DE102007048734B4 - Method for assessing the condition of anti-graffiti treated building materials - Google Patents

Abstract

Method for comparing building materials treated with anti-graffiti systems with the steps:
a) provision of at least two bodies of a building material selected from the group of untreated test specimen, treated reference body and treated specimen,
b) measuring the temperature and the building material moisture of the bodies,
c) dispensing electrolyte fluid into the body,
d) measuring the time course of the electrical conductivity of the body, taking into account the dependence of the electrical conductivity on the building material moisture,
e) determining the difference and / or the ratio of the time profile of the electrical conductivity between each two bodies, and
f) Compare the anti-graffiti systems of the body.

Description

The The invention relates to a method for comparing anti-graffiti systems treated building materials with those mentioned in the preamble of claim 1 Features. According to the invention is based the electrical conductivity the functionality of Anti-graffiti systems evaluated and compared with each other. The method is suitable for quality control of specimens on Construction sites and the determination of building material sensitivity to natural Weathering or cleaning processes. Another object of the The invention is a method for creating a database with Anti-graffiti systems treatable or treated building materials.

graffiti are as pictures or slogans in felt-tip pen, spray paint or other color systems to an obvious Problem has become. Most of these are unwanted graffiti, which usually as property damage or blemish leading to a concrete pattern of damage. Object owner and Users are therefore interested in the graffiti as possible to remove quickly and comprehensively. In the area of graffiti removal and graffiti prophylaxis are currently more than 250 products on the market.

Graffiti removal means that applied colorants and their components as far as possible without residue be removed without losing the structure and properties of the Affect the substrate. Graffiti and paint smears are in practice with different Technologies removed. Besides the use of chemical graffiti removers, their ingredients u. a. special solvents are also one mechanical color removal by means of abrasive methods, such. B. Micro dry blasting technique, particle blasting method, low pressure rotation vortex method or high pressure possible. However, the universal product for Graffitientfernung so far not found. Development and use of ever new aerosols and chemically different color systems complicate their distance. The success of graffiti removal with the mentioned Technologies depends of different factors of influence different substrates from, to u. a. the mechanical stability of the affected substrate material, its capillary suction, moisture content and roughness of the underground material. additionally can Graffiti media especially in the outdoor area by weathering (z. B. sunlight) and aging change greatly and thus after short life is more difficult to remove.

The technical limits of graffiti removal have to development led the Graffitiprophylaxemittel product group, the surfaces preventively protect and make the removal of graffiti easier. The graffiti prophylaxis designates measures where the underground to facilitate Graffitientfernung with a special coating, d. H. Trennschichtbildner, impregnation or Anti-graffiti system is treated, so that later graffiti with the associated cleaning technology better removed compared to the untreated surface can. It will be between victim systems and non-victim systems to increase the Anti-graffiti efficiency differentiated, with the anti-graffiti properties on the basis of biopolymers, (metal-crosslinked) acrylates, siloxane / wax mixtures, fluorine-containing impregnates, 2-component polyurethanes, crosslinked siloxanes or modified acrylates.

One Substrate has the maximum anti-graffiti efficiency when graffiti be removed so that all the properties of the underground after the graffiti removal completely can be restored. The anti-graffiti efficiency is a characteristic for a substrate, but latent property, due to the complexity of the variables including the not restrictable Diversity of for The graffiti used colorants so far not in a physical Measuring method can be determined. In the prior art is the Anti-graffiti efficiency therefore only in a time and cost intensive Cleaning cycle determined in which after application of specified Colorants with a selected one Cleaning technology is carried out a removal of colorants. For the Evaluation of cleaning technologies or the definition of technical Guidelines for graffiti removal is anti-graffiti efficiency through complex key figures, limit values u. Ä., for example, defines the cleaning number C (lab Dr. Michael Kupfer, rules for the evaluation Graffiti removal techniques, technologies and materials and graffiti prophylaxis, 2000), the change in the roughness of the Underground through the cleaning process or change include the color of the substrate through the cleaning process. Subsequently a comparison of the anti-graffiti efficiency of the untreated and treated Background in otherwise matching Boundary conditions (colorant, cleaning technology) to evaluate the anti-graffiti systems.

To check the anti-graffiti efficiency under practical conditions, such as: B. after weathering or a single Graffitientfernung, had previously applied the specified for the laboratory colorant as possible under the laboratory conditions and removed with the specified technology again. At least in the anti-graffiti systems of the so-called class of victim systems leads the Thus, the use of this method to prove the quality of the applied anti-graffiti system is not suitable.

So z. In US 5,798,415 A described an anti-graffiti test in which building materials provided with a graffiti, treated after a predetermined drying time with methyl ethyl ketone and then the appearance of the surface of the test object is assessed.

In DE 198 24 188 A1 discloses a method in which treated concrete test specimens and test specimens of sand-lime bricks with anti-graffiti agents, provided with a graffiti, cleaned after storage with certain cleaning agents and evaluated in terms of visual appearance and easy to clean / anti-graffiti properties and be divided into classes.

Of the Invention is based on the object, which indicated in the prior art Overcome the disadvantages of determining the anti-graffiti efficiency and to develop a physical measuring method that works through a simple realization and the destruction of underground or anti-graffiti system. It is another job of Invention, data of building materials treated with anti-graffiti systems so available to make that elaborate experimental provisions reduced become.

• a) Bereitstellen von mindestens zwei Körpern eines Baustoffs, ausgewählt aus der Gruppe von unbehandeltem Probekörpers, behandeltem Referenzkörper und behandeltem Prüfkörper,
• b) Messen der Temperatur und der Baustofffeuchte der Körper,
• c) Abgeben von Elektrolytflüssigkeit in die Körper,
• d) Messen des zeitlichen Verlaufs der elektrischen Leitfähigkeit der Körper, wobei die Abhängigkeit der elektrischen Leitfähigkeit von der Baustofffeuchte berücksichtigt wird,
• e) Bestimmen der Differenz und/oder des Verhältnisses des zeitlichen Verlaufs der elektrischen Leitfähigkeit zwischen jeweils zwei Körpern, und
• f) Vergleichen der Anti-Graffiti-Systeme der Körper.

The object of the invention is achieved according to the independent claims. The subclaims contain preferred embodiments. According to the invention, a method is provided for comparing building materials treated with anti-graffiti systems, comprising the following steps:

• a) provision of at least two bodies of a building material selected from the group of untreated test specimen, treated reference body and treated specimen,
• b) measuring the temperature and the building material moisture of the bodies,
• c) dispensing electrolyte fluid into the body,
• d) measuring the time course of the electrical conductivity of the body, taking into account the dependence of the electrical conductivity on the building material moisture,
• e) determining the difference and / or the ratio of the time profile of the electrical conductivity between each two bodies, and
• f) Compare the anti-graffiti systems of the body.

It is so far only known that a so-called hydro value at Investigations on the durability of water repellents on Concrete used in terms of their water-repellent effect can be (long-term studies of water repellents. Reports of the Federal Institute for Highway, Bridges- and Civil Engineering, Issue B 10, Bergisch Gladbach, 1995).

Of the Inventor could now surprisingly show that the measurement of electrical conductivity Great for evaluating the functionality of an anti-graffiti system. The Method can be universally applicable to all porous, absorbent substrates find that the penetration of an electrolyte fluid as a prerequisite the conductivity measurement allow. By having the electrical conductivity of one with an anti-graffiti system treated body in relation to the untreated body the same building material or a treated reference body of the same Building material is an evaluation of the effectiveness of the anti-graffiti system possible. The following scenarios are conceivable: The comparison of an untreated specimen with a treated reference body or a treated specimen leaves a yes / no statement as to an existing anti-graffiti protection too. The direct Comparison of a treated reference body and a treated specimen allowed a statement about the quality of Anti-graffiti protection based on the deviation of the measurement curve. It understands that, in these constellations, the one acting as subtrahend Body the Zero-line or the body acting as a divisor equal a constant ratio 1 embodied. About that It is also possible the treated reference body and the treated specimen to that effect compare that to both bodies first in terms of their anti-graffiti protection across from the untreated test piece be analyzed and then the relative values are compared. In this case corresponds the time course of the electrical conductivity depending on the mathematical Determination method with 0 (difference method) or 1 (ratio method). All data can be integrated into a database, so that in further comparisons a well-known combination of building material and anti-graffiti system this data and no further experimental measurement is used can be.

According to the invention, in a first step a) at least two bodies of a building material are provided, which are selected from the group consisting of untreated specimen, treated reference body and treated specimen. In order to ensure a correlation of the measured data, all bodies within a sequence of steps of steps a) to f) consist of the same building material. The term "specimen" refers to i. P. D. Invention on a standardized workpiece, which is the subject of investigations in the laboratory and is defined by its physico-chemical parameters. These physico-chemical parameters can be found within appropriate tolerances also in the reference or test body. Consequently, a "reference body" means a workpiece to be examined in the laboratory, which differs from the test body only by the presence of a coating in the form of an anti-graffiti system. In contrast, the "test specimen" represents a building object or a part thereof that is exposed in the environment to the real danger of graffiti contamination and whose physico-chemical parameters are subject to changes due to external influences. The test piece may be treated with an anti-graffiti system, which is preferred here or not, in which latter case the test piece may have an inherent graffiti protection, which is rather rare or not. The specimen is z. B. on a construction site and is an integral part of a building to be built. The anti-graffiti system or the inherent anti-graffiti protection of the reference body and test specimen match.

Under "Treat" i. S. d. Invention is understood as a contacting of reference and / or test specimens with at least one anti-graffiti system without chemical conversion accompanied. Dependent on of the desired Behavior of the anti-graffiti system with regard to the different cleaning methods in the case of a graffiti strike a selection of the underlying Connections and the type of application. Basically, the treated body provided with one or more layers of the anti-graffiti system. Victim systems are usually applied several times. The one for the protective effect necessary material consumption depends from the porosity of the underground. After a graffiti stroke, the coating system becomes removed by a cleaning process along with the graffiti and must be complete to be renewed. For Graffiti removal is normally sufficient for water. Chemical remover for victim systems can become necessary if the system is strong or long of weathering was suspended. Non-victims systems arise through the application of durable, mostly not reversible Surface coatings, and are used by chemical cleaning agents (eg solvents) not attacked. They are weather-resistant and stay in place Elimination of graffiti continues to be effective. In one embodiment of the present method is to provide a treated body preferred with multiple layers of the anti-graffiti system. Of Further, the body can also be treated so that it with an impregnation which penetrates into the pores of the building material, but none related Layer forms, and a repulsive hydrophobic and / or oleophobic effect out of the pore structure conditioned. That `s how it is possible that the treated body having both a coating and an impregnation. Especially is an impregnation and subsequent coating possible.

ever after which intention pursues the application of the procedure, finds a treated reference body and / or specimen input in step a). A reference body is z. B. sufficient to the connection between the treatment of a defined building material with a defined anti-graffiti system under defined conditions and to determine the anti-graffiti functionality and to generate a calibration function as a result. Opposite is a test specimen u. a. sufficient to track the timing of anti-graffiti functionality. The use of a treated reference body and a treated Test specimen turn, if the latter is not inherent Graffiti protection is particularly important in quality control when comparing actual / desired states appropriate.

The Preparing the body essentially comprises cleaning on the surface, so that they are freed from loosely adhering soiling. Furthermore can the prepared bodies by measuring material properties at defined surface areas be characterized. The optional measurement data include z. B. Color, gloss and / or surface finish of the test piece. The measurement of material properties may be before and / or after the treatment done with the anti-graffiti system.

Of the Building material in itself has a basic moisture, both from the material as well as the external conditions depends and not necessarily must lead to a reproducible measurement signal. That is why not only the discharge of an electrolyte fluid in the later step c) necessary to charge carriers provide, but if necessary, a previous drying of the building material advised to distortions to prevent the measured values. This drying can, for example be designed as air drying under normal conditions.

Obligatory is therefore the measurement of building material moisture and temperature of the body in step b) of the method according to the invention. The relationship between the moisture profile and the hydrodynamic value is, in addition to the main activity of the determination of the hydrodynamic value, effectiveness and moisture profile, an essential constraint. The hydrodynamic value is directly dependent on the moisture, so that the measurement of the moisture is indispensable. Both parameters are again temperature dependent. For the interpretation of the hydro-value, therefore, the experimental determination of the relationship between moisture and hydro value necessary, which must be carried out only in advance in the laboratory. The person skilled in the art is familiar with methods of temperature and humidity measurement and can make a suitable choice for implementing the invention. For example, the building material moisture can be carried out with a commercial microwave measuring device. The measurements are carried out both on the surface of the building material as well as in the depths, in which the measurement is done under step d).

It is particularly preferred, the time course of Baustoffffeuchte to register to check the success of the drying process and to guarantee a minimum residual moisture. That's why the measuring process is repeated. The repetition can be in one continuous or periodic measurement in defined Time intervals are realized or even after arbitrary intervals respectively. As abort criterion of the moisture measurement is specified that the temporal change the mass of the body is less than 1 mass%, preferably less than 0.5 mass%, more preferably less than 0.2 mass%. This information correlates with a dry state. The time interval between two Measurements must be sufficiently large to make a change to expect and small enough to the time of preparation the body to be examined to minimize. As advantageous has a time interval of 24 hours proved, preferably of a maximum of 24 h. Preference is also given the combination that makes the temporal change in the mass of the body smaller is 0.2 mass% within 24 hours. Of course it can can not be ruled out that the period is longer than 24 hours, if the storage conditions are unfavorable.

It has also been found that a minimum residual moisture the measurement under step d) improved. It is preferred that the body have a building material moisture content of 1 to 15 mass percent, preferably from 2 to 10% by mass, more preferably from 3 to 5% by mass. For the Building material concrete should have a minimum residual moisture content of 3% by mass not be fallen below. When measuring the building material humidity are two parameters, namely the temporal change and to reconcile the residual moisture limit.

The inventive method allows the measurement of moisture not only on the surface, but also inside of the building material. The measurement is at a maximum depth of 100 mm limited, preferably to a maximum depth of 40 mm. It's I. P. D. Invention preferably in several depths measurements to perform the moisture profile, especially in a building depth of 10 mm, 15 mm and / or 20 mm.

in the following step c) are the bodies with an electrolyte fluid charged, which penetrates into the pore structure of the building material. The penetration behavior, d. H. the volume expansion of the electrolyte, depends on it from the properties of the building material and the anti-graffiti protection from. This step is essential, because only by the electrolyte liquid the charge carriers be provided when applying an external voltage lead to current flow.

In an embodiment the method according to the invention Calcium hydroxide is discharged as the electrolyte liquid, in particular if the subsequent measurement of the time course of the electric conductivity with the hydrophobization meter HDBMG-02 performed becomes. However, the association of calcium hydroxide and HDBMG-02 is not necessarily.

In Step d) closes the measurement of the time course of the electrical conductivity or the flow of current, the measurement result in the form of a hydro-value is issued. Preferably, the electrical conductivity measured the ability indicates a substance to conduct electrical current and as the proportionality constant defined between the current density and the electric field strength is. The measurement of electrical conductivity has compared to Measuring the current flow the inherent Advantage that the measured value of the parameters of the measurement setup, such as they are executed in the following paragraph become independent is and allows a direct comparison with other measurements. It However, it may also be desirable be, the size of the reading to influence, for example, in an optimal for the evaluation Measuring range to work, which in particular by the variation of the Cross-sectional areas and thus the sum of the defects is completed, as a result the current flow is recorded.

The measuring principle is briefly described here, while a detailed description can be found in Gatz & Großmann, Method for assessing the quality of hydrophobing in concrete, BASt-Forschungsbericht, 1989. The physical measuring principle is based on charge transport in electrolytic solutions. The encoders set up on the building material surface emit electrolytic liquid to the building material under defined conditions. The type of sensor depends on the location of the building material surfaces in the room: a distinction is made between sensors for measuring on a horizontal surface, on a horizontal surface above the head and on a vertical surface. Depending on the building material, it is possible to treat the inner surfaces of the building material more or less completely with water repellents lay. This means that directly depending on the quality of the hydrophobing agent and the quality of execution of the hydrophobic area the building material surface inevitably has defects. When a transducer is placed and a defined voltage is applied, a charge transport takes place from the electrolyte fluid, which breaks through the hydrophobic zone on the existing defects. The charge current is registered by the encoder in the form of time-dependent individual values, which can then be taken over in measured value time curves. The amount of transported charges in such an electrolytic solution, that is, the current flow depends on the voltage between the donor electrodes, the length of the transport path (electrode gap), the elementary electric charge of the electrolyte, the viscosity of the electrolyte, which are all constant, and the cross-sectional areas of the electrolyte Electrolytes in the area of the footprint of the encoder, which are variable, from. The cross-sectional area represents the sum of the imperfections of a hydrophobing below the footprint of the sensor. The cross-sectional area of the electrolyte thus represents the only measuring variable in the system. Thus, with a time-dependent current flow measurement over the sum of the imperfections in a hydrophobized zone, the effect of an anti-graffiti system can be qualitatively and quantitatively determined.

In an embodiment the method according to the invention becomes the water repellent meter HDBMG-02 used, developed by the Federal Highway Research Institute and in introduced the ZTV-ING has been. The measuring device works according to the following parameters: The measurement is dependent carried out by building material humidity and object temperature. The on the bottom of the meter located measuring points are associated with a system belonging, pre-treated in delivery form, equipped with special sponge. This is by applying an associated electrolyte through a chemical reaction as a contact bridge used. After swelling the contact bridge, the device is on the area to be measured hung up and turned on. The electronics in the device draws the metrics on that too the duration of the measuring time can be monitored in the display of the measuring device. The gauge must not be moved during the measuring process. The measuring method works non-destructive, d. H. the subsoil is not attacked and arises on the building no material damage. Details of the meter can be found in the document ZTV-ING (additional Technical Terms and Conditions and Guidelines for Civil Engineering, Federal Ministry for traffic, Construction and Housing, January 2003), Part 3, Section 4, Item 8.4 and item 8.5, and Appendix C.

The course over time of the electrical conductivity, of the current flow or of the hydrodynamic value, which are used interchangeably interchangeably in the present description, is measured in particular over 15 minutes, the measurement being continuous (eg taking the measured values every 2 s) or too defined times, such. B. after 1 min, 5 min, 10 min and 15 min, can be made. Of course, shorter or longer measuring times are possible, if it requires building material, body, measuring conditions or the like. A measurement of only 60 s is preferred. The recording of the time course ultimately serves to track changes in the hydro-value, in order to terminate the measurement from the point of view of time and cost optimization at a point in time at which the deviation from the measurement limit value is negligible. Preferably, the second derivative of the second dependent hydro-value function, which represents the change in slope, is between -0.1 V / s ² and 0, more preferably between -1 V / s ² and 0, most preferably between -10 V / s ² and 0. It is also advantageous to simultaneously determine the time course of the hydrodynamic value at several measuring locations and then to form the mean value.

In an embodiment of the invention reaches the time course the electrical conductivity for a Anti-graffiti victim system maximum 300 mV, preferably maximum 150 mV.

The humidity of the body is relevant for the interpretation of the measured hydro-value. With increasing humidity, the hydrofoils increase and the anti-graffiti protection of non-victim systems seems to decrease, while the anti-graffiti protection of the victim systems seems to increase. This dependence of the electrical conductivity, the current flow or the hydro value of the building material moisture is to be taken into account in the measurement in step d). The relationship can be determined experimentally and is specific to the examined building material, as it 6 exemplified. The measured hydrodynamic value is therefore to be corrected for the influence of the measuring humidity, whereby it is necessary to make reference to a reference measuring humidity, as described, for example, in US Pat. B. represents the minimum residual moisture. In the case of an exponential function course, the change of the hydrovalue is small for small moisture arguments, ie in the initial range of the function, so that a correction is necessary only above a certain moisture value. This limit value of the moisture up to which the hydrodynamic value changes only insignificantly is, for example, that moisture value at which the hydrodynamic value has increased by 10% compared to the hydrovalent at minimum residual moisture, preferably by 5%, particularly preferably by 1%.

In the subsequent step e), the change of the hydro value through the coating determined with the anti-graffiti system. For this purpose, the difference and / or the ratio of the time profile of the electrical conductivity of the treated body and the untreated test specimen or the treated specimen and the treated reference body is determined, preferably the difference. It is particularly preferred for the difference delta (t) from the determined hydrovalues to be formed by subtracting the hydrodynamic value at time t for the untreated test specimen from the hydrodynamic value at the same point in time t for the treated body. The plot of delta (t) as a function of time is referred to as the hydrophobing function. Accordingly, the ratio is obtained by dividing the aforementioned hydropower. If further mathematical operations make sense for the evaluation, they can be included in the method according to the invention, so that the execution is not limited to these two variants.

in the final Step f) compares the anti-graffiti systems of the bodies. The Hydrophobierungskurve formed from the difference of the Hydrowerte has three relevant areas. In a first area (A) is delta (t) greater than 0, from which It follows that the measurable by the absorption of the electrolyte current flow quantitatively larger than in the untreated test piece is. The second area (B) describes the untreated specimen with a delta (t) of 0. In the third region (C) delta (t) is less than 0, It follows that the measurable by the absorption of the electrolyte Current flow is quantitatively smaller than in the untreated test specimen. For the out of proportion Hydrophobierungskurve formed the hydrowerte the same applies under the proviso that the areas are above and below 1 or equal to 1. Both the first area (A) and the third area (C) have So a deviating in comparison to the untreated specimen moisture absorption behavior. Both areas are advantageous i. P. D. Invention by one effective anti-graffiti system but different Underlying principles of action.

Provided exclusively a treated reference body and a treated specimen, but no untreated specimen are provided, the reference body preferably occurs in the mathematical determination in place of the specimen and serves as a reference. The for the Said areas of the hydrophobization curve remain unaffected the proviso that the second region (B) the treated reference body with describes a delta (t) of 0. It is understood that the reference body a Anti-graffiti system with maximum functionality in terms of at least one Graffitianschlages, as a result, it is expected that the Test specimen one same or worse time course of the electrical conductivity shows, which reflects by a curve in the area (A) or (C) becomes. If all body can be selected from the group of step a), not only the presence of an anti-graffiti system in itself, but also the quality to be checked by putting on the specimen relative hydrophobing curves of the reference and test specimen compared become. Because the anti-graffiti systems in areas (A) and (C) Based on different modes of action, reference and test specimens have a Hydrophobization curve in the same range (A) or (C), accessible for comparison to be.

In a preferred embodiment of the method according to the invention in step a) at least one untreated specimen, a treated reference body and provided a treated specimen, in step e) the difference and / or the ratio of the time course the electrical conductivity of the treated body and of the untreated test specimen determined and in step f) the functionalities of the anti-graffiti systems of treated body be compared. The reference body measured in the laboratory initially allows for a Statement about the efficiency of an anti-graffiti system on a certain building material underground. The application of this anti-graffiti system in practice is based on the determination of the hydrophobization curve of a control. One to be examined specimen, for example a component on a construction site, before or after its intended use a quality assessment in terms of a desired and assured anti-graffiti functionality. Such a quality control is especially for Hydrophobizations on mineral substrates, such as on z. Concrete, realizable. For this purpose, the functionalities of anti-graffiti systems of reference and test specimens through Comparison of delta (t) values at a defined time, such as z. B. after 60 s, analyzed. Whether a test specimen shows the required quality, is determined on the basis of previously defined norms. A certain one Hydrowert correlates with a cleaning number C, the one Measure of efficiency of an anti-graffiti system (Laboratory Dr. Michael Kupfer, Rules for the evaluation of methods, technologies and materials for graffiti removal and graffiti prophylaxis, 2000). It is preferable that the deviation of differences and / or relationships for the both treated bodies less than 10%, preferably less than 5%, more preferably 0%.

This embodiment of the quality control can also be realized without carrying out steps a) to f) on an untreated test specimen. Instead, in a modified step e), the difference and / or the ratio of the time profile of the electrical conductivity of the tested test body and treated reference body and in step f), the functionality of the anti-graffiti system is evaluated in such a way that the difference has little or no deviation from 0 and / or the ratio has little or no deviation from 1.

• a) Bereitstellen mindestens eines unbehandelten Probekörpers eines Baustoffs und mindestens eines behandelten Referenzkörpers des Baustoffs und/oder eines behandelten Prüfkörpers des Baustoffs,
• b) Messen der Temperatur und der Baustofffeuchte der Körper,
• c) Abgeben von Elektrolytflüssigkeit in die Körper,
• d) Messen des zeitlichen Verlaufs der elektrischen Leitfähigkeit der Körper, wobei die Abhängigkeit der elektrischen Leitfähigkeit von der Baustofffeuchte berücksichtigt wird,
• e) Bestimmen der Differenz und/oder des Verhältnisses des zeitlichen Verlaufs der elektrischen Leitfähigkeit des behandelten Körpers und des unbehandelten Probekörpers,
• f) Wiederholen der Schritte b) bis e) mit dem behandelten Körper nach einer beliebigen Zeit,
• g) Vergleichen der Funktionalität des Anti-Graffiti-Systems der behandelten Körper mit dem jeweiligen Ausgangszustand, wobei ein absoluter Betrag der Differenz, der kleiner ist der absolute Betrag der Differenz aus Schritt e), und/oder ein Verhältnis, das dem Wert 1 näher liegt als das Verhältnis aus Schritt e), mit einer verringerten Funktionalität des Anti-Graffiti-Systems korreliert, und optional
• h) Wiederholen der Schritte f) bis h).

Victim-based anti-graffiti systems, due to their material composition, exhibit sensitivity to both natural weathering and artificial impact during cleaning after graffiti strike. In both processes, successive material of the coating is lost. The associated removal of the graffiti removal necessary separation layer reduces the functionality of the coating in the removal of colorants. The interest in statements for the currently achievable functionality of the anti-graffiti coating is taken into account in a further subject of the invention. This method of evaluating the aging of anti-graffiti treated building materials is characterized by the steps of:

• a) providing at least one untreated specimen of a building material and at least one treated reference body of the building material and / or a treated specimen of the building material,
• b) measuring the temperature and the building material moisture of the bodies,
• c) dispensing electrolyte fluid into the body,
• d) measuring the time course of the electrical conductivity of the body, taking into account the dependence of the electrical conductivity on the building material moisture,
• e) determining the difference and / or the ratio of the time profile of the electrical conductivity of the treated body and the untreated test specimen,
• f) repeating steps b) to e) with the treated body after any time,
• g) comparing the functionality of the anti-graffiti system of the treated bodies with the respective initial state, wherein an absolute amount of the difference which is smaller is the absolute amount of the difference from step e), and / or a ratio which is closer to the value of 1 is the ratio of step e), correlated with reduced functionality of the anti-graffiti system, and optional
• h) repeating steps f) to h).

The Method for analysis corresponds to steps b) to e) Method for comparing anti-graffiti treated systems While building materials in step a) the selection is made concretely such that mandatory an untreated specimen must be present. The prior teaching of the invention and its embodiments concerning the method for comparison with anti-graffiti systems treated building materials is valid and without restrictions applicable to the aging assessment procedure of the same, if it makes sense. In particular, it is also conceivable the method for comparing anti-graffiti treated systems To expand building materials to the effect that after step f) of Comparative method steps f) to h) join the evaluation process.

This Assessment procedure inherent in steps f) to h) natural Aging of the test specimen in Weathering process. Alternatively, a reference body in Laboratory steps a) to h) to go to target comparison data to generate. these can again in a quality control compared with the actual values of a treated test specimen become. It is expected that the functionality of the anti-graffiti system with time decreases, resulting in an approximation the hydrophobicity curve of the treated body to the hydrophobization curve of the untreated test specimen reflects. Because z. B. the hydrophobization curve of the untreated specimen is at a constant value delta (t) = 0, an approximation in a smaller absolute amount of the difference delta (t) of the treated Body, compared with the absolute amount of the difference delta (t) from step e), the absolute value of the amount being independent of the evaluation of used anti-graffiti system or its mode of action leads. It is understood that in a repetition of steps f) to h) as comparison value not only the difference delta (t) from step e), but also from step g) can be used.

Furthermore can the specimen within any period of time artificial Be exposed to impacts. This becomes explicit in one embodiment of the method, prior to step f) and optionally before step h) Graffiti on the body applied and removed after a defined time. It is free whether the application of graffiti on an undesirable Stop or a wanted design with the purpose of generating laboratory data. The repetition the application and removal of graffiti, as defined by the phrase "optional before step h) "to Expression comes here is preferably to repeat the Steps f) and g) are coupled so that the effects of multiple cleaning cycles on the functionality of the anti-graffiti system can be analyzed.

Another object of the present invention enables the qualitative evaluation of cleaning processes. If too hard material is used in abrasive techniques, the surface will open and destroy the surface Underground. So z. B. the sintered layer of concrete can be changed. The associated change in porosity can be easily determined by measuring the hydro-value and calculating the hydrophobization curve. An untreated specimen or treated reference body measured in advance in the laboratory serves as reference body for the cleaned untreated or treated test specimen in order to assess the qualified and professional performance of the purification process.

• a) Bereitstellen mindestens eines unbehandelten Probekörpers eines Baustoffs und mindestens eines behandelten Referenzkörpers des Baustoffs und/oder eines behandelten Prüfkörpers des Baustoffs,
• b) Messen der Temperatur und der Baustofffeuchte der Körper,
• c) Abgeben von Elektrolytflüssigkeit in die Körper,
• d) Messen des zeitlichen Verlaufs der elektrischen Leitfähigkeit der Körper, wobei die Abhängigkeit der elektrischen Leitfähigkeit von der Baustofffeuchte berücksichtigt wird,
• e) Bestimmen der Differenz und/oder des Verhältnisses des zeitlichen Verlaufs der elektrischen Leitfähigkeit des behandelten Körpers und des unbehandelten Probekörpers, und
• f) Bewerten der Funktionalität des Anti-Graffiti-Systems des behandelten Körpers, wobei die Anti-Graffiti-Funktionalität zur Differenz und/oder dem Verhältnis bis zu einem baustoffspezifischen Grenzwert direkt proportional ist, wenn die Differenz größer 0 und/oder das Verhältnis größer 1 ist, oder die Anti-Graffiti-Funktionalität zur Differenz und/oder dem Verhältnis bis zu einem baustoffspezifischen Grenzwert umgekehrt proportional ist, wenn die Differenz kleiner 0 und/oder das Verhältnis kleiner 1 ist.

Yet another object of the invention is a method of analyzing anti-graffiti treated building materials comprising the steps of:

• a) providing at least one untreated specimen of a building material and at least one treated reference body of the building material and / or a treated specimen of the building material,
• b) measuring the temperature and the building material moisture of the bodies,
• c) dispensing electrolyte fluid into the body,
• d) measuring the time course of the electrical conductivity of the body, taking into account the dependence of the electrical conductivity on the building material moisture,
• e) determining the difference and / or the ratio of the time profile of the electrical conductivity of the treated body and the untreated test specimen, and
• f) assessing the functionality of the treated body anti-graffiti system, wherein the anti-graffiti functionality is directly proportional to the difference and / or ratio up to a build-specific limit if the difference is greater than 0 and / or the ratio greater than 1 or the anti-graffiti functionality is inversely proportional to the difference and / or ratio up to a build-specific limit when the difference is less than 0 and / or the ratio is less than 1.

The inventive method makes use of the knowledge that both a larger than also a smaller moisture absorption of the treated building material in the Compared to the untreated building material body for an effective graffiti protection to lead can. Dependent on from the anti-graffiti system can be determined by the direct to apply or inverse proportionalities Conclusions on the goodness the coating and / or impregnation in itself and their temporal resistance. The hydrophobization curve can Furthermore, with the efficiency of the anti-graffiti system the cleaning number C and other residual parameters, such. B. color or gloss, be correlated.

The Method for analysis corresponds to steps b) to e) Method for comparing anti-graffiti treated systems While building materials in step a) the selection is made concretely such that mandatory an untreated specimen must be present. This selection also correlates with step a) in the aging assessment process. Consequently, the previous ones Teaching the invention and its embodiments relating to the method to compare or evaluate the aging of anti-graffiti systems treated building materials valid and without restrictions applicable to the procedure for analyzing the same, if appropriate appears. Alternatively you can also the three procedures combined in their entirety.

in the deviating step f) is the effectiveness of the anti-graffiti system of the treated body evaluated on the hydrophobization curve.

Of the Area (A) reflects an anti-graffiti system with multi-layered Structure, which causes a partial filling of the pore space of the treated Reference or test body (layer 1) and the structure of a resting on the surface of the body coating (Layer 2 and possibly one or more further layers) comes. The coating acts as a separating layer for graffiti and can after the Apply graffiti to the reference or specimen along with the graffiti colorants be such. B. by hot water high pressure technology. The anti-graffiti system is therefore called a sacrificial layer. The presence of a large Electrolyte uptake is in this context as an indication of existence a functional anti-graffiti coating interpret (see Example 2). The anti-graffiti functionality of the multi-layer anti-graffiti victim system is ie directly proportional to the difference delta (t) and / or the ratio of Hydrowerte up to a building material specific limit. The limit represented in the area (A) in this case, the value above which no change in the efficiency of the anti-graffiti system to be recorded. Ie. provided a sufficient layer thickness and / or layer number for systems with a state curve in the range (A) is reached, none occurs saturation the complete layer with graffiti more. The beyond the release layer going Coating only affects the number of employees to be compensated Graffiti attacks. This limit depends from the building material used and is to be determined experimentally in the laboratory.

On the other hand, the area (C) based on single or multi-layer applied material of the anti-graffiti system, which has penetrated only in the pore space and after short-term water absorption forms a temporary barrier to the further penetration of electrolyte, so that the moisture consumption is reduced compared to the untreated test specimen (compare Example 2, 3). This is accompanied by preventing the penetration of graffiti into the building material, so that they can be removed more easily near the surface and on the anti-graffiti layer. The anti-graffiti functionality of the one-layer or multi-layer anti-graffiti non-victim system is thus inversely proportional to the difference delta (t) and / or the ratio of the hydropower up to a building-material-specific limit value. In addition, an anti-graffiti victim system can show a curve in the area (C), if the system is based on the principle of reduced moisture absorption, but is removed when removing the graffiti. For example, although waxes cause permanent sealing of the building material surface, they are melted and washed off using the hot water high pressure process. The limit in the range (C) here represents the value below which no change in the efficiency of the anti-graffiti system is recorded. Ie. if a subfloor has been sealed, further treatment will only improve system stability.

ever bigger the absolute amount of difference delta (t) is, the better the functionality an anti-graffiti system for considered or compared with another anti-graffiti system within of the same area (A) or (C). Since the systems of areas (A) and (C) are based on the aforementioned different principles on the other hand, no comparison of the absolute amounts of the difference delta (t) the areas (A) and (C) possible. This is also clear in the calculation of ratios that no linearity show values in the range (A) lying between 1 and infinity preferably big while the Values in the range (C) lying between 1 and 0 should be as small as possible. In one embodiment of the present method, the absolute amount the difference delta (t) of the hydropower at least 50 mV, preferably at least 200 mV, more preferably at least 500 mV, and / or The relationship greater than 1.5 or less than 0.9, preferably less than 0.6, more preferably less than 0.4.

• a) Bereitstellen mindestens eines unbehandelten Probekörpers eines Baustoffs und/oder mindestens eines behandelten Referenzkörpers des Baustoffs,
• b) Messen der Temperatur und der Baustofffeuchte der Körper,
• c) Abgeben von Elektrolytflüssigkeit in die Körper,
• d) Messen des zeitlichen Verlaufs der elektrischen Leitfähigkeit der Körper, wobei die Abhängigkeit der elektrischen Leitfähigkeit von der Baustofffeuchte berücksichtigt wird, und
• e) Aufnehmen von Baustoff, Anti-Graffiti-System und Messwerten in die Datenbank.

The invention further teaches a method of creating a database of anti-graffiti treatable or treated building materials comprising the steps of:

• a) providing at least one untreated test specimen of a building material and / or at least one treated reference body of the building material,
• b) measuring the temperature and the building material moisture of the bodies,
• c) dispensing electrolyte fluid into the body,
• d) measuring the time course of the electrical conductivity of the body, taking into account the dependence of the electrical conductivity of the building material moisture, and
• e) Recording of building material, anti-graffiti system and measured values in the database.

It Thus, material parameters, functionality and hydro-value are characterized in the laboratory and a database generated, in particular, the optimal state reflects. This will review the Efficiency of anti-graffiti systems in practice considerably simplified. From the knowledge of a certain constellation of building material and Anti-graffiti system can be resorted to the database and out the sole measurement of the hydro-value are statements about the condition possible in practice.

The Method of creating the database corresponds in steps b) to d) the previous method according to the invention, while in Step a) the selection is limited to the fact that only one untreated specimens and / or treated reference body present have to be. Consequently, the prior teaching of the invention and their embodiments concerning the comparison, evaluation or analysis method valid and without restrictions applicable to the database creation process, if appropriate appears. Alternatively you can also all the above methods are combined in their entirety. D. that is, the measured values obtained in all methods of the invention and other relevant parameters, such as B. material or functionality, part the database can be to unnecessary to avoid experimental repetitions.

Provided in a preferred embodiment in step a) provided an untreated specimen and a treated reference body can, between the steps d) and e) also the difference and / or the relationship the time course of the electrical conductivity of the treated reference body and of the untreated test specimen determined and in step e) the difference and / or the ratio in the database will be included.

In addition, in step e), further parameters can be included in the database, preferably color, gloss level, surface finish of the body and / or cleaning number C. The cleaning number C reflects the efficiency of the anti-graffiti system. In order to determine the functionality, paint is applied in a classical method, the building material is cleaned, and then an evaluation is carried out, as described in the regulations for the evaluation of processes, technologies, and materials for removing graffiti and graffiti prophylaxis. Michael Kupfer, 2000, is described. The rules will be in his Ge in the present application as a reference.

The The invention also relates to a method of quality control of anti-graffiti systems treated building materials, in which the inventive method for comparison of anti-graffiti treated building materials, the method of the invention to evaluate the aging of anti-graffiti treated systems Building materials and / or the inventive method for the analysis of building materials treated with anti-graffiti systems, wherein in step a) at least one of the bodies provided in the reality and the test piece and / or reference body in a database prepared by the method according to the invention to create a database of anti-graffiti systems Building materials provided and the steps b), c) and d) with the real body carried out become.

All The inventive method can thus also be carried out by means of virtually provided bodies can, as long as at least one of the bodies is real. Preferably, the untreated specimen is virtual and to this a treated reference body and / or a treated Calibrated test specimen, in particular a reference body and a specimen. It it is particularly preferred that in step a) both the untreated specimens as well as the treated reference body in the database and the treated specimens in the reality provided. The specimen is therefore as an object of quality control always real.

in the For the purposes of the present invention, physical Measuring methods for comparison, for the evaluation of aging and for Analysis of anti-graffiti treated building materials. The methods use the measurement of charge transport in electrolytic Liquids, wherein the measurement result is advantageously output as a hydro value. Because of the surprising Realizing that the hydro value is a measure of anti-graffiti protection represents, open the methods of the invention provide a reliable and reproducible evaluation the effectiveness of an anti-graffiti system on a porous building material. The process is not just in a few steps - the means of modern electronic hardware and software also automated can be easy and inexpensive perform, but finds over the laboratory also has practical application in the evaluation of building materials, as raw materials or already installed substances on construction sites or found on finished structures. The prior art knows only real testing procedures that apply and remove include and over colorants the absence of residues and Unchanged of the Building ground conclusions on Allow anti-graffiti protection. However, such an approach is not Guarantee for the subsequent one Lack of paint residue the building material or the unchanged both the anti-graffiti system and the ground itself. While So conventional methods only conditionally for the practical outdoor use are suitable, the inventive method is characterized by a non-invasive Character and no influence and destruction of the ground or the Anti-graffiti system off. The resulting, diverse uses of the method are in the quality control of the anti-graffiti coating, the recording of aging processes of the anti-graffiti system and the investigation the number of graffiti strokes, which copes with the system. Thus, advantageous from the determination the state curve under practical conditions and with knowledge the target or initial state (immediately after application of the anti-graffiti system) Statements for the currently achievable functionality of the anti-graffiti system derived as well as predicting a trend from the measured values become.

To are untreated substrates and examined substrates treated with the anti-graffiti system. Without the laboratory examination and determination of behavior are not an assignment to others specific Parameters, in particular the efficiency of an anti-graffiti system, which is characterized by the cleaning number C, and statements about the Condition possible. An essential parameter is the hydro value or its temporal value History measured for a specific anti-graffiti system are specific. The classes The anti-graffiti systems thus provide different hydropower or a different temporal behavior, on different Mechanisms are based. Hydrowertbestimmung and moisture measurement are inseparably connected. Alternatively to the measurement are with knowledge of Anti-graffiti system from analogy (database) statements about the Condition possible.

It should be understood that this invention is not limited to the specific methods, compositions and conditions described herein since such things may vary. It is further understood that the terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to limit the scope of the invention. As used herein in the specification including the appended claims, word forms in the singular, such as words, include For example, "a", "an", "an", "the" or "that" are plural equivalents unless the context clearly dictates otherwise. For example, the reference to "an electrolyte fluid" includes a single fluid or multiple fluids, which in turn may be identical or different, or the reference "one method" includes equivalent steps and methods known to those skilled in the art.

in the The invention will now be described by way of non-limiting examples for concrete embodiments explained in more detail.

1 shows the graphical evaluation of the measured values for a test specimen (temperature 20 ° C, concrete moisture 5% by mass) for the first 60 seconds.

2 shows the graphical evaluation of the measured values for two specimens treated with an anti-graffiti system (temperature 20 ° C, concrete moisture 5% by mass) for the first 60 seconds.

3 shows the graphical representation of delta (t) as a function of time (state curve or hydrophobization curve).

4 shows the hydrophobicity curves of an untreated concrete surface and an anti-graffiti treated concrete surface at different times.

5 shows the hydrophobization curves of an anti-graffiti treated concrete substrate after several cleaning cycles.

6 shows the relationship between humidity and hydro value.

EXAMPLE 1

The first embodiment deals with a method for determining the functionality of anti-graffiti systems with simultaneous determination of relevant material properties anti-graffiti systems and anti-graffiti systems Building materials.

1. Preparation of the specimen

A Concrete walkway slab is fitted with a hot water high-pressure cleaner (95 °, 80 bar) on the surface rinsed and freed from all loosely adhering soiling. The plate will follow set up for air drying under normal conditions. After 72 h will at 5 defined measuring locations the concrete moisture with a microwave measuring device at the surface and determined in 10, 15 and 20 mm depth. The measuring process will be after Repeated 24 hours. When comparing the mean of the measurements to the two times differs by less than 0.2 mass percent becomes the specimen the determination of further material parameters supplied. If the difference is greater than 0.2 Percent by mass, the air drying process is continued and after each further 24 h as long as checked until the difference to the previous measurement less than 0.2 mass percent is.

2. Measuring the specimens

Of the prepared specimens is achieved by measuring material properties at defined surface areas characterized. The measured data include z. B. Color of the test specimen (measuring method Spectrophotometer, data in the CIELAB system), gloss level of the test specimen (measuring method Reflectometer, details of the degree of gloss in the measuring geometry 20, 60 and 85 °), surface finish (Measuring method stylus device, Data of the Rz value), surface moisture of the specimen (Measuring method microwave measuring device, indication of the moisture in mass percentage), humidity profile of the test piece (Measuring method microwave oven, Details of the moisture in percentage by mass at different heights, such as z. B. 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35 and 40 mm), determination of the hydro value with a hydrophobization meter (measuring method electrical, Indication of the hydro value after 60 s and after 5, 10 and 15 minutes) and / or recording the time course of the hydro value over 15 minutes Measurement time.

3. Application of colorants

On the defined and measured sample areas are defined Colorant (color sprays, inks, underbody protection, etc.) applied. The specimens provided with the colorants become 7 days under normal conditions stored.

4. Removal of colorants

The specimens be using a hot water high pressure cleaner (95 °, 80 bar) cleaned. For this purpose, the specimen is treated evenly for a maximum of 3 minutes. The condition of the specimen is called after this treatment "with Hot water high pressure technique cleaned". The test piece can the next Purification step supplied when re-measuring surface moisture in the mean of the sample preparation measurement is not more than 0.2 mass% differs.

The specimen is wetted with a gel-like graffiti remover for 5 minutes, the surface temperature must be between 20 and 30 ° C. The specimens are cleaned with a hot water high-pressure cleaner (95 °, 80 bar). For this purpose, the specimen is treated evenly for a maximum of 3 minutes. The state of the specimen after this treatment is "cleaned with chemical graffiti removers". The test piece can be fed to the next cleaning step, if the re-measurement of the surface moisture in the mean value does not deviate from the sample preparation measurement by more than 0.2 mass%.

Of the specimens is wetted with a gel-like tar remover for 5 minutes, wherein the surface temperature between 20 and 30 ° C must lie. The test specimens be using a hot water high pressure cleaner (95 °, 80 bar) cleaned. For this purpose, the specimen is treated evenly for a maximum of 3 minutes. The condition of the specimen is called after this treatment "with chemical tar remover ". The test piece can be the next Purification step supplied when the re - measurement of the surface moisture is on average of the Measurement during sample preparation not more than 0.2 mass percent differs.

Of the specimens comes with a liquid shade remover for 5 minutes wetted, the surface temperature between 20 and 30 ° C must lie. The test specimens be using a hot water high pressure cleaner (95 °, 80 bar) cleaned. For this purpose, the specimen is treated evenly for a maximum of 3 minutes. The condition of the specimen is called after this treatment "with chemical shade remover cleaned ". The test specimen can the next cleaning step supplied when re-measuring surface moisture in the mean of the sample preparation measurement is not more than 0.2 mass% differs.

Of the specimens comes with a thick Bleach for Wetted for 5 minutes, the surface temperature between 20 and 30 ° C must lie. The test specimens be using a hot water high pressure cleaner (95 °, 80 bar) cleaned. For this purpose, the specimen is treated evenly for a maximum of 3 minutes. The condition of the specimen is called after this treatment "with chemical bleach cleaned ".

5. Measurement of the specimens after cleaning

Of the purified specimens after its measured surface moisture does not exceed 0.2 Mass percentage of the mean of the sample preparation measurement deviates from the measurement of material properties at defined surface areas characterized. The measured data include z. B. Color of the test specimen (measuring method Spectrophotometer, data in the CIELAB system), gloss level of the test specimen (measuring method Reflectometer, details of the degree of gloss in the measuring geometry 20, 60 and 85 °), surface finish (Measuring method stylus device, Data of the Rz value), Surface moisture of the specimen (Measuring method microwave measuring device, indication of the moisture in mass percentage), humidity profile of the test piece (Measuring method microwave oven, Details of the moisture in percentage by mass at different heights, such as z. B. 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35 and 40 mm), determination of the hydro value with a hydrophobization meter (measuring method electrical, Indication of the hydro value after 60 s and after 5, 10 and 15 minutes) and / or recording the time course of the hydro value over 15 minutes Measurement time.

6. Evaluation of the functionality

Of the purified specimens after its measured surface moisture does not exceed 0.2 Mass percentage of the mean of the sample preparation measurement differs with respect to the removal of the applied colorants characterized. On the one hand, the color of the cleaned Test fields of the test specimen (Measurement method spectrophotometer, data in the CIELAB system) certainly. additionally a test person evaluates the cleaning performance by optics a key figure system (laboratory Dr. Michael copper, rules for the evaluation of methods, technologies and materials for graffiti removal and Graffiti prophylaxis, 2000).

7. Preparation of treated reference bodies

It become reference bodies produced after step 1 and 2. The reference body becomes an anti-graffiti system Prepared according to manufacturer's instructions. It the total moisture consumption is determined. The reference bodies will be stored according to manufacturer's instructions under normal conditions for at least 7 days.

8. Measurement of the treated reference body

Of the treated reference body is after storage by the measurement of material properties at defined surface areas characterized. The measured data include z. B. Color of the test specimen (measuring method Spectrophotometer, data in the CIELAB system), gloss level of the test piece (Measurement method reflectometer, details of the degree of gloss in the measurement geometry 20, 60 and 85 °), Surface condition (measuring method stylus instrument, Data of the Rz value), surface moisture of the test specimen (measuring method Microwave Meter Indication of the moisture in percentage by mass), moisture profile of the test specimen (measuring method Microwave, Details of the moisture in percentage by mass at different heights, such as z. B. 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35 and 40 mm), determination of the hydro value with a hydrophobization meter (measuring method electrical, Indication of the hydro value after 60 s and after 5, 10 and 15 minutes) and / or recording the time course of the hydro value over 15 minutes Measurement time.

9. Comparison of the cleaning performance of untreated specimens with treated reference bodies

To execution Steps 1 to 6 are obtained the record for an untreated specimen. After execution Steps 1, 2, 7, 8 and 3 to 6 gives the record for one treated reference body. The comparison of the two datasets allows an evaluation of the effectiveness of the anti-graffiti system.

EXAMPLE 2

The second embodiment deals with a procedure for determining the relationship between relevant ones Material properties of anti-graffiti systems or properties of building materials treated with anti-graffiti systems with the achievable functionality at graffiti removal

1. Preparation of the specimen

A Concrete walkway slab is fitted with a hot water high-pressure cleaner (95 °, 80 bar) on the surface rinsed and freed from all loosely adhering soiling. The plate will follow set up for air drying under normal conditions. After 72 h will at 5 defined measuring locations the concrete moisture with a microwave measuring device at the surface and determined in 10, 15 and 20 mm depth. The measuring process will be after Repeated 24 hours. When comparing the mean of the measurements to the two times differs by less than 0.2 mass percent becomes the specimen the determination of further material parameters supplied. If the difference is greater than 0.2 Percent by mass, the air drying process is continued and after each further 24 h as long as checked until the difference to the previous measurement less than 0.2 mass percent is.

2. Determination of the hydro value

On the top of the prepared test specimen, the temperature and the moisture content of the concrete are determined with a microwave measuring instrument at the surface and at 10, 15 and 20 mm depth. Subsequently, with a hydrophobization measuring device (eg HDBMG-02), the time profile (recording of the measured values, for example every 2 seconds) of the hydrodynamic value is determined simultaneously at four measuring locations. The measurement is ended after 15 minutes. The time course of the specific hydrofoils is evaluated by the formation of the average value of the hydropower at the four measuring locations at the same measuring time ( 1 ).

3. Coating of the test specimens

It be two specimens with an anti-graffiti system (eg Sealer G) coated. Test specimen 1 becomes coated with one layer of 70 gsm. Test specimen 2 is successively with provided three layers, with an intermediate drying after each coating of 3 h (storage at 20 ° C, 60% rel. Humidity). The consumption is 70 gsm, 60 gsm or 90 gsm for the individual processing steps. Test specimens 1 and 2 are after the Coating stored for 7 days under normal conditions.

4. Determination of the hydropower of test specimens 1 and 2

On the top of the coated test specimen, the temperature and the concrete moisture are determined using a microwave measuring instrument at the surface and at 10, 15 and 20 mm depth. Subsequently, with a hydrophobization measuring device (eg HDBMG-02), the time profile (recording of the measured values, for example every 2 seconds) of the hydrodynamic value is determined simultaneously at four measuring locations. The measurement is ended after 15 minutes. The time course of the specific hydrofoils is evaluated by the formation of the average value of the hydropower at the four measuring locations at the same measuring time ( 2 ).

5. Determination of changes in the hydro value by coating

From the determined data of the Hydrowerte the difference is formed at the respective time ( 3 ): Delta (t) = Hydro values (t) _specimen - Hydro value (t) _specimen

6. Interpretation of the results

The evaluation of the state curve in the present example allows the following statements to be made regarding the state of the anti-graffiti systems: Test specimens 1 and 2 have a different behavior compared to the untreated specimen in the uptake of the electrolyte, since significant deviations from the range B (delta ( t) = 0). Both test pieces have a negative delta (t) value immediately after the start of the measurement. Compared to the untreated specimen, the coating briefly reduces the electrolyte uptake. The values delta (t) then go for the test piece 1 for a short time and for the test piece 2 consistently in the range greater than zero. Compared to the untreated specimen, an increased electrolyte uptake is observed. The delta (t) value of the test piece 1 becomes negative after 10 seconds and then remains in the negative range. The electrolyte uptake is then reduced in comparison to the untreated test specimen. Specimen 2 always has a positive delta (t) value for 5 seconds. It is reached after 10 s an equilibrium value, reaching it with the electrolyte uptake of the anti-graffiti system is related.

7. Determination of functionality

15 different colorants are applied to the untreated test specimens and to the two test specimens (method example 1, points 3 to 6). The colorants are removed after 7 days alone with a hot water high pressure cleaner (95 ° C, 80 bar). After drying and evaluation, the following key figures for the cleaning performance result:
Untreated test specimen: cleaning number C15 = 25, number of cleaning inks = 14, number of cleaning sprays = 37; Specimen 1: Cleaning number C15 = 79, number of cleaning inks = 67, number of cleaning sprays = 93; Test specimen 2: cleaning number C15 = 92, cleaning number ink = 84, cleaning number spray paint = 100.

in this connection cleaning numbers are standardized sums of individual key figures, each for one applied colorant can be determined. The cleaning number can between 0 and 100, where 100 means that no residual colorants after cleaning are recognizable and 0, if through the cleaning no removal of colorants is observed (Laboratory Dr. Michael Copper, rules for the Evaluation of methods, technologies and materials for graffiti removal and graffiti prophylaxis, 2000).

8. Evaluation of the results

The Condition curve of specimen 1 occupies the Presence of the anti-graffiti system. The determinable cleaning performance is bigger than in the untreated test piece. The determined state curve of test specimen 2 confirms the structure of a test specimen specific coating. Here is a significant improvement possible during the removal of colorants.

EXAMPLE 3

The third embodiment deals with a method for assessing the condition of anti-graffiti systems treated building materials after weathering due to aging.

1. Measurement before applying the anti-graffiti system

On A concrete base should be an anti - graffiti system based on a Two-component polyurethane polyurethane applied in two layers (2 layers of 200 gsm each) become. The concrete surface to be processed is determined by the measurement characterized by material properties at defined surface areas. Belong to the measurement data z. B. Color of the specimen (Measuring method spectrophotometer, data in the CIELAB system), Gloss level of the test specimen (Measurement method reflectometer, details of the degree of gloss in the measurement geometry 20, 60 and 85 °), surface finish (Measuring method stylus device, Data of the Rz value), surface temperature, surface moisture of the test piece (Measuring method microwave measuring device, indication of the moisture in mass percentage), Moisture profile of the test specimen (Measuring method microwave oven, Details of the moisture in percentage by mass at different heights, such as z. B. 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35 and 40 mm), determination of the hydro value with a hydrophobization meter (measuring method electrical, Indication of the hydro value after 60 s and after 5, 10 and 15 minutes) and / or recording the time course of the hydro value over 15 minutes measurement time.

2. Execution of the coating

On the concrete substrate is the anti-graffiti system according to the manufacturer processed in two layers. The coating cures under normal weathering conditions 7 days off.

3. Measurement after application of the anti-graffiti system

Of the Condition of the surface treated with the anti-graffiti system by measuring material properties at defined surface areas characterized as initial state. The measured data include z. B. Color of the test specimen (measuring method Spectrophotometer, data in the CIELAB system), gloss level of the test piece (Measurement method reflectometer, details of the degree of gloss in the measurement geometry 20, 60 and 85 °), surface texture (Measuring method stylus device, Data of the Rz value), surface moisture of the test piece (Measuring method microwave measuring device) indication of the moisture in mass percentage), Moisture profile of the test specimen (Measuring method microwave oven, Details of the moisture in percent by mass at different heights, such as z. B. 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35 and 40 mm), determination of the hydro value with a hydrophobization meter (measuring method electrical, Indication of the hydro value after 60 s and after 5, 10 and 15 minutes) and / or recording the time course of the hydro value over 15 minutes Measurement time.

4. Examination of the state of the anti-graffiti coating

The condition of the surface treated with the anti-graffiti system is characterized by the measurement of material properties at defined surface areas after a one-year service life. The measured data include z. B. Color of the sample body (measurement method spectrophotometer, data in the CIELAB system), specimen gloss (Reflectometer method, degrees of gloss for measurements 20, 60 and 85 °), surface finish (stylus method, Rz value), surface moisture of the specimen (Measuring method microwave measuring device, indication of the moisture in mass percentage), moisture profile of the test specimen (measurement device microwave, data of the moisture in mass percentage at different heights, such as 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35 and 40 mm), determination of the Hydrowert with a Hydrophobierungsmessgerät (measuring method electrical) indication of the hydro value after 60 s and after 5, 10 and 15 minutes) and / or recording the time course of the hydro value over 15 minutes measuring time.

5. Characterization of the state of Anti-graffiti coating

In comparison to the untreated concrete surface, the hydrophobization curve of the initial state shows a hydrophobization (no uptake of an electrolyte in the measuring process) in the maximum range. After one year, a loss of the hydrophobing effect is noticeable, which in the concrete case is due to an improper removal of graffiti with damage to the permanent anti-graffiti system ( 4 ).

EXAMPLE 4

The fourth embodiment deals with a method for assessing the condition of anti-graffiti systems treated building materials after cleaning.

1. Measurement before applying the anti-graffiti system

On A concrete base should be an anti - graffiti system based on a impregnant (2 treatments, wet on wet, consumption 175 gsm and 60 gsm) become. The concrete surface to be processed is determined by the measurement characterized by material properties at defined surface areas. The measured data include z. B. Color of the specimen (Measurement method spectrophotometer, data in the CIELAB system), gloss level of the test piece (Measurement method reflectometer, details of the degree of gloss in the measurement geometry 20, 60 and 85 °), surface finish (Measuring method stylus device, Data of the Rz value), surface temperature, surface moisture of the test piece (Measuring method microwave measuring device, indication of the moisture in mass percentage), Moisture profile of the test specimen (Measuring method microwave oven, Details of the moisture in percentage by mass at different heights, such as z. B. 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35 and 40 mm), determination of the hydro value with a hydrophobization meter (measuring method electrical, Indication of the hydro value after 60 s and after 5, 10 and 15 minutes) and / or recording the time course of the hydro value over 15 minutes Measurement time.

2. Execution of the coating

On the concrete substrate is the anti-graffiti system according to the manufacturer processed. The impregnation Dries under normal weather conditions for 7 days.

3. Measurement after application of the anti-graffiti system

Of the Condition of the surface treated with the anti-graffiti system by measuring material properties at defined surface areas characterized as initial state. The measured data include z. B. Color of the test specimen (measuring method Spectrophotometer, data in the CIELAB system), gloss level of the test piece (Measurement method reflectometer, details of the degree of gloss in the measurement geometry 20, 60 and 85 °), surface texture (Measuring method stylus device, Data of the Rz value), surface moisture of the test piece (Measuring method microwave measuring device, indication of the moisture in mass percentage), Moisture profile of the test specimen (Measuring method microwave oven, Details of the moisture in percent by mass at different heights, such as z. B. 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35 and 40 mm), determination of the hydro value with a hydrophobization meter (measuring method electrical, Indication of the hydro value after 60 s and after 5, 10 and 15 minutes) and / or recording the time course of the hydro value over 15 minutes Measurement time.

4. Application of colorants

On the defined and measured sample areas are defined Colorant (color sprays, inks, underbody protection, etc.) applied. The specimens provided with the colorants become 7 days under normal conditions stored.

5. Removal of colorants

The specimens be using a hot water high pressure cleaner (95 °, 80 bar) cleaned. For this purpose, the specimen is treated evenly for a maximum of 3 minutes. The condition of the specimen is called after this treatment "with Hot water high pressure technique cleaned". The test piece can be the next Purification step supplied when re-measuring surface moisture in the mean of the sample preparation measurement is not more than 0.2 mass% differs.

Of the specimens is wetted with a gel-like graffiti remover for 5 minutes, taking the surface temperature between 20 and 30 ° C must lie. The test specimens be using a hot water high pressure cleaner (95 °, 80 bar) cleaned. For this purpose, the specimen is treated evenly for a maximum of 3 minutes. The condition of the specimen is called after this treatment "with cleaned with chemical graffiti removers ". The test specimen can the next cleaning step supplied when re-measuring surface moisture in the mean of the sample preparation measurement is not more than 0.2 mass% differs.

Of the specimens is wetted with a gel-like tar remover for 5 minutes, wherein the surface temperature between 20 and 30 ° C must lie. The test specimens be using a hot water high pressure cleaner (95 °, 80 bar) cleaned. For this purpose, the specimen is treated evenly for a maximum of 3 minutes. The condition of the specimen is called after this treatment "with chemical tar remover ". The test piece can be the next Purification step supplied when the re - measurement of the surface moisture is on average of the Measurement during sample preparation not more than 0.2 mass percent differs.

Of the specimens comes with a liquid shade remover for 5 minutes wetted, the surface temperature between 20 and 30 ° C must lie. The test specimens be using a hot water high pressure cleaner (95 °, 80 bar) cleaned. For this purpose, the specimen is treated evenly for a maximum of 3 minutes. The condition of the specimen is called after this treatment "with chemical shade remover cleaned ". The test specimen can the next cleaning step supplied when re-measuring surface moisture in the mean of the sample preparation measurement is not more than 0.2 mass% differs.

Of the specimens comes with a thick Bleach for Wetted for 5 minutes, the surface temperature between 20 and 30 ° C must lie. The test specimens be using a hot water high pressure cleaner (95 °, 80 bar) cleaned. For this purpose, the specimen is treated evenly for a maximum of 3 minutes. The condition of the specimen is called after this treatment "with chemical bleach cleaned ".

6. Measurement of the specimens after cleaning

Of the purified specimens after its measured surface moisture does not exceed 0.2 Mass percentage of the mean of the sample preparation measurement deviates from the measurement of material properties at defined surface areas characterized. The measured data include z. B. Color of the test specimen (measuring method Spectrophotometer, data in the CIELAB system), gloss level of the test specimen (measuring method Reflectometer, details of the degree of gloss in the measuring geometry 20, 60 and 85 °), surface finish (Measuring method stylus device, Data of the Rz value), Surface moisture of the specimen (Measuring method microwave measuring device, indication of the moisture in mass percentage), humidity profile of the test piece (Measuring method microwave oven, Details of the moisture in percentage by mass at different heights, such as z. B. 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35 and 40 mm), determination of the hydro value with a hydrophobization meter (measuring method electrical, Indication of the hydro value after 60 s and after 5, 10 and 15 minutes) and / or recording the time course of the hydro value over 15 minutes Measurement time.

7. Repeat the cleaning cycle

The Steps 3 to 7 are repeated twice.

8. Evaluation of the functionality

Of the purified specimens after its measured surface moisture does not exceed 0.2 Mass percentage of the mean of the sample preparation measurement differs with respect to the removal of the applied colorants characterized. On the one hand, the color of the cleaned Test fields of the test specimen (Measurement method spectrophotometer, data in the CIELAB system) certainly. additionally a test person evaluates the cleaning performance by optics an indicator system. After drying and evaluation revealed the following key figures for the cleaning services "with Hot water high pressure technique cleaned".

untreated Specimens: Cleaning number C10 = 74; 1. Cleaning: cleaning number C10 = 99; 2. Cleaning: cleaning number C10 = 92; 3. Cleaning: cleaning number C10 = 85.

in this connection cleaning numbers are standardized sums of individual key figures, each for one applied colorant can be determined. The cleaning number can between 0 and 100, where 100 means that no residual colorants after cleaning are recognizable and 0, if through the cleaning no removal of colorants is observed (Laboratory Dr: Michael Copper, rules for the Evaluation of methods, technologies and materials for graffiti removal and graffiti prophylaxis, 2000).

9. Characterization of the state of Anti-graffiti coating

In comparison to the untreated concrete surface with delta (t) = 0, the curve of the initial state shows a hydrophobization (no uptake of an electrolyte in the measuring process) in the maximum range. After the first purification, a loss of the hydrophobing effect occurs, ie delta (t) ≥ delta (t) _{initial state} . After the second cleaning cycle, a significant impairment of the hydrophobing effect is observed ( 5 ). The loss of the hydrophobing effect is reflected in the achievable cleaning performance for subsequent cleanings. Thus there is a connection between the state curve and the achievable functionality in color removal.

Claims (20)

Method for comparing with anti-graffiti systems treated building materials with the steps: a) Provide of at least two bodies of a building material selected from the group of untreated specimen, treated reference body and treated specimen, b) Measuring the temperature and building material humidity of the body, c) Dispensing electrolyte fluid in the body, d) Measuring the time course of the electrical conductivity the body, where the dependence the electrical conductivity taken into account by the building material moisture becomes, e) determining the difference and / or the ratio the time course of the electrical conductivity between two bodies and f) Compare the anti-graffiti systems of the body. Method according to claim 1, characterized in that that in step a) the treated bodies with one or more Layers of the anti-graffiti system and / or with an impregnation be provided as an anti-graffiti system. Method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized that in step b) the time course of the building material moisture is measured becomes. Method according to claim 3, characterized that the measuring of the building material humidity is stopped when the temporal change the mass of the body less than 0.2 mass percent. Method according to claim 4, characterized in that that the time interval between two measured values is a maximum of 24 h is. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized characterized in that in step b) in a maximum building depth of 40 mm, preferably in a building depth of 10 mm, 15 mm and / or 20 mm. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized characterized in that in step b) the bodies have a building material moisture content of 1 to 15 mass%, preferably from 2 to 10 mass%, more preferably from 3 to 5% by mass. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized characterized in that in step c) calcium hydroxide as the electrolyte liquid is delivered. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized characterized in that in step d) the time course maximum 15 min is measured, preferably 1 min. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized characterized in that in step e) the difference of the temporal Course of the electrical conductivity is determined. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized characterized in that in step a) an untreated specimen, a treated reference body and provided a treated specimen, in step e) the difference and / or the ratio of the time course the electrical conductivity of the treated body and the untreated test specimen determined and in step f) the anti-graffiti systems of the treated body be compared. Method according to claim 11, characterized in that that in step f) the deviation of the differences and / or relationships for the both treated bodies less than 10%, preferably less than 5%, more preferably 0%. Method for evaluating the aging of building materials treated with anti-graffiti systems comprising the steps of: a) providing at least one untreated specimen of a building material and at least one treated reference body of the building material and / or a treated specimen of the building material, b) measuring the temperature and the Building material moisture of the body, c) dispensing of electrolyte fluid into the body, d) measuring the time course of the electrical conductivity of the body, taking into account the dependence of the electrical conductivity of the building material moisture, e) determining the difference and / or the ratio of the time course the electrical conductor f) repeating steps b) to e) with the treated body at any time; g) comparing the functionality of the anti-graffiti system of the treated body with the respective initial state, wherein an absolute Amount of difference that is less than the absolute amount of the difference of step e), and / or a ratio closer to 1 than the ratio of step e), correlates with decreased functionality of the anti-graffiti system, and optionally h) repeating steps f) to h). Method according to claim 13, characterized in that that before step f) and optionally before step h) graffiti on the treated body applied and removed after a defined time. Method of analysis with anti-graffiti systems treated building materials with the steps: a) Provide at least one untreated specimen of a building material and at least a treated reference body the building material and / or a treated specimen of the building material, b) Measuring the temperature and building material humidity of the body, c) Dispensing electrolyte fluid in the body, d) Measuring the time course of the electrical conductivity the body, where the dependence the electrical conductivity taken into account by the building material moisture becomes, e) determining the difference and / or the ratio the time course of the electrical conductivity of the treated body and of the untreated test specimen, and f) Evaluate the functionality of the anti-graffiti system the treated body, wherein the anti-graffiti functionality to the difference and / or the relationship up to a building-specific limit directly proportional if the difference is greater than 0 and / or The relationship greater than 1, or the anti-graffiti functionality to the difference and / or the ratio up is inversely proportional to a building-specific limit, if the difference is less than 0 and / or the ratio is less than 1. Method for creating a database with Anti-graffiti systems treatable or treated building materials with the steps: a) providing at least one untreated specimen of a Building material and / or at least one treated reference body of Building Material, b) measuring the temperature and the building material moisture of the Body, c) Dispensing electrolyte fluid in the body, d) Measuring the time course of the electrical conductivity the body, where the dependence the electrical conductivity taken into account by the building material moisture will, and e) Recording of building material, anti-graffiti system and measured values into the database. Method according to claim 16, characterized in that in step a), an untreated specimen and a treated reference body are provided, between step d) and e) the difference and / or the ratio of time course of the electrical conductivity of the treated reference body and of the untreated test specimen determined and in step e) the difference and / or the ratio in the database will be included. Method according to claim 16 or 17, characterized that in step e) further parameters are included in the database be, preferably color, gloss, surface texture of the body and / or Cleaning number C. Quality control procedure with anti-graffiti systems treated building materials, in which the method according to claim 1, 13 and / or 15 performed in step a) at least one of the provided body in reality and the specimen and / or reference body in a database prepared according to the method of claim 16, provided and the steps b), c) and d) with the real body carried out become. Method according to claim 19, characterized that in step a) the untreated test specimen and the treated reference body in the Database and the treated specimen in the reality to be provided.