DE102008020555A1 - Redundant drive system for hybrid driven vehicle e.g. military all-terrain vehicle, has set of electrical machines alternatively separated from mechanical drive strand of internal combustion engine or wheel drive unit - Google Patents

Abstract

The system (2) has a set of electrical machines (212, 222) provided with a rotor, which is arranged as a mechanical connecting link in a mechanical drive strand in a set of drive assemblies (21, 22) between an internal combustion engine (211) and a wheel drive unit (3). A set of adjustable clutches (214-215, 224-225) is arranged between the combustion engine and one of the electrical machines and between other electrical machine and the wheel drive unit. The electrical machines are alternatively separated from the mechanical drive strand of the combustion engine or the wheel drive unit.

Description

The The invention relates to a redundant drive system for a Hybrid vehicle in which for driven wheel units at least two drive machines of different energy conversion concepts are present, one of which is an electric machine, the same time a drive and generator function fulfilled and electrically connected to at least one energy store.

The Invention is particularly applicable in off-highway military vehicles, but also in energy-saving road transport vehicles and rail.

in the State of the art are in addition to serial-hybrid drive concepts, in which an internal combustion engine drives a power generator, the in turn via electrical lines electric drive motors feeds, various real-hybrid drive concepts known. at the latter is located in the mechanical drive train an electric machine, the electric energy feeds into a collector or these from the Collector when needed in the powertrain as mechanical power feeds to start an internal combustion engine, in addition to Internal combustion engine to increase the mechanical power output or to act as the sole propulsion of the vehicle when the Internal combustion engine, failed or shut down, by means of a clutch is disconnected from the drive train.

The Demand for hybrid drives has been mainly for the drive redundancy in such vehicles levied in which the failure of one or more drive units, eg. For security reasons, is not acceptable. But hybrid concepts are also becoming increasingly popular for reasons of environmental protection to save fuel and emission reduction.

in the Prior art both serial hybrid concepts with separate electric drives for individual axes, as well as parallel Hybrid concepts from combustion and electric machines, or from internal combustion engine and hydraulic individual drives at different Axes tracked.

For example, in the EP 1 564 518 A1 a serial hybrid drive with electric motors described on two or more axes. The main emphasis is placed on the fact that separate energy stores are available for both axles, so that if a wheel or a whole axle is lost, residual mobility of the vehicle is ensured by putting the defective axle out of operation (eg blown up) and the remaining axle can be electrically driven either by means of an energy storage or the existing internal combustion engine as an emergency drive.

A very similar redundancy principle is in the WO 2002/47958 A2 for a protected vehicle with hydraulic single-wheel drive described. If a wheel - z. B. by driving over a landmine - damaged or separated or must be subsequently separated because of blockage, the mobility of the vehicle is ensured by the remaining wheels on their separate hydraulic drives, which are driven by a single internal combustion engine via separate hydraulic strands.

adversely mandatory on the drive systems described above Sustainable mobility is that the drive units can not be controlled redundantly equivalent, but at best to enable an emergency operation, the locomotion from a danger zone allows.

Another hybrid system is out of the DE 19758789 B4 for motor vehicles with an internal combustion engine on the one hand and an electric motor on the other axle known, wherein the electric machine is selectively connected as a prime mover or used for regenerative braking force generation. In this case, separate but connectable electrical energy storage are available for each drive machine. A disadvantage of this principle is that in case of failure of a drive unit only one axis can be driven.

Of the Invention is based on the object, a new way to find the redundant drive of hybrid vehicles, the one Multiple redundancy of the entire drive system in the most diverse Emergency situations of the drive components ensured and at the same time any control of the mechanical and electrical Drive units under energy saving and / or safety aspects allowed.

According to the invention, the object in a redundant drive system for a hybrid vehicle, in which at least two drive machines of different energy conversion concepts are available for driven wheel units, one of which is an electric machine, which also performs a drive and generator function and is electrically connected to at least one energy storage, characterized characterized in that the drive system comprises at least two separate drive groups, each having at least one independent mechanical drive train of internal combustion engine, electric machine and driven wheel unit that in each drive group between the internal combustion engine and driven wheel unit, an electric machine with its rotor as a mechanical link in the mechanical drive is arranged strand, and that between the internal combustion engine and the electric machine and between the electric machine and the driven wheel unit each have a switchable clutch is arranged, so that the electric machine is selectively separable from the mechanical drive train of the internal combustion engine or the driven wheel unit.

Advantageous is the coupling between the electric machine and the wheel unit in front of you arranged the gear unit upstream gear and will therefore follow Called gear coupling.

Preferably are separate drive groups each for wheel units, which are arranged in pairs on different vehicle axles, or for different axles of a vehicle (multiple unit) available.

For special redundancy requirements are found to be appropriate, that for to be driven on different sides of the vehicle wheel units two separate drive groups are present, each with a mechanical drive train from combustion engine, engine clutch, Electric machine and transmission clutch to a common steering gear coupled for the left and right wheel units are. The driven on different sides of the vehicle Wheel units are preferably used as chain drives of tracked vehicles educated.

The separate drive groups are preferably via a manifold connected to a common electrical energy storage and thus electrically connected to each other.

In In another advantageous variant, the separate drive groups each own electrical energy storage on, over a controlled battery switch are connectable.

It proves to be expedient, a control unit to provide for the selection of operating modes of the drive system, wherein both the operation or the decommissioning of a whole drive group as well as individual drive machines of a drive group, the separation and coupling of the mechanical drive trains as well the electrical connection of the drive groups dependent of the desired operating mode in certain combinations are programmed.

there contains the control unit for selecting operating modes advantageously programmed automatic operating regime that defined Operating modes combined with each other under aspects of the Energy saving, the exhaust or noise emission or the Short or long-term mobility security.

The Control unit is preferably for combined control of the modes provided by more than two drive groups. In particular, can they are used to control the electrical energy balance between the several drive groups or advantageous for controlling the distribution and recharge of available in separate energy stores be provided electrical energy. It can also be the distribution the one available from electric machines in generator mode Control electrical energy suitably.

The Invention is based on the basic idea that in a drive system for any hybrid vehicles - similar like in the redundancy concept of armored vehicles - driving guaranteed even with loss or failure of individual drive components should be and at the same time the engines economical and environmentally conscious can be operated.

To the hybrid drive concept is constructed such that for each individual wheel unit separately existing electrical system components with each other are coupled to exchange their services when needed, too supplement and / or cumulate. For each to be driven Wheel unit is in the mechanical drive train between the internal combustion engine and the wheel unit arranged an electric machine, the mechanical and control technology of the internal combustion engine and the driven Wheel unit is separately separable. In addition, the electric machines still interconnected or at least connectable if necessary. Thereby arises a multi-redundant drive system, which except the functional safety crucial advantages Energy savings, environmental impact and standardization of drive components having.

• – Fahrt mit zwei Verbrennungsmaschinen (mechanisch), Ladung eines elektrischen Energiespeichers (Batterie) durch Generatorfunktion der Elektromaschinen;
• – Fahrt mit zwei Verbrennungsmaschinen und elektromotorischer Unterstützung, gespeist aus der Batterie;
• – Fahrt mit nur einer Verbrennungsmaschine, mittels mechanischem Antrieb einer Radeinheit, Ladung des Energiespeichers durch Generatorfunktion der Elektromaschinen in angetriebener und mitlaufender Antriebsgruppe;
• – Fahrt mit einer Verbrennungsmaschine der einen Antriebsgruppe und mit Elektroantrieb in der anderen Antriebsgruppe, gespeist aus der Batterie oder direkt aus der Elektromaschine der Antriebsgruppe mit laufender Verbrennungsmaschine;
• – Stillstand des Fahrzeugs mit einer oder zwei laufenden Verbrennungsmaschinen (bei geöffneter Getriebekupplung) zur Speisung der Batterie oder anderer Verbraucher aus dem Generatorbetrieb einer oder zweier Elektromaschinen (reiner Stromversorgungsbetrieb).

From various points of view, such as drive power, drive redundancy, energy management, emission minimization, etc., the following operating modes are possible for the use of a drive system consisting of two drive groups:

• - driving with two combustion engines (mechanical), charging an electrical energy storage (battery) by generator function of the electric machines;
• - driving with two combustion engines and electromotive assistance, fed from the battery;
• - Drive with only one internal combustion engine, by means of mechanical drive a wheel unit, charging the energy storage by generator function of the electric machines in driven and revolving drive group;
• - Travel with an internal combustion engine of a drive group and with electric drive in the other drive group, fed from the battery or directly from the electric machine of the drive group with running internal combustion engine;
• - Standstill of the vehicle with one or two engines running (with the gearbox clutch open) to power the battery or other consumers from the generator operation of one or two electric machines (pure power supply operation).

With The solution according to the invention makes it possible to to realize a redundant drive system for hybrid vehicles, That is a multiple redundancy of the entire vehicle drive in a variety of Operating conditions and accident situations of the drive components ensures and at the same time any control of mechanical and electrical drive units under energy-saving and / or safety aspects.

The Invention will be described below with reference to embodiments be explained in more detail. The drawings show:

1 : a schematic view of the arrangement according to the invention,

2 an embodiment of the invention with redundant chain drives,

3 : An embodiment of the invention for multiaxially driven railway trains with hybrid drive system.

In a hybrid-powered vehicle 1 - as in 1 shown schematically - contains the drive system 2 in its basic structure at least two identical mechanical drive groups 21 and 22 , each of which is structured as follows:
An internal combustion engine 211 (respectively. 221 ) is with at least one electric machine 212 ( 222 ) connected via a transmission 213 ( 223 ) with the wheel units to be driven 3 is coupled. The rotor of the electric machine 212 ( 222 ) provides a continuous mechanical drive train from the internal combustion engine 211 ( 221 ) over the gearbox 213 ( 223 ) to the wheel unit 3 ago. Between combustion engine 211 ( 221 ) and electric machine 212 ( 222 ) as well as between electric machine 212 ( 222 ) and gearbox 213 ( 223 ) are each switchable couplings, machine clutch 214 ( 224 ) and transmission clutch 215 ( 225 ), arranged for separating the power flow in the mechanical drive train.

The hybrid vehicle 1 (in 1 stylized only, with dashed outline cab and drive groups 21 and 22 shown) has in the concrete example according to 1 - For simplified representation of the several possible drive groups - only two similar drive groups 21 and 22 , In this particularly simple embodiment is provided, the electrical outputs of the electric machines 212 and 222 via one machine converter each 216 respectively. 226 to at least one electrical energy storage 26 (Accumulator, below also: battery 26 ) by means of manifolds 263 to couple and (possibly separable) to connect with each other. Furthermore, the drive groups 21 and 22 control technology via a control unit 27 interconnected by adding to the prime movers, internal combustion engines 211 and 221 and electrical machines 212 and 222 , as well as to the switchable couplings, machine couplings 214 and 224 and gear couplings 215 and 225 , Control cables 271 are present, the different operating states of the individual units of the drive groups 21 and 22 adjust and thus enable different modes.

It is at the discretion of the driver, which drive machine (s) 211 . 221 . 212 . 222 which drive group (s) 21 or 22 he has a control unit 27 for the drive and energy management of the drive system 2 or whether it is an automatic (in the control unit 27 programmed) drive or energy management for the appropriate operating mode of the vehicle 1 starts. The following function variants are available for this:
Are in a drive group 21 ( 22 ) Both couplings 214 and 215 ( 224 and 225 ) closed, drives the combustion engine 211 ( 221 ) both the electric machine 212 ( 222 ) as well as over the transmission 213 ( 223 ) the wheel units 3 of the vehicle 1 at. In this case, in a first variant, mechanical energy from the internal combustion engine 211 or 221 branched off, by means of the electric machine 212 respectively. 222 converted into electrical energy and in the battery 26 get saved.

In a second variant, in the electric machine (s) 212 and or 222 additional energy for the vehicle drive to be fed by the battery 26 stored energy taken or from the other drive group 22 (or 21 ) Electric power from the generator function of the electric machine 222 (or 212 ) is made available.

Falls an internal combustion engine 211 (or 221 ) or if it is shut down for reasons of fuel economy or emission avoidance, the associated engine clutch becomes 214 ( 224 ) opened, the electric machine 212 ( 222 ) from the battery 26 (or from the other drive group 22 respectively. 21 ) via the manifold 263 fed and gives about the closed gear coupling 25 ( 35 ) and the transmission 23 ( 33 ) mechanical drive power to the wheel units 3 of the vehicle 1 from.

In case of loss (or defect) of a complete drive group 21 (or 22 ) is still the power of the remaining drive group 22 (respectively. 21 ), ie combustion engine 221 ( 211 ) plus the loading capacity of the (at least one) centrally installed (here: arranged in the vehicle cabin) battery 26 to disposal.

To maintain a sufficient state of charge of the battery 26 can in a fourth variant (without queried drive power for the vehicle drive) of the internal combustion engine 211 ( 221 ) via the closed machine coupling 214 ( 224 ) the electric machine 212 ( 222 ) while the transmission clutch 215 ( 225 ) is open. In the same clutch states and the starting of the internal combustion engine takes place 211 ( 221 ) by the electric machine 212 ( 222 ) is used as a starter.

2 shows an embodiment of the invention, in which the drive system 2 a chain-driven hybrid vehicle 1 should have redundant drives.

Here are the wheel units 3 , in this case, for driving each of a chain drive 31 and 32 are designed with a common steering gear 33 (eg designed as a combined steering and powershift transmission) in conjunction. The steering gear 33 is mechanically on two separate drive shafts via the two transmission clutches 215 respectively. 225 and about the rotor shafts of the electric machines 212 respectively. 222 with the drive shafts of the internal combustion engines 211 and 221 connected. Here are the electric machines 212 and 222 by means of their two-sided couplings, machine couplings 214 respectively. 224 and gear couplings 215 respectively. 225 , optionally from the respective combustion engine 211 respectively. 221 and / or from the common steering gear 33 mechanically separable.

Electric are the electric machines 212 and 222 via one machine converter each 216 respectively. 226 to one for the respective drive group 21 respectively. 22 existing energy storage 26 , the separate batteries 261 and 262 , connected to provide further redundancy of the electric drive, starter and energy storage functions.

The control unit 27 fulfills the same basic functions as 1 described, however, is because of the equally redundant design of energy storage 26 as separate batteries 261 and 262 the control of a battery changeover switch 264 provided with the multivalent connections of the electric machines 212 and 222 and the batteries 261 and 262 with and among each other are possible.

• – die Elektromaschine 212 ist direkt mit der Elektromaschine 222 verbunden;
• – jede Elektromaschine 212 bzw. 222 ist mit einer der Batterien 261 oder 262 verbunden;
• – eine der Elektromaschinen 212 bzw. 222 ist mit den Batterien 261 und 262 verbunden;
• – eine Batterie 261 oder 262 ist mit beiden Elektromaschinen 212 und 222 verbunden;
• – beide Batterien 261 und 262 sind miteinander verbunden.

The following switching states can be selected individually or in combination:

• - the electric machine 212 is directly with the electric machine 222 connected;
• - every electric machine 212 respectively. 222 is with one of the batteries 261 or 262 connected;
• - one of the electric machines 212 respectively. 222 is with the batteries 261 and 262 connected;
• - a battery 261 or 262 is with both electric machines 212 and 222 connected;
• - both batteries 261 and 262 are connected.

This drive variant is characterized at least electrically redundant redundant by electric storage, generator and drive energies and mechanical drive energy in various ways in the steering gear 33 be initiated. For that are in the control unit 27 Advantageously, various fault scenarios and emission protection or energy saving measures stored preprogrammed as specific drive regimes, thus meaningful modes of operation of the drive system 2 conveniently from the driver of the vehicle 1 can be selected.

In 3 is a redundant drive system 2 for a railway train as a vehicle 1 shown schematically. Here, for example, very similar redundancy requirements as in the previous examples to meet, because each railcar 11 several drive groups 21 and 22 owns and several railcars 11 coupled to a trainset to each other, their individual combustion engines 211 . 221 . 231 etc. are temporarily switched off (eg when passing through tunnels), without the driving force of the respective wheelset shaft 34 fails and an additional intake of electrical energy should or can be done from the outside.

In railway multiple units with multiple railcars 11 There is also the option of one or more transmission clutches after the train has accelerated, depending on the route profile 215 . 225 . 235 etc. and then with the available power of the respective internal combustion engine 211 . 221 . 231 etc. the associated electrical machines 212 . 222 . 232 etc. to use only to power the train to consumers 4 (eg, air conditioners) or, if there is no need for electrical energy, some of the internal combustion engines 211 . 221 . 231 etc. shut down and with open machine couplings 214 . 224 . 234 etc. and closed gearbox clutches 215 . 225 . 235 etc. via the manifolds 263 to drive with electric drive or any of the electric machines 212 . 222 . 232 etc. for charging the batteries 261 . 262 etc. to use.

With sufficient size of the electrical energy storage 26 This can also be used to store braking energy and, if necessary, by feeding it into the electric machines 212 . 222 . 232 etc.) for subsequent acceleration operations. The of individual electric machines 212 . 222 . 232 etc. generated electrical energy can be from the control unit 27 also by means of the machine converters 216 . 226 . 236 etc. branched AC lines 266 by releasing an AC switch 265 directly to another (by switching off the internal combustion engine 211 . 221 . 231 etc. and disconnecting the machine clutch 214 . 224 . 234 etc.) passively connected drive group 21 . 22 or 23 etc. are supplied.

For example, the drive group 21 active via the combustion engine 211 powered and its electric machine 212 operated as a generator, the front of the associated machine converter 216 branched AC line 266 from the control unit 27 by means of the AC switch 265 for example, with the electric machine 222 or 232 a passive drive group 22 or 23 connected to the respective electric machine 222 or 232 to use as a supporting electric multiple unit when the internal combustion engine 221 respectively. 231 shut down and by means of the machine clutch 224 respectively. 234 separated from the mechanical drive train (disengaged).

This is the responsibility of the energy management of the control unit 27 as already above 1 described, of the existing types of energy (here: mechanical and electrical energy) primarily the electrical energy generated to convert as low loss, either by direct recycling or energy storage is supplied, and the internal combustion engines 211 . 221 . 231 etc. with regard to fuel consumption and environmental immission to operate sparingly.

1

vehicle

11

railcar

2

drive system

21

(first) drive group

211

combustion engine (the first drive group)

212

electric machine (the first drive group)

213

transmission (the first drive group)

214

machine coupling (Engine-electric machine)

215

transmission clutch (Electric machine Transmission)

216

Maschinenumrichter

22

(second) drive group

221

combustion engine (the second drive group)

222

electric machine (the second drive group)

223

transmission (the second drive group)

224

machine coupling

225

transmission clutch

226

Maschinenumrichter

23

(third) drive group

231

combustion engine

232

electric machine

233

transmission

26

(Electrical) energy storage

261 262

(Separate) batteries

263

manifold

264

battery switch

265

AC switch

266

AC line

27

control unit

271

control lines

3

wheel unit

31 32

chain drive

33

steering gear

34

axle

4

electrical consumer

QUOTES INCLUDE IN THE DESCRIPTION

This list The documents listed by the applicant have been automated generated and is solely for better information recorded by the reader. The list is not part of the German Patent or utility model application. The DPMA takes over no liability for any errors or omissions.

Cited patent literature

• EP 1564518 A1 [0006]
• WO 2002/47958 A2 [0007]
• - DE 19758789 B4 [0009]

Claims (13)

Redundant drive system for a hybrid vehicle, in which for driven wheel drive units ( 3 ) at least two prime movers ( 211 . 212 . 221 . 222 ; 231 . 232 ) of different energy conversion concepts, one of which is an electric machine ( 212 . 222 . 232 ), which at the same time fulfills the drive and generator function and with at least one energy store ( 26 ), characterized in that - the drive system ( 2 ) at least two separate drive groups ( 21 . 22 . 23 ) each having an independent mechanical drive train from internal combustion engine ( 211 . 221 . 231 ), Electric machine ( 212 . 222 . 232 ) and driven wheel drive unit ( 3 ), - in each drive group ( 21 . 22 . 23 ) between internal combustion engine ( 211 . 221 . 231 ) and driven wheel drive unit ( 3 ) an electric machine ( 212 . 222 . 232 ) is arranged with its rotor as a mechanical link in the mechanical drive train, and - between combustion engine ( 211 . 221 . 231 ) and electric machine ( 212 . 222 . 232 ) and between electric machine ( 212 . 222 . 232 ) and driven wheel drive unit ( 3 ) each a switchable coupling ( 214 . 224 . 234 ; 215 . 225 . 235 ) is arranged so that the electric machine ( 212 . 222 . 232 ) optionally from the mechanical drive train of the internal combustion engine ( 211 . 221 . 231 ) or by the driven wheel drive unit ( 3 ; 31 . 32 ) is separable. Arrangement according to claim 1, characterized in that the coupling ( 215 . 225 . 235 ) between electric machine ( 212 . 222 . 232 ) and wheel drive unit ( 3 ) in front of one of the wheel unit ( 3 ; 31 . 32 . 33 ) upstream transmission ( 213 . 223 . 233 ,) is arranged. Arrangement according to claim 1, characterized in that separate drive groups ( 21 . 22 . 23 ) in each case for wheel units arranged in pairs on different axes ( 3 ) or for different axles ( 34 ) of a vehicle are present. Arrangement according to claim 1, characterized in that two separate drive groups ( 21 . 22 ) for wheel units to be driven on different sides of a vehicle ( 3 ) each having a mechanical drive train from an internal combustion engine ( 211 . 221 . 231 ), Machine coupling ( 214 . 224 . 234 ), Electric machine ( 212 . 222 . 232 ) and transmission clutch ( 215 . 225 . 235 ) to a steering gear ( 33 ) for different sides of the vehicle ( 1 ) to be driven wheel units ( 31 . 32 ) are coupled. Arrangement according to claim 4, characterized in that on different sides of a vehicle ( 1 ) to be driven wheel units ( 3 ) preferably as chain drives ( 31 . 32 ) are formed by tracked vehicles. Arrangement according to claim 1, characterized in that the separate drive groups ( 21 . 22 ) via a manifold ( 263 ) to a common electrical energy store ( 26 ) are connected and thus electrically connected. Arrangement according to claim 1, characterized in that the separate drive groups ( 21 . 22 . 23 ) each own energy storage ( 261 . 262 ) via a controlled switch ( 264 ) are connectable. Arrangement according to claim 1, characterized in that a control unit ( 27 ) for selecting operating modes of the drive system ( 2 ), whereby both the operation or decommissioning of an entire propulsion group ( 21 . 22 . 23 ) as well as individual drive machines ( 211 . 221 . 231 ; 212 . 222 . 232 ) of a drive group ( 21 . 22 . 23 ), the separation and coupling of the drive trains and the electrical connection of the drive groups ( 21 . 22 . 23 ) is programmed in certain combinations depending on the desired operating mode. Arrangement according to claim 8, characterized in that the control unit ( 27 ) contains programmed automatic operating regimes for the selection of operating modes which contain defined modes of operation combined under aspects of energy saving, exhaust or noise emission or short-term or long-term mobility assurance. Arrangement according to claim 8, characterized in that the control unit ( 27 ) for the combined control of the operating modes of more than two drive groups ( 21 . 22 . 23 ) is provided. Arrangement according to claim 8, characterized in that the control unit ( 27 ) for controlling the electrical energy balance between the drive groups ( 21 . 22 . 23 ) is provided. Arrangement according to claim 11, characterized in that the control unit ( 27 ) for controlling the distribution of energy in separate energy stores ( 261 . 262 ) available electrical energy is provided. Arrangement according to claim 11, characterized in that the control unit ( 27 ) for controlling the distribution of electric machines ( 212 . 222 . 232 ) is provided in generator mode available electrical energy.