DE102007048749A1 - Thermal generator for direct conversion of thermal energy into electrical energy, has linear structures integrated into substrates and made from thermoelectric material e.g. germanium, with high electrical and thermal conductivity - Google Patents
Thermal generator for direct conversion of thermal energy into electrical energy, has linear structures integrated into substrates and made from thermoelectric material e.g. germanium, with high electrical and thermal conductivity Download PDFInfo
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- DE102007048749A1 DE102007048749A1 DE102007048749A DE102007048749A DE102007048749A1 DE 102007048749 A1 DE102007048749 A1 DE 102007048749A1 DE 102007048749 A DE102007048749 A DE 102007048749A DE 102007048749 A DE102007048749 A DE 102007048749A DE 102007048749 A1 DE102007048749 A1 DE 102007048749A1
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- thermogenerator
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10N—ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10N10/00—Thermoelectric devices comprising a junction of dissimilar materials, i.e. devices exhibiting Seebeck or Peltier effects
- H10N10/01—Manufacture or treatment
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10N—ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10N10/00—Thermoelectric devices comprising a junction of dissimilar materials, i.e. devices exhibiting Seebeck or Peltier effects
- H10N10/10—Thermoelectric devices comprising a junction of dissimilar materials, i.e. devices exhibiting Seebeck or Peltier effects operating with only the Peltier or Seebeck effects
- H10N10/17—Thermoelectric devices comprising a junction of dissimilar materials, i.e. devices exhibiting Seebeck or Peltier effects operating with only the Peltier or Seebeck effects characterised by the structure or configuration of the cell or thermocouple forming the device
Abstract
Description
Die Erfindung betrifft einen Thermogenerator, dessen Stromausbreitung in Material von Sub-Mikrometerdicke, insbesondere Nanometerdicke, geführt wird.The The invention relates to a thermal generator whose current propagation in material of sub-micron thickness, in particular nanometer thickness, to be led.
Sind zwei verschiedenartige Leiter oder Halbleiter an ihren Enden miteinander verbunden und die Enden auf verschiedene Temperaturen gebracht, so lässt sich im Stromkreis eine Spannung bzw. ein Stromfluss feststellen. Im Fall von metallischen Anordnungen sind diese als Thermoelemente bekannt. Werden sowohl Strom und Spannung ausgenutzt, so liegt der Fall eines Thermogenerators vor. In diesem Fall werden technisch meist Halbleiter eingesetzt.are two different conductors or semiconductors at their ends connected and the ends brought to different temperatures, This allows a voltage or current flow in the circuit determine. In the case of metallic arrangements these are as Thermocouples known. If both current and voltage are used, this is the case of a thermogenerator. In this case will be technically mostly semiconductors used.
Der Gütewert eines Thermogenerators wird allgemein mit ZT bezeichnet, ZT = S2 σ T/κ, (S Seebeck-Koeffizient, σ elektrische Leitfähigkeit, T Temperatur, κ thermische Leitfähigkeit). Bei üblich eingesetzten Materialien und Geometrien liegt der ZT Wert bei 0.6 oder darunter [1]. Der ZT Wert entspricht dem Wirkungsgrad.The quality value of a thermal generator is generally designated ZT, ZT = S 2 σ T / κ, (S Seebeck coefficient, σ electrical conductivity, T temperature, κ thermal conductivity). For commonly used materials and geometries, the ZT value is 0.6 or less [1]. The ZT value corresponds to the efficiency.
Aus der Theorie [2, 3] ist bekannt, dass durch Übergang von der makroskopischen zur mikroskopischen Bauform der ZT-Wert mit abnehmender Dicke der Schenkel des Generators sich erhöht. Dies gilt für Nanoschichten und noch viel deutlicher für Nanodrähte. Aufgrund dieser Erkenntnis wurden Nanodrähte als Grundmaterial für Thermogeneratoren eingesetzt [2, 3]. In der Literatur werden Beispiele angegeben, in denen Bi-Verbindungen als Nanodrähte untersucht wurden. In der Regel wurden diese in die Poren einer Al2O3 Form gegossen [4]. Varianten der Herstellung sind die LIGA-Technik [5] und Befüllen von Nanoporen in einer Substratschicht [6].From the theory [2, 3] it is known that by transition from the macroscopic to the microscopic design, the ZT value increases with decreasing thickness of the legs of the generator. This is true for nanosheets and much more so for nanowires. Based on this finding, nanowires were used as the base material for thermal generators [2, 3]. In the literature examples are given in which Bi compounds were investigated as nanowires. As a rule, these were poured into the pores of an Al 2 O 3 mold [4]. Variants of the production are the LIGA technique [5] and filling of nanopores in a substrate layer [6].
Die bisherigen Lösungen der Herstellung bringen auch einige Nachteile mit sich. Die Herstellung über Porenbefüllung bedingt eine nur enge Auswahl an Trägermaterialien. Dieses Trägermaterial muß aber eine geringe thermische Leitfähigkeit haben. Es ist ein generelles Problem, die einzelnen erzeugten Nanodrähte zu handhaben. Auch das Abscheideverfahren ist nicht immer einfach. Angewandt wurden z. B. elektrochemische Abscheidung auf Al2O3.The previous solutions of the production also bring some disadvantages. The production via pore filling requires only a narrow selection of support materials. However, this carrier material must have a low thermal conductivity. It is a general problem to handle the individual nanowires generated. The separation process is not always easy either. Applied z. B. electrochemical deposition on Al 2 O 3 .
Ausgehend von diesem Stand der Technik liegt der Erfindung die Aufgabe zugrunde, einen kostengünstig und präzise zu fertigenden Thermogenerator zur Verfügung zu stellen sowie ein Verfahren zu dessen Herstellung.outgoing From this prior art, the invention is based on the object a cost-effective and precise to manufacture Thermogenerator provide as well as a method for its production.
Zur Lösung dieser Aufgabe wird ein Thermogenerator zur Direktumwandlung von thermischer in elektrische Energie vorgeschlagen, bestehend aus einem Substrat aus thermisch und elektrisch schlecht leitendem Material (oder nicht leitendem Material) und darauf befindlichen integrierten linienförmigen Strukturen aus thermoelektrischem Material mit hoher elektrischer Leitfähigkeit.to The solution to this problem is a thermogenerator for direct conversion from thermal to electrical energy proposed, consisting from a substrate of thermally and electrically poorly conductive Material (or non-conductive material) and located on it integrated linear structures made of thermoelectric Material with high electrical conductivity.
Vorteilhafte Weiterbildungen sind in den Ansprüchen 2 bis 11 angegeben. Ein Verfahren zur Herstellung eines solchen Thermogenerators ist in den Ansprüchen 12 bis 27 angegeben.advantageous Further developments are specified in claims 2 to 11. A method for producing such a thermal generator is in claims 12 to 27.
Ausführungsbeispiele der Erfindung sind in der Zeichnung dargestellt und im Folgenden näher beschrieben.embodiments The invention are illustrated in the drawing and in the following described in more detail.
Es zeigt:It shows:
Bild 1 die exemplarische Ausbildung eines erfindungsgemäßen Thermogenerators;image 1 the exemplary embodiment of an inventive Thermal generator;
Bild 2 die Verdeutlichung einer vorzugsweise vorgesehenen verfahrenstechnischen Ausbildung;image 2 the clarification of a preferably provided procedural Education;
Bild 3 eine alternative Ausbildung eines Thermogenerators in schematischer Ansicht;image 3 an alternative embodiment of a thermal generator in a schematic View;
Bild 4 die Ausbildung von linienförmigen Strukturen auf einem Substrat.image 4 the formation of linear structures on a Substrate.
In
Bild 1 ist die Anordnung von zwei Substraten
In
Bild 2 ist eine Herstellungsweise erläutert. Hierbei werden
senkrecht zu einem vorzugsweise rechteckigen Substrat
Zwei
entsprechend mit Streifen
Bei der Abscheidung können zwei oder mehr Materialien in Form von aufeinander liegenden Streifen oder auch gleichzeitig abgeschieden werden, so dass bei Vorliegen von stöchiometrischen oder zur Dotierung notwendigen Mengenverhältnissen durch Hochtemperaturanwendung und gegenseitige Reaktion geeignete p- oder n-leitende Thermogeneratorschenkel gebildet werden können.at The deposition can be two or more materials in the form separated from one another or even simultaneously be so in the presence of stoichiometric or for doping necessary proportions by high temperature application and mutual reaction suitable p- or n-type thermogenerator legs can be formed.
In
anderer Verfahrensweise kann ein mit einer dünnen Schicht
versehenes undotiertes Substrat streifenförmig mit p- oder
n-Dotiergut bestrichen werden. Zum Beispiel kann das Substrat mit
einer Beschichtung mit intrinsischem amorphen Silizium beschichtet
werden, welches mit Streifen
Bei
beiden Ausführungsbeispielen können die Streifenenden
beider Substrat
Gemäß einer
anderen Verfahrensweise wird ein Substrat
Der
Strahl wird durch die Strahlführung der Implantationsanlage
in geeigneten geometrischen Mustern geführt. Als Beispiel
können parallele Linien
Bei
Wahl von geeigneten Materialien lassen sich die Dotierungen für
die n-Typ Schenkel
Die Metallisierung und Verschaltung erfolgt wie vorher beschrieben.The Metallization and interconnection is done as previously described.
In
Bild 3 ist erläutert, wie sich bei Wahl der geeigneten
Materialien die Dotierungen für die n-Typ Schenkel
Die Erfindung ist nicht auf das Ausführungsbeispiel beschränkt, sondern im Rahmen der Offenbarung vielfach variabel.The Invention is not limited to the embodiment, but in the context of the Revelation often variable.
Alle neuen, in der Beschreibung und/oder Zeichnung offenbarten Einzel- und Kombinationsmerkmale werden als erfindungswesentlich angesehen.All new individual items disclosed in the description and / or drawing. and combination features are considered essential to the invention.
Literaturliterature
-
1.
Rowe, D. M., ed. (1994), CRC Handbook of thermoelectrics, CRC Press. Rowe, DM, ed. (1994), CRC Handbook of thermoelectrics, CRC Press. -
2.
Dresselhaus, M. S.; Lin, Y.; Cronin, S. B.; Rabin, O.; Black, M. R.; Dresselhaus, G. & Koga, T. (2001), Recent Trends in Thermoelectric Materials Research 111, Academic Press, chapter Quantum Wells and Quantum Wires for Potential Thermoelectric Applications, pp. 1–121. Dresselhaus, MS; Lin, Y .; Cronine, SB; Rabin, O .; Black, MR; Dresselhaus, G. & Koga, T. (2001), Recent Trends in Thermoelectric Materials Research 111, Academic Press, chapter Quantum Wells and Quantum Wires for Potential Thermoelectric Applications, pp. 1-121. -
3.
Dresselhaus, M. S. & Heremans, J. P. (2006), Thermoelectrics Handbook: Macro to Nano, CRC Press, chapter Recent Developments in Low-Dimensional Thermoelectric Materials, pp. 39-1-39-24. Dresselhaus, MS & Heremans, JP (2006), Thermoelectrics Handbook: Macro to Nano, CRC Press, chapter Recent Developments in Low-Dimensional Thermoelectric Materials, pp. 39-1-39-24. -
4. Fleurial et al., Patent
US7098393B2 US7098393B2 -
5. Kernforschungszentrum Karlsruhe, Patent
DE000020120785U1 DE000020120785U1 -
6. Okamura et al., Patent
US6969679B2 US6969679B2 -
7.
McClelland JJ (2000) Nanofabrication via Atom Optics. In: Nalwa HS (ed) Handbook of Nanostructured Materials and Nanotechnology, vol. 1, p 335. Academic Press, New York McClelland JJ (2000) Nanofabrication via Atom Optics. In: Nalwa HS (ed) Handbook of Nanostructured Materials and Nanotechnology, vol. 1, p 335. Academic Press, New York -
8.
McClelland JJ, Gupta R, Jabbour ZJ, Celotta RJ (1966) Laser Focusing of Atoms for Nanostructure Fabrication. Aust J Phys, vol 49, p 555 McClelland JJ, Gupta R, Jabbour ZJ, Celotta RJ (1966) Laser Focusing of Atoms for Nanostructure Fabrication. Aust J Phys, vol 49, p 555 -
9.
Wiek, A., Fokussierte Ionenstrahlen, in: W. R. Fahrner, Nanotechnologie und Nanoprozesse, pp. 179–196, Springer, Berlin (2003) Wiek, A., Focused Ion Beams, in: WR Fahrner, Nanotechnology and Nanoprocesses, pp. 179-196, Springer, Berlin (2003)
ZITATE ENTHALTEN IN DER BESCHREIBUNGQUOTES INCLUDE IN THE DESCRIPTION
Diese Liste der vom Anmelder aufgeführten Dokumente wurde automatisiert erzeugt und ist ausschließlich zur besseren Information des Lesers aufgenommen. Die Liste ist nicht Bestandteil der deutschen Patent- bzw. Gebrauchsmusteranmeldung. Das DPMA übernimmt keinerlei Haftung für etwaige Fehler oder Auslassungen.This list The documents listed by the applicant have been automated generated and is solely for better information recorded by the reader. The list is not part of the German Patent or utility model application. The DPMA takes over no liability for any errors or omissions.
Zitierte PatentliteraturCited patent literature
- - US 7098393 B2 [0027] - US 7098393 B2 [0027]
- - DE 000020120785 U1 [0027] - DE 000020120785 U1 [0027]
- - US 6969679 B2 [0027] - US 6969679 B2 [0027]
Zitierte Nicht-PatentliteraturCited non-patent literature
- - Rowe, D. M., ed. (1994), CRC Handbook of thermoelectrics, CRC Press. [0027] - Rowe, DM, ed. (1994), CRC Handbook of thermoelectrics, CRC Press. [0027]
- - Dresselhaus, M. S.; Lin, Y.; Cronin, S. B.; Rabin, O.; Black, M. R.; Dresselhaus, G. & Koga, T. (2001), Recent Trends in Thermoelectric Materials Research 111, Academic Press, chapter Quantum Wells and Quantum Wires for Potential Thermoelectric Applications, pp. 1–121. [0027] - Dresselhaus, MS; Lin, Y .; Cronine, SB; Rabin, O .; Black, MR; Dresselhaus, G. & Koga, T. (2001), Recent Trends in Thermoelectric Materials Research 111, Academic Press, chapter Quantum Wells and Quantum Wires for Potential Thermoelectric Applications, pp. 1-121. [0027]
- - Dresselhaus, M. S. & Heremans, J. P. (2006), Thermoelectrics Handbook: Macro to Nano, CRC Press, chapter Recent Developments in Low-Dimensional Thermoelectric Materials, pp. 39-1-39-24. [0027] - Dresselhaus, MS & Heremans, JP (2006), Thermoelectrics Handbook: Macro to Nano, CRC Press, chapter Recent Developments in Low-Dimensional Thermoelectric Materials, pp. 39-1-39-24. [0027]
- - McClelland JJ (2000) Nanofabrication via Atom Optics. In: Nalwa HS (ed) Handbook of Nanostructured Materials and Nanotechnology, vol. 1, p 335. Academic Press, New York [0027] - McClelland JJ (2000) Nanofabrication via Atom Optics. In: Nalwa HS (ed) Handbook of Nanostructured Materials and Nanotechnology, vol. 1, p 335. Academic Press, New York [0027]
- - McClelland JJ, Gupta R, Jabbour ZJ, Celotta RJ (1966) Laser Focusing of Atoms for Nanostructure Fabrication. Aust J Phys, vol 49, p 555 [0027] - McClelland JJ, Gupta R, Jabbour ZJ, Celotta RJ (1966) Laser Focusing of Atoms for Nanostructure Fabrication. Aust J Phys, vol 49, p 555 [0027]
- - Wiek, A., Fokussierte Ionenstrahlen, in: W. R. Fahrner, Nanotechnologie und Nanoprozesse, pp. 179–196, Springer, Berlin (2003) [0027] - Wiek, A., Focused Ion Beams, in: WR Fahrner, Nanotechnology and Nanoprocesses, pp. 179-196, Springer, Berlin (2003) [0027]
Claims (27)
Priority Applications (1)
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DE102007048749A DE102007048749A1 (en) | 2007-10-11 | 2007-10-11 | Thermal generator for direct conversion of thermal energy into electrical energy, has linear structures integrated into substrates and made from thermoelectric material e.g. germanium, with high electrical and thermal conductivity |
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Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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DE102007048749A DE102007048749A1 (en) | 2007-10-11 | 2007-10-11 | Thermal generator for direct conversion of thermal energy into electrical energy, has linear structures integrated into substrates and made from thermoelectric material e.g. germanium, with high electrical and thermal conductivity |
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DE102007048749A1 true DE102007048749A1 (en) | 2009-04-16 |
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Citations (9)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US5360764A (en) * | 1993-02-16 | 1994-11-01 | The United States Of America, As Represented By The Secretary Of Commerce | Method of fabricating laser controlled nanolithography |
DE19932308A1 (en) * | 1999-07-10 | 2001-01-18 | Bosch Gmbh Robert | Sensor for measuring radiation and currents has a membrane layer spaced from a silicon body using contact columns |
DE20120785U1 (en) | 2001-03-15 | 2002-03-28 | Karlsruhe Forschzent | Microstructured thermal generator for direct conversion of thermal into electrical energy |
US6969679B2 (en) | 2003-11-25 | 2005-11-29 | Canon Kabushiki Kaisha | Fabrication of nanoscale thermoelectric devices |
US20060032526A1 (en) * | 2002-12-13 | 2006-02-16 | Cannon Kabushiki Kaisha | Thermoelectric conversion material, thermoelectric conversion device and manufacturing method thereof |
US20060118159A1 (en) * | 2004-10-29 | 2006-06-08 | Kabushiki Kaisha Toshiba | Thermoelectric direct conversion device |
US7098393B2 (en) | 2001-05-18 | 2006-08-29 | California Institute Of Technology | Thermoelectric device with multiple, nanometer scale, elements |
US7161168B2 (en) * | 2002-07-30 | 2007-01-09 | The Regents Of The University Of California | Superlattice nanopatterning of wires and complex patterns |
DE102005063038A1 (en) * | 2005-12-29 | 2007-07-05 | Basf Ag | Nano wires or nano tubes manufacturing method for e.g. air conditioning system, involves providing melted mass or solution, which contains thermo electric active material or precursor compounds of thermo electric active materials |
-
2007
- 2007-10-11 DE DE102007048749A patent/DE102007048749A1/en not_active Withdrawn
Patent Citations (9)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US5360764A (en) * | 1993-02-16 | 1994-11-01 | The United States Of America, As Represented By The Secretary Of Commerce | Method of fabricating laser controlled nanolithography |
DE19932308A1 (en) * | 1999-07-10 | 2001-01-18 | Bosch Gmbh Robert | Sensor for measuring radiation and currents has a membrane layer spaced from a silicon body using contact columns |
DE20120785U1 (en) | 2001-03-15 | 2002-03-28 | Karlsruhe Forschzent | Microstructured thermal generator for direct conversion of thermal into electrical energy |
US7098393B2 (en) | 2001-05-18 | 2006-08-29 | California Institute Of Technology | Thermoelectric device with multiple, nanometer scale, elements |
US7161168B2 (en) * | 2002-07-30 | 2007-01-09 | The Regents Of The University Of California | Superlattice nanopatterning of wires and complex patterns |
US20060032526A1 (en) * | 2002-12-13 | 2006-02-16 | Cannon Kabushiki Kaisha | Thermoelectric conversion material, thermoelectric conversion device and manufacturing method thereof |
US6969679B2 (en) | 2003-11-25 | 2005-11-29 | Canon Kabushiki Kaisha | Fabrication of nanoscale thermoelectric devices |
US20060118159A1 (en) * | 2004-10-29 | 2006-06-08 | Kabushiki Kaisha Toshiba | Thermoelectric direct conversion device |
DE102005063038A1 (en) * | 2005-12-29 | 2007-07-05 | Basf Ag | Nano wires or nano tubes manufacturing method for e.g. air conditioning system, involves providing melted mass or solution, which contains thermo electric active material or precursor compounds of thermo electric active materials |
Non-Patent Citations (6)
Title |
---|
Dresselhaus, M. S. & Heremans, J. P. (2006), Thermoelectrics Handbook: Macro to Nano, CRC Press, chapter Recent Developments in Low-Dimensional Thermoelectric Materials, pp. 39-1-39-24. |
Dresselhaus, M. S.; Lin, Y.; Cronin, S. B.; Rabin, O.; Black, M. R.; Dresselhaus, G. & Koga, T. (2001), Recent Trends in Thermoelectric Materials Research 111, Academic Press, chapter Quantum Wells and Quantum Wires for Potential Thermoelectric Applications, pp. 1-121. |
McClelland JJ (2000) Nanofabrication via Atom Optics. In: Nalwa HS (ed) Handbook of Nanostructured Materials and Nanotechnology, vol. 1, p 335. Academic Press, New York |
McClelland JJ, Gupta R, Jabbour ZJ, Celotta RJ (1966) Laser Focusing of Atoms for Nanostructure Fabrication. Aust J Phys, vol 49, p 555 |
Rowe, D. M., ed. (1994), CRC Handbook of thermoelectrics, CRC Press. |
Wiek, A., Fokussierte Ionenstrahlen, in: W. R. Fahrner, Nanotechnologie und Nanoprozesse, pp. 179-196, Springer, Berlin (2003) |
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