DE102007059280B4 - Solid fuel-oil-gas boilers Attachments - Google Patents

Abstract

Solid fuel oil-fired gas boiler attachments characterized in that the stem exhaust manifold (2) via the exhaust passage with control flap (12) with the wood, pellet combustion chambers (5) or with the incandescent combustion chamber (6) with the Boiler (1) is connected to the burner plate and with pivoting device (3) of the oil or gas burner with automatic air damper control (4) is mounted and that the boiler (1) on the flue pipe connection of the infinitely variable flue gas fan (7) with the Flue pipe damper (8) and the actuator with spring return (9) is installed and the control unit with vacuum regulator and safety shutdown (10) and the fuel automatic control (11) and the boiler circuit line with circulation pump (13) with the bimetal temperature controller (14) and the combustion supply damper (18) for alternative heating operation with oil, gas or pellets of renewable fuels is assembled to form an operating unit.

Description

State of the art

From the patent application AT 401 191 B a boiler is known for the two-stage combustion of wood or other fuels, comprising a primary and a secondary combustion chamber, comprising means for supplying the respective chambers with primary and secondary air, wherein the means for secondary air supply is disposed directly above the Primärver-combustion chamber and the two Combustion chambers separates from each other.

The burning of renewable fuels is the order of the day due to the high CO ₂ emission load and the finiteness of fossil fuels such as oil or gas.

It will be elaborate Pellet and wood chip plants for the burning of wood waste already However, valuable oil-fired or gas-fired boiler systems are installed for reasons of space expanded and scrapped.

It are then high investment costs for a completely new heating center with new chimney system required. Boiler plants have a running time from about 20-30 Years up. The premature removal of a functioning oil / gas plant thus destroys economic assets.

at current bottlenecks in the pellets, gas or oil supply or plant failures is the heat supply the building questioned.

description

To the oil or gas boiler ( 1 ), the stem exhaust collector ( 2 ) screwed instead of a normal burner plate and the oil or Gasgebläsebrenner with automatic damper control ( 4 ) so that the oil or gas flame burns out as before the changeover in the combustion chamber and the full boiler heat output is achieved.

The stem exhaust manifold ( 2 ) is via the exhaust duct with the control flap ( 12 ) with the double-walled pellet combustion chamber ( 5 ) or with the incandescent combustion chamber ( 6 ) connected. Via the secondary heating surface of the oil or gas boiler ( 1 ) the solid fuel off-gases are cooled from approx. 900 ° C to approx. 100 ° C.

To overcome the flue gas side resistances in the solid fuel oil-gas fired boiler ( 1 ) and in the stem exhaust collector ( 2 ) and in the exhaust duct with control flap ( 12 ) is in the flue gas connection of the boiler ( 1 ) the infinitely variable flue gas fan ( 7 ) with the smoke tube blocking flap ( 8th ) with the actuator with spring return ( 9 ) built-in.

In alternative combustion mode, the combustion air inlet flap ( 18 ) and in parallel combustion operation of the combustion air fan ( 24 ) to ensure good combustion in the wood or pellet combustion chamber ( 5 ) or in the incandescent combustion chamber ( 6 ).

About the control unit with vacuum regulator and safety shutdown ( 10 ), the system negative pressure is maintained in all operating conditions so that optimum combustion is ensured and that in parallel combustion, the system vacuum absolutely prevents the return of unburned oil or gas mist to the solid fuel plant parts.

When burning dry wood or pellets and light fuel oil EL and natural gas H, the following technical data are available: Wood dry Heating oil EL Natural gas H Dew point of the exhaust gases depending on the air ratio 45 ° 40 ° 50 ° combustion temperature 800 ° C 1200 ° C 1200 ° C ignition temperatures 200-300 ° C 245 ° C 650 ° C Smoke gas volume 4.8 m ³ / kg 11.8 m ³ / kg 10.9 m ³ CO2 max. 20% 15.50% 12.0% by volume air requirements 4.1 m ³ / kg 11.2 m ³ / kg 9.8 L min. calorific value 4,337 kWh 11,709 kWh 10.5 kWh

These Values are the theoretical values after the Recknagel pocketbook for heating and air conditioning, vintage 92/93, pages 146-183. The practice values are underneath.

These data show that with the oil or gas boiler ( 1 ) and the stem exhaust manifold ( 2 ), with incandescent combustion chamber ( 6 ) and implements can be realized even with the different fuel properties of the alternative operation as well as the parallel operation with the full boiler output.

At lower calorific value of renewable fuels z. B wood with approx. 4,337 kWh per kg compared to heating oil EL with 11,709 kWh per kg and the flue gas amount with wood of 4,8 m ³ / kg and with oil EL 11,8 m ³ / kg results in an increase of the flue gas volume of approx 20% for wood or pellets operation.

However, since the combustion temperature at 1,200 ° C in oil operation to 800 ° C in wood or pellet operation decreases, the exhaust gas temperature and thus the Δt of the secondary boiler heating surface is associated with a reduction in performance. However, this is due to the additional heating surface of the incandescent combustion chamber ( 6 ) or the wood pellet combustion chamber ( 5 ) and the higher flue gas velocity of the larger amount of flue gas in the oil or gas boiler ( 1 ), so that the required boiler heating capacity is achieved even in pure wood or pellet operation.

at parallel or alternative fuel operation will increase the performance of the individual fuels matched to the overall boiler output. Therefore the storage of renewable fuels 4 times the capacity compared to the Heating oil needed it is possible with this system, the fuel share to the local To coordinate circumstances.

The different properties such as calorific values, ignition temperatures and the exhaust gas mass flows and the Dew points and exhaust gas temperatures as well as those arising during combustion Allow flame temperatures an afterburn of the combustion of the renewable Fuels pollutants.

This is done via the glühischrohr with the separating plate ( 19 ) in the exhaust collector ( 2 ) in the form that the exhaust gases of solid fuels to the oil or gas burner flame with approx. 1200 ° C are led to the post-combustion.

The soot particles are already in the flue gas filter ( 22 ). The resulting pressure loss is via the infinitely variable flue gas fan ( 7 ) and the control unit with vacuum regulator and safety shutdown ( 10 ) so that there is no impairment of the combustion processes.

The Advantages of solid fuel oil-fired gas boiler attachments are across from the today usual boiler plants given that existing oil or gas boiler systems also during combustion of renewable fuels continue to be operated with oil or gas can be.

The boiler attachments required for the combustion of renewable fuels are purely ancillary equipment, with only the wood or pellet combustion chamber ( 5 ) or the incandescent combustion chamber ( 6 ) are needed without the otherwise required downstream heating surfaces.

There for storing solid fuels 4 times the space compared to heating oil is necessary, often enough the space available for fuel storage not from. The new system technology can reduce the percentage of solid fuel demand the local clear be adjusted.

There are no structural changes to the existing chimney or larger Heizzentra le conversions required. In the event of faults or difficulties in delivery or even at the current price of one fuel type, automatic switching to the other fuel is possible. With appropriate performance recording can be achieved with each of the proposed fuel types, a 100% boiler heating capacity, so that even then given a 100% reliability.

The The design of the boiler system depends on the design outside temperature set by, for example, -12 ° C, which is usually only reached in a few days. These deep Outside temperatures can then run with oil or gas operation.

So can the solid fuel oil-fired gas boiler attachments as optional equipment for the Burning of renewable fuels used depending on the design become.

In alternative mode

at a performance rating of 100% with oil or gas and 100% solid fuel pellet operation, wherein an automatic change of operation in case of failure of a fuel type possible is.

at a power rating of approximately 60% for solid fuel pellet operation can Approximately 80% of the annual work performance is provided by this.

In parallel operation

Becomes the total boiler output according to the local possibilities of fuel storage and operating cost reduction split.

EXAMPLE:

60% Performance by solid fuel pellets, 40% performance through oil or Gas operation. The advantage over The alternative operation is the afterburning of the solid fuel exhaust gases.

at Failure of the pellet incinerator can be the oil or gas blower burner be raised to a 2nd and 3rd power level, so that the heating supply even in severe cold guaranteed is.

at this power distribution can about 80% of the annual heat requirement be covered by renewable fuels.

Also Reducing the heating power of solid fuel oil-fired gas boiler attachments to 30% the max. Boiler heating power can about 50% of the annual energy demand due to renewable fuel pellets be covered.

1

Oil- or gas boiler

2

Stem Collector

3

burner plate with swivel device

4

Oil- or gas blower

5

Wood- or pellet combustion chamber

6

Mantles combustor

7

infinitely variable adjustable flue gas fan

8th

Flue pipe-blocking flap

9

servomotor with spring return

10

control unit with vacuum regulator and safety shutdown

11

Fuel-automatic control

12

exhaust duct with control flap

13

Boiler circulation line with circulation pump

14

Bimetallic thermostat

15

Oil- or gas heating torch

16

Incandescent body with Glührost

17

Rotary chamber cylinder with electric adjusting device

18

Combustion air inlet flap

19

Glühmischrohr with separating plate

20

Brennstoffeinfüllklappe with limit switch

21

Anheizbrenner exhaust pipe

22

Flue gas filters

23

Combustion air pipes with discharge nozzles

24

Combustion air fan

25

Installation body with Combustion air passages

26

Pellet hopper

27

Ash-collecting vessel

Claims (5)

Solid fuel oil gas fired boiler attachments, characterized in that the stem exhaust manifold ( 2 ) via the exhaust duct with control flap ( 12 ) with the wood, pellet combustion chambers ( 5 ) or with the incandescent combustion chamber ( 6 ) with the boiler ( 1 ) and at the burner plate with pivoting device ( 3 ) the oil or gas blower burner with automatic damper control ( 4 ) and that on the boiler ( 1 ) at the flue connection the continuously adjustable flue gas fan ( 7 ) with the smoke tube blocking flap ( 8th ) and the actuator with spring return ( 9 ) and the control unit with vacuum regulator and safety shutdown ( 10 ) and the fuel automatic control ( 11 ) and the boiler circuit line with circulation pump ( 13 ) with the bimetallic temperature controller ( 14 ) and the combustion air inlet flap ( 18 ) for alternative heating operation with oil, gas or pellets from renewable fuels to an operating unit is built together. Solid fuel oil-gas boiler attachments according to claim 1, characterized in that in the stem exhaust collector ( 2 ) the separating plate with Glühmischrohr ( 19 ) and that at the wood, pellet combustion chamber ( 5 ) or in the incandescent combustion chamber ( 6 ) the combustion air inlet flap ( 18 ) and the combustion air fan ( 24 ) is installed as supplementary equipment for post-combustion to reduce pollutants of solid fuel exhaust gases with simultaneous parallel heating of oil or gas and solid fuel pellets. Solid fuel oil-gas boiler attachments according to claim 1 u. 2, characterized in that the incandescent combustion chamber ( 6 ) of a double-walled combustion chamber body with fuel filler flap ( 20 ) and that the incandescent body with Glührost ( 16 ) with the oil or gas Anheizbrenner with automatic air damper ( 15 ) is connected so that a periodic annealing with expansion differences for solid fuel burning is achieved and that the exhaust gases via the Anheiz-burner exhaust pipe ( 21 ) to the stem exhaust manifold ( 2 ) and that the pellet feed and the ash discharge via the rotary chamber cylinder with electric adjusting device ( 17 ) and that the fuel automatic control ( 11 ) and that the incandescent combustion chamber ( 6 ) via the boiler circuit line with circulating pump ( 13 ) with the boiler ( 1 ) is assembled into an operating unit. Solid fuel oil-gas fired boiler attachments characterized in that in the exhaust duct with control flap ( 12 ) the flue gas filter ( 22 ) is installed so that the control unit with the vacuum regulator and the safety shutdown ( 10 ) automatically switches to oil or gas operation in case of filter contamination. Solid fuel oil-gas boiler attachments according to claim 1 u. 2 characterized in that the wood or pellet combustion chamber ( 5 ) or the incandescent combustion chamber ( 6 ) in several units in parallel to the exhaust duct with flap ( 12 ) are connected, so that with several smaller units, the entire boiler output is achieved.