HZRL the respective temperature sensors 20 . 21 . 82 . 83 shown, the temperature difference from the respective flow and return, namely the Primärvor- PRVL and -rücklauf PRRL or Heizungsvor- HZVL and -rücklauf HZRL, take into account for the determination of the amount of heat consumed. The heat meter 69 . 75 in the hot water pipe 71 and in the service water pipe 70 each have a temperature sensor against the hot water pipe 71 or the service water pipe 70 If necessary, measure against the centrally set "constantly held" reference temperature of z. B. 60 ° C or against the average cold water temperature of z. B. 10 ° C. This not only measures the amount of water consumed but also the corresponding fluid temperature or heat quantity. Not consumed with 60 ° C warm Water WW then may not be fully paid as hot water WW.

Of course You can also centrally in the HAST the total required become circulating and / or heat quantities for the heating, and / or the water heating WW and / or the heating the domestic water Br disconnected with counters, in particular measured with heat meters (not shown) become.

Instead of or in addition to the decentralized time of day dependent controllers 74 Of course it is also possible to use the central circulating pump 39 and / or the control valve 40 equipped with such a time of day dependent control (both not shown).

Out From the above, it has become clear that with the present invention, the requirements of ecology, economics and Hygiene in the heating and / or hot water preparation centrally supplied Apartment units can be reconciled and a simple central hot water and / or heat supply system is provided, which has a heat supply and a hygienic water heating with a low consumption of Energy sources as low as possible exergy easy and reliably and with minimal maintenance.

PRVL

primary flow

pRRL

Primary return

HZVL

Heating flow

HZRL

Heating return

aVL

alternative Flow (alternative heat input, eg lower exergy)

aRL

alternative Return (alternative heat input, eg low exergy)

aVL '

alternative Flow (alternative heat input, eg lower exergy)

aRL '

alternative Return (alternative heat input, eg low exergy)

WWV

Hot water priority

f (t _a )

function from the outside temperature

t

Time

KW

cold water

WW

hot water

Zi

circulation

br

water

1

HAVE (House connection Station)

1'

HAVE

2

WÜST (Apartment units transfer station)

2 '

WÜST

2 ''

WÜST

2 '' '

WÜST

3

district heating

4

check valve

5

check valve

6

check valve

7

Heizversorger

8th

Boiler

8th'

Boiler

9

first Heat exchanger

10

second Heat exchanger

10 '

second Heat exchanger

11

third Heat exchanger

12

check valve

13

Three-way valve

14

temperature controlled control valve

15

primary side output

16

primary side entrance

17

primary side output

18

primary side output

19

Heat meters

20

temperature sensor

21

temperature sensor

22

counter

23

secondary side output

24

temperature controlled regulation

25

Temperature actual value

26

secondary side entrance

27

temperature controlled regulation

28

secondary side output

29

Temperature actual value

30

Injector

31

temperature sensor

32

drive

33

pump

34

bypass

35

throttle valve

36

Temperature actual value

37

Temperature actual value

38

Temperature actual value

39

pump

40

Three-way valve

41

temperature controlled regulation

42

Temperature actual value

43

Check valve

44

Transfer point

45

check valve

46

check valve

47

check valve

47 '

check valve

48

check valve

49

check valve

50

check valve

51

check valve

52

check valve

53

check valve

54

Cold water consumers

55

Cold water consumers

56

Cold water consumers

57

Cold water consumers

58

Hot water consumers

59

Hot water consumers

60

Hot water consumers

61

check valve

62

check valve

63

check valve

64

Three-way valve

65

Check valve

66

temperature control

67

Temperature actual value

68

counter

69

Heat meters

70

Water pipe

71

Hot water pipe

72

control valve

73

temperature control

74

Time dependent control

75

Heat meters

76

Temperature actual value

77

Heizverbrauchereingang

78

Heizverbraucherausgang

79

check valve

80

check valve

81

Heat meters

82

temperature sensor

83

temperature sensor

84

check valve

85

check valve

86

joint

87

temperature sensor

88

Circulation line.

QUOTES INCLUDE IN THE DESCRIPTION

This list The documents listed by the applicant have been automated generated and is solely for better information recorded by the reader. The list is not part of the German Patent or utility model application. The DPMA takes over no liability for any errors or omissions.

Cited patent literature

• - DE 10007574 A1 [0046]

Claims (25)

Process for the preparation of hot water, whereby a central heating supply ( 7 ) and hot water (WW) is prepared centrally, in particular in the flow, characterized in that at least in a service water pipe ( 70 ), hot water (WW) and warm service water (Br) are heat-coupled at least to a transfer point ( 44 ) and the service water (Br) is then fed to the heating circuit (HZVL). Method according to claim 1, characterized in that the heating supply ( 7 ) and the hot water preparation ( 8th ) by means of a central heat supply, in particular a local or district heating supply ( 3 PRVL, PRRL). A method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the hot water (WW) is generated centrally for several housing units and the transfer point of the transfer point ( 44 ) is for a residential unit. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the process water (Br) from the transfer point ( 44 ) to the hot water consumption location ( 58 . 59 . 60 ) at least partially thermally coupled with the hot water (WW) is performed. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the service water (Br) the heating flow (HZVL) is supplied. Method according to claim 5, characterized in that that the service water (Br) for heating at least one towel dryer and / or a floor heating and / or the like supplied becomes. Method according to one of claims 5 or 6, characterized in that the service water (Br) at least is supplied to another consumer. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the centrally removed from the heating circuit Service water (Br) a temperature of at least the centrally generated hot water temperature having a hot water temperature of at least 38 ° C, preferably ≥ 43 ° C, preferably ≥ 55 ° C, in particular ≤ or ≥ 60 ° C, and preferred for disinfection purposes ≥ 70 ° C. Contraption ( 1 . 2 ) for hot water preparation, in particular for hot water preparation according to the method of one of the preceding claims, with a central heating supplier ( 7 ) and a central water heater ( 8th ), the warm water (WW) in at least one hot water pipe ( 71 ) and in particular operates in the flow principle, characterized in that at least one service water pipe ( 70 ) is provided, the hot domestic water (Br) leads, which is taken centrally from the heating circuit, wherein the hot water pipe ( 71 ) with the service water pipe ( 70 ) at least until the transfer point ( 44 ) of the hot water (WW) is heat coupled and the service water ( 70 ) before or after the transfer point ( 44 ) opens into the heating circuit. Apparatus according to claim 9, characterized in that Heizversorger ( 7 ) and water heater ( 8th ) with a central heat supplier, in particular a local or district heating supplier ( 3 , PRVL, PRRL) are coupled. Apparatus according to claim 9 or 10, characterized in that a plurality of housing units are provided for the hot water (WW) is prepared centrally, and the transfer point of the transfer point ( 44 ) is for a residential unit. Device according to one of claims 9 to 11, characterized in that the hot water line ( 70 ) from the transfer point ( 44 ) to the hot water consumption place ( 58 . 59 . 60 ) at least partially with the hot water pipe ( 71 ) is heat coupled. Device according to one of claims 9 to 12, characterized in that the service water pipe coaxial is guided in the hot water pipe, with the hot water pipe preferably thermally insulated, or that the hot water pipe and the service water adjacent, in particular at least partially are laid side by side, with hot water pipe and hot water pipe preferably in a common thermal insulation are. Device according to one of claims 9 to 13, characterized in that the hot water line ( 70 ) into the heating supply line (HZVL) opens. Device according to one of claims 9 to 14, characterized in that between transfer point ( 44 ) and the mouth of the service water pipe ( 70 ) in the heating circuit (HZVL) a flow control ( 72 . 73 . 74 ) is provided for adjusting the hot water temperature, which can be controlled in particular temperature-dependent and / or time of day. Device according to one of claims 9 to 15, characterized in that for adjustment the hot water temperature after the removal point of the service water from the heating circuit a mixing point ( 40 ) is provided for the admixture of heating water from the heating return (HZRL). Device according to one of claims 9 to 16, characterized in that after the transfer point ( 44 ) a merge point ( 64 ) for the admixture of cold water (KW) to hot water (WW) to set the hot water temperature to at least 38 ° C, preferably ≥ 43 ° C, in particular in the range between ≥ 43 ° C and ≤ 55 ° C. Device according to one of claims 9 to 17, characterized in that in the hot water line ( 71 ) after the transfer point ( 44 ) a counter, in particular a heat meter ( 69 ) is provided. Device according to one of Claims 9 to 18, characterized in that a counter, in particular a heat meter ( 81 ), which is assigned to a housing unit, is provided and / or in the hot water line ( 70 ) between transfer point ( 44 ) and the mouth of the service water pipe ( 70 ) in the heating circuit a counter, in particular a heat meter ( 75 ) is provided. Device according to one of claims 9 to 19, characterized in that the heating supplier ( 7 ) at least one first heat exchanger ( 9 ), is run in the service water as a secondary medium, and the water heater ( 8th ) at least one second heat exchanger ( 11 ), is conducted in the drinking water as a secondary medium, wherein the primary medium of the first heat exchanger ( 9 ) then the primary medium of the second heat exchanger ( 11 ) can be fed. A process for hot water preparation, wherein hot water (WW) is prepared centrally, in particular in the flow, in particular according to the method of one of claims 1 to 8, wherein at least in a circulation line ( 88 ) drinking water is performed, characterized in that after a transfer point of the hot water (WW) to the hot water consumption place the drinking water of the circulation line ( 88 ) and the hot water (WW) at least partially heat coupled out. Apparatus for hot water preparation, in particular for hot water preparation according to the method of claim 21, with a central water heater, which feeds warm water into at least one hot water line and in particular operates in the flow principle, wherein the device is designed in particular as a device according to one of claims 9 to 20, wherein at least one circulation line at a transfer point ( 88 ) branches off from the hot water pipe, which is returned to the central water heater and warm drinking water leads, characterized in that after the transfer point of the hot water (WW) to the hot water use the circulation line ( 88 ) and the hot water pipe are guided at least partially thermally coupled. Device according to claim 22, characterized in that that the circulation line is guided coaxially in the hot water pipe is, with the hot water pipe preferably thermally insulated is, or that the hot water pipe and the circulation pipe adjacent, in particular at least partially adjacent to each other are guided, with hot water pipe and circulation pipe preferably guided in a common thermal insulation are. Device according to claim 22 or 23, characterized that after the transfer point a flow control for Adjustment of the circulation temperature is provided, in particular dependent on temperature and / or time of day can be controlled. Device according to one of claims 22 to 24, characterized in that after the transfer point in the hot water pipe a counter, in particular a heat meter and / or in the circulation line a counter, in particular a heat meter are provided.