DE102007058893A1 - Fibrous composite decomposition involves utilizing product consisting of fibrous composite, where product is shredded and is supplied to impact mill, particularly horizontal impact mill - Google Patents

Abstract

Fibrous composite decomposition involves utilizing a product consisting of fibrous composite. The product is shredded, and is supplied to an impact mill, particularly a horizontal impact mill. The impact products are mixed to obtain an additional energetic impact. The impact products are steel balls, copper balls, aluminum balls, rubber balls, plastic balls, glass balls, ceramic balls or impact products with other geometrical forms.

Description

The The present invention relates to a process for the digestion of Fiber composite materials, components in hybrid construction (metals plus Fiber composites), composites, etc., to individual material components to select from the fiber composite material and another Application / use to supply.

in the In the spirit of environmental thinking, more and more areas are being recycled accessible made. This is especially true for Such products, which are either very harmful to the environment or very valuable Include raw materials, for which is worth recovering. This applies z. For carbon fibers, which are available in CFRP products. For the recovery of carbon fibers CFK products do not yet have a known process.

One Component / housing Generally consists of fiber composites in different compositions its components. To add components / enclosures to other components If necessary, metallic products (pins, threads, Screws, brackets, handles, plates, etc.) poured or otherwise attached. It is also conceivable that components / housing made Bonded fiber composite materials with plastic components, welded, bolted, etc. will be. It is also conceivable that components / housing made Fiber composites coated or coated.

• 1.) Fertigung von Verbundbauteilen in Verbindung mit organischen und/oder anorganischen, ggf. hydraulisch erhärteten Bindemitteln, zu Innenverkleidungen von Fahrzeugen, Flugzeugen, Gehäusen begrenzter Dimensionen, Bauplatten, Bauteile in Klein- oder Großfertigung, Verschleißteile. 2.) Fertigung von Leichtbauabdeckungen – oder als Beimengungen zu Leichtbauabdeckungen. 3.) Fertigung von Fußbodenbelägen und Deckenbelägen. 4.) Zusatzstoff für leitfähige Lacke und Beschichtungen. 5.) Zuschlagstoff zur Fertigung neuer Gebrauchsgegenstände. 6.) Fertigung von Brandschutzprodukten. 7.) Energetische Verwendung.

The fibers and, if present, metallic or plastic-containing components should be freed from enclosing or adhering materials. The resulting after application of the process fiber components / plastic components / metal components to various industrial applications / uses are supplied:

• 1.) Production of composite components in conjunction with organic and / or inorganic, optionally hydraulically hardened binders, interior linings of vehicles, aircraft, housings of limited dimensions, construction panels, components in small or large-scale production, wearing parts. 2.) Production of lightweight covers - or as admixtures to lightweight covers. 3.) Production of floor coverings and ceiling coverings. 4.) additive for conductive coatings and coatings. 5.) Aggregate for the production of new commodities. 6.) Production of fire protection products. 7.) Energetic use.

In The application technology becomes the fiber raw material with other raw materials (Binders, resins, meshes, plastics, metals, ceramics, Rubber, textiles, etc.) brought together (by gluing, hydraulic Pressure, potting, welding, Screwing, weaving, etc.), making fiber composite products arise with defined physical properties.

These Fiber composite products find their primary application in aircraft construction, in the industry, the automobile industry, the shipbuilding, in the sport / leisure area and in other fields of application.

The Recycling of production waste, residues, discarded components and assemblies, etc. today makes a special great Problem dar. In the waste are often valuable Contain raw materials that are recovered in a corresponding recycling should be. This is especially true for waste / composite products, the Fiber products include. Above all, the recovery of carbon fiber desirable.

Of the The present invention is based on the object, a method the o. g. To develop type, by means of which the fiber fraction any fiber composite product, in particular from A CFRP product can be separated so that a reuse the carbon fiber or their environmentally sound disposal is possible.

The Novelty of the fiber composite materials recycling process exists Among other things, that in contrast to previously known digestion techniques, where to break up Products are brought to impact only with themselves (by impact mills) or by impact energy from hammers be applied (using hammer mills), now the aufzuschließenden fiber composite products a specifically selected one Impact product (steel balls, copper balls, aluminum balls, rubber balls, Plastic balls, glass balls, ceramic balls, etc. or impact products with other geometric shapes) are added by an additional energetic admission to achieve the desired digestion achieved becomes. Only after the successful digestion of the fiber composite materials product is a classification and separation possible.

to solution performs this task, that the fiber composite materials products of a particular mechanical (physical) treatment will be fed to the objective to reach.

process Description

In a material bunker (M1) the prefabricated fiber composite materials products are kept. About a conveyor (F1) or by a material feeder this then fed to a pre-shredding device (VZ). This is preferably done in a two-step process. In the pre-comminution stage 1 (VZ 1), the feed material is comminuted to a predetermined size (preferably with a two-shaft rotary shear) to allow efficient further comminution in the subsequent step. About a conveyor (F2), the pre-shredded feed material of the pre-shredding stage 2 is supplied. In the pre-comminution stage 2 (VZ 2), the pre-comminuted feed material is further comminuted (preferably with a single-shaft impact shears) in order to have the intended clothing size for the subsequent step.

Please note!

• In crushing processes dusts and particles are released, which possibly serious damage to health can bring about. It is therefore essential the crushing steps separately with safe dedusting systems to encapsulate. Also the crossing points of conveyor systems are to be encapsulated and connected to a dedusting system.

ever on the type of composition of the fiber composite materials product (For example, percentage of carbon fiber to the resin content or the Thickness), Pre-shredding takes place to a specific part size.

At the Presence of metals in the input material is to be decided whether they are after the pre-comminution stage 2 or after the metering device (DS 2) are discarded.

The Pre-shredded fiber composite materials products are now available via a Conveyor (F3) fed directly to a metering device (DS 1).

Parallel For this purpose, in a material bunker (M2) the specifically selected baffle product maintained.

It exist basically two possibilities a feeder the possible Impact products in the process.

The first option is that the specifically selected impact product and the Fiber composite materials products each quantitatively parallel to the Material disruption device (MA) supplies.

The second option is that the specifically selected impact product with the Fiber composite materials products a blender feed mixes and then in a storage container for the Feed into the material disruption device (MA) ready.

Out establish For process optimization, the possibility of parallel feeding is preferred here.

The Pre-shredded fiber composite materials products are now off the dosing device (DS 1) and the specifically selected baffle product is now from the material bunker (M2) in parallel on the conveyor (F4) and the Conveyor (F5) of the material disruption device (MA), preferably one Horizontal impact mill or a vortex dehydration plant fed. It creates a mixture (CF, GF, resin, plastic, metals, etc.) and the impact product. The material disruption device (MA) is equipped with a dedusting device (ES) coupled, which generates a negative pressure.

The resulting mixture is now over the conveyor (F6) of the dosing device (DS 2) supplied by a product-related controlled material supply to enable in the classification process.

About the Conveyor (F7) is the mixture including the baffle product of a classification (K1) supplied first to weed out the baffle product. This is preferably done via a screening device. But it is also conceivable that other methods already in the Materialaustragsbereich the Material disruption device (MA) or the conveyor (F6) is used (eg air separation techniques, magnetic discharge, etc.).

The Discarded impact product is returned via the conveyor (F8) fed to the material bunker (M2).

The Mixture is optionally over the conveyor (F8) fed directly to the separation device (S) or a further classification (K2) over the conveyor (F9) supplied if necessary, to discard plastic fabric parts, textile inserts, etc. Thereafter, a feeder takes place the plastic fabric parts, textile inserts, etc. via the conveyor (F10) to the material bunker (M5) and the mixture over the conveyor (F11) to the separation device (S).

Now, the separation, that is, the recovery of the carbon fiber fraction is preferably carried out via an electrostatic precipitator by making use of the electrical conductivity of the carbon fiber. However, it is also conceivable that one brings about a separation of the carbon fiber fraction on the density or that by means of the use of wet process forth a separation is added. The carbon fiber material is fed to the material bunker (M3) via the conveyor (F12). The residue mixture is fed via the conveyor (F13) to the material bunker (M4).

Claims (3)

Process for the decomposition of fiber composite materials, characterized in that a product consisting of a fiber composite material is pre-shredded and then an impact mill, preferably a horizontal impact mill, is supplied. (Comminuter / disruption process) Method according to claim 1, characterized in that specifically selected baffle products for the crushing / digestion process (Steel balls, copper balls, aluminum balls, rubber balls, plastic balls, Glass balls, ceramic balls, etc. or impact products with others geometric forms) are added to an additional energetic To obtain admission. Method according to claim 2, characterized in that that the addition of the specifically selected impact products in vote to the properties of the fiber composite material to be treated Products done.