DE102007048734A1 - Building materials comparing method for use in construction site, involves determining difference and/or ratio of progress of electric conductivities between bodies of building materials, and comparing anti-graffiti systems of bodies - Google Patents

Abstract

The method involves providing two bodies of building materials selected from a group of a not processed sample, a processed reference body and a processed testing body. Temperature and humidity of the materials are measured, and electric fluid is dispensed in the bodies. Temporal progress of the electric conductivities of the bodies is measured depending on the humidity of the materials. The difference and/or the ratio of the progress of the electric conductivities between the bodies are determined, and anti-graffiti systems of the bodies are compared. Independent claims are also included for the following: (1) a method for evaluating aging of building materials, which are processed with anti-graffiti systems (2) a method for analyzing building materials (3) a method for creating a database of building materials.

Description

The The invention relates to a method for comparing anti-graffiti systems treated building materials with those mentioned in the preamble of claim 1 Features. According to the invention is based on the electrical Conduct the functionality of anti-graffiti systems evaluated and compared with each other. The method is suitable for the quality control of test specimens on construction sites and the determination of building material sensitivity to natural Weathering or cleaning processes. Another object of the The invention is a method for creating a database with Anti-graffiti systems treatable or treated building materials.

graffiti are as pictures or slogans in felt-tip pen, spray paint or other color systems have become a conspicuous problem. Most of them are unwanted graffiti there usually as property damage or disfigurement to one concrete damage pattern. Property owners and users are therefore interested in the graffiti as possible to remove quickly and comprehensively. In the area of graffiti removal and graffiti prophylaxis are currently more than 250 products on the market.

Graffiti removal means that applied colorants and their components as far as possible without residue be removed without losing the structure and properties of the Affect the substrate. Graffiti and paint smear are removed in practice with different technologies. In addition to the use of chemical graffiti removers, their ingredients u. a. Special solvents are also a mechanical one Color removal by means of abrasive methods, such. B. micro-dry blasting technique, Particle jet method, low pressure rotary vortex method or High pressure possible. However, this is the universal product not yet found for graffiti removal. development and use of ever new aerosols and chemically different Composite color systems make their removal more difficult. The success the graffiti removal with the mentioned technologies depends of different influencing variables of the different ones Substrate from, u. a. the mechanical stability of the affected underground material, its capillary suction, the moisture content and the roughness of the background material count. In addition, graffiti media can in particular in the outdoor area due to weathering (eg sunlight) and aging change greatly and thus after already short Shelf life is even more difficult to remove.

The technical limits of graffiti removal have to development the product category of graffiti prophylaxes, Protect the surfaces preventively and the removal make graffiti easier. Graffiti prophylaxis refers to measures where the underground to facilitate Graffitientfernung with a special coating, d. H. Trennschichtbildner, impregnation or Anti-graffiti system is treated, so that later graffiti with the associated cleaning technology in comparison can be better removed to the untreated surface. It is increasing between victim systems and non-victim systems The anti-graffiti efficiency differentiates, with the anti-graffiti properties based on biopolymers, (metal-crosslinked) acrylates, siloxane / wax mixtures, fluorine-containing impregnates, 2-component polyurethanes, crosslinked siloxanes or modified acrylates.

A surface has the maximum anti-graffiti efficiency when graffiti is removed so that all the properties of the surface can be completely restored after graffiti removal. The anti-graffiti efficiency is a characteristic but latent property for a substrate which, due to the complexity of the parameters including the unlimited variety of colorants used for the graffiti, can not yet be determined in a physical measuring method. In the prior art, the anti-graffiti efficiency is therefore determinable only in a time and cost intensive cleaning cycle, in which after application of specified colorants with a selected cleaning technology removal of the colorant is performed. For the evaluation of cleaning technologies or the definition of technical guidelines for graffiti removal, the anti-graffiti efficiency is due to complex key figures, limit values and the like. Ä., For example, the cleaning number C ( Laboratory Dr. Michael Kupfer, Rules for Evaluating Procedures, Technologies, and Materials for Graffiti Removal and Graffiti Prosecution, 2000 ), the change in the roughness of the substrate by the cleaning process or the change in the color of the substrate by the cleaning process include. Subsequently, the anti-graffiti efficiency of the untreated and the treated substrate is compared under otherwise identical conditions (colorant, cleaning technology) in order to evaluate the anti-graffiti systems.

To check the anti-graffiti efficiency under practical conditions, such as: B. after weathering or a single Graffitientfernung, had previously applied the specified for the laboratory colorant as possible under the laboratory conditions and removed with the specified technology again. At least in the anti-graffiti systems of the so-called class of victim systems leads the Thus, the use of this method to prove the quality of the applied anti-graffiti system is not suitable.

Of the Invention is based on the object, which indicated in the prior art Overcome the disadvantages of determining the anti-graffiti efficiency and to develop a physical measuring method that works through a simple realization as well as the freedom from destruction from underground or anti-graffiti system. It is one Another object of the invention, data treated with anti-graffiti systems To make building materials available in such a way that elaborate experimental Provisions are reduced.

• a) Bereitstellen von mindestens zwei Körpern eines Baustoffs, ausgewählt aus der Gruppe von unbehandeltem Probekörpers, behandeltem Referenzkörper und behandeltem Prüfkörper,
• b) Messen der Temperatur und der Baustofffeuchte der Körper,
• c) Abgeben von Elektrolytflüssigkeit in die Körper,
• d) Messen des zeitlichen Verlaufs der elektrischen Leitfähigkeit der Körper, wobei die Abhängigkeit der elektrischen Leitfähigkeit von der Baustofffeuchte berücksichtigt wird,
• e) Bestimmen der Differenz und/oder des Verhältnisses des zeitlichen Verlaufs der elektrischen Leitfähigkeit zwischen jeweils zwei Körpern, und
• f) Vergleichen der Anti-Graffiti-Systeme der Körper.

The object of the invention is achieved according to the independent claims. The subclaims contain preferred embodiments. According to the invention, a method is provided for comparing building materials treated with anti-graffiti systems, comprising the following steps:

• a) provision of at least two bodies of a building material selected from the group of untreated test specimen, treated reference body and treated specimen,
• b) measuring the temperature and the building material moisture of the bodies,
• c) dispensing electrolyte fluid into the body,
• d) measuring the time course of the electrical conductivity of the body, taking into account the dependence of the electrical conductivity on the building material moisture,
• e) determining the difference and / or the ratio of the time profile of the electrical conductivity between each two bodies, and
• f) Compare the anti-graffiti systems of the body.

It is hitherto only known that a so-called hydrovalent can be used in investigations of the durability of water repellents on concrete with regard to their water-repellent effect ( Long-term studies of water repellents. Reports of the Federal Institute for Roads, Bridges and Civil Engineering, Issue B 10, Bergisch Gladbach, 1995 ).

Of the Inventor could now surprisingly show that the measurement of electrical conductivity is excellent to evaluate the functionality of an anti-graffiti system suitable. The process can be universally applied to all porous, absorbent substrates find application, the the penetration of an electrolyte fluid as a prerequisite allow the conductivity measurement. By the electric Conductivity of a treated with an anti-graffiti system Body in relation to the untreated body of the same Building material or a treated reference body thereof Building material is an evaluation of the effectiveness of the anti-graffiti system possible. The following scenarios are conceivable: The comparison an untreated test specimen with a treated specimen Reference body or a treated specimen Leave a yes / no statement regarding an existing anti-graffiti protection to. The direct comparison of a treated reference body and a treated specimen allows one Statement about the quality of the anti-graffiti protection based on the deviation of the trace. It is understood that in these Constellations of the Subtrahend acting body the Zero-line or the divisor body is a constant Ratio equal to 1 embodied. About that In addition, it is also possible to treat the treated reference body and the treated specimen to compare that both bodies initially regarding their anti-graffiti protection over the untreated Test specimens are analyzed and subsequently the relative values are compared. In this case corresponds the time course of the electrical conductivity ever according to mathematical determination method with 0 (difference method) or 1 (ratio method). All data can be integrated into a database, so that in further comparisons a well-known combination of building material and anti-graffiti system this data and no further experimental measurement is used can be.

According to the invention, in a first step a) at least two bodies of a building material are provided, which are selected from the group consisting of untreated specimen, treated reference body and treated specimen. In order to ensure a correlation of the measured data, all bodies within a sequence of steps of steps a) to f) consist of the same building material. The term "test specimen" refers in the sense of a standardized workpiece, which is the subject of investigations in the laboratory and is defined by its physicochemical parameters, These physicochemical parameters are also found within appropriate tolerances in the case of reference specimens. Consequently, a "reference body" is a workpiece to be examined in the laboratory, which differs from the test body only by the presence of a coating in the form of an anti-graffiti system. In contrast, the "test specimen" represents a building object or a part of it that is exposed to the real danger of graffiti contamination in the environment and whose physicochemical parameters are subject to changes due to external influences.The specimen can be treated with an anti-graffiti system What is preferred here or not, in the latter case, the specimen in a may have graffiti protection, which is rather rare or not. The specimen is z. B. on a construction site and is an integral part of a building to be built. The anti-graffiti system or the inherent anti-graffiti protection of the reference body and test specimen match.

Under "Treat" i. P. D. Invention is understood as a contacting of reference and / or test specimens with at least one anti-graffiti system, the without chemical conversion. Dependent on of the desired behavior of the anti-graffiti system the various cleaning procedures in the case of a graffiti stroke a selection of the underlying compounds and the Type of application. Basically, the treated body provided with one or more layers of the anti-graffiti system. Victim systems are usually applied several times. The for the protective effect necessary material consumption depends on the porosity of the subsurface. After a graffiti strike the coating system is composed by a cleaning process removed with the graffiti and must be completely renewed become. For the Graffitientfernung is normally water sufficient. Chemical removers for victim systems can become necessary if the system is strong or long of weathering was suspended. Non-victim systems are created by applying permanent, mostly non-reversible surface coatings, and are used by chemical cleaning agents (eg solvents) not attacked. They are weather resistant and stay that way even after removal of the graffiti continue to be effective. In one embodiment of the present method is to provide a treated Body with several layers of anti-graffiti system prefers. Furthermore, the body can also be treated like this be that he is provided with an impregnation, the penetrates into the pores of the building material, but no coherent Layer forms, and a repulsive hydrophobic and / or oleophobic effect out of the pore structure conditioned. That `s how it is possible that the treated body both a Having coating as well as an impregnation. Especially An impregnation and subsequent coating is possible.

ever after which intention pursues the application of the procedure, finds a treated reference body and / or specimen Entrance in step a). A reference body is z. B. sufficient to the connection between the treatment of a defined building material with a defined anti-graffiti system under defined conditions and to determine the anti-graffiti functionality and in the result to generate a calibration function. Opposite is one Test specimen u. a. sufficient to the temporal Track the progress of anti-graffiti functionality. The use of a treated reference body and a treated specimens in turn, if the latter not inherent graffiti protection is expressed in particular in quality control when comparing actual / target states appropriate.

The Preparing the body essentially involves cleaning on the surface, leaving them from loosely adhering soils be freed. In addition, the prepared body by measuring material properties at defined surface areas be characterized. The optional measurement data include z. B. color, gloss and / or surface finish of the test piece. The measurement of material properties may be before and / or after treatment with the anti-graffiti system happen.

Of the Building material in itself has a basic moisture, both from the material as well as the external conditions and not necessarily to a reproducible measurement signal must lead. Therefore, not only is the discharge of an electrolyte liquid in later step c) necessary to charge carriers provide, but if necessary, a previous drying of the building material advised to prevent distortions of the measured values. This drying can be carried out, for example, as air drying under normal conditions be designed.

mandatory So is the measurement of building material humidity and temperature of the body in step b) of the method according to the invention. The relationship between moisture profile and hydro value is in addition the main activity of determination of hydrovalent, effectiveness and moisture profile is an essential constraint. The Hydrowert is directly dependent on the humidity, so the measurement the damp is indispensable. Both parameters are again temperature dependent. For the interpretation of the Hydrowert is thus the experimental Determining the relationship between humidity and hydro-value necessary, The only previously performed in the laboratory must become. The person skilled in the art is familiar with methods of temperature and humidity measurement and may make suitable choices for practicing the invention. For example, the building material moisture can be measured with a microwave measuring device, as it is z. B. the company manufactures Klett be performed. The measurements take place both at the surface of the Building material as well as in the depths where the measurement is under step d) will happen.

It is particularly preferred to register the time course of the building material damp to check the success of the drying process and to guarantee a minimum residual moisture. For this reason, the measuring process is repeated. The Repetition can be realized in a continuous or a periodic measurement at defined time intervals or even after arbitrary time intervals. As a termination criterion of the moisture measurement is given that the temporal change of the mass of the body is less than 1 percent by mass, preferably less than 0.5 mass percent, more preferably less than 0.2 mass percent. This indication correlates with a dry state. The time interval between two measured values must be sufficiently large to expect a change and small enough to minimize the time required to prepare the body to be examined. It has proven advantageous to have a time interval of 24 hours, preferably a maximum of 24 h. Also preferred is the combination that the change over time of the mass of the body is less than 0.2 mass% within 24 hours. Of course, it can not be ruled out that the period may be longer than 24 hours if the storage conditions are unfavorable.

It has also been found that a minimum residual moisture the measurement under step d) improved. It is preferred that the bodies a building material humidity of 1 to 15 mass percent preferably, from 2 to 10 mass%, especially preferably from 3 to 5% by mass. For the building material Concrete should not fall below a minimum residual moisture of 3% by mass become. When measuring the building material moisture, therefore, there are two parameters namely the temporal change and the limit to reconcile the residual moisture.

The inventive method allows the measurement of moisture not only on the surface, but also inside the building material. The measurement is at a maximum Construction depth of 100 mm limited, preferably to a maximum depth of 40 mm. It's I. P. D. Invention preferred in several depths Perform measurements of the moisture profile, in particular in a building depth of 10 mm, 15 mm and / or 20 mm.

in the following step c) are the bodies with an electrolyte fluid charged, which penetrates into the pore structure of the building material. The penetration behavior, d. H. the volume expansion of the electrolyte, depends on the properties of the building material and the Anti-graffiti protection. This step is essential, because only through the electrolyte liquid, the charge carriers be provided when applying an external voltage lead to current flow.

In an embodiment of the invention Process is calcium hydroxide as the electrolyte fluid delivered, especially if the subsequent measurement of the temporal Course of the electrical conductivity with the hydrophobization meter HDBMG-02 is performed. The association of calcium hydroxide and HDBMG-02 is not mandatory.

In Step d) concludes the measurement of the time course the electrical conductivity or current flow, whose measurement result is output in the form of a hydro-value. Preferably the electrical conductivity is measured, showing the ability indicates a substance to conduct electrical current and as the proportionality constant between the current density and the electric field strength is defined. The measurement of electrical conductivity has the inherent opposite to the measurement of the current flow Advantage that the measured value of the parameters of the measurement setup, such as they are executed in the following paragraph, independently is and allows a direct comparison with other measurements. It However, it may be desirable to change the size of the To influence measured value, for example, in a for the evaluation optimal measuring range to work, in particular by the variation of the cross-sectional areas and thus the Sum of the defects is completed, as a result, the current flow is recorded.

The measuring principle is briefly described here, while a detailed description in at Gatz & Großmann, Method for Assessing the Quality of Hydrophobizations in Concrete, BASt-Forschungsbericht, 1989, and Gatz & Hörner, Long-term Investigation of Water Repellents, BASt-Forschungsbericht, 1993 , both of which are incorporated by reference in their entirety in the present application. The physical measuring principle is based on charge transport in electrolytic solutions. The encoders set up on the building material surface emit electrolytic liquid to the building material under defined conditions. The type of sensor depends on the location of the building material surfaces in the room: a distinction is made between sensors for measuring on a horizontal surface, on a horizontal surface above the head and on a vertical surface. Depending on the building material, it is possible to more or less completely cover the inner surfaces of the building material structure with water repellents. This means that directly depending on the quality of the hydrophobing agent and the quality of execution of the hydrophobic area the building material surface inevitably has defects. When a transducer is placed and a defined voltage is applied, a charge transport takes place from the electrolyte fluid, which breaks through the hydrophobic zone on the existing defects. The charge current is registered by the encoder in the form of time-dependent individual values, which can then be taken over in measured value time curves. The amount of transported cargo in such an electrolytic solution, that is, the current flow depends on the electric voltage between the donor electrodes, the length of the transport path (electrode gap), the elementary electric charge of the electrolyte, the viscosity of the electrolyte, which are all constant, and the cross-sectional areas of the electrolyte in the region Footprint of the encoder, which are variable, from. The cross-sectional area represents the sum of the imperfections of a hydrophobing below the footprint of the sensor. The cross-sectional area of the electrolyte thus represents the only measuring variable in the system. Thus, with a time-dependent current flow measurement over the sum of the imperfections in a hydrophobized zone, the effect of an anti-graffiti system can be qualitatively and quantitatively determined.

In one embodiment of the method according to the invention, the hydrophobization meter HDBMG-02 is used which has been developed by the Federal Highway Research Institute and has been introduced into ZTV-ING. The measuring instrument works according to the following parameters: The measurement is carried out depending on the building material humidity and the object temperature. The measuring points located on the underside of the measuring instrument are equipped with a system-specific, pretreated, special sponge. This is used by applying an associated electrolyte through a chemical reaction as a contact bridge. After swelling the contact bridge, the device is placed on the surface to be measured and turned on. The electronics in the device records the measurement data, which can also be tracked over the duration of the measuring time in the display of the measuring device. The meter must not be moved during the measuring process. The measuring method works non-destructively, ie the ground is not attacked and the building does not cause any material damage. Details of the measuring device can be found in document ZTV-ING ( Additional Technical Terms and Conditions and Guidelines for Civil Engineering, Federal Ministry of Transport, Building and Housing, January 2003 ), Part 3, Section 4, Point 8.4 and Point 8.5, as well as Appendix C, which is incorporated by reference in its entirety into the present application.

The course over time of the electrical conductivity, of the current flow or of the hydrodynamic value, which are used interchangeably interchangeably in the present description, is measured in particular over 15 minutes, the measurement being continuous (eg taking the measured values every 2 s) or too defined times, such. B. after 1 min, 5 min, 10 min and 15 min, can be made. Of course, shorter or longer measuring times are possible, if it requires building material, body, measuring conditions or the like. A measurement of only 60 s is preferred. The recording of the time course ultimately serves to track changes in the hydro-value, in order to terminate the measurement from the point of view of time and cost optimization at a point in time at which the deviation from the measurement limit value is negligible. Preferably, the second derivative of the second dependent hydro-value function, which represents the change in slope, is between -0.1 V / s ² and 0, more preferably between -1 V / s ² and 0, most preferably between -10 V / s ² and 0. It is also advantageous to simultaneously determine the time course of the hydrodynamic value at several measuring locations and then to form the mean value.

In an embodiment of the invention reaches the time course the electrical conductivity for an anti-graffiti victim system a maximum of 300 mV, preferably a maximum of 150 mV.

The humidity of the body is relevant for the interpretation of the measured hydro-value. With increasing humidity, the hydrofoils increase and the anti-graffiti protection of non-victim systems seems to decrease, while the anti-graffiti protection of the victim systems seems to increase. This dependence of the electrical conductivity, the current flow or the hydro value of the building material moisture is to be taken into account in the measurement in step d). The relationship can be determined experimentally and is specific to the examined building material, as it 6 exemplified. The measured hydrodynamic value is therefore to be corrected for the influence of the measuring humidity, whereby it is necessary to make reference to a reference measuring humidity, as described, for example, in US Pat. B. represents the minimum residual moisture. In the case of an exponential function course, the change of the hydrovalue is small for small moisture arguments, ie in the initial range of the function, so that a correction is necessary only above a certain moisture value. This limit value of the moisture up to which the hydrodynamic value changes only insignificantly is, for example, that moisture value at which the hydrodynamic value has increased by 10% compared to the hydrovalent at minimum residual moisture, preferably by 5%, particularly preferably by 1%.

In the subsequent step e), the change in the hydro-value is determined by the coating with the anti-graffiti system. For this purpose, the difference and / or the ratio of the time profile of the electrical conductivity of the treated body and the untreated test specimen or the treated specimen and the treated reference body is determined, preferably the difference. It is particularly preferred for the difference delta (t) to be determined from the determined hydrovalues at the respective instant by subtracting the hydrodynamic value at time t for the untreated test specimen is formed by the hydro-value at the same time t for the treated body. The plot of delta (t) as a function of time is referred to as the hydrophobing function. Accordingly, the ratio is obtained by dividing the aforementioned hydropower. If further mathematical operations make sense for the evaluation, they can be included in the method according to the invention, so that the execution is not limited to these two variants.

in the final step f) are the anti-graffiti systems the body compared. The difference between the hydropower formed hydrophobization curve has three relevant areas. In a first region (A), delta (t) is larger 0, from which it follows that the measurable by the absorption of the electrolyte Current flow quantitatively larger than untreated Test specimen is. The second area (B) describes the untreated test specimens with a delta (t) of 0. Im third range (C) is delta (t) less than 0, from which it follows that the by the absorption of the electrolyte measurable flow of current quantitatively smaller than the untreated specimen. For the Hydrophobierungskurve formed from the ratio of Hydrowerte The same applies under the proviso that the areas above and are below 1 or equal to 1. Both the first area (A) and the third area (C) thus have one in comparison to the untreated specimen deviating moisture absorption behavior. Both areas are advantageous i. P. D. Invention by one However, this does represent an effective anti-graffiti system underlying different principles of action.

Provided exclusively a treated reference body and a treated specimen, but not untreated Specimens are provided, preferably occurs Reference body in the mathematical determination of the Place the specimen and serves as a reference. That said for the areas of the hydrophobization curve remains unaffected by this with the proviso that the second area (B) the treated reference body with describes a delta (t) of 0. It is understood that the reference body an anti-graffiti system with maximum functionality regarding has at least one Graffitianschlages, as a result expected is that the specimen is a same or worse time course of the electrical conductivity shows, which reflects by a curve in the area (A) or (C) becomes. Unless all bodies are from the group of Step a) can be selected, not only the presence an anti-graffiti system in itself, but also the quality the same be checked by the on the Sample-related hydrophobization curves of the reference and test specimens are compared. Because the anti-graffiti systems in the areas (A) and (C) on different modes of action must be reference and test specimens have a hydrophobing curve in the same range (A) or (C), to be accessible for comparison.

In a preferred embodiment of the method according to the invention in step a) at least one untreated specimen, a treated reference body and a treated specimen are provided in step e) the difference and / or the ratio of the time course of the electrical conductivity of the treated body and the untreated specimen determined and in step f) the functionalities of the anti-graffiti systems of the treated body are compared. The reference body measured in the laboratory first of all allows a statement about the efficiency of an anti-graffiti system on a certain building material underground. The application of this anti-graffiti system in practice is accessible by the determination of the hydrophobicity curve of a control. A test specimen to be examined, for example a component on a construction site, may be subjected to a quality assessment with regard to a desired and assured anti-graffiti functionality before or after the intended use. Such a quality control is especially for hydrophobing on mineral substrates, such as on z. As concrete, feasible. For this purpose, the functionalities of the anti-graffiti systems of reference and test specimens by comparing the delta (t) values at a defined time, such. B. after 60 s, analyzed. Whether a test specimen shows the required quality is determined on the basis of previously defined standards. A certain hydro-value correlates here with a cleaning number C, which represents a measure of the efficiency of an anti-graffiti system ( Laboratory Dr. Michael Kupfer, Rules for Evaluating Procedures, Technologies, and Materials for Graffiti Removal and Graffiti Prosecution, 2000 ). It is preferred that the deviation of the differences and / or ratios for the two treated bodies is less than 10%, preferably less than 5%, particularly preferably 0%.

These Design of quality control can be done without the Carrying out the steps a) to f) on an untreated Test specimen can be realized. Instead, in one modified step e) the difference and / or the ratio the time course of the electrical conductivity of treated specimen and treated reference body determined and in step f) the functionality of the Anti-graffiti system rated that the difference is one little or no deviation from 0 and / or the ratio have little or no deviation from 1.

• a) Bereitstellen mindestens eines unbehandelten Probekörpers eines Baustoffs und mindestens eines behandelten Referenzkörpers des Baustoffs und/oder eines behandelten Prüfkörpers des Baustoffs,
• b) Messen der Temperatur und der Baustofffeuchte der Körper,
• c) Abgeben von Elektrolytflüssigkeit in die Körper,
• d) Messen des zeitlichen Verlaufs der elektrischen Leitfähigkeit der Körper, wobei die Abhängigkeit der elektrischen Leitfähigkeit von der Baustofffeuchte berücksichtigt wird,
• e) Bestimmen der Differenz und/oder des Verhältnisses des zeitlichen Verlaufs der elektrischen Leitfähigkeit des behandelten Körpers und des unbehandelten Probekörpers,
• f) Wiederholen der Schritte b) bis e) mit dem behandelten Körper nach einer beliebigen Zeit,
• g) Vergleichen der Funktionalität des Anti-Graffiti-Systems der behandelten Körper mit dem jeweiligen Ausgangszustand, wobei ein absoluter Betrag der Differenz, der kleiner ist der absolute Betrag der Differenz aus Schritt e), und/oder ein Verhältnis, das dem Wert 1 näher liegt als das Verhältnis aus Schritt e), mit einer verringerten Funktionalität des Anti-Graffiti-Systems korreliert, und optional
• h) Wiederholen der Schritte f) bis h).

Anti-graffiti systems based on victim systems both face sensitivity due to their material composition natural weathering as well as artificial impact during cleaning after a graffiti strike. In both processes, successive material of the coating is lost. The associated removal of the graffiti removal necessary separation layer reduces the functionality of the coating in the removal of colorants. The interest in statements for the currently achievable functionality of the anti-graffiti coating is taken into account in a further subject of the invention. This method of evaluating the aging of anti-graffiti treated building materials is characterized by the steps of:

• a) providing at least one untreated specimen of a building material and at least one treated reference body of the building material and / or a treated specimen of the building material,
• b) measuring the temperature and the building material moisture of the bodies,
• c) dispensing electrolyte fluid into the body,
• d) measuring the time course of the electrical conductivity of the body, taking into account the dependence of the electrical conductivity on the building material moisture,
• e) determining the difference and / or the ratio of the time profile of the electrical conductivity of the treated body and the untreated test specimen,
• f) repeating steps b) to e) with the treated body after any time,
• g) comparing the functionality of the anti-graffiti system of the treated bodies with the respective initial state, wherein an absolute amount of the difference which is smaller is the absolute amount of the difference from step e), and / or a ratio which is closer to the value of 1 is the ratio of step e), correlated with reduced functionality of the anti-graffiti system, and optional
• h) repeating steps f) to h).

The Method for analysis corresponds to steps b) to e) Method for comparing anti-graffiti treated systems Building materials, while in step a) the selection to that effect is concretized that mandatory an untreated specimen must be present. The prior teaching of the invention and its Embodiments relating to the method for comparison of building materials treated with anti-graffiti systems is valid and without restrictions on the method of evaluation the aging of the same applies, if it appears reasonable. Especially It is also possible to compare the procedure with anti-graffiti systems treated building materials to expand so that after Step f) of the comparison method, the steps f) to h) connect the evaluation process.

This Evaluation method inherent in steps f) to h) inherent the natural aging of the specimen in the weathering process. Alternatively, a reference body in the laboratory, steps a) to h) to go through target comparison data to generate. These can in turn be in a quality control with the current actual values of a treated test specimen be compared. It is expected that the functionality the anti-graffiti system decreases with time, resulting in a Approximation of the hydrophobicity curve of the treated bodies to the hydrophobization curve of the treated specimen reflects. Because z. B. the hydrophobization curve of the untreated Test specimen at a constant value delta (t) = 0, An approximation results in a smaller absolute Amount of difference delta (t) of the treated body, compared with the absolute amount of the difference delta (t) from step e), where the absoluteness of the amount of independence Evaluation of the anti-graffiti system used or its mode of action leads. It is understood that in a repetition of the Steps f) to h) as comparison value not only the difference delta (t) from step e), but also from step g) are used can.

About that In addition, the specimen within the arbitrary Time exposed to artificial effects. The is explicitly emphasized in one embodiment of the method by before step f) and optionally before step h) graffiti on the body applied and removed after a defined time. It is free whether the application of graffiti on an undesirable Stop or a deliberate design with the purpose of Generation of laboratory data. Repeating the application and removal of graffiti, such as by the phrase "optional before step h)" to Expression comes here is preferably to repeat the Steps f) and g) are coupled so that the effects of multiple cleaning cycles analyzed for the functionality of the anti-graffiti system can be.

One Another object of the present invention allows the qualitative evaluation of cleaning procedures. Unless with abrasive Techniques used to hard material, it comes to an opening the surface and destruction of the underground. So z. B. the sintered layer of concrete can be changed. The concomitant change in porosity can be uncomplicated on the measurement of the hydro and Calculation of the hydrophobization curve can be determined. An advance Laboratory untreated specimen or treated Reference bodies serve as comparison bodies for the purified untreated or treated specimen, to the qualified and professional execution of the To evaluate the cleaning process.

• a) Bereitstellen mindestens eines unbehandelten Probekörpers eines Baustoffs und mindestens eines behandelten Referenzkörpers des Baustoffs und/oder eines behandelten Prüfkörpers des Baustoffs,
• b) Messen der Temperatur und der Baustofffeuchte der Körper,
• c) Abgeben von Elektrolytflüssigkeit in die Körper,
• d) Messen des zeitlichen Verlaufs der elektrischen Leitfähigkeit der Körper, wobei die Abhängigkeit der elektrischen Leitfähigkeit von der Baustofffeuchte berücksichtigt wird,
• e) Bestimmen der Differenz und/oder des Verhältnisses des zeitlichen Verlaufs der elektrischen Leitfähigkeit des behandelten Körpers und des unbehandelten Probekörpers, und
• f) Bewerten der Funktionalität des Anti-Graffiti-Systems des behandelten Körpers, wobei die Anti-Graffiti-Funktionalität zur Differenz und/oder dem Verhältnis bis zu einem baustoffspezifischen Grenzwert direkt proportional ist, wenn die Differenz größer 0 und/oder das Verhältnis größer 1 ist, oder die Anti-Graffiti-Funktionalität zur Differenz und/oder dem Verhältnis bis zu einem baustoffspezifischen Grenzwert umgekehrt proportional ist, wenn die Differenz kleiner 0 und/oder das Verhältnis kleiner 1 ist.

Yet another object of the invention is a method of analyzing anti-graffiti treated building materials, comprising the steps of:

• a) providing at least one untreated specimen of a building material and at least one treated reference body of the building material and / or a treated specimen of the building material,
• b) measuring the temperature and the building material moisture of the bodies,
• c) dispensing electrolyte fluid into the body,
• d) measuring the time course of the electrical conductivity of the body, taking into account the dependence of the electrical conductivity on the building material moisture,
• e) determining the difference and / or the ratio of the time profile of the electrical conductivity of the treated body and the untreated test specimen, and
• f) assessing the functionality of the treated body anti-graffiti system, wherein the anti-graffiti functionality is directly proportional to the difference and / or ratio up to a build-specific limit if the difference is greater than 0 and / or the ratio greater than 1 or the anti-graffiti functionality is inversely proportional to the difference and / or ratio up to a build-specific limit when the difference is less than 0 and / or the ratio is less than 1.

The inventive method makes the knowledge take advantage of that, both one bigger and one smaller moisture absorption of the treated building material body compared to the untreated building material body to a effective graffiti protection can result. Dependent on from the anti-graffiti system can be determined by the direct to apply or inverse proportionality conclusions on the quality of the coating and / or impregnation in itself and their temporal resistance. The hydrophobization curve can Furthermore, with the efficiency of the anti-graffiti system the cleaning number C and other residual parameters, such. B. color or gloss, be correlated.

The Method for analysis corresponds to steps b) to e) Method for comparing anti-graffiti treated systems Building materials, while in step a) the selection to that effect is concretized that mandatory an untreated specimen must be present. This selection also correlates with step a) in the aging assessment process. Consequently, the previous ones Teaching of the invention and its embodiments concerning the methods for comparing or evaluating the aging of valid for building materials treated with anti-graffiti systems and without limitations on the method of analysis the same applicable, if it seems reasonable. Alternatively you can also the three procedures combined in their entirety.

in the deviating step f) is the effectiveness of the anti-graffiti system of the treated body on the basis of the hydrophobization curve rated.

Of the Area (A) reflects an anti-graffiti system with multi-layered Construction, which leads to a partial filling of the pore space of the treated reference or test body (layer 1) and the structure of a resting on the surface of the body Coating (layer 2 and possibly one or more further layers) comes. The coating acts as a separating layer for graffiti and can after applying graffiti on the reference or Test specimen removed together with the graffiti colorants be such. B. by hot water high pressure technology. The anti-graffiti system is therefore called a sacrificial layer. The presence of a large electrolyte intake is in this context as an indication of the existence of a Functional anti-graffiti coating interpret (see example 2). The anti-graffiti functionality of the multilayer Anti-graffiti victim system is thus directly proportional to the difference delta (t) and / or the ratio of the hydropower up to a building-material-specific limit value. The limit in the range (A) represents the value above which there is no change the efficiency of the anti-graffiti system. Ie. provided sufficient layer thickness and / or number of layers for systems with a state curve in the range (A) is reached, none occurs Saturation of the complete layer with graffiti more. The above the release layer coating has only effects on the number of graffiti strokes to be dealt. This Limit value depends on the building material used and is experimental to be determined in the laboratory.

In contrast, the range (C) is based on one or more layers applied material of the anti-graffiti system, which has penetrated only in the pore space and after short-term water absorption forms a temporary barrier to the further penetration of electrolyte, so that the moisture absorption in comparison is reduced to the untreated test specimen (see Example 2, 3). This is accompanied by preventing the penetration of graffiti into the building material, so that they can be removed more easily near the surface and on the anti-graffiti layer. The anti-graffiti functionality of the one-layer or multi-layer anti-graffiti non-victim system is thus inversely proportional to the difference delta (t) and / or the ratio of the hydropower up to a building-material-specific limit value. In addition, an anti-graffiti victim system can also show a curve in the area (C), if the System is based on the principle of reduced moisture absorption, but is removed when removing the graffiti. For example, although waxes cause permanent sealing of the building material surface, they are melted and washed off using the hot water high pressure process. The limit in the range (C) here represents the value below which no change in the efficiency of the anti-graffiti system is recorded. Ie. if a subfloor has been sealed, further treatment will only improve system stability.

ever greater the absolute amount of difference delta (t) The better the functionality of an anti-graffiti system considered individually or in comparison with another Anti-graffiti system within the same range (A) or (C). Since the systems of areas (A) and (C) to the aforementioned different On the other hand, there is no comparison of the absolute amounts the difference delta (t) from the areas (A) and (C) possible. This is also evident in the calculation of ratios that show no linearity, giving values in the range (A) between 1 and infinitely lying as big as possible while the values in the range (C) lying between 1 and 0 are possible should be small. In one embodiment of the present method is the absolute value of the difference delta (t) of the hydropower at least 50 mV, preferably at least 200 mV, more preferably at least 500 mV, and / or the ratio greater 1.5 or less 0.9, preferably less than 0.6, more preferably less than 0.4.

• a) Bereitstellen mindestens eines unbehandelten Probekörpers eines Baustoffs und/oder mindestens eines behandelten Referenzkörpers des Baustoffs,
• b) Messen der Temperatur und der Baustofffeuchte der Körper,
• c) Abgeben von Elektrolytflüssigkeit in die Körper,
• d) Messen des zeitlichen Verlaufs der elektrischen Leitfähigkeit der Körper, wobei die Abhängigkeit der elektrischen Leitfähigkeit von der Baustofffeuchte berücksichtigt wird, und
• e) Aufnehmen von Baustoff, Anti-Graffiti-System und Messwerten in die Datenbank.

The invention further teaches a method of creating a database of anti-graffiti treatable or treated building materials comprising the steps of:

• a) providing at least one untreated test specimen of a building material and / or at least one treated reference body of the building material,
• b) measuring the temperature and the building material moisture of the bodies,
• c) dispensing electrolyte fluid into the body,
• d) measuring the time course of the electrical conductivity of the body, taking into account the dependence of the electrical conductivity of the building material moisture, and
• e) Recording of building material, anti-graffiti system and measured values in the database.

It So are material parameters, functionality and hydro value characterized in the laboratory and a database generated in particular reflects the optimal state. This will make the review the efficiency of anti-graffiti systems in practice considerably simplified. From the knowledge of a particular constellation of Building material and anti-graffiti system can be accessed on the database and from the sole measurement of the hydro-value are statements to the state in practice possible.

The Method of creating the database corresponds in steps b) to d) the previous method according to the invention, while in step a) the selection is restricted to that extent is that only one untreated specimen and / or treated reference body present have to be. Consequently, the prior teaching of the invention and their Embodiments relating to the comparison, evaluation or analysis method valid and without restrictions applicable to the database creation process, if appropriate appears. Alternatively, all the aforementioned Procedures combined in their entirety. That is, that the measured values obtained in all methods of the invention and others relevant parameters, such. B. material or functionality, Part of the database can be to unnecessary to avoid experimental repetitions.

Provided in a preferred embodiment in step a) untreated specimen and a treated reference body can be provided between steps d) and e) also the difference and / or the ratio of the time course the electrical conductivity of the treated reference body and the untreated test specimen and in step e) the difference and / or the ratio in the database be recorded.

About that In addition, in step e), additional parameters can be entered into the database be absorbed, preferably color, gloss, surface texture the body and / or _ cleaning number C. The cleaning number C reflects the efficiency of the anti-graffiti system. For determination The functionality is for example in a classic Method applied paint, the building material cleaned and then carried out an evaluation as set out in the regulations for the evaluation of methods, technologies and materials for graffiti removal and graffiti prophylaxis, lab. Michael Kupfer, 2000 is. The set of rules is in its entirety in the present Signed up as a reference.

The invention also relates to a method for quality control of building materials treated with anti-graffiti systems, in which the method according to the invention for comparing building materials treated with anti-graffiti systems, the method according to the invention for evaluating the aging of anti-graffiti systems Building materials and / or the inventive method for analyzing treated with anti-graffiti systems construction In step a), at least one of the bodies provided is provided in reality, and the test specimens and / or reference bodies in a database produced by the method according to the invention for producing a database of building materials treated with anti-graffiti systems, and Steps b), c) and d) are performed with the real body.

All The inventive method can thus also performed by means of virtually provided bodies can be as long as at least one of the body is real. Preferably, the untreated specimen virtual and to become a treated reference body and / or a treated specimen measured, in particular a reference body and a test specimen. It is particularly preferred that in step a) both the untreated Test specimen as well as the treated reference body in the database and the treated specimen in the reality is provided. The test piece is therefore always real as an object of quality control.

in the For the purposes of the present invention, physical Measuring methods for comparison, for the evaluation of aging and for Analysis of anti-graffiti treated building materials. The methods use the measurement of charge transport in electrolytic Liquids, the measurement result advantageous as a hydro value is issued. Due to the surprising realization, that the hydro value is a measure of the anti-graffiti protection represents, the methods of the invention provide a reliable and reproducible evaluation of the effectiveness of an anti-graffiti system on a porous building material. The process is not just in a few steps - the means of modern electronic Hardware and software can also be automated - easy and cost-effective, but takes over the laboratory also has practical application in the evaluation of building materials, as raw materials or already installed substances on construction sites or found on finished structures. The prior art knows only real testing procedures that apply and remove of colorants and about the absence of residues and Unchangedness of the soil conclusions Allow for anti-graffiti protection. Such a procedure is but no guarantee for the subsequent absence of paint residues on the building material or the Unchanged both the anti-graffiti system and the Ground itself. So while conventional methods only conditionally suitable for practical outdoor use are, the inventive method is characterized by a non-invasive character and no influence and destruction of the underground or anti-graffiti system out. The resulting, diverse uses of the method are in the quality control of the anti-graffiti coating, the recording of aging processes of the anti-graffiti system and determining the number of graffiti strokes that the system can cope. Thus, advantageous from the determination the state curve under practical conditions and with knowledge the target or initial state (immediately after application of the anti-graffiti system) Statements for the currently achievable functionality derived from the anti-graffiti system as well as from the readings Tendency to be predicted.

To become untreated substrates and with the anti-graffiti system examined treated substrates. Without the laboratory examination and determination of behavior are not an assignment to others specific Parameters, in particular the efficiency of an anti-graffiti system, which is characterized by the cleaning number C, and statements about the state possible. As an essential parameter of the Hydrovalue or its time course measured for a specific anti-graffiti system are specific. The classes The anti-graffiti systems thus provide different hydropower or a different temporal behavior, on different Mechanisms are based. Hydrowertbestimmung and moisture measurement are inseparably connected. Alternatively to the measurement are with knowledge of Anti-graffiti system from analogy (database) statements about the state possible.

It it is understood that this invention is not limited to the specific methods Compositions and conditions is limited, as they are described herein since such things may vary. It It is further understood that the terminology used herein solely for the purpose of describing particular embodiments and is not intended to limit the scope of the invention. As in the specification including the used in the appended claims Word forms in the singular, such as. For example, "a", "an", "an", "the" or "that" the correspondence in the plural, unless the context clearly dictates otherwise. For example, contains the reference to "an electrolyte fluid" is a single one Liquid or several liquids, in turn may be identical or different, or the reference to "one procedure" includes equivalent steps and methods known to those skilled in the art.

in the The invention will now be described by way of non-limiting examples for specific embodiments closer explained.

1 shows the graphical evaluation of the measured values for a test specimen (temperature 20 ° C, concrete moisture 5% by mass) for the first 60 seconds.

2 shows the graphical evaluation of the measured values for two specimens treated with an anti-graffiti system (temperature 20 ° C, concrete moisture 5% by mass) for the first 60 seconds.

3 shows the graphical representation of delta (t) as a function of time (state curve or hydrophobization curve).

4 shows the hydrophobicity curves of an untreated concrete surface and an anti-graffiti treated concrete surface at different times.

5 shows the hydrophobization curves of an anti-graffiti treated concrete substrate after several cleaning cycles.

6 shows the relationship between humidity and hydro value.

EXAMPLE 1

The First embodiment deals with a method for determination the functionality of anti-graffiti systems under simultaneous Determination of relevant material properties of anti-graffiti systems and of building materials treated with anti-graffiti systems.

1. Preparation of the specimen

A Concrete walkway slab comes with a hot water pressure washer (95 °, 80 bar) rinsed on the surface and freed from all loosely adhering soiling. The plate is then used under normal conditions for air drying established. After 72 hours, the concrete moisture is measured at 5 defined measuring locations with a microwave measuring device (eg company Kett) at the Surface and determined in 10, 15 and 20 mm depth. Of the Measurement is repeated after 24 h. If the comparison of the means the measurements at the two times are less than 0.2 mass percent the specimen is differentiated to the determination of further material parameters fed. If the difference is greater than 0.2 Percent by mass, the air drying process is continued and checked after each additional 24 hours, until the difference to the previous measurement is less than 0.2 mass% is.

2. Measuring the specimens

Of the prepared specimen is determined by measuring material properties Characterized at defined surface areas. To the measured data include z. B. Color of the specimen (Measuring method spectrophotometer, data in the CIELAB system), Degree of gloss of the specimen (measurement method reflectometer, Details of the degree of gloss at the measuring geometry 20, 60 and 85 °), Surface texture (measuring method, stylus instrument, Data of the Rz value), surface moisture of the test specimen (Measuring method microwave measuring device, indication of the humidity in percent by mass), moisture profile of the specimen (measuring method Microwave oven, moisture content in mass percentage at different heights, such as B. 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35th and 40 mm), determination of the hydro value with a hydrophobization meter (Measuring method electrical, indication of the hydro value after 60 s and after 5, 10 and 15 minutes) and / or recording of the time Course of the hydro value over 15 minutes measuring time.

3. Application of colorants

On the defined and measured sample areas are defined Colorants (color sprays, inks, underbody protection, etc.) applied. The specimens provided with the colorants are stored for 7 days under normal conditions.

4. Removal of colorants

The Test specimens are used with a hot water high pressure cleaner (95 °, 80 bar) cleaned. For this purpose, the specimen evenly treated for a maximum of 3 minutes. The state of the test specimen is named after this treatment "with Hot water high-pressure technology cleaned. "The test specimen can be fed to the next cleaning step when the re-measurement of surface moisture in the mean value of the measurement in the sample preparation no longer deviates as 0.2 percent by mass.

Of the Specimen is removed with a gel-like graffiti remover wetted for 5 minutes, the surface temperature between 20 and 30 ° C. The test specimens with a hot water high pressure cleaner (95 °, 80 bar). For this purpose, the specimen is a maximum of 3 Evenly treated for minutes. The condition of the Specimen is called after this treatment "with chemical graffiti removers cleaned. "The specimen can be fed to the next cleaning step when the re-measurement of surface moisture in the mean value of the measurement in the sample preparation no longer deviates as 0.2 percent by mass.

The specimen is wetted with a gel-like tar remover for 5 minutes, the surface temperature must be between 20 and 30 ° C. The specimens are cleaned with a hot water high-pressure cleaner (95 °, 80 bar). For this purpose, the specimen is treated evenly for a maximum of 3 minutes. The condition of the specimen after this treatment is "cleaned with chemical tar remover." The specimen may be the next clean tion step are supplied, if the re-measurement of the surface moisture in the mean value of the measurement in the sample preparation does not deviate more than 0.2 percent by mass.

Of the Test specimen is mixed with a liquid shade remover wetted for 5 minutes, the surface temperature between 20 and 30 ° C. The test specimens with a hot water high pressure cleaner (95 °, 80 bar). For this purpose, the specimen is a maximum of 3 Evenly treated for minutes. The condition of the Specimen is called after this treatment "with chemical shade remover. "The specimen can be fed to the next cleaning step when the re-measurement of surface moisture in the mean value of the measurement in the sample preparation no longer deviates as 0.2 percent by mass.

Of the Specimen is filled with a thick bleach wetted for 5 minutes, the surface temperature between 20 and 30 ° C. The test specimens with a hot water high pressure cleaner (95 °, 80 bar). For this purpose, the specimen is a maximum of 3 Evenly treated for minutes. The condition of the Specimen is called after this treatment "with chemical bleach cleaned ".

5. Measurement of the specimen after the cleaning

Of the cleaned specimens will after its measured surface moisture not more than 0.2 mass% of the average value of the measurement Sample preparation deviates from the measurement of material properties Characterized at defined surface areas. To the measured data include z. B. Color of the specimen (Measuring method spectrophotometer, data in the CIELAB system), Degree of gloss of the specimen (measurement method reflectometer, Details of the degree of gloss at the measuring geometry 20, 60 and 85 °), Surface texture (measuring method, stylus instrument, Data of the Rz value), surface moisture of the test specimen (Measuring method microwave measuring device, indication of the humidity in percent by mass), moisture profile of the specimen (measuring method Microwave oven, moisture content in mass percentage at different heights, such as B. 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35th and 40 mm), determination of the hydro value with a hydrophobization meter (Measuring method electrical, indication of the hydro value after 60 s and after 5, 10 and 15 minutes) and / or recording of the time Course of the hydro value over 15 minutes measuring time.

6. Evaluation of the functionality

Of the cleaned specimens will after its measured surface moisture not more than 0.2 mass% of the average value of the measurement the sample preparation deviates in relation to the removal of the characterized applied colorant. On the one hand the Color of the cleaned test fields of the test specimen (measuring method spectrophotometer, Specification of the data in the CIELAB system). additionally a test person evaluates the cleaning performance by optics a key figure system (laboratory Dr. Michael copper, rules for the evaluation of methods, technologies and materials for graffiti removal and Graffiti prophylaxis, 2000).

7. Preparation of treated reference bodies

It reference bodies are produced after step 1 and 2. The reference body becomes an anti-graffiti system Prepared manufacturer. It becomes the total moisture consumption certainly. The reference bodies are according to the manufacturer stored under normal conditions for at least 7 days.

8. Measurement of the treated reference body

Of the treated reference body is after storage by the measurement of material properties at defined surface areas characterized. The measured data include z. B. Color of Test specimen (measuring method spectrophotometer, indication of Data in the CIELAB system), gloss of the specimen (measurement method Reflectometer, details of the degree of gloss in the measuring geometry 20, 60 and 85 °), surface condition (measuring method Stylus instrument, data of the Rz value), surface moisture of the test specimen (measuring method microwave measuring device, Indication of the moisture in percentage by mass), moisture profile of the test specimen (Measurement method microwave oven, data of humidity in Mass percentages at different heights, such as. B. 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35 and 40 mm), determination of the hydrous value with a Hydrophobization meter (measuring method electrical, indication the hydro value after 60 s and after 5, 10 and 15 minutes) and / or Recording the time course of the hydro value over 15 minutes measurement time.

9. Comparison of the cleaning performance of untreated specimens with treated reference bodies

To Implementation of steps 1 to 6 gives the Data record for an untreated specimen. After performing steps 1, 2, 7, 8 and 3 to 6 receives one the data set for a treated reference body. The comparison of the two data sets allows a rating the effectiveness of the anti-graffiti system.

EXAMPLE 2

The second embodiment is treated a method for determining the relationship of relevant material properties of anti-graffiti systems or properties of anti-graffiti treated building materials with the achievable functionality in graffiti removal

1. Preparation of the specimen

A Concrete walkway slab comes with a hot water pressure washer (95 °, 80 bar) rinsed on the surface and freed from all loosely adhering soiling. The plate is then used under normal conditions for air drying established. After 72 hours, the concrete moisture is measured at 5 defined measuring locations with a microwave measuring device (eg company Kett) at the Surface and determined in 10, 15 and 20 mm depth. Of the Measurement is repeated after 24 h. If the comparison of the means the measurements at the two times are less than 0.2 mass percent the specimen is differentiated to the determination of further material parameters fed. If the difference is greater than 0.2 Percent by mass, the air drying process is continued and checked after each additional 24 hours, until the difference to the previous measurement is less than 0.2 mass% is.

2. Determination of the hydro value

On the upper side of the prepared specimen, the temperature and the concrete moisture are determined using a microwave measuring device (eg Kett company) on the surface and at a depth of 10, 15 and 20 mm. Subsequently, with a hydrophobization measuring device (eg HDBMG-02), the time profile (recording of the measured values, for example every 2 seconds) of the hydrodynamic value is determined simultaneously at four measuring locations. The measurement is ended after 15 minutes. The time course of the specific hydrofoils is evaluated by the formation of the average value of the hydropower at the four measuring locations at the same measuring time ( 1 ).

3. Coating of the test specimens

It be two specimens with an anti-graffiti system (eg Sealer G) coated. Test piece 1 is coated with one layer of 70 gsm. specimen 2 is successively provided with three layers, after each Coating an intermediate drying of 3 h (storage at 20 ° C, 60% rel. Humidity). The consumption is 70 g / sqm, 60 g / sqm or 90 g / sqm for the individual processing steps. Test specimens 1 and 2 are after coating Stored for 7 days under normal conditions.

4. Determination of the hydropower of the specimens 1 and 2

On the upper side of the coated test specimen, the temperature and the concrete moisture are determined using a microwave measuring device (eg Kett company) at the surface and at 10, 15 and 20 mm depth. Subsequently, with a hydrophobization measuring device (eg HDBMG-02), the time profile (recording of the measured values, for example every 2 seconds) of the hydrodynamic value is determined simultaneously at four measuring locations. The measurement is ended after 15 minutes. The time course of the specific hydrofoils is evaluated by the formation of the average value of the hydropower at the four measuring locations at the same measuring time ( 2 ).

5. Identify the changes of the hydro value by coating

From the determined data of the Hydrowerte the difference is formed at the respective time ( 3 ): delta (t) = hydropower (t) _{test specimen} - hydrovalent (t) _specimen

6. Interpretation of the results

The Evaluation of the state curve can in the present example the following statements on the state of the anti-graffiti systems: The Test specimens 1 and 2 have a comparison to untreated specimens a different behavior at the uptake of the electrolyte, as significant deviations from Area B (delta (t) = 0) are present. Both test specimens have a negative delta (t) value immediately after starting the measurement on. Reduced compared to the untreated specimen the coating briefly the electrolyte absorption. The values delta (t) then go for the test specimen 1 short term and resistant to the test piece 2 in the range above zero. Compared to the untreated Test specimen is an enlarged electrolyte intake determine. The delta (t) value of the test piece 1 becomes negative after 10 s and then stays in negative area. The electrolyte uptake is then compared reduced to the untreated specimen. specimen 2 always has a positive delta (t) value for 5 seconds. It will be after 10 s reaches an equilibrium value, reaching it with the electrolyte uptake of the anti-graffiti system.

7. Determination of functionality

• Unbehandelter Probekörper: Reinigungszahl C15 = 25, Reinigungszahl Tinte = 14, Reinigungszahl Sprühlack = 37; Prüfkörper 1: Reinigungszahl C15 = 79, Reinigungszahl Tinte = 67, Reinigungszahl Sprühlack = 93; Prüfkörper 2: Reinigungszahl C15 = 92, Reinigungszahl Tinte = 84, Reinigungszahl Sprühlack = 100.

15 different colorants are applied to the untreated test specimens and to the two test specimens (method example 1, points 3 to 6). The colorants are removed after 7 days alone with a hot water high pressure cleaner (95 ° C, 80 bar). After drying and evaluation, the following key figures for the cleaning services result:

• Untreated test specimen: cleaning number C15 = 25, number of cleaning inks = 14, number of cleaning sprays = 37; Specimen 1: Cleaning number C15 = 79, number of cleaning inks = 67, number of cleaning sprays = 93; Test specimen 2: cleaning number C15 = 92, cleaning number ink = 84, cleaning number spray paint = 100.

Here, cleaning numbers are normalized sums of individual indices, which are determined in each case for an applied colorant. The cleaning number can be between 0 and 100, whereby 100 means that no residual colorants are recognizable after cleaning and 0, if the cleaning does not remove the colorants ( Laboratory Dr. Michael Kupfer, Rules for Evaluating Procedures, Technologies, and Materials for Graffiti Removal and Graffiti Prosecution, 2000 ).

8. Evaluation of the results

The State curve of test specimen 1 confirms the presence of the anti-graffiti system. The determinable cleaning performance is larger than the untreated specimen. The determined state curve of test specimen 2 demonstrates the structure of a specific coating. Here is one Significant improvement in colorant removal possible.

EXAMPLE 3

The Third embodiment deals with a method for Assessment of the condition of treated with anti-graffiti systems Building materials after weathering due to aging.

1. Measurement before applying the anti-graffiti system

On A concrete base should be an anti - graffiti system based on a Two-component polyurethane polyurethane applied in two layers (2 layers of 200 gsm each) become. The concrete surface to be processed is through the Measurement of material properties at defined surface areas characterized. The measured data include z. B. Color of Test specimen (measuring method spectrophotometer, indication of Data in the CIELAB system), gloss of the specimen (measurement method Reflectometer, details of the degree of gloss in the measuring geometry 20, 60 and 85 °), surface condition (measuring method, stylus instrument, Data of the Rz value), surface temperature, surface moisture of the test specimen (measuring method microwave measuring device, Indication of the moisture in percentage by mass), moisture profile of the test specimen (Measurement method microwave oven, data of humidity in Mass percentages at different heights, such as. B. 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35 and 40 mm), determination of the hydrous value with a Hydrophobization meter (measuring method electrical, indication the hydro value after 60 s and after 5, 10 and 15 minutes) and / or Recording the time course of the hydro value over 15 minutes measurement time.

2. Execution of the coating

On the concrete substrate is the anti-graffiti system according to the manufacturer processed in two layers. The coating cures under normal conditions Weather conditions 7 days off.

3. Measurement after application of the anti-graffiti system

Of the Condition of the surface treated with the anti-graffiti system is defined by the measurement of material properties Surface areas characterized as initial state. The measured data include z. B. Color of the test specimen (measuring method Spectrophotometer, data in the CIELAB system), gloss level of the test specimen (measurement method reflectometer, data the degree of gloss at the measuring geometry 20, 60 and 85 °), surface texture (Measuring method stylus device, data of the Rz value), Surface moisture of the test specimen (measuring method Microwave measuring device) indication of the moisture in percentage by mass), Moisture profile of the test specimen (measuring method microwave oven, Details of the moisture in percentage by mass at different heights, such as B. 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35 and 40 mm), determination of the hydro value with a hydrophobization meter (measuring method electrical, Indication of the hydro value after 60 s and after 5, 10 and 15 minutes) and / or recording the time course of the hydro-value over 15 minutes measurement time.

4. Examination of the state of the anti-graffiti coating

The condition of the surface treated with the anti-graffiti system is characterized by the measurement of material properties at defined surface areas after a one-year service life. The measured data include z. B. Color of the test specimen (spectrophotometer measurement method, data in the CIELAB system), gloss of the specimen (Reflectometer measurement method, details of the degree of gloss in the measurement geometry 20, 60 and 85 °), surface condition (measuring method, stylus instrument, data of the Rz value) , Surface moisture of the test specimen (measuring method microwave measuring device, indication of the moisture in mass percentage), moisture profile of the test specimen (measuring method microwave device, data of the moisture in mass percentage at different heights, such as 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35 and 40 mm), determination of the hydrodynamic value by means of a hydrophobization meter (measuring method electrical), indication of the hydrodynamic value after 60 s and after 5, 10 and 15 minutes) and / or recording of the time course of the hydrodynamic value over 15 minutes measurement time.

5. Characterization of the state of Anti-graffiti coating

In comparison to the untreated concrete surface, the hydrophobization curve of the initial state shows a hydrophobization (no uptake of an electrolyte in the measuring process) in the maximum range. After one year, a loss of the hydrophobing effect is noticeable, which in the concrete case is due to an improper removal of graffiti with damage to the permanent anti-graffiti system ( 4 ).

EXAMPLE 4

The fourth embodiment deals with a method for Assessment of the condition of treated with anti-graffiti systems Building materials after cleaning.

1. Measurement before applying the anti-graffiti system

On A concrete base should be an anti - graffiti system based on a Impregnating agent (2 treatments, wet in wet, consumption 175 gsm and 60 gsm). The concrete surface to be worked is defined by the measurement of material properties Surface areas characterized. To the measured data belong z. B. Color of the test specimen (measuring method Spectrophotometer, data in the CIELAB system), gloss level of the test specimen (measurement method reflectometer, data the degree of gloss at the measuring geometry 20, 60 and 85 °), Surface texture (measuring method, stylus instrument, Data of the Rz value), surface temperature, surface moisture of the test specimen (measuring method microwave measuring device, Indication of the moisture in percentage by mass), moisture profile of the test specimen (Measurement method microwave oven, data of the moisture in mass percentage at different heights, such as B. 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35th and 40 mm), determination of the hydro-value with a hydrophobization meter (measuring method electrical, indication of the hydro value after 60 s and after 5, 10 and 15 minutes) and / or recording the time course of the hydrous value 15 minutes measurement time.

2. Execution of the coating

On the concrete substrate is the anti-graffiti system according to the manufacturer processed. The impregnation dries under normal conditions Weather conditions 7 days off.

3. Measurement after application of the anti-graffiti system

Of the Condition of the surface treated with the anti-graffiti system is defined by the measurement of material properties Surface areas characterized as initial state. The measured data include z. B. Color of the test specimen (measuring method Spectrophotometer, data in the CIELAB system), gloss level of the test specimen (measurement method reflectometer, data the degree of gloss at the measuring geometry 20, 60 and 85 °), surface texture (Measuring method stylus device, data of the Rz value), Surface moisture of the test specimen (measuring method Microwave measuring device, indication of the moisture in percentage by mass), Moisture profile of the test specimen (measuring method microwave oven, Details of the moisture in percentage by mass at different heights, such as B. 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35 and 40 mm), determination of the hydro value with a hydrophobization meter (measuring method electrical, Indication of the hydro value after 60 s and after 5, 10 and 15 minutes) and / or recording the time course of the hydro-value over 15 minutes measurement time.

4. Application of colorants

On the defined and measured sample areas are defined Colorants (color sprays, inks, underbody protection, etc.) applied. The specimens provided with the colorants are stored for 7 days under normal conditions.

5. Removal of colorants

The Test specimens are used with a hot water high pressure cleaner (95 °, 80 bar) cleaned. For this purpose, the specimen evenly treated for a maximum of 3 minutes. The state of the test specimen is named after this treatment "with Hot water high-pressure technology cleaned. "The test specimen can be fed to the next cleaning step when the re-measurement of surface moisture in the mean value of the measurement in the sample preparation no longer deviates as 0.2 percent by mass.

The specimen is wetted with a gel-like graffiti remover for 5 minutes, the surface temperature must be between 20 and 30 ° C. The specimens are cleaned with a hot water high-pressure cleaner (95 °, 80 bar). For this purpose, the specimen is treated evenly for a maximum of 3 minutes. The condition of the test specimen after this treatment is "cleaned with chemical graffiti removers." The test specimen can be sent to the next cleaning step when the renewal te measurement of surface moisture in the mean of the measurement during sample preparation not more than 0.2 percent by mass deviates.

Of the Specimen is filled with a gel-like tar remover for Wetted for 5 minutes, with the surface temperature between 20 and 30 ° C must be. The test specimens are with a hot water high pressure cleaner (95 °, 80 bar). For this purpose, the specimen is a maximum of 3 Evenly treated for minutes. The condition of the Specimen is called after this treatment "with chemical tar remover. "The specimen can be supplied to the next cleaning step, if the re-measurement of the surface moisture in the mean value from the sample preparation measurement not more than 0.2 mass% differs.

Of the Test specimen is mixed with a liquid shade remover wetted for 5 minutes, the surface temperature between 20 and 30 ° C. The test specimens with a hot water high pressure cleaner (95 °, 80 bar). For this purpose, the specimen is a maximum of 3 Evenly treated for minutes. The condition of the Specimen is called after this treatment "with chemical shade remover. "The specimen can be fed to the next cleaning step when the re-measurement of surface moisture in the mean value of the measurement in the sample preparation no longer deviates as 0.2 percent by mass.

Of the Specimen is filled with a thick bleach wetted for 5 minutes, the surface temperature between 20 and 30 ° C. The test specimens with a hot water high pressure cleaner (95 °, 80 bar). For this purpose, the specimen is a maximum of 3 Evenly treated for minutes. The condition of the Specimen is called after this treatment "with chemical bleach cleaned ".

6. Measurement of the specimen after the cleaning

Of the cleaned specimens will after its measured surface moisture not more than 0.2 mass% of the average value of the measurement Sample preparation deviates from the measurement of material properties Characterized at defined surface areas. To the measured data include z. B. Color of the specimen (Measuring method spectrophotometer, data in the CIELAB system), Degree of gloss of the specimen (measurement method reflectometer, Details of the degree of gloss at the measuring geometry 20, 60 and 85 °), Surface texture (measuring method, stylus instrument, Data of the Rz value), surface moisture of the test specimen (Measuring method microwave measuring device, indication of the humidity in percent by mass), moisture profile of the specimen (measuring method Microwave oven, moisture content in mass percentage at different heights, such as B. 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35th and 40 mm), determination of the hydro value with a hydrophobization meter (Measuring method electrical, indication of the hydro value after 60 s and after 5, 10 and 15 minutes) and / or recording of the time Course of the hydro value over 15 minutes measuring time.

7. Repeat the cleaning cycle

The Steps 3 to 7 are repeated twice.

8. Evaluation of the functionality

Of the cleaned specimens will after its measured surface moisture not more than 0.2 mass% of the average value of the measurement the sample preparation deviates in relation to the removal of the characterized applied colorant. On the one hand the Color of the cleaned test fields of the test specimen (measuring method spectrophotometer, Specification of the data in the CIELAB system). additionally a test person evaluates the cleaning performance by optics an indicator system. After drying and evaluation revealed The following figures for the cleaning services "with Hot water high-pressure technology cleaned ".

• Untreated specimen: C10 = 74; 1. Cleaning: cleaning number C10 = 99; 2. Cleaning: cleaning number C10 = 92; 3. Cleaning: Cleaning C10 = 85.

Here, cleaning numbers are normalized sums of individual indices, which are determined in each case for an applied colorant. The cleaning number can be between 0 and 100, whereby 100 means that no residual colorants are recognizable after cleaning and 0, if the cleaning does not remove the colorants ( Laboratory Dr. Michael Kupfer, Rules for Evaluating Procedures, Technologies, and Materials for Graffiti Removal and Graffiti Prosecution, 2000 ).

9. Characterization of the state of Anti-graffiti coating

In comparison to the untreated concrete surface with delta (t) = 0, the curve of the initial state shows a hydrophobization (no uptake of an electrolyte in the measuring process) in the maximum range. After the first purification, a loss of the hydrophobing effect occurs, ie delta (t) ≥ delta (t) _{initial state} . After the second cleaning cycle, a significant impairment of the hydrophobing effect is observed ( 5 ). The loss of the hy The demo-phobic effect is reflected in the achievable cleaning performance for subsequent cleanings. Thus there is a connection between the state curve and the achievable functionality in color removal.

QUOTES INCLUDE IN THE DESCRIPTION

This list The documents listed by the applicant have been automated generated and is solely for better information recorded by the reader. The list is not part of the German Patent or utility model application. The DPMA takes over no liability for any errors or omissions.

Cited non-patent literature

• - Laboratory Dr. Michael Kupfer, Rules for Evaluating Methods, Technologies, and Materials for Graffiti Removal and Graffiti Prophylaxis, 2000 [0005]
• - Long-term studies of water repellents. Reports of the Federal Highway Research Institute, Bridges and Civil Engineering, Issue B 10, Bergisch Gladbach, 1995 [0009]
• - Gatz & Großmann, Method for Assessing the Quality of Hydrophobizations in Concrete, BASt-Forschungsbericht, 1989, and Gatz & Hörner, Long-term Investigation of Water Repellents, BASt-Forschungsbericht, 1993 [0023]
• - Additional Technical Terms and Conditions for Civil Engineering, Federal Ministry of Transport, Building and Housing, January 2003 [0024]
• - Laboratory Dr. Michael Kupfer, Rules for Evaluating Procedures, Technologies, and Materials for Graffiti Removal and Graffiti Prophylaxis, 2000 [0031]
• - Laboratory Dr. Michael Kupfer, Guidelines for Evaluating Methods, Technologies, and Materials for Graffiti Removal and Graffiti Prophylaxis, 2000 [0084]
• - Laboratory Dr. Michael Kupfer, Rules for the Assessment of Methods, Technologies, and Materials for Graffiti Removal and Graffiti Prophylaxis, 2000 [0105]

Claims (20)

Method for comparing with anti-graffiti systems treated building materials with the steps: a) Provide of at least two bodies of a building material selected from the group of untreated test specimens, treated Reference body and treated specimen, b) Measuring the temperature and building material humidity of the body, c) Dispensing electrolyte fluid into the body, d) Measuring the time course of the electrical conductivity the body, the dependence of the electric Conductivity of the building material moisture taken into account becomes, e) determining the difference and / or the ratio the time course of the electrical conductivity between each two bodies, and f) Compare the anti-graffiti systems of the body. Method according to claim 1, characterized in that that in step a) the treated body with one or several layers of the anti-graffiti system and / or with a Impregnation be provided as an anti-graffiti system. Method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized that in step b) the time course of the building material moisture is measured becomes. Method according to claim 3, characterized that the measuring of the building material humidity is stopped when the temporal change the mass of the body is less than 0.2 mass percent. Method according to claim 4, characterized in that that the time interval between two measured values is a maximum of 24 h is. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that in step b) in a maximum building material depth of 40 mm, preferably in a building depth of 10 mm, 15 mm and / or 20 mm. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that in step b) the body a Have building material moisture of 1 to 15 mass percent, preferably from 2 to 10% by mass, more preferably from 3 to 5% by mass. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that in step c) calcium hydroxide as the electrolyte liquid is delivered. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that in step d) the time course is measured for a maximum of 15 min, preferably 1 min. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that in step e) the difference of the temporal History of the electrical conductivity is determined. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that in step a) an untreated specimen, a treated reference body and a treated specimen provided, in step e) the difference and / or the ratio the time course of the electrical conductivity of the treated body and the untreated test specimen determined and in step f) the anti-graffiti systems of the treated Body to be compared. Method according to claim 11, characterized in that that in step f) the deviation of the differences and / or relationships for the two treated bodies less than 10% is, preferably less than 5%, more preferably 0%. Method of evaluating the aging of with anti-graffiti systems treated building materials with the steps: a) Provide at least one untreated specimen of a building material and at least one treated reference body of the building material and / or a treated specimen of the building material, b) Measuring the temperature and building material humidity of the body, c) Dispensing electrolyte fluid into the body, d) Measuring the time course of the electrical conductivity the body, the dependence of the electric Conductivity of the building material moisture taken into account becomes, e) determining the difference and / or the ratio the time course of the electrical conductivity the treated body and the untreated test specimen, f) Repeat steps b) to e) with the treated body after any time, g) comparing the functionality the anti-graffiti system of the treated body with the respective initial state, where an absolute amount of the difference, the smaller is the absolute amount of the difference from step e), and / or a ratio closer to 1 is less than the ratio from step e) Functionality of the anti-graffiti system correlates, and optional h) repeating steps f) to h). A method according to claim 13, characterized in that prior to step f) and optionally before step h) graffiti applied to the treated body and removed after a defined time who the. Method of analysis with anti-graffiti systems treated building materials with the steps: a) Provide at least one untreated specimen of a building material and at least one treated reference body of the building material and / or a treated specimen of the building material, b) Measuring the temperature and building material humidity of the body, c) Dispensing electrolyte fluid into the body, d) Measuring the time course of the electrical conductivity the body, the dependence of the electric Conductivity of the building material moisture taken into account becomes, e) determining the difference and / or the ratio the time course of the electrical conductivity the treated body and the untreated test specimen, and f) Evaluate the functionality of the anti-graffiti system of the treated body, with the anti-graffiti functionality to the difference and / or the ratio up to a building material specific Limit is directly proportional if the difference is greater 0 and / or the ratio is greater than 1, or the anti-graffiti functionality for difference and / or the ratio up to a building-material-specific limit value is inversely proportional if the difference is less than 0 and / or the ratio is less than 1. Method for creating a database with Anti-graffiti systems treatable or treated building materials with the steps: a) providing at least one untreated test specimen a building material and / or at least one treated reference body the building material, b) measuring the temperature and the building material moisture of the Body, c) dispensing electrolyte fluid in the body, d) measuring the time course of the electrical conductivity of the body, the Dependence of the electrical conductivity of the building material moisture is taken into account, and e) recording of building material, anti-graffiti system and readings in the database. Method according to claim 16, characterized in that that in step a) an untreated specimen and a treated reference body provided between step d) and e) the difference and / or the ratio of the temporal Course of the electrical conductivity of the treated Reference body and the untreated test specimen determines and in step e) the difference and / or the ratio be included in the database. Method according to claim 16 or 17, characterized that in step e) further parameters are included in the database be, preferably color, gloss, surface texture the body and / or cleaning number C. Quality control procedure with Anti-graffiti systems treated building materials in which the procedure according to claim 1, 13 and / or 15, wherein in step a) at least one of the provided bodies in reality and the specimen and / or reference body in a database prepared according to the method of claim 16, provided and the steps b), c) and d) with the real Body be performed. Method according to claim 19, characterized that in step a) the untreated test specimen and the treated reference body in the database and the treated Test specimen provided in reality become.