DE102007052260A1 - Pressure increasing device for use in internal combustion engine of motor vehicle, has separating wall for heating and/or cooling medium partially penetrating between inlet collecting space and pressure resistant container - Google Patents

Abstract

The device has a pressure resistant container (1) forming a part of a heat exchanger. An outer surface of the exchanger is connected to a heating and/or cooling medium (3) that is arranged in housing (5). Inlet and outlet openings (8, 11) and an inlet collecting space (9) are provided for the heating and/or cooling medium. A separating wall (7) for the heating and/or cooling medium partially penetrates between the space and the container such that heat exchange is achieved between the heating and/or cooling medium and an outer surface of the container by cooling and/or heating baffle.

Description

The The invention relates to a pressure increasing device for Hydrogen, which consists at least of a pressure-resistant vessel, the one with heat supply and removal cyclically hydrogen contains absorbent or absorbent material, in particular a Hydride-forming metal alloy, according to the preamble of the first Claim.

It is already known, such as sorption hydride compressor said pressure increasing means, at least to the proportionate Supply of hydrogen, one in a combustion chamber gaseous In particular, to use fuel burning consumer an internal combustion engine of a motor vehicle. This can be the high pressure side of the sorption hydride compressor via a connection device be connected to the combustion chamber of the consumer and the low pressure side with a hydrogen storage, in particular a cryotank. Of the Sorption hydride compressor increases at least in front of the combustion chamber the pressure of the gaseous hydrogen at least temporarily so that the gaseous hydrogen taking advantage of a Pressure gradient flows into the combustion chamber.

A Sorptionshydridkompressor comprises at least one pressure-resistant vessel containing a cyclically hydrogen under heat supply or removal substance, in particular a hydride-forming metal alloy, wherein the substance is acted upon by heat removal and hydrogen supply under a lower gas pressure with hydrogen and by supplying heat is initiated to release hydrogen under a higher gas pressure, cyclically changing at least a portion of the hydrogen absorbing substance is acted upon by a heat exchange process at a higher temperature. The DE 10 2004 062 155 describes such a Sorptionshydridkompressor.

However, the prior art sorption hydride compressors, when integrated into a vehicle powered by a hydrogen internal combustion engine, have the following disadvantages:
To the operational mass of a Sorptionshydridkompressors are included in the integration into a vehicle other non-negligible mass contributions through valves, pumps, heat exchangers and wiring, with which the heating and cooling medium flows are conducted in intermediate circuits, and the hydrogen supply and removal is controlled. As a result of these contributions to the mass required for operation, the power density of the sorption hydride compressor is reduced overall.

The inner heat exchanger tubes of a sorption hydride compressor are arranged either in the hydride filled pressure vessel and flows through the heat-carrying medium (internally tempered Sorptionshydridkompressor) or even filled with hydride and within a flow-carrying vessel arranged and flows around the medium (outside tempered Sorptionshydridkompressor). The heat exchanger tubes after The prior art are always with a circular Cross section designed. This circular shape is the heat in the sorption hydride compressor over an expanded spectrum of path lengths within the hydride. Individual hydride elements are close to the exchange surface of the heat exchanger while others in comparison far away. So there is no optimized compromise in the Sorptionshydridkompressorgestaltung, which is characterized by predominantly near-wall hydride features that are within a very short cycle time can be reached thermally, writable by the thermal penetration depth. The state of the art is therefore a large number of heat exchanger tubes required the design and mass of a sorption hydride compressor dominate.

Leading heat Media are by means of baffles through the sorption of the outside temperature Pressure vessel, sometimes referred to as a reactor, in a way that changes the direction of flow several times guided. This allows the period of time in which the heating medium in the pressure reactor is exchanged for the cooling medium, or vice versa, that is, the media change time, with a total of short cycle times no longer be neglected. He reduces the time averaged, steady-state flow rate of the sorption hydride compressor. simultaneously is due to the imposed, extended distance, the stream of media in the sorption bed at the same time constricted hydraulically effective flow cross-section covers, increases the pump power to transport the medium, respectively is the required pressure drop for transporting the medium increased by the reactor, creating a disadvantageous Retroactivity to the entire vehicle arises, for example when using exhaust gas as the heating medium. Here is the increased Flow resistance in the exhaust system in a reduced Burner.

It It is an object of the invention to provide a sorption-hydride compressor, in which the above disadvantages are avoided.

The Task is solved by the features of the first claim. Preferred embodiments of the invention describe the dependent Claims.

According to the invention, there is a Sorptionshydridkompressor, that is, a pressure booster for hydrogen, at least from a pressure-resistant vessel, which under heat or -Discharge cyclically hydrogen-containing or absorbing substance, in particular a hydride-forming metal alloy. By heat removal and hydrogen supply, the substance is acted upon under lower gas pressure with hydrogen and caused by heat to hydrogen delivery under higher gas pressure, cyclically changing at least a portion of the hydrogen absorbing material is acted upon by a heat exchange process with a higher temperature.

The Invention is characterized in that the pressure-resistant vessel a Part of a heat exchanger forms the outer Surface through a heating and / or cooling medium can be acted upon and in one for the heating and / or Coolant sealed housing with at least one Inlet, a drain opening and a Zulaufsammelraum for the heating and / or cooling medium is arranged so that it with one for the heating and / or cooling medium partially permeable partition between inlet collecting chamber and pressure-resistant Vessel cooperates so that the heat exchange between the heating and / or cooling medium and the outer Surface of the pressure-resistant vessel through Impact cooling or impact heating is achieved.

The has the advantage that a mass reduced Sorptionshydridkompressor to increase the pressure, in which by a large Heat exchanger surface low cycle times can be realized with low thermal Penetration depths go along.

In an advantageous embodiment of the invention is the Sorption hydride compressor for pressure increase for Hydrogen characterized in that the pressure-resistant vessel made parallel, with at least one of its ends in at least a hydrogen plenum opening tubes which form a tube bundle and are arranged so that they are in the tight enclosure with a drainage collection room for the heating and / or cooling medium and one for this partially permeable partition between drainage chamber and tube bundle so zusammenwir ken that the heat exchange between the heating and / or cooling medium and the pipes through Impact cooling or impact heating is achieved.

at a further, alternative embodiment of the invention is the Sorptionshydridkompressor for pressure increase for Characterized in that the pressure-resistant vessel has a cylindrical, star-shaped outer and outer folded outer sheath owns and that the Zulaufsammelraum and the partially permeable Partition the pressure-resistant vessel completely surround.

These Embodiment of the invention can thereby advantageously be further developed that in the Sorptionshydridkompressor for Pressure increase, the heating and / or cooling medium from the inlet collecting space forth in the radial direction, the lateral surface of the pressure-resistant Vessel acts and this in the axial direction leaves. Furthermore, the pressure-resistant vessel in a flow channel of the heating and / or cooling medium be installed.

On the other hand can the first embodiment of the invention thereby characterized in that the partition has first perforations through the heating and / or cooling medium on the individual tubes of the Tube bundle, directed transversely to its longitudinal axis, from the inlet collecting chamber into a heat exchange chamber with the tube bundle is guided and that the heating and / or cooling medium over second, the first opposite, perforations across to the longitudinal axis of the tube bundle out of the heat exchange space is led into the drainage collection room. It can Advantageously, the perforations in the partition over their size and / or their number and / or theirs Position so influence the heat exchange that in all Pipes in the heat exchange chamber in terms of time and heat essentially the same heat exchange process takes place.

A structurally advantageous design is achieved when the partition a cylinder jacket forms in its circular interior the tubes of the tube bundle are arranged.

there The tubes can become a base of the cylinder jacket be open for the hydrogen exchange, or else the tubes are at both base surfaces of the cylinder jacket open for hydrogen exchange or the pipes are U-shaped bent and in particular both tube openings of a pipe are at a base of the cylinder jacket towards the hydrogen exchange open.

Further, advantageous embodiments of the invention are characterized characterized in that the pressure-resistant vessel a thin-walled, in particular drawn or rolled or extruded, semifinished product is made so that the local Thickness of a hydride accumulation, in the direction of flow of the heating and / or cooling medium, to not more than double the thermal penetration depth is limited, or that the hydride, in the direction of flow of the heating and / or cooling medium seen nowhere further than the thermal penetration depth of the Inner wall of the pressure-resistant vessel is removed.

In an advantageous application of the invention, the sorption hydride compressor is used as a pressure increasing device for a fuel supply device, at least for the proportionate supply of a gas in a combustion chamber gen fuel burning consumer with hydrogen, in particular an internal combustion engine of a motor vehicle.

Two Preferred embodiments of the invention are in the following description and the accompanying drawings shown in more detail. Show it:

1 FIG. 3: a cross-section of a first embodiment of a sorption-hydride compressor according to the invention as a pressure-increasing device, and FIG

2 : A second embodiment of a Sorptionshydridkompressors invention as pressure increasing device in longitudinal section and cross section.

1 shows a Sorptionshydridkompressor for a pressure booster for hydrogen, which consists of a pressure-resistant vessel 1 consists of a cyclic hydrogen de-absorbing or absorbing under Wärmezu- or removal 2 contains, in particular a hydride-forming metal alloy, for use for a fuel supply device, at least for the proportionate supply of a consumer burning in a combustion chamber gaseous fuel with hydrogen, in particular an internal combustion engine of a motor vehicle. The pressure-resistant vessel 1 consists of parallel running, with at least one of their ends in at least one not shown collecting chamber opening pipes 4 which form a tube bundle and are arranged to be in the sealed housing 5 with a feed collection room 9 for a heating and cooling medium 3 and one for this partially permeable partition 7 , between inlet collecting space 9 and tube bundles, so cooperate that the heat exchange between the heating and cooling medium 3 and the pipes 4 is achieved by impingement cooling or impact heating. The fabric 2 is thus acted upon by heat removal and hydrogen supply under a lower gas pressure with hydrogen and caused by heat to hydrogen delivery under higher gas pressure, including cyclically changing the hydrogen absorbing material 2 is subjected to a higher temperature by the heat exchange process by the heating and cooling medium 3 in the tight housing 5 via an inlet opening 8th and the inlet collection room 9 through the partially permeable partition 7 between inlet collecting space 9 and pressure-resistant vessel 1 is initiated. The heating and cooling medium is derived 3 from the tight housing 5 via another partially permeable partition 10 and the drainage room 6 through a drain opening 11 in a tight housing 5 , The partition 7 and the other partition 10 form a cylinder jacket in the circular interior of the tubes 4 of the tube bundle are arranged.

The partition 7 has first perforations 14 through which the heating and cooling medium 3 on the individual pipes 4 of the tube bundle, directed transversely to its longitudinal axis, from the inlet collecting space 9 in a heat exchange room 15 is guided with the tube bundle. The heating and cooling medium 3 is about second, the first perforations 14 opposite, perforations 16 transverse to the longitudinal axis of the tube bundle from the heat exchange space 15 out into the drainage room 6 guided. The first and second perforations 14 . 16 in the partition 7 and the other partition 10 affect the heat exchange over their size and their number and their location so that in all pipes 4 takes place in the heat exchange space in time and heat quantity substantially the same heat exchange process.

To allow hydrogen exchange, the pipes are 4 towards one or both bases of the cylinder jacket open (not shown). They may be bent in a U-shape, wherein in particular both tube openings of a tube are open to the same base surface of the cylinder jacket for the hydrogen exchange.

By this first embodiment, the flow of heating and cooling medium can be 3 specifically lead to the areas of increased heat exchange demand in the sorption. The degree of turbulence of the flow and thus the heat transfer between heating and cooling medium 3 and pressure-resistant vessel 1 is increased, while reducing the required for heating and Kühlmedienför tion pump power, or the flow time or media change time.

In 2 the same reference numbers and terms are used for the same components or components having the same function as in 1 , The second embodiment of the Sorptionshydridkompressors the pressure increasing device for hydrogen is characterized in that the pressure-resistant vessel 1 a cylindrical, star-shaped folded in and out outer sheath 12 owns and that the Zulaufsammelraum 9 and the partially permeable partition 7 the pressure-resistant vessel 1 completely surrounded.

The heating and cooling medium 3 charged from the inlet collecting space 9 forth in the radial direction, the lateral surface of the outer shell 12 of the pressure-resistant vessel 1 by impingement cooling or impingement heating and leaves this in the axial direction. This is the pressure-resistant vessel 1 in a flow channel 13 for the heating and cooling medium 3 built in, the tight housing 5 forms. Furthermore, the enclosed interior of the star-shaped folded, outside temperature-controlled heat exchanger with hydride filling, in the middle of a sintered metal tube filter 18 and a hydrogen supply or discharge line 17 , The outdoor heating and cooling medium 3 is fed radially to the impingement cooling or impact heating and axially through openings 19 in one of the front plates 20 dissipated.

In both embodiments, the pressure-resistant vessel 1 made of a thin-walled, in particular drawn, rolled or extruded extruded, semi-finished so that the local thickness of a hydride, in the direction of flow of the heating and cooling medium 3 seen, is limited to not more than twice the thermal penetration, or that the hydride, seen in the direction of flow of the heating and / or cooling medium, nowhere as the thermal penetration depth of the inner wall of the pressure-resistant vessel is removed.

By the proposed measures will be the mass and the Reduces the volume of the sorption hydride compressor and leaves it comparatively low-cost manufacturing processes of sheet metal or pipe semi-finished and, for example, in the exhaust system integrate a hydrogen powered vehicle. Liquid-operated DC link for heating and cooling the sorption hydride compressor with associated further heat exchangers omitted, whereby the delivery dynamics of the Sorptionshydridkompressors increases.

QUOTES INCLUDE IN THE DESCRIPTION

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Cited patent literature

• - DE 102004062155 [0003]

Claims (14)

Pressure increasing device for hydrogen, at least from a pressure-resistant vessel ( 1 ) which cyclically de-absorbs or absorbs hydrogen during heat supply or removal ( 2 ), in particular a hydride-forming metal alloy, wherein the substance ( 2 ) is caused by heat removal and hydrogen supply under a lower gas pressure with hydrogen and is caused by heat supply to the hydrogen release under higher gas pressure, including cyclically changing at least a portion of the hydrogen absorbing material ( 2 ) is acted upon by a heat exchange process at a higher temperature, characterized in that the pressure-resistant vessel ( 1 ) forms part of a heat exchanger whose outer surface is covered by a heating and / or cooling medium ( 3 ) can be acted upon and in a for the heating and / or cooling medium ( 3 ) tight housing ( 5 ) with at least one additional 8th ), a drain opening ( 11 ) and a feed collection room ( 9 ) for the heating and / or cooling medium ( 3 ) is arranged so that it with one for the heating and / or cooling medium ( 3 ) partially permeable partition ( 7 ) between inlet collecting space ( 9 ) and pressure-resistant vessel ( 1 ) cooperates so that the heat exchange between the heating and / or cooling medium ( 3 ) and the outer surface of the pressure-resistant vessel ( 1 ) is achieved by impingement cooling or impact heating. Pressure increasing device for hydrogen according to claim 1, characterized in that the pressure-resistant vessel ( 1 ) from parallel running, at least one of its ends in at least one hydrogen collecting space opening pipes ( 4 ), which form a tube bundle and are arranged so that they in the sealed housing ( 5 ) with a drainage collection room ( 6 ) for the heating and / or cooling medium ( 3 ) and one for this partially permeable further partition ( 10 ) between the collection room ( 6 ) and tube bundles so that the heat exchange between the heating and / or cooling medium ( 3 ) and the pipes ( 4 ) is achieved by impingement cooling or impact heating. Pressure increasing device for hydrogen according to claim 1, characterized in that the pressure-resistant vessel ( 1 ) a cylindrical, radially inwardly and outwardly folded outer jacket ( 12 ) and that the inlet collecting space ( 9 ) and the partially permeable partition ( 7 ) the pressure-resistant vessel ( 1 completely surrounded. Pressure increasing device for hydrogen according to claim 1 or 3, characterized in that the heating and / or cooling medium ( 3 ) from the inlet collecting space ( 9 ) ago in the radial direction, the lateral surface of the pressure-resistant vessel ( 1 ) and leaves this in the axial direction. Pressure increasing device according to one of claims 1 or 3 to 4, characterized in that the pressure-resistant vessel ( 1 ) in a flow channel ( 13 ) of the heating and / or cooling medium ( 3 ) is installed. Pressure increasing device according to claim 2, characterized in that the partition wall ( 7 ) first perforations ( 14 ), through which the heating and / or cooling medium ( 3 ) on the individual tubes ( 4 ) of the tube bundle, directed transversely to its longitudinal axis, from the inlet collecting space ( 9 ) in a heat exchange space ( 15 ) is guided with the tube bundle and that the heating and / or cooling medium ( 3 ) about second, the first ( 14 ) opposite, perforations ( 16 ) transverse to the longitudinal axis of the tube bundle from the heat exchange space ( 15 ) out into the drainage collection room ( 6 ) to be led. Pressure increasing device according to claim 2 or 6, characterized in that the perforations ( 14 . 16 ) in the partition ( 7 . 10 ) influence the heat exchange via their size and / or their number and / or their position in such a way that in all pipes ( 4 ) in the heat exchange space ( 15 ) takes place in terms of time and heat amount substantially the same heat exchange process. Pressure increasing device according to one of claims 2 or 6 to 7, characterized in that the partition wall ( 7 . 10 ) forms a cylinder jacket in the circular interior of the tubes ( 4 ) of the tube bundle are arranged. Pressure increasing device according to one of claims 2 or 6 to 8, characterized in that the tubes ( 4 ) are open to a base of the cylinder jacket for hydrogen exchange. Pressure increasing device according to one of claims 2 or 6 to 8, characterized in that the tubes ( 4 ) are open to both base surfaces of the cylinder jacket for the hydrogen exchange. Pressure increasing device according to one of claims 2 or 6 to 8, characterized in that the tubes ( 4 ) Are bent U-shaped and that in particular both tube openings of a tube ( 4 ) are open to a base of the cylinder jacket for hydrogen exchange. Pressure increasing device according to one of claims 1 to 11, characterized in that the pressure-resistant vessel ( 1 ) is made of a thin-walled, in particular drawn or rolled or extruded extruded, semi-finished so that the local thickness of a hydride accumulation, in the direction of flow of the heating and / or cooling medium ( 3 ) is limited to not more than twice the thermal penetration. Pressure increasing device according to one of claims 1 to 11, characterized in that the pressure-resistant vessel ( 1 ) is produced from a thin-walled, in particular drawn or rolled or extruded extruded semifinished product such that the hydride, in the direction of flow of the heating and / or cooling medium ( 3 ), nowhere further than the thermal penetration depth of the inner wall of the pressure-resistant vessel ( 1 ) is removed. Pressure increasing device according to one of the claims 1 to 13, characterized for use for a fuel supply device, at least for the proportionate supply of a gaseous in a combustion chamber Fuel burning consumer with hydrogen, in particular an internal combustion engine of a motor vehicle.