DE102008025007A1 - Insulin analogs which comprise A chain and B chain with disulfide bonds for use in treatment of diabetes and for cartilage regeneration - Google Patents

Abstract

Insulin analogs (I) are new. Insulin analogs (I) comprising an A chain of formula (Ia) and a B chain of formula (Ib), with disulfide bonds between A-chain Cys 6>and A-chain Cys 11>, between A-chain Cys 7>and B-chain Cys 7>and between A-chain Cys 20>and B-chain Cys 19>, are new. A -1>A 0>A 1>Ile 2>Val 3>Glu 4>A 5>Cys 6>Cys 7>His 8>Ser 9>Ile 10>Cys 11>Ser 12>Leu 13>Tyr 14>A 15>Leu 16>Glu 17>A 18>Tyr 19>Cys 20>A 21>(Ia) B -1>B 0>B 1>Val 2>B 3>B 4>His 5>Leu 6>Cys 7>Gly 8>Ser 9>His 10>Leu 11>Val 12>Glu 13>Ala 14>Leu 15>Tyr 16>Leu 17>Val 18>Cys 19>Gly 20>Leu 21>Arg 22>Gly 23>Phe 24>Phe 25>Tyr 26>Thr 27>Pro 28>B 29>B 30>B 31>B 32>(Ib) A -1> : Lys, Arg or NH 2; A 0> : Lys, Arg or a bond; A 1> : Arg or Gly; A 5> : Asp, Glu or Gln; A 15> : Asp, Glu or Gln; A 18> : Asp, Glu or Asn; A 21> : Ala, Ser, Thr or Gly; B -1> : Asp, Glu or NH 2; B 0> : Asp, Glu or a bond; B 1> : Asp, Glu, Phe or a bond; B 3> : Asp, Glu or Asn; B 4> : Asp, Glu or Gln; B 29>= Arg, Lys, Phe, Ala, Thr, Ser, Val, Leu, Glu, Asp or a bond; B 30> : Thr or a bond; B 31> : Arg, Lys or a bond; B 32> : Arg-NH 2or Lys-NH 2; Independent claims are also included for: (1) producing (I) by producing a recombinant human insulin precursor, enzymatically processing the precursor to obtain two-chain insulin, and coupling this with arginamide in the presence of trypsin; (2) DNA coding for a precursor of (I) or for an A or B chain as above; (3) vector or host organism containing the DNA; (4) prepro insulin analog in which the C-peptide has N-terminal Arg and C-terminal Arg Arg, Arg Lys or Lys Arg Arg; (5) formulations comprising (I) in aqueous solution or in powder form or in suspension or comprising (I) and a chemical chaperone. ACTIVITY : Antidiabetic. MECHANISM OF ACTION : None given.

Description

The Invention relates to novel insulin analogues with basal time / activity profile, their manufacture and use.

about In recent years, the number of diabetes illnesses has increased almost epidemic. Due to the disease It can lead to a serious reduction in life expectancy come. People with diabetes need their body often administer insulin from the outside. It makes sense, the Optimize treatment with insulin. Meanwhile, there are different Insulins with specific pharmacological properties for treatment.

conveniently, the different insulins are differentiated according to their duration of action in short-acting insulins, fast-acting insulins, long-acting Insulins and mixed insulins. Synonym used for names long-acting insulins are delayed insulin, depot insulin or basal insulin. The active ingredients of many of these insulin preparations are so-called insulin analogs derived from human insulin are by substitution, deletion and / or addition of one or more Amino acids. The terms "insulin analogues" and "insulins" are used used synonymously here.

The concept of intensified insulin therapy seeks to reduce the health risk by aiming for a stable control of blood sugar levels by early administration of basal insulin. An example for a common basal insulin is the medicine Lantus ^® (active substance: insulin glargine = Gly (A21), Arg (B31), Arg (B32) human insulin). In general, it is important to minimize the number of hypoglycemic events in the development of new, improved basal insulins. An ideal basal insulin will certainly work in each patient for at least 24 hours. Ideally, the effect of insulin is delayed and with the shortest possible time / effect profile, so that the risk of short-term hypoglycaemia is clearly minimized and the application can even take place without prior intake of food. A good supply of basal insulin is given when the insulin effect persists as long as possible, ie the body is supplied with a constant amount of insulin. This minimizes the risk of hypoglycemic events and minimizes patient and tag-specific variability. The pharmacokinetic profile of an ideal basal insulin should therefore be characterized by a delayed onset of action and by a delayed, ie long-lasting and uniform effect.

however shows - despite the already achieved therapeutic benefits - none the delay insulins described so far the pharmacokinetic Properties of an ideal basal insulin. Wish-worth are Insulins that have such a flat and long lasting time / impact profile have that danger of hypoglycemic events and daily variance in the patient further minimized is and the duration of action is further delayed, so that under Circumstances no longer administered daily insulin must become. This would be a simplified treatment of Allow diabetics, especially older ones and needy diabetics who do not take insulin can inject more and therefore would be too of great economic benefit. In the early Phase 2 diabetes would also be such basal insulin useful. Clinicians report that in many people existing phobia before spraying makes her shy away from it to start on time with insulin therapy. As consequence results in a poor glycemic control, the diabetic Long-term consequences. A basal insulin containing the number reduced by syringes insulin doses could make patients more likely to accept insulin therapy.

Kohn et al. (Peptides 28 (2007) 935-948) describe that the optimization of the pharmacodynamics of insulin can be achieved by producing insulin analogs whose isoelectric point (p1) is added by addition of lysine or arginine to the B chain end or the N-terminus of the A and B chain in the direction of the alkaline region compared to the isoelectric point of human insulin (pI = 5.6), so that the solubility is reduced under physiological conditions and results in a prolonged time / activity profile. Compound 18 from Kohn et al. (Arg (A0), Gly (A21), Arg (B31), Arg (B32) human insulin (pI experimentally determined = 7.3, pI calculates = 7.58) is presented as the best compound in the concept Kohn and co-workers therefore see the goal of designing new insulin analogues in the addition of positively charged amino acids to the amino acid sequence of human insulin in order to increase the isoelectric point of pI = 5.6 to the neutral region.

• • das B-Kettenende aus einem amidierten basischen Aminosäurerest wie Lysin bzw. Argininamid besteht, und
• • die Aminosäureposition A8 durch einen Histidinrest besetzt wird, und
• • die Aminosäureposition A21 durch einen Glycinrest, Alaninrest, Serinrest oder Threoninrest besetzt wird, und
• • nicht mehr als ein Aminosäurerest der Gruppe enthaltend A5, A15, A18, 8-1, B0, B1, B2, B3 und B4 Asp oder Glu entspricht.

However, it has now surprisingly been found that such insulin analogues lead to the described desirable basal time / activity profile characterized by the features that

• • the B-chain end consists of an amidated basic amino acid residue such as lysine or argininamide, and
• • the amino acid position A8 is occupied by a histidine residue, and
• The amino acid position A21 is occupied by a glycine residue, alanine residue, serine residue or threonine residue, and
• • not more than one amino acid residue of the group containing A5, A15, A18, 8-1, B0, B1, B2, B3 and B4 is Asp or Glu.

Surprisingly, it is precisely the insulin analogues described which have the desired advantageous time / activity profiles which are close to the ideal, ie a delayed, flat action and a longer duration of action. This significantly minimizes the risk of hypoglycemic events. The delay is so pronounced that the effect can surprisingly be detected even in model experiments on rats, although in contrast the delayed effect of insulin glargine in the rat is not clearly observable. In 1 is the hypoglycemic effect of the compound of the invention YKL202 compared with that of insulin glargine shown. Similar results are obtained in the dog. This new basal insulins have been provided, which must be applied significantly less frequently. In addition to these described pharmacokinetic advantages, the analogues according to the invention have better pharmacological properties than insulin glargine. In addition, the claimed insulins also show advantages in terms of physicochemical properties.

wobei
A-1 Lys, Arg oder einer Aminogruppe;
A0 Lys, Arg oder einer chemischen Bindung;
A1 Arg oder Gly;
A5 Asp, Glu oder Gln;
A15 Asp, Glu oder Gln;
A18 Asp, Glu oder Asn;
A21 Ala, Ser, Thr oder Gly;
B-1 Asp, Glu oder eine Aminogruppe;
B0 Asp, Glu oder eine chemische Bindung;
B1 Asp, Glu, Phe oder eine chemische Bindung;
B3 Asp, Glu oder Asn;
B4 Asp, Glu oder Gin;
B29 Arg, Lys oder einer Aminosäure ausgewählt aus einer Gruppe enthaltend die Aminosäuren Phe, Ala, Thr, Ser, Val, Leu, Glu oder Asp, oder einer chemischen Bindung;
B30 Thr oder einer chemischen Bindung;
B31 Arg, Lys oder einer chemischen Bindung;
B32 Arg-Amid oder Lys-Amid
entspricht, wobei nicht mehr als ein Aminosäurerest der Gruppe enthaltend A5, A15, A18, B-1, B0, B1, B2, B3 und B4 Asp oder Glu entspricht, das gewünschte pharmakologische Profil, d. h. einen verzögerten Wirkeintritt und durch eine länger anhaltende und gleichmäßige Wirkung, haben. Diese Insulinanaloga sind daher Gegenstand der Erfindung.It has now surprisingly been found that insulin analogues of the formula I

in which
A-1 Lys, Arg or an amino group;
A0 Lys, Arg or a chemical bond;
A1 Arg or Gly;
A5 Asp, Glu or Gln;
A15 Asp, Glu or Gln;
A18 Asp, Glu or Asn;
A21 Ala, Ser, Thr or Gly;
B-1 Asp, Glu or an amino group;
B0 Asp, Glu or a chemical bond;
B1 Asp, Glu, Phe or a chemical bond;
B3 Asp, Glu or Asn;
B4 Asp, Glu or Gin;
B29 Arg, Lys or an amino acid selected from a group containing the amino acids Phe, Ala, Thr, Ser, Val, Leu, Glu or Asp, or a chemical bond;
B30 Thr or a chemical bond;
B31 Arg, Lys or a chemical bond;
B32 Arg amide or Lys amide
wherein no more than one amino acid residue of the group containing A5, A15, A18, B-1, B0, B1, B2, B3 and B4 corresponds to Asp or Glu, the desired pharmacological profile, ie a delayed onset of action and a longer lasting and uniform effect, have. These insulin analogs are therefore the subject of the invention.

One Another object of the invention is an insulin analogue as above described, wherein an amino acid residue of the group containing A5, A15, A18, B-1, B0, B1, B2, B3 and B4 are Asp or Glu.

One Another object of the invention is an insulin analogue as above A-1 Arg, A0 Arg, A5 Glu, A15 Glu, A18 Asp, A8 His, A21 Gly, B0 Glu, B3 Asp, B4 Glu, B30 Arg or B30 Lys.

Another object of the invention is an insulin analogue as described above, wherein this is selected from a group containing
Arg (A-1), Arg (A0), Glu (A5), His (A8), Gly (A21), Arg (B30) -NH ₂ human insulin,
Arg (A-1), Arg (A0), Glu (A5), His (A8), Gly (A21), Lys (B30) -NH ₂ human insulin,
Arg (A-1), Arg (A0), Glu (A15), His (A8), Gly (A21), Arg (B30) -NH ₂ human insulin,
Arg (A-1), Arg (A0), Glu (A15), His (A8), Gly (A21), Lys (B30) -NH ₂ human insulin,
Arg (A-1), Arg (A0), Asp (A18), His (A8), Gly (A21), Arg (B30) -NH ₂ human insulin,
Arg (A-1), Arg (A0), Asp (A18), His (A8), Gly (A21), Arg (B30) -NH ₂ human insulin,
Arg (A-1), Arg (A0), His (A8), Gly (A21), Glu (B0), Arg (B30) -NH ₂ human insulin,
Arg (A-1), Arg (A0), His (A8), Gly (A21), Glu (B0), Lys (B30) -NH ₂ human insulin,
Arg (A-1), Arg (A0), His (A8), Gly (A21), Asp (B3), Arg (B30) -NH ₂ human insulin,
Arg (A-1), Arg (A0), His (A8), Gly (A21), Asp (B3), Lys (B30) -NH ₂ human insulin,
Arg (A-1), Arg (A0), His (A8), Gly (A21), Glu (B4), Arg (B30) -NH ₂ human insulin,
Arg (A-1), Arg (A0), His (A8), Gly (A21), Glu (B4), Lys (B30) -NH ₂ human insulin,
Arg (A0), His (A8), Gly (A21), Arg (B31), Arg (B32) -NH ₂ human insulin,
Arg (A0), His (A8), Gly (A21), Arg (B31), Lys (B32) -NH ₂ human insulin,
Arg (A0), Glu (A5), His (A8), Gly (A21), Arg (B31), Arg (B32) -NH ₂ human insulin,
Arg (A0), Glu (A5), His (A8), Gly (A21), Arg (B31), Lys (B32) -NH ₂ human insulin,
Arg (A0), Asp (A18), His (A8), Gly (A21), Arg (B31), Arg (B32) -NH ₂ human insulin,
Arg (A0), Asp (A18), His (A8), Gly (A21), Arg (B31), Lys (B32) -NH ₂ human insulin,
Arg (A0), Glu (A15), His (A8), Gly (A21), Arg (B31), Arg (B32) -NH ₂ human insulin,
Arg (A0), Glu (A15), His (A8), Gly (A21), Arg (B31), Lys (B32) -NH ₂ human insulin,
Arg (A0), His (A8), Gly (A21), Asp (B3), Arg (B31), Arg (B32) -NH ₂ human insulin,
Arg (A0), His (A8), Gly (A21), Asp (B3), Arg (B31), Lys (B32) -NH ₂ human insulin,
Arg (A0), His (A8), Gly (A21), Glu (B4), Arg (B31), Arg (B32) -NH ₂ human insulin,
Arg (A0), His (A8), Gly (A21), Glu (B4), Arg (B31), Lys (B32) -NH ₂ human insulin,
Arg (A0), His (A8), Gly (A21), Glu (B0), Arg (B31), Arg (B32) -NH ₂ human insulin,
Arg (A0), His (A8), Gly (A21), Glu (B0), Arg (B31), Lys (B32) -NH ₂ human insulin,
Arg (A0), His (A8), Gly (A21), Arg (B30) -NH ₂ human insulin,
Arg (A0), His (A8), Gly (A21), Lys (B30) -NH ₂ human insulin,
Arg (A-1), Arg (A0), His (A8), Gly (A21), Arg (B30) -NH ₂ human insulin,
Arg (A-1), Arg (A0), His (A8), Gly (A21), Lys (B30) -NH ₂ human insulin,
Arg (A0), Arg (A1), His (A8), Gly (A21), Arg (B30) -NH ₂ human insulin,
Arg (A0), Arg (A1), His (A8), Gly (A21), Lys (B30) -NH ₂ human insulin,
His (A8), Gly (A21), Arg (B31), Arg _(B32-NH2 human insulin.

By the indication of the term "human insulin" in the Designations of said insulin analogs will refer to the amino acid sequences taken from the A and B chain of human insulin and all deviations (Additions, substitutions, deletions) are in a given Designation of an insulin analogue indicated.

One Another object of the invention is a process for the preparation an insulin analogue as described above, wherein a precursor of the insulin analog human insulin is produced recombinantly Precursors are enzmatically processed into two-chain insulin and a coupling with arginine amide in the presence of an enzyme is performed with trypsin activity, and that Insulin analog is isolated.

One Another object of the invention is the use of an insulin analog as described above, for the manufacture of a medicament for treatment of diabetes mellitus, especially diabetes mellitus type I or type II.

One Another object of the invention is a medicament containing an insulin analog as described above.

One Another object of the invention is a medicament containing an insulin analogue as described above which is therapeutic for knob regeneration is used.

One Another object of the invention is a medicament containing an insulin analogue as described above that is therapeutically supportive beta cell regeneration is used.

One Another object of the invention is a formulation of the insulin analog as described above, wherein the formulation is in aqueous Form containing the dissolved insulin analog is present.

One Another object of the invention is a formulation of the insulin analog as described above, wherein the formulation is in the form of powder is present, in particular in crystalline and / or amorphous form.

One Another object of the invention is a formulation of the insulin analog as described above, wherein the formulation is in the form of a suspension is present.

One Another object of the invention is a formulation of the insulin analog as described above, wherein the formulation additionally contains a chemical chaperone.

One Another object of the invention is a DNA coding for a precursor of an insulin analog as described above.

One Another object of the invention is a DNA coding for the A chain of an insulin analog as described above.

One Another object of the invention is a DNA coding for the B chain of an insulin analog as described above.

One Another object of the invention is a vector containing a DNA as described above.

One Another object of the invention is a host organism containing a DNA as described above or a vector as described above.

One further subject of the invention is a preproinsulin analog, characterized in that the C-peptide at its N-terminus the Carries amino acid residue arginine and its C-terminus characterized by the form Arg Arg, Arg Lys or Lys Arg Arg is.

One Another object of the invention is a formulation as above described, in addition to a glucagon-like Peptide-1 (GLP1) or an analog or derivative thereof, or exendin-3 or -4 or an analog or derivative thereof, preferably exendin-4 is included.

Another object of the invention is a formulation as described above, wherein an analog of exendin-4 is selected from a group containing
H-DESpro ³⁶ -Exendin-4-Lys ₆ -NH _2,
H-des (Pro ^36,37) -Exendin-4-Lys ₄ -NH _2, and
H-des (Pro ^36,37) -Exendin-4-Lys ₅ -NH _2,
or a pharmacologically tolerable salt thereof.

Another object of the invention is a formulation as described above, wherein an analog of exendin-4 is selected from a group containing
desPro ³⁶ [Asp ²⁸ ] exendin-4 (1-39),
desPro ³⁶ [IsoAsp ²⁸ ] exendin-4 (1-39),
DESpro ³⁶ [Met (O) ^14, Asp ^28] Exendin-4 (1-39),
desPro ³⁶ [Met (O) ¹⁴ , IsoAsp ²⁸ ] Exendin-4 (1-39),
desPro ³⁶ [Trp (O ₂ ) ²⁵ , Asp ²⁸ ] Exendin-2 (1-39),
desPro ³⁶ [Trp (O ₂ ) ²⁵ , IsoAsp ²⁸ ] Exendin-2 (1-39),
desPro ³⁶ [Met (O) ¹⁴ Trp (O ₂ ) ²⁵ , Asp ²⁸ ] Exendin-4 (1-39) and
desPro ³⁶ [Met (O) ¹⁴ Trp (O ₂ ) ²⁵ , IsoAsp ²⁸ ] Exendin-4 (1-39),
or a pharmacologically tolerable salt thereof.

Another object of the invention is a formulation as described in the previous paragraph, in which to the C-termini of the analogs of exendin-4, the peptide Lys ₆ -NH _{2 is} added.

Another object of the invention is a formulation as described above, in which an Ana The logon of exendin-4 is selected from a group containing
H- (Lys) ₆ -desPro ³⁶ [Asp ²⁸ ] Exendin-4 (1-39) -Lys ₆ -NH ₂
desAsp ²⁸ Pro ³⁶ , Pro ³⁷ , Pro ₃₈ exendin-4 (1-39) -NH ₂ ,
H- (Lys) ₆ -desPro ^36, Pro ^37, Pro ³⁸ [Asp ^28] Exendin-4 (1-39) -NH _2,
H-Asn- (Glu) ₅ desPro ³⁶ , Pro ³⁷ , Pro ³⁸ [Asp ²⁸ ] Exendin-4 (1-39) -NH ₂ ,
DESpro ^36, Pro ^37, Pro ³⁸ [Asp ^28] Exendin-4 (1-39) - (Lys) ₆ -NH _2,
H- (Lys) ₆ -desPro ³⁶ , Pro ³⁷ , Pro ³⁸ [Asp ²⁸ ] Exendin-4 (1-39) - (Lys) ₆ -NH ₂ ,
H-Asn- (Glu) ₅ -desPro ³⁶ , Pro ³⁷ , Pro ³⁸ [Asp ²⁸ ] Exendin-4 (1-39) - (Lys) ₆ -NH ₂ ,
H- (Lys) ₆ -desPro ³⁶ [Trp (O ₂ ) ²⁵ , Asp ²⁸ ] Exendin-4 (1-39) -Lys ₆ -NH ₂ ,
H-des Asp ²⁸ Pro ³⁶ , Pro ³⁷ , Pro ³⁸ [Trp (O ₂ ) ²⁵ ] Exendin-4 (1-39) -NH ₂ ,
H- (Lys) ₆ -desPro ³⁶ , Pro ³⁷ , Pro ³⁸ [Trp (O ₂ ) ²⁵ , Asp ²⁸ ] Exendin-4 (1-39) -NH ₂ ,
H-Asn- (Glu) ₅ -desPro ³⁶ , Pro ³⁷ , Pro ³⁸ [Trp (O ₂ ) ²⁵ , Asp ²⁸ ] Exendin-4 (1-39) -NH ₂ ,
desPro ³⁶ , Pro ³⁷ , Pro ³⁸ [Trp (O ₂ ) ²⁵ , Asp ²⁸ ] Exendin-4 (1-39) - (Lys) ₆ -NH ₂ ,
H- (Lys) ₆ -desPro ^36, Pro ^37, Pro ³⁸ [Trp _(O2) ^25, Asp ^28] Exendin-4 (1-39) - (Lys) ₆ -NH _2,
H-Asn- (Glu) ₅ -desPro ³⁶ , Pro ³⁷ , Pro ³⁸ [Trp (O ₂ ) ²⁵ , Asp ²⁸ ] Exendin-4 (1-39) - (Lys) ₆ -NH ₂ ,
H- (Lys) ₆ -desPro ³⁶ [Met (O) ^14, Asp ^28] Exendin-4 (1-39) -Lys ₆ -NH _2,
DeSmet (O) ¹⁴ Asp ²⁸ Pro ^36, Pro ^37, Pro ³⁸ exendin-4 (1-39) -NH _2,
H- (Lys) ₆ -desPro ³⁶ , Pro ³⁷ , Pro ³⁸ [Met (O) ¹⁴ , Asp ²⁸ ] Exendin-4 (1-39) -NH ₂ ,
H-Asn- (Glu) ₅ -desPro ³⁶ , Pro ³⁷ Pro ³⁸ [Met (O) ¹⁴ , Asp ²⁸ ] Exendin-4 (1-39) -NH ₂ ,
desPro ³⁶ , Pro ³⁷ , Pro ³⁸ [Met (O) ¹⁴ , Asp ²⁸ ] Exendin-4 (1-39) - (Lys) ₆ -NH ₂ ,
H- (Lys) ₆ -desPro ³⁶ , Pro ³⁷ , Pro ³⁸ [Met (O) ¹⁴ , Asp ²⁸ ] Exendin-4 (1-39) -Lys ₆ -NH ₂ ,
H-Asn- (Glu) ₅ desPro ³⁶ , Pro ³⁷ , Pro ³⁸ [Met (O) ¹⁴ , Asp ²⁸ ] Exendin-4 (1-39) - (Lys) ₆ -NH ₂ ,
H- (Lys) ₆ -desPro ³⁶ [Met (O) ¹⁴ , Trp (O ₂ ) ²⁵ , Asp ²⁸ ] Exendin-4 (1-39) -Lys ₆ -NH ₂ ,
desAsp ²⁸ Pro ^36, Pro ^37, Pro ³⁸ [Met (O) ^14, Trp _(O2) ^25] Exendin-4 (1-39) -NH _2,
H- (Lys) ₆ -desPro ³⁶ Pro ³⁷ , Pro ³⁸ [Met (O) ¹⁴ , Trp (O ₂ ) ²⁵ , Asp ²⁸ ] Exendin-4 (1-39) -NH ₂ ,
H-Asn- (Glu) ₅ -desPro ^36, Pro ^37, Pro ³⁸ [Met (O) ^14, Asp ^28] Exendin-4 (1-39) -NH _2,
desPro ³⁶ , Pro ³⁷ , Pro ³⁸ [Met (O) ¹⁴ , Trp (O ₂ ) ²⁵ , Asp ²⁸ ] Exendin-4 (1-39) - (Lys) ₆ -NH ₂ ,
H- (Lys) ₆ -desPro ³⁶ Pro ³⁷ , Pro ³⁸ [Met (O) ¹⁴ , Trp (O ₂ ) ²⁵ , Asp ²⁸ ] Exendin-4 (1-39) - (Lys) ₆ -NH ₂ ,
H-Asn- (Glu) _5- desPro ³⁶ , Pro ³⁷ , Pro ³⁸ [Met (O) ¹⁴ , Trp (O ₂ ) ²⁵ , Asp ²⁸ ] Exendin-4 (1-39) - (Lys) ₆ -NH ₂ .
or a pharmacologically tolerable salt thereof.

Another object of the invention is a formulation as described above, in which in addition Arg ³⁴ , Lys ²⁶ (N ^ε (γ-glutamyl (N ^α -hexadecanoyl))) GLP-1 (7-37) [liraglutide] or a pharmacologically tolerable Salt thereof is included.

the It is clear to a person skilled in the art that the invention Insulins may be the subject of a pharmaceutical formulation, which has an advantageous effect after application. It goes from aqueous Solutions out. Accordingly, further components need be miscible. The danger of viral animal contamination is minimized by the fact that the preparation contains no components should come from animal sources. It is also advantageous by adding preservatives a microbial contamination to prevent. The addition of isotonic agents can be a possible negative impact of the formulation on the physiology of tissue cells be compensated at the application site. Stabilizing can the addition of protamine affect, so that one is largely salt-free Insulin preparation can be obtained by taking the formulation protamine inflicts. The addition of a phenolic component may be too a stabilization of the structure of the insulin analog used lead and so among other things the delaying effect additionally effect at the onset of action. The formulation can also be added substances that affect the spatial structure the delay insulins according to the invention stabilize and lead to better thermal stability. Such chemical chaperones can z. B. short synthetic Peptides that may also contain amino acid analogs or z. B. derived from the C-peptide of insulin peptide sequences.

to Development of depot forms, the inventive Insulins are incorporated into nanoparticles. Also conceivable are so-called "Slow Release "Formulations in which the delay insulin invention is reversibly bound to polymeric carrier present.

The insulins of the invention may parallel to fast-acting insulins such as Apidra ^®, NovoRapid ^®, Humalog ^® or under development insulin derivatives or formulations with a corresponding time / action profile or inhalable insulin or nasally or orally administered insulin, which are in development, are administered. It is clear to the person skilled in the art that correspondingly formulated mixtures of fast-acting and inventive delay insulin are used for this purpose can. Furthermore, the insulin analogs according to the invention can be used in pharmaceutical preparations which contain peptides which are described by activity comparable to GLP-1 (glucagon-like peptide-1) or exendin-4 or exendin-3. Examples of such peptides are GLP-1 (7-37), Exenatide (Byetta ^®) or peptides, their preparation in patent applications WO 2006/058620 . WO 2001/04156 . WO 2004/005342 and WO 98/08871 Particularly advantageous are formulations containing a depot formulation of these peptides. Particularly advantageous in the initial phase of the type II diabetes disease are forms of therapy which, in parallel with the administration of the pharmaceuticals according to the invention, provide for increasing the insulin action, such as, for example, Metformin. Combination therapies with dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors, which increase the level of incretins, are also possible, as are combinations with sulfonylureas, which increase insulin secretion in the pancreas. The delay insulins according to the invention can be used particularly advantageously if the regeneration of beta cells from corresponding stem cells is initiated by the application of differentiation factors. All of these applications are exemplary for the therapy of diabetes called and also subject of the invention. Another object of the invention is thus the use of insulins according to the invention in combination with other drugs for the treatment of diabetes, especially diabetes type I or type II diabetes.

Another Subject of the invention is also a use of the invention Insulins at Regenerationspozessen that the skeleton, such. B. the Cartilage regeneration, affect. With this use it depends controlling the mitogenic potential of insulins, without causing a strong metabolic reaction.

One Another object of the invention is a medicament, the Contains inventive analog, which in particular an aqueous formulation or a powder represents.

The Medicament is a pharmaceutical preparation which is preferably is a solution or suspension for injection purposes; she is characterized by a content of at least one inventive Insulin analog, and / or at least one of its physiological compatible salts in dissolved, amorphous and / or crystalline - preferably in dissolved form.

The preparation preferably has a pH between about 2.5 and 8.5, more preferably between about 4.0 and 8.5, contains a suitable isotonizing agent, a suitable preservative and optionally a suitable buffer, and preferably also a certain zinc Ion concentration, in sterile aqueous solution. The entirety of the preparation components except the active ingredient forms the preparation carrier. Suitable isotonizing agents are, for. As glycerol, glucose, mannitol, NaCl, calcium or magnesium compounds such as CaCl _2, etc. By selecting the isotonizing agent and / or preservative to influence the solubility of the insulins of the invention or their physiologically acceptable salts at low acid pH.

suitable Preservatives are z. Phenol, m-cresol, benzyl alcohol and / or p-hydroxybenzoic acid esters.

When Buffer substances, in particular for adjusting a pH between about 4.0 and 8.5 can z. Sodium acetate, sodium citrate, Sodium phosphate etc. can be used. Otherwise are to hiring the pH value is also physiologically harmless diluted Acids (typically HCl) or alkalis (typically NaOH).

If the preparation has a zinc content is one of 1 μg / ml to 2 mg / ml, in particular from 5 μg to 200 μg Zinc / ml preferred.

For the purpose of Variation of the drug profile of the invention Preparation may also include unmodified insulin, preferably bovine, Pig or human insulin, especially human insulin, or insulin analogs and derivatives thereof are mixed. Likewise one or more exendin-4 derivatives or peptides produced by a comparable activity to GLP-1 (glucagon like peptide-1) are characterized, mixed. Such medicines (preparations) are also the subject of the invention.

preferred Drug concentrations are those corresponding to about 1-1500, more preferably about 5-1000 and especially about 40-400 international units / ml.

The insulin analogs of the invention are first as a precursor, which is not yet the amide biotechnologically produced. It is well known to those skilled in the art that there are a variety of ways to make insulins. The host cell systems used are bacteria, yeasts and higher plants or plant cells to be cultivated by fermentation. If cost considerations allow it, expression systems using animal cells as a host system are also conceivable. However, this requires a safe freedom from animal viruses. Thus, it is clear that the expression systems described by way of example represent only a small portion of the host / vector systems developed for the recombinant production of proteins. In the application z. B. biotechnological process, the yeast or plant systems such as mosses, algae or higher plants such as tobacco, pea, thistle, barley, corn or oilseed rape have not been described. Nevertheless, host / vector systems as well as coding DNA sequences which allow the preparation of the target peptides in corresponding biotechnological expression systems are also part of the invention. In particular, host organisms can be selected from the plant kingdom of organisms of the first division Schizophyta containing Schizomcetes, bacteria or blue-green algae, organisms of the 2nd Division Phycophyta V. class Chlorophyceae, organisms of the 2nd Division Phycophyta VII. Class Rhodophyceae, organisms of the 3rd Division Mycophyta , Organisms of the 5th division Bryophyta and organisms of the 7th division Spermatophyta.

In the European patent application EP-A 1 222 207 there is described a plasmid pINT358d which encodes a pre-proinsulin comprising an altered C-peptide. With the aid of the polymerase chain reaction (PCR), it is now possible to specifically modify the proinsulin-encoding sequence so that pre-proinsulin can be expressed, which can serve as precursors for the insulin according to the invention. Corresponding fusion proteins do not necessarily have to be produced intracellularly. It is clear to the person skilled in the art that such proteins can also be produced by bacterial expression with subsequent secretion into the periplasm and / or into the culture supernatant. The European patent application EP-A 1 364 029 describes this by way of example. The proinsulin precursors which lead to the analogs according to the invention are likewise provided by the invention.

The Proinsulins prepared in this way can in principle become one Be converted to insulin analogue precursor, which is in position A0 lysine or arginine and at the C-terminal end of the B chain lysine or arginine. Alternatively, a positively charged Amino acid semisynthetic to the N-terminus of the A chain can be added if lysine or arginine are not already present.

Lie the inventive prodsulins after intracellular Expression in bacteria as inclusion bodies or soluble Before, these precursors must be in vitro folded into the proper conformation will be folded before the processing and biochemical modification can be made. It allows the fusion protein described a direct folding after denaturation by means of urea or guanidinium hydrochloride, folding intermediates are also the subject of the invention.

to Enrichment of the individual intermediates find biochemical methods In particular separation method use, its underlying Principles published and even subject of textbooks are. It will be clear to those skilled in the art that such principles combine in sequence be able to lead to proceedings, which were not published in their sequence before. Procedure that lead to the purification of the analogs of the invention are thus also the subject of the invention.

One Another object of the invention is a process for the preparation the insulin analogs according to the invention, wherein a Precursors of the insulin analog prepared recombinantly and enzymatically converted to a 2-chain insulin precursor which is N-terminal to amino acid 1 of the A-chain arginine Lysine carries and at the C-terminal end of the B-chain one Lysine or Argininrest having argininamide or lysinamide in the presence of an enzyme having trypsin activity in the amide and thus converted into the delay insulin according to the invention and highly purified by a biochemical purification process is pictured.

proteins, which by substitution of at least one course occurring amino acid residue with other amino acid residues and / or addition and / or removal of at least one amino acid residue from the corresponding, otherwise same naturally occurring Distinguish protein are called "analogues" of Called proteins. It may be with the added and / or substitute amino acid residues for those as well, that do not happen naturally.

proteins, which by chemical modification of certain amino acid residues of starting proteins are referred to as "derivatives" of Proteins. The chemical modification may, for. In addition one or more particular chemical groups to one or more Amino acids exist.

Figure legend:

1 : Hypoglycemic effect of insulin analogues according to the invention in rats

The The following examples are intended to illustrate the concept of the invention. without being limiting.

Example 1: Preparation of the Vector Derivative pINT3580, that for Gly (A21) -insulin and a modified C-peptide, which carries at the C / A chain boundary Arg Arg, encodes.

The European patent application EP-A 1 222 207 describes the plasmids pINT358d, pINT91d and the primer sequence Tir. DNA of these products is used in the construction of the plasmid pINT3580. The plasmid pINT358d is characterized by a gene sequence which codes for a modified C-peptide with special properties. Three primer sequences are synthesized:

This After working up, primer is used in position 21 of the A chain of the Proinsulin Sequence Glycine Encoded by pINT358d (in bold, underlined) instead of asparagine.

This Primer, like the primer arg_cjunc_rev, is for introduction of arginine instead of lysine at the insulin A / B chain boundary.

The codon for the arginine to be introduced is bold in both primers. With DNA of the plasmid pINT358d as template, the primer pairs Tir / arg_cjunc_rev and arg_cjuncf / pint3580_glya21rev corresponding to the European patent application EP-A 1 222 207 each carried out a PCR. Aliquots of the products of both reactions are combined and used together with the primer pair Tir / pint3580_glya21rev in a third PCR. The product of this reaction is purified by gel electrophoretic separation of the reaction mixture and digested with the restriction enzymes Sal1 / Nco1 according to the manufacturer in one and the same reaction, the reaction mixture gelelektrophoretisch separated and isolated the proinsulin sequence encoding DNA fragment. The fragment is then inserted via a DNA ligase reaction into the Nco1 / Sal1 opened pINT91d vector DNA.

With The ligation mixture is transformed into competent E. coli bacterial cells. The transformation mixture is added to selection plates containing 25 mg / l Contain ampicillin, plated. Plasmid DNA is made from colonies isolated and characterized by DNA sequence analysis. right one Plasmids are designated pINT3580.

Example 2: Construction of the plasmid pINT3581 encoding His (A8), Gly (A21) prepro insulin

The construction is carried out as described in Example 1 via 3 polymerase chain reactions. The product of the third reaction is inserted after Nco1 / Sal1 digestion into the Nco1 / Sal1 opened pINT91d vector DNA. The primers Tir and pint3580_glya21rev are used. Two more primers are synthesized:

The Codon coding for histidine in position 8 of the A chain is highlighted in bold. The construction will be like in the example 1 described performed. Template for PCR1 and 2 is DNA of the plasmid pINT3580. PCR1 is done with the primer pair Tir / pint3580_Ha8rev and PCR2 with the primer pair pint3580_Ha8f / pint3580_glya21rev carried out. In PCR3 with the primer few Tir / pint3580_glya21rev used. Template is a mixture of the reaction products of PCR1 and PCR2. Proper plasmids are named pINT3581.

The encoded by the plasmid pre-proinsulin precursor for the compound Arg (A0), His (A8), Gly (A21), Arg (B31), Arg (B32) _-NH2 human insulin, which results after amidation with argininamide.

The encoded by the plasmid pre-proinsulin precursor for the compound Arg (A0), His (A8), Gly (A21), Arg (B31), Lys (B32) -NH ₂ human insulin, which results after amidation with lysinamide.

Example 3: Construction of the plasmid pINT3582 encoding His (A8), Glu (A5), Gly (A21) prepro insulin

The construction is carried out as described in Example 1 and 2 via 3 polymerase chain reactions. The product of the third reaction is inserted after Nco1 / Sal1 digestion into the Nco1 / Sal1 opened pINT91d vector DNA. The primers Tir and pint3580_glya21rev are used. Two more primers are synthesized:

The Codon responsible for glutamic acid in position 5 of the A-chain coded, is highlighted in bold. The construction is carried out as described in Example 1. template is DNA of the plasmid pINT3581. Proper plasmids receive the name pINT3582.

The encoded by the plasmid pre-proinsulin precursor for the compound Arg (A0), Glu (A5), His (A8), Gly (A21), Arg (B31), Arg (B32) _-NH2 human insulin, after Amidation with arginine amide arises.

The encoded by the plasmid pre-proinsulin precursor for the compound Arg (A0), Glu (A5), His (A8), Gly (A21), Arg (B31), Lys (B32) -NH ₂ human insulin, after Amidation with lysinamide arises.

Example 4: Construction of the plasmid pINT3583 encoding His (A8), Asp (A18), Gly (A21) prepro insulin

The construction is carried out deviating from Example 1 via only one polymerase chain reactions. The product of this reaction is after Nco1 / Sal1 cleavage in the Nco1 / Sal1 opened pINT91d vector DNA inserted advantage. The primer Tir is used. Another primer is synthesized:

The Codon responsible for aspartic acid in position 18 of the A chain encoded is highlighted in bold. Template is DNA of the plasmid pINT3581. Proper plasmids are designated pINT3583.

The encoded by the plasmid pre-proinsulin precursor for the compound Arg (A0), Asp (A18), His (A8), Gly (A21), Arg (B31), Arg (B32) _-NH2 human insulin, after Amidation with arginine amide arises.

The encoded by the plasmid pre-proinsulin precursor for the compound Arg (A0), Asp (A18), His (A8), Gly (A21), Arg (B31), Lys (B32) -NH ₂ human insulin, after Amidation with lysinamide arises.

Example 5: Construction of the plasmid pINT3585 encoding His (A8), Glu (A15), Gly (A21) prepro insulin

The construction is carried out deviating from Example 1 via only one polymerase chain reactions. The product of this reaction is inserted after Nco1 / Sal1 digestion into the Nco1 / Sal1 opened pINT91d vector DNA. The primer Tir is used. Another primer is synthesized:

The Codon responsible for glutamic acid in position 15 of the A chain encoded is highlighted in bold. Template is DNA of the plasmid pINT3581. Proper plasmids are named pINT3585.

The encoded by the plasmid pre-proinsulin precursor for the compound Arg (A0), Glu (A15), His (A8), Gly (A21), Arg (B31), Arg (B32) _-NH2 human insulin, after Amidation with arginine amide arises.

The encoded by the plasmid pre-proinsulin precursor for the compound Arg (A0), Glu (A15), His (A8), Gly (A21), Arg (B31), Lys (B32) -NH ₂ human insulin, after Amidation with lysinamide arises.

Example 6: Construction of the plasmid pINT3588 encoding His (A8), Gly (A21), Asp (B3) prepro insulin

The construction is carried out as described in Example 1 and 2 via 3 polymerase chain reactions. The product of the third reaction is inserted after Nco1 / Sal1 digestion into the Nco1 / Sal1 opened pINT91d vector DNA. The primers Tir and pint3580_glya21rev are used. Two more primers are synthesized:

The Codon responsible for asparagine in position 3 of the insulin B chain coded is highlighted in bold. The construction will be like described in Example 1. Template is DNA of the plasmid pINT3581. Proper plasmids receive the name pINT3588.

The encoded by the plasmid pre-proinsulin precursor for the compound Arg (A0), His (A8), Gly (A21), Asp (B3), Arg (B31), Arg (B32) _-NH2 human insulin, after Amidation with arginine amide arises.

The encoded by the plasmid pre-proinsulin precursor for the compound Arg (A0), His (A8), Gly (A21), Asp (B3), Arg (B31), Lys (B32) -NH ₂ human insulin, after Amidation with lysinamide arises.

Example 7: Construction of the plasmid pINT3593 encoding His (A8), Gly (A21), Glu (B4) preproinsulin

The construction is carried out as described in Example 1 and 2 via 3 polymerase chain reactions. The product of the third reaction is inserted after Nco1 / Sal1 digestion into the Nco1 / Sal1 opened pINT91d vector DNA. The primers Tir and pint3580_glya21rev are used. Two more primers are synthesized:

The Codon responsible for glutamine in position 4 of the insulin B chain coded, is highlighted in bold. The construction will be like in Example 1 described performed. Template is DNA of the Plasmid pINT3581. Proper plasmids are named pINT3593.

The encoded by the plasmid pre-proinsulin precursor for the compound Arg (A0), His (A8), Gly (A21), Glu (B4), Arg (B31), Arg (B32) _-NH2 human insulin, after Amidation with arginine amide arises.

The encoded by the plasmid pre-proinsulin precursor for the compound Arg (A0), His (A8), Gly (A21), Glu (B4), Arg (B31), Lys (B32) -NH ₂ human insulin, after Amidation with lysinamide arises.

Example 8: Construction of the plasmid pINT3597 encoding His (A8), Gly (A21), Glu (B0) preproinsulin

The construction takes place via 2 polymerase chain reactions. The primer pint3580_glya21rev is used. Two more primers are synthesized:

Overlap the two primers partial. Contains pint3581_Eb0f2 an NcoI recognition sequence. This is underlined. The codon responsible for glutamic acid in position 0 coded at the beginning B-chain is highlighted in bold. template for PCR1 is DNA of the plasmid pINT3581.

PCR1 is performed with the primer pair pint3581_Eb-1f2 / pint3580_glya21rev. template for PCR2, the product is PCR1. PCR2 is done with the primer pair pint3581_Eb-1f2 / pint3580_glya21rev performed. The product from PCR2 outlines the complete preproinsulin sequence. The product of the second reaction becomes after Nco1 / Sal1 cleavage in the Nco1 / Sal1 opened pINT91d vector DNA is inserted. Proper plasmids are designated pINT3597.

The encoded by the plasmid pre-proinsulin precursor for the compound Arg (A0), His (A8), Gly (A21), Glu (B0), Arg (B31), Arg (B32) _-NH2 human insulin, after Amidation with arginine amide arises.

The encoded by the plasmid pre-proinsulin precursor for the compound Arg (A0), His (A8), Gly (A21), Glu (B0), Arg (B31), Lys (B32) -NH ₂ human insulin, after Amidation with lysinamide arises.

replaces the codon for glutamic acid in position B0 through the codon of aspartic acid and follows the example this leads to plasmids in position B0 instead of glutamic acid Carry aspartic acid.

Example 9: Construction of the plasmid pINT3700 encoding His (A8), Gly (A21), Lys (B0) preproinsulin

The Construction serves to be at the boundary between pre-sequence and start the B chain instead of the codon for arginine Introduce codon for lysine. The construction occurs via two polymerase chain reactions. used is the primer pint3580_glya21rev. Two more primers are synthesized.

The two primers partially overlap and pint3581_Eb0f2 contains an NcoI recognition frequency. This is underlined. The codon coding for glutamic acid in position 0 at the beginning B-chain is highlighted in bold. Template for PCR1 is DNA of the plasmid pINT3581. PCR1 is performed with the primer pair pint3581_Eb-1f2 / pint3580_glya21rev. Template for PCR2 is the product of PCR1. PCR2 is performed with the primer pair pint3581_Eb-1f2 / pint3580_glya21rev. The product from PCR2 covers the complete preproinsulin sequence. The product of the second reaction is inserted after Nco1 / Sal1 digestion into the Nco1 / Sal1 opened pINT91d vector DNA. Proper plasmids are named pINT3700.

The encoded by the plasmid pre-proinsulin precursor for the compound Arg (A0), His (A8), Gly (A21), Arg (B30) _-NH2 human insulin. In order to obtain the compound, the intermediate Arg (A0), His (A8), Gly (A21), Thr (B30) -human insulin is first prepared by reaction with trypsin and lysyl endopeptidase C, which is subsequently prepared by amidation with arginine amide is converted to the desired compound.

The encoded by the plasmid pre-proinsulin precursor for the compound Arg (A0), His (A8), Gly (A21), Lys (B30) -NH ₂ human insulin, which results after amidation with lysinamide.

Example 10: Construction of the plasmid pINT3701 encoding Gly (A21) Lys (B0) preproinsulin

The Construction serves to be at the boundary between pre-sequence and start the B chain instead of the codon for arginine Introduce codon for lysine. Follow the design strategy from Example 10, but used as a template for PCR1 DNA of the plasmid pINT358d, one arrives at the plasmid pINT3701, which characterizes it as the original plasmid pINT358d That is the boundary between C-peptide and A-chain through the amino acid sequence Lys-Arg is formed

Example 11: Construction of the plasmid pINT3702 encoding His (A8), Gly (A21), Lys (B0) prepro insulin with the C-peptide according to Example 10

follows one uses the construction plan described in Example 2 but as template DNA of the plasmid pINT3701, one arrives at the plasmid pINT3702.

The encoded by the plasmid pre-proinsulin precursor for the compound Arg (A0), His (A8), Gly (A21), Arg (B30) _-NH2 human insulin. In order to arrive at the compound, the intermediate Arg (A0), His (A8), Gly (A21), Thr (B30) -human insulin is first prepared by reaction only with lysyl endopeptidase C, which is subsequently added via amidation with arginine amide the desired connection is converted

The encoded by the plasmid pre-proinsulin precursor for the compound Arg (A0), His (A8), Gly (A21), Lys (B30) -NH ₂ human insulin, the entseht after amidation with lysinamide.

Example 12: Preparation of Vector Derivative pINT3703, that for His (A8), Gly (A21), Lys (B0) prepro insulin and a modified C-peptide attached to the C / A chain boundary Tri-peptide Lys-Arg-Arg carries coded.

Used is DNA of the plasmid pINT3702 as a template, and the primer pint3580_glya21rev and Tir. Two primer sequences are synthesized.

This Primer serves as the primer arg_cjunc_rev for introduction of arginine at the insulin A / B chain boundary.

The codon for the arginine to be introduced is bold in both primers. With DNA of the plasmid pINT3702 as template are corresponding to the primer pairs Tir / 3702_cjunc_rev and 3702_arg_cjuncf / pint3580_glya21rev EP-A 1 222 207 each carried out a PCR. Aliquots of the products of both reactions are combined and used together with the primer pair Tir / pint3580_glya21rev in a third PCR. The product of this reaction is purified by gel electrophoretic separation of the reaction mixture and digested with the restriction enzymes Sal1 / Nco1 according to the manufacturer in one and the same reaction, the reaction mixture gelelektrophoretisch separated and isolated the proinsulin sequence encoding DNA fragment. The fragment is then inserted via a DNA ligase reaction into the Nco1 / Sal1 opened pINT91d vector DNA.

With The ligation mixture is transformed into competent E. coli bacterial cells. The transformation mixture is added to selection plates containing 25 mg / l Ampicillin contained plated. Plasmid DNA is made from colonies isolated and characterized by DNA sequence analysis. right one Plasmids are designated pINT3702.

The encoded by the plasmid pre-proinsulin precursor for the connection Arg (A-1), Arg (A0), His (A8), Gly (A21), Arg (B30) _-NH2 human insulin. In order to obtain the compound, the intermediate Arg (A-1), Arg (A0), His (A8), Gly (A21), Thr (B30) -human insulin is first prepared by reaction with lysyl endopeptidase C, which is then converted via amidation with arginine amide to the desired compound.

The encoded by the plasmid pre-proinsulin precursor for the connection Arg (A-1), Arg (A0), His (A8), Gly (A21), Lys (B30) -NH ₂ human insulin, after amidation with lysinamide arises.

It is clear to the person skilled in the art that, according to Examples 3-8, aspartic acid or glutamic acid can be introduced into the corresponding positions of the A or B chain. These proinsulins are precursors to the compounds

Example 13: Preparation of Vector Derivative pINT3704, for His (A8), Gly (A21), Lys (B0) prepro insulin encoded

This Example describes the preparation of the vector derivative pINT3704, that for His (A8), Gly (A21), Lys (B0) preproinsulin encoded and a modified C-peptide, which at the C / A chain boundary the Carries tri-peptide Lys-Arg-Arg, and in which the amino acid Glycine, which occurs in human insulin in position A21, deleted is.

follows the synthesis scheme described in Example 12 and replaces the Primers 3702_arg_cjuncf and 3702_arg_cjuncfrev by primers 3703_ΔGa1f and 3703_ΔGa1rev and uses DNA of the plasmid pINT3073 as a template, one arrives at the plasmid pINT3704 thereby which is that in the encoded preproinsulin the amino acid glycine deleted in position 1 of the A chain and the rest of the sequence is that of pINT3703 corresponds to the coded sequence.

The encoded by the plasmid pre-proinsulin precursor for the compound Arg (A0), Arg (A1), His (A8), Gly (A21), Arg (B30) _-NH2 human insulin. To obtain the compound, the intermediate Arg (A0), Arg (A1), His (A8), Gly (A21), Thr (B30) human insulin is first prepared by reaction with lysyl endopeptidase C, followed by is converted to the desired compound via amidation with arginine amide.

The encoded by the plasmid pre-proinsulin precursor for the compound Arg (A0), Arg (A1), His (A8), Gly (A21), Lys (B30) -NH ₂ human insulin, which results after amidation with lysinamide.

the It is clear to a person skilled in the art that, in accordance with Example 12, they are negatively charged Introduce amino acids into the preproinsulin sequence can. Also can be in analogy to Example 13 from the Plasmid pINT3702 produce a plamid that is responsible for a proinsulin sequence which allows the production of insulin derivatives which are in Position 1 of the A chain arginine as N-terminal amino acid wear.

Example 14: Expression of proinsulin derivatives

The expression is according to Example 1 of the European patent application EP-A 1 222 207 carried out.

Example 15: Folding of Proinsulin Derivatives

The folding takes place in principle according to the in EP-A 0 668 282 described method.

Example 16: Processing of Proinsulins from Examples 2-8 using trypsin

The enzymatic processing of the folded preproinsulin into the two-chain Arg (A0) insulin precursor, whose C-terminal B chain end is characterized by lysine or arginine. The enzymatic processing of the folded Präproinsulinvorstufe takes place such. B. in Example 4 of WO91 / 03550 described. Particularly advantageous is the use of the in WO 2007/031187 A1 described trypsin variant.

Example 17: Processing of Proinsulins from Examples 9-13 by means of endoproteinase Lys-C

Endoprotease Lys-C from Achromobacter lyticus is commercially available (Merck / Calbiochem). The reaction is slightly modified as from Jekel, PA et al. [Anal. Biochem. 134, 347-354, (1983)] described carried out. It is adjusted to a pH of 9.5 and the reaction temperature is 30 ° C.

In the one-pot reaction we split off the pre-sequence and splitting off the C-peptide starting with Thr (B30), so that the C-terminal end of the B-chain is formed by lysine, which is called reactive Site for the enzyme-catalyzed coupling reaction is present.

Example 18: Preparation of the Arg-NH ₂ or Lys-NH ₂ insulin compound from the two-chain precursor via coupling with arginine or lysinamide

Regardless of the position of the additional acidic amino acids, a standard reaction is performed as follows: 100 mg Arg (A0), Gly (A21), Arg (B31) insulin analog are dissolved in 0.95 ml arginine amide solution (446 g / L), 0.13 ml M Na Acetate buffer (pH 5.8) and 2 ml of DMF. The reaction mixture is cooled to 12 ° C and started by adding 0.094 ml of trypsin (0.075 mg, Roche Diagnostics). After 8 h, the reaction is stopped by addition of TFA to pH 2.5 and analyzed by HPLC. It forms> 60%. Arg (A0), Gly (A21), Arg (B31), Arg (B32) -NH ₂ -Insulinanalogon After addition of trypsin inhibitor purification of amidated analogue in analogy carried to US 5,656,722 ,

The Preparation of the corresponding lysinamide compound is analogous. However, one starts from an aqueous lysinamide stock solution containing 366 g / L lysinamide dissolved.

Example 19: Semisynthetic Production Lys (A-1), Arg (A0), His (A8), Gly (A21), Arg (B30) -insulinamide

The compound YKL202-8 described in Example 11, which corresponds to an insulin derivative of the structure Arg (A0), His (A8), Gly (A21), Arg (B30) -insulinamide, serves as starting material for the preparation of the compound YKL202-11, which Lys (A-1), Arg (A0), His (A8), Gly (A21), Arg (B30) -Insulinamid. 200 mg of the compound are dissolved in 40 ml of a 100 mM Na ₂ HPO ₄ / CH ₃ CN (50:50) mixture and adjusted to a pH of 7.7-8.2. As another material, a Boc-Lys (Boc) -NHS ester is prepared by adding 0.3 mM Boc-Lys (Boc) -OH, 0.4 mM N-hydroxysuccinimide (NHS) and 0.4 mM dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (DCVC) Dichloromethane 40 minutes mixed. The reaction mixture is concentrated to dryness in a rotary vacuum evaporator. The mixture is then taken up in 5 ml of methanol and added to the dissolved starting insulin. The reaction is stirred at room temperature for at least 60, but for a maximum of 120 minutes. The reaction is stopped by adding 200 μl of TFA. The mass of the reaction products is characterized by LC-MS mass spectroscopy to provide evidence that monoacylated product consisting of three components is present. The components are separated by HPLC. This also di-acylated and tri-acylated by-products are separated. The fractions of the HPLC separation are analyzed by mass spectroscopy. The 3 fractions, each containing monoacylated product, are subjected to amino acid sequence analysis, interpretation of which allows identification of the HPLC fraction containing the desired compound, from which the Boc protecting groups are subsequently removed by hydrolysis. After renewed HPLC purification, the desired product is tested for its biological properties.

Example 20: Preparation of the plasmid pINT358_ha8, which codes for His (A8), Gly (A21) proinsulin.

Following the production scheme of Example 2 and using as template for the PCR1 and PCR2 DNA of the plasmid pINT358d, one arrives at the plasmid pINT358_ha8, which codes for His (A8), Gly (A21) proinsulin. The encoded by the plasmid proinsulin serves as serves as a precursor for the compound of the form His (A8), Gly (A21), Arg (B31), Arg (B32) -NH ₂ human insulin characterized. The processing of the preproinsulin to His (A8), Gly (A21), Arg (B31) as an intermediate before amidation is carried out as in WO91 / 03550 described. This involves using conventional trypsin.

Example 21: Formulation of the amidated insulin derivatives

Around the insulin derivatives according to the invention on their biological, pharmacological and physicochemical properties To test, the compounds became a solution as follows prepared: The insulin derivative according to the invention was at a target concentration of 240 ± 5 μM in 1 mM hydrochloric acid with 80 μg / mL zinc (as zinc chloride) dissolved. This was done by the freeze-dried material initially about 30% higher than expected of the molecular weight and the desired concentration needed weighed. Thereafter, the present concentration was determined by analytical HPLC determined and the solution then on the volume required to reach the target concentration 5 mM hydrochloric acid with 80 ug / mL zinc filled. If necessary, the pH became 3.5 ± 0.1 readjusted. After the final analysis by HPLC for Protection of the target concentration of 240 ± 5 μM the finished solution was made by means of a syringe with a 0.2 μm filter attachment in one with a septum and a Crimp cap closed sterile vial transferred. For the short-term, one-time testing of the invention Insulin derivatives did not optimize the formulations, e.g. B. with regard to an addition of isotonic agents, preservatives or buffer substances.

Example 22: Preparation of His (A8), Gly (A21), Arg (B31) Human insulin by yeast expression

EP-A 1 364 032 describes the expression and secretion of a fusion port of hirudin and minipro insulin by yeast. Particularly advantageous yeast hosts are S. cerevisiae, K. lactis, H. polymorpha and P. pastoris. Example 4 of said patent application describes the construction of a plasmid which allows the production of the fusion protein in P. pastoris and whose DNA serves as a template for the preparation of a miniproinsulin whose amino acid sequence in the A chain in the positions A8, A15, A18 and A21 is characterized by the amino acids histidine (A8), glutamic acid (A15), aspartic acid (A18) and glycine (A21). The primer pichia_H_if1 is used. Re-synthesized and after syn The following primers are purified:

The bold highlighted codon marks positions A8.

The bold highlighted codon marks positions A8.

equimolar Quantities (1 μg) of primer pichia_G21_rev and primer pichia_H8f, which cover partially, are in the presence of a thermophilic polymerase and polymerase buffer containing the 4 deoxynucleotides dATP, dCTP, dGTP and dTTP 5 'denatured at 95 ° C, then incubated at 56 ° C for 10-15 minutes. The Reaction volume of this reaction 1 is 25 μl. In a standard polymerase chain reaction (reaction 2) become parallel the primers pichia_H_if1 and pichia-a1-12rev with the described Template DNA implemented. In another polymerase chain reaction become the reaction products of reactions 1 and 2 as a template reacted with the primers pichia_H_if1 / pichia_G21rev. The reaction product This reaction is purified by gel electrophoresis. After implementation with the restriction enzymes XhoI and SacII, the DNA fragment, which covers the fusion product in, analogy to example 4 used in the described vector pPICZαA. It arises the plasmid pPIC_ins202. Using the described commercial available expression kits, the expression of the plasmid-encoded fusion protein. After making the His (A8), Gly (A21), Arg (B31) human insulin precursor is now coupling of arginine amide as described for arginine (B31). The result is the compound His (A8), Gly (A21), Arg (B31), Arg (B32) -NH2 insulin, the already a new delay insulin according to example 20 and tested in the rat experiment.

But the connection can also as an intermediate for preparation of the compound Arg (A0), His (A8), Gly (A21), Arg (B31) Arg (B32) -NH ₂ human insulin, which in accordance Kohn et al. [Peptides 28 (2007) 935-948] is produced, serve. For this purpose, 200 mg of the compound His (A8), Gly (A21), Arg (B31), Arg (B32) -NH ₂ -Humaninsulin in 40 ml of a mixture of 100 mM Na ₂ HPO ₄ / CH ₃ CN (50:50 ) and adjusted to a pH of 7.7-8.2.

As another material, a Boc-Arg-NHS ester is prepared by mixing 0.3 mM Boc-Arg-OH, 0.4 mM N-hydroxysuccinimide (NHS) and 0.4 mM dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (DCVC) in dichloromethane for 40 minutes. The reaction mixture is concentrated to dryness in a rotary vacuum evaporator. The mixture is then taken up in 5 ml of methanol and added to the dissolved starting insulin. The reaction is stirred at room temperature for at least 60, but not more than 120 minutes. The reaction is stopped by adding 200 μl of TFA. The mass of the reaction products is mass-spectroscopically characterized by LC-MS to provide evidence that monoacylated product consisting of three components is present. The components are separated by HPLC. This also di-acylated and tri-acylated by-products are separated. The fractions of the HPLC separation are analyzed by mass spectroscopy. The three fractions, each containing monoacylated product, are subjected to amino acid sequence analysis whose interpretation allows identification of the HPLC fraction containing the desired compound, from which the Boc protecting groups are subsequently removed by gentle hydrolysis. After renewed HPLC purification, the desired product is tested for its biological properties.

Example 23: Evaluation of the blood sugar lowering Effect of new insulin analogues in the rat

The hypoglycemic effect of selected new insulin analogues is tested in male, healthy, normoglycemic Wistar rats. Male rats are injected subcutaneously with a dose of 9 nmol / kg of an insulin analogue. Immediately before injecting the insulin analogue and periodically up to eight hours after the injection, blood samples are taken from the animals and the blood sugar content is determined therein. The experiment clearly shows (cf. 1 ) that the insulin analog according to the invention leads to a significantly delayed onset of action and a longer, uniform duration of action.

Example 24: Evaluation of the blood sugar lowering Effect of new insulin analogues in the dog

The hypoglycemic effect of selected new insulin analogues is in male, healthy, normoglycemic Beagle dogs tested. Male animals will become one Dose of 6 nmol / kg of an insulin analog injected subcutaneously. immediate before injection of insulin analog and in regular Intervals up to forty-eight hours after the injection Blood samples are taken from the animals and therein the blood sugar content certainly. The experiment clearly shows that the invention Insulin analog to a significantly delayed, shallow Acting and a longer, even Duration of action leads.

It follows Sequence listing according to WIPO St. 25. This can of the official publication platform of the DPMA become.

QUOTES INCLUDE IN THE DESCRIPTION

This list The documents listed by the applicant have been automated generated and is solely for better information recorded by the reader. The list is not part of the German Patent or utility model application. The DPMA takes over no liability for any errors or omissions.

Cited patent literature

• WO 2006/058620 [0037]
• WO 2001/04156 [0037]
• WO 2004/005342 [0037]
• WO 98/08871 [0037]
• - EP 1222207 A [0048, 0057, 0060, 0102, 0112]
• - EP 1364029 A [0048]
• - EP 0668282 A [0113]
• WO 91/03550 [0114, 0120]
• WO 2007/031187 A1 [0114]
• US 5656722 [0117]
• - EP 1364032 A [0122]

Cited non-patent literature

• - Kohn et al. (Peptides 28 (2007) 935-948) [0006]
• - Jekel, PA et al. [Anal. Biochem. 134, 347-354, (1983)] [0115]
• - Kohn et al. [Peptides 28 (2007) 935-948] [0126]

Claims (37)

Insulin analog of the formula I.

wherein A-1 is Lys, Arg or an amino group; A0 Lys, Arg or a chemical bond; A1 Arg or Gly; A5 Asp, Glu or Gln; A15 Asp, Glu or Gln; A18 Asp, Glu or Asn; A21 Ala, Ser, Thr or Gly; B-1 Asp, Glu or an amino group; B0 Asp, Glu or a chemical bond; B1 Asp, Glu, Phe or a chemical bond; B3 Asp, Glu or Asn; B4 Asp, Glu or Gln; B29 Arg, Lys or an amino acid selected from a group containing the amino acids Phe, Ala, Thr, Ser, Val, Leu, Glu or Asp, or a chemical bond; B30 Thr or a chemical bond; B31 Arg, Lys or a chemical bond; B32 is Arg-amide or Lys-amide, with no more than one amino acid residue of the group containing A5, A15, A18, B-1, B0, B1, B2, B3 and B4 simultaneously and independently corresponding to Asp or Glu. Insulin analog according to claim 1, where A-1 corresponds to Arg. Insulin analog according to one or several of the preceding claims, wherein A0 corresponds to Arg. Insulin analog according to one or more of the preceding claims, wherein A5 corresponds to Glu. Insulin analog according to one or more of the preceding claims, wherein A15 corresponds to Glu. Insulin analog according to one or more of the preceding claims, wherein A18 corresponds to Asp. Insulin analog according to one or several of the preceding claims, wherein A8 corresponds to His. Insulin analog according to one or more of the preceding claims, wherein A21 corresponds to Gly. Insulin analog according to one or more of the preceding claims, wherein B0 corresponds to Glu. Insulin analog according to one or several of the preceding claims, wherein B3 corresponds to Asp. Insulin analog according to one or more of the preceding claims, wherein B4 corresponds to Glu. Insulin analog according to one or more of the preceding claims, wherein B30 corresponds to Arg. Insulin analog according to one or several of the preceding claims, wherein B30 corresponds to Lys. Insulin analog according to one or more of claims 1 to 13 selected from a group containing Arg (A-1), Arg (A0), Glu (A5), His (A8), Gly (A21), Arg (B30) -NH ₂ human insulin , Arg (A-1), Arg (A0), Glu (A5), His (A8), Gly (A21), Lys (B30) -NH ₂ human insulin, Arg (A-1), Arg (A0), Glu (A15) His (A8), Gly (A21), Arg (B30) -NH ₂ human insulin, Arg (A-1), Arg (A0), Glu (A15), His (A8), Gly (A21), Lys (B30) -NH ₂ human insulin, Arg (A-1), Arg (A0), Asp (A18), His (A8), Gly (A21), Arg (B30) -NH ₂ human insulin, Arg (A-1 ), Arg (A0), Asp (A18), His (A8), Gly (A21), Arg (B30) -NH ₂ human insulin, Arg (A-1), Arg (A0), His (A8), Gly ( A21), Glu (B0), Arg (B30) -NH ₂ human insulin, Arg (A-1), Arg (A0), His (A8), Gly (A21), Glu (B0), Lys (B30) -NH ₂ human insulin, Arg (A-1), Arg (A0), His (A8), Gly (A21), Asp (B3), Arg (B30) -NH ₂ human insulin, Arg (A-1), Arg (A0) , His (A8), Gly (A21), Asp (B3), Lys (B30) -NH ₂ human insulin, Arg (A-1), Arg (A0), His (A8), Gly (A21), Glu (B4 ), Arg (B30) -NH ₂ human insulin, Arg (A-1), Arg (A0), His (A8), Gly (A21), Glu (B4), Lys (B30) -NH ₂ human insulin, Arg (A0 ), His (A8), Gly (A21), Arg (B31), Arg (B32) -NH ₂ -Hu maninsulin, Arg (A0), His (A8), Gly (A21), Arg (B31), Lys (B32) -NH ₂ human insulin, Arg (A0), Glu (A5), His (A8), Gly (A21 (), Arg B31), Arg (B32) _-NH2 human insulin, Arg (A0), Glu (A5), His (A8), Gly (A21), Arg (B31), Lys (B32) -NH ₂ - human insulin, Arg (A0), Asp (A18), His (A8), Gly (A21), Arg (B31), Arg (B32) _-NH2 human insulin, Arg (A0), Asp (A18), His (A8 ), Gly (A21), Arg (B31), Lys (B32) -NH ₂ human insulin, Arg (A0), Glu (A15), His (A8), Gly (A21), Arg (B31), Arg (B32 ) -NH ₂ human insulin, Arg (A0), Glu (A15), His (A8), Gly (A21), Arg (B31), Lys (B32) -NH ₂ human insulin, Arg (A0), His (A8 ), Gly (A21), Asp (B3), Arg (B31), Arg (B32) _-NH2 human insulin, Arg (A0), His (A8), Gly (A21), Asp (B3), Arg (B31 ), Lys (B32) -NH ₂ human insulin, Arg (A0), His (A8), Gly (A21), Glu (B4), Arg (B31), Arg (B32) _-NH2 human insulin, Arg (A0 ), His (A8), Gly (A21), Glu (B4), Arg (B31), Lys (B32) -NH ₂ human insulin, Arg (A0), His (A8), Gly (A21), Glu (B0 (), Arg B31), Arg (B32) _-NH2 human insulin, Arg (A0), His (A8), Gly (A21), Glu (B0), Arg (B31), Lys (B32) -NH ₂ - human insulin, Arg (A0), His (A8), Gly (A21), Arg (B30) _-NH2 human insulin, Arg (A0), His (A8) , Gly (A21), Lys (B30) -NH ₂ -human insulin, Arg (A-1), Arg (A0), His (A8), Gly (A21), Arg (B30) -NH ₂ -human insulin, Arg (A) A1), Arg (A0), His (A8), Gly (A21), Lys (B30) -NH ₂ human insulin, Arg (A0), Arg (A1), His (A8), Gly (A21), Arg (B30) _-NH2 human insulin, Arg (A0), Arg (A1), His (A8), Gly (A21), Lys (B30) -NH ₂ human insulin, His (A8), Gly (A21), Arg (B31), Arg (B32) -NH ₂ -human insulin. Process for the preparation of an insulin analog according to of claims 1 to 14. The method of claim 15, wherein a precursor of the insulin analog human insulin recombinant The precursor is enzmatic to two-chain Insulin is processed and a coupling with arginine amide in the presence an enzyme with trypsin activity and the insulin analog is isolated. Use of an insulin analog according to a of claims 1 to 14 for the manufacture of a medicament for the treatment of diabetes mellitus. Use according to claim 17 in a process for the preparation of a medicament for treatment of diabetes mellitus type I or type II, for cartilage regeneration or in support of beta cell regeneration. Medicament containing an insulin analog according to a of claims 1 to 14. Formulation of the insulin analog according to one of claims 1 to 14, wherein the formulation is in aqueous Form containing the dissolved insulin analog is present. Formulation of the insulin analog according to one of claims 1 to 14, wherein the formulation is in the form of powder. A formulation according to claim 21, wherein the insulin analog according to any one of claims 1 to 14 is present in crystalline and / or amorphous form. Formulation of the insulin analog according to one of claims 1 to 14, wherein the formulation is in the form a suspension is present. Formulation of the insulin analog according to one of claims 1 to 14, wherein the formulation additionally contains a chemical chaperone. DNA encoding a precursor an insulin analog according to any of the claims 1 to 14. DNA encoding the A chain of an insulin analog according to one of claims 1 to 14. DNA encoding the B chain of an insulin analog according to one of claims 1 to 14. Vector containing a DNA according to one or more of claims 25 to 27. Host organism containing a DNA after one or more of claims 25 to 27 or a vector according to claim 28th Preproinsulin analog, characterized the C-peptide has the amino acid residue at its N-terminus Arginine bears and its C-terminus by the form Arg Arg, Arg Lys or Lys Arg Arg is marked. Formulation according to one or more of the claims 20 to 24, in which additionally a glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP1) or an analog or derivative thereof, or exendin-3 or -4 or an analog or derivative thereof is included. A formulation according to claim 31, wherein additionally Exendin-4 is included. Formulation according to claim 31, wherein an analogue of exendin-4 is selected from the group consisting of H-DESpro ³⁶ -Exendin-4-Lys ₆ -NH _2, H-des (Pro ^36,37) -Exendin-4-Lys ₄ -NH ₂ and H-des (Pro ^36,37) -Exendin-4-Lys ₅ -NH _2, or a pharmacologically tolerable salt thereof. A formulation according to claim 31, wherein an analog of exendin-4 is selected from a group comprising the Pro ³⁶ [Asp ²⁸ ] exendin-4 (1-39), the Pro ³⁶ [IsoAsp ²⁸ ] exendin-4 (1-39), the Pro ³⁶ [Met (O) ¹⁴ , Asp ²⁸ ] Exendin-4 (1-39), the Pro ³⁶ [Met (O) ¹⁴ , IsoAsp ²⁸ ] Exendin-4 (1-39), the Pro ³⁶ [Trp (O ₂ ) ²⁵ , Asp ²⁸ ] exendin-2 (1-39), the pro ³⁶ [Trp (O ₂ ) ²⁵ , IsoAsp ²⁸ ] exendin-2 (1-39), the Pro ³⁶ [Met (O) ¹⁴ Trp (O ₂ ) ²⁵ , Asp ²⁸ ] exendin-4 (1-39) and desPro ³⁶ [Met (O) ¹⁴ Trp (O ₂ ) ²⁵ , IsoAsp ²⁸ ] Exendin-4 (1-39), or a pharmacologically tolerable salt thereof. A formulation according to claim 36, wherein the peptide Lys ₆ -NH _{2 is} added to the C-termini of the analogues of exendin-4. A formulation according to claim 31, wherein an analog of exendin-4 is selected from a group containing H- (Lys) ₆ -the Pro ³⁶ [Asp ²⁸ ] exendin-4 (1-39) -Lys ₆ -NH _{2 of} Asp ²⁸ Pro ³⁶ , Pro ³⁷ , Pro ₃₈ Exendin-4 (1-39) -NH ₂ , H- (Lys) ₆ -the Pro ³⁶ , Pro ³⁷ , Pro ³⁸ [Asp ²⁸ ] Exendin-4 (1-39) -NH ₂ , H -Asn- (Glu) ₅ desPro ³⁶ , Pro ³⁷ , Pro ³⁸ [Asp ²⁸ ] Exendin-4 (1-39) -NH ₂ , Pro ³⁶ , Pro ³⁷ , Pro ³⁸ [Asp ²⁸ ] Exendin-4 (1-39 ) - (Lys) ₆ -NH ₂ , H- (Lys) ₆ -desPro ³⁶ , Pro ³⁷ , Pro ³⁸ [Asp ²⁸ ] exendin-4 (1-39) - (Lys) ₆ -NH ₂ , H-Asn- (Glu) _5- desPro ³⁶ , Pro ³⁷ , Pro ³⁸ [Asp ₂₈ ] Exendin-4 (1-39) - (Lys) ₆ -NH ₂ , H- (Lys) ₆ -the Pro ³⁶ [Trp ( O ₂ ) ²⁵ , Asp ²⁸ ] Exendin-4 (1-39) -Lys ₆ -NH ₂ , H-desAsp ²⁸ Pro ³⁶ , Pro ³⁷ , Pro ³⁸ [Trp (O ₂ ) ²⁵ ] Exendin-4 (1-39 ) -NH ₂ , H- (Lys) ₆ -desPro ³⁶ , Pro ³⁷ , Pro ³⁸ [Trp (O ₂ ) ²⁵ , Asp ²⁸ ] Exendin-4 (1-39) -NH ₂ , H-Asn- (Glu) ₅ -des Pro ³⁶ , Pro ³⁷ , Pro ³⁸ [Trp (O ₂ ) ²⁵ , Asp ²⁸ ] Exendin-4 (1-39) -NH ₂ , Pro ³⁶ , Pro ³⁷ , Pro ³⁸ [Trp (O ₂ ) ²⁵ , Asp ²⁸ ] Exendin-4 (1-39) - (Lys) ₆ -NH ₂ , H- (Lys) ₆ -desPro ³⁶ , Pro ³⁷ , Pro ³⁸ [Trp (O ₂ ) ²⁵ , Asp ²⁸ ] Exendin-4 (1 -39) - (Lys) ₆ -NH ₂ , H-Asn- (Glu) ₅ -desPro ³⁶ , Pro ³⁷ , Pro ³⁸ [Trp (O ₂ ) ²⁵ , Asp ²⁸ ] Exendin-4 (1-39) - ( Lys) ₆ -NH ₂ , H- (Lys) ₆ -desPro ³⁶ [Met (O) ¹⁴ , Asp ²⁸ ] Exendin-4 (1-39) -Lys ₆ -NH ₂ , of the Met (O) ¹⁴ Asp ²⁸ Pro ³⁶ , Pro ³⁷ , Pro ³⁸ exendin-4 (1-39) -NH ₂ , H- (Lys) ₆ -desPro ³⁶ , Pro37, Pro ³⁸ [Met (O) ¹⁴ , Asp ²⁸ ] exendin-4 (1-39) -NH ₂ , H-Asn- (Glu) ₅ -desPro ³⁶ , Pro ³⁷ , Pro ³⁸ [Met (O) ¹⁴ , Asp ²⁸ ] Exendin-4 (1-39) -NH ₂ , Pro ³⁶ , Pro ³⁷ , Pro ³⁸ [Met (O) ¹⁴ , Asp ²⁸ ] Exendin-4 (1-39) - (Lys) ₆ -NH ₂ , H- (Lys) ₆ -desPro ³⁶ , Pro ³⁷ , Pro ³⁸ [Met (O) ¹⁴ , Asp ²⁸ ] Exendin-4 (1-39) -Lys ₆ -NH ₂ , H-Asn- (Glu) _{5 of} Pro ³⁶ , Pro ³⁷ , Pro ³⁸ [Met (O) ¹⁴ , Asp ²⁸ ] Exendin-4 (1-39) - (Lys) ₆ -NH ₂ , H- (Lys) ₆ -desPro ³⁶ [Met (O) ¹⁴ , Trp (O ₂ ) ²⁵ , Asp ²⁸ ] Exendin-4 (1-39) -Lys ₆ -NH ₂ , the Asp ²⁸ Pro ³⁶ , Pro ³⁷ , Pro ³⁸ [Met (O) ¹⁴ , Trp (O ₂ ) ²⁵ ] Exendin-4 (1-39) -NH ₂ , H- (Lys) ₆ -the Pro ³⁶ Pro ³⁷ , Pro ³⁸ [Met (O ) ¹⁴ , Trp (O ₂ ) ²⁵ , Asp ²⁸ ] Exendin-4 (1-39) -NH ₂ , H-Asn- (Glu) ₅ -the Pro ³⁶ , Pro ³⁷ , Pro ³⁸ [Met (O) ¹⁴ , Asp ²⁸ ] Exendin-4 (1-39) -NH ₂ , Pro ³⁶ , Pro ³⁷ , Pro ³⁸ [Met (O) ¹⁴ , Trp (O ₂ ) ²⁵ , Asp ²⁸ ] Exendin-4 (1-39) - (Lys ) ₆ -NH ₂ , H- (Lys) ₆ -desPro ³⁶ , Pro ³⁷ , Pro ³⁸ [Met (O) ¹⁴ , Trp (O ₂ ) ²⁵ , Asp ²⁸ ] Exendin-4 (1-39) - (Lys) ₆ -NH ₂ , H-Asn- (Glu) ₅ -desPro ³⁶ , Pro ³⁷ , Pro ³⁸ [Met (O) ¹⁴ , Trp (O ₂ ) ²⁵ , Asp ²⁸ ] Exendin-4 (1-39) - (Lys ) ₆ -NH ₂ , or a pharmacologically tolerable salt thereof. A formulation according to claim 31, further containing Arg ³⁴ , Lys ²⁶ (N ^ε (γ-glutamyl (N ^α -hexadecanoyl))) GLP-1 (7-37) [liraglutide].