DE102007028789B4 - Method for joining hybrid components and the hybrid component produced thereby - Google Patents

Abstract

Method for joining a first component (1) to a second component (2), with the second component (2) at least partially penetrating the first component (1) through a relative movement of the two components (1, 2) without the second Component (2) undergoes a change in shape during joining, at least in the area that penetrates into the first component (1), with the first component (1) in a contact area with the second component (2) is heated so that the first component (1) is locally plasticized, and after the joining process the cooled first component (1) is positively connected to the second component (2), characterized in that the first component (1) is heated by exposing the first component (1) and the second component (2) to electromagnetic radiation (3), the first component (1) being translucent or tranquil for the electromagnetic radiation (3) used is economical and the second component (2) is exposed to electromagnetic radiation (3) through the first component (1) and which the first component (1) penetrates into the first component (10) in the direction (10) of the second component (2). 1) facing front surface (8) of the second component (2) is exposed to electromagnetic radiation (3).

Description

Technical field of application

The invention relates to a method for joining hybrid components, in particular for the form-fitting connection of plastic components with metal components, as well as a composite component produced using such a method. Preferred areas of application are the joining of spectacle lenses to the frame, the joining of metallic threads in plastic components, the joining of metallic components with plastic components, in particular for the production of hybrid components for automotive engineering, and the joining of metal frames to plastic components.

State of the art

Due to the progressive increase in the integration density of many technical products and the increasing use of plastic as a construction material, the problem of connecting dissimilar materials, such as plastic and metal, arises. The need for flexible connection technology with short joining times and a wide range of applications is therefore very great and ranges from consumer products to technical components. Examples are plastic glasses, plastic lights, plastic housings, but also automobile bumpers, furniture components and construction products.

So far, bonding and screwing processes or so-called mold-in techniques have predominantly been used to connect plastics to metals and ceramics, with the properties of the respective joining processes determining the possible areas of application. Screw and clamp connections enable a detachable connection, while form-fitting connections can transfer large forces without play and gluing is mainly used for large-area connections. Complex component preparation is necessary for all mechanical connections or the possible fastening points are limited due to the design specifications of the products. Adhesive joints are often subject to signs of aging when they are exposed to the elements and require long joining times and complex component preparation. The most frequently used connection technology for plastics with metals is overmoulding metal during the injection molding process (mold-in technology). This process is based on a specially adapted tool in which the metal component is inserted before the start of the process and then overmoulded with plastic during the injection molding process. For an optimal process result, a high tolerance accuracy of the tool as well as high-precision components are required. In addition, the handling of the inserts is difficult. A subsequent connection of plastics with metals is not possible with this process.

The so-called after-molding technique is known as a further method for subsequent, form-fitting connection. Threaded inserts are heated by high-frequency eddy current induction heating coils and subsequently pressed into an undersized receiving bore in the component. The thermoplastic plasticizes and flows around the metal component during the press-in process. After cooling down, the form-fitting connection is created. With this technology, the entire metal component is basically heated. This is problematic in some applications in which small components with high dimensional accuracy are to be manufactured, since the components can be warped when they are heated, e.g. by bending. A heating of the entire component cannot often be accepted, even if the component includes elements such as electronic components or is connected to such elements that cannot withstand high temperatures.

In addition, the high heat content of the metal component can lead to excessive melting of the plastic component and to an extension of the process time. Another disadvantage of conventional after-molding technology is that the introduction of heat into small structures, such as those used in the assembly of glasses, is insufficient and the positioning of the inductor coils is difficult.

In the process known as “collar joining”, a collar is pulled through a hole in the metal part with a punch to connect metal sheets with plastic. This is then usually cold-pressed into the plastic. The form fit is created by the special shape of the collar.

Let it also be on the WO 2006/034814 A1 referenced. There, a method is described for fastening a metallic cannula in a channel provided for this purpose in a body that is transmissive for specific wavelengths of electromagnetic radiation. A part of the cannula is first pushed into and through the canal in such a way that the cannula emerges at both ends of the canal. After the cannula has been positioned in this way, electromagnetic radiation is applied to it laterally through a part of the transmissive body at points located inside the channel and is thereby heated. In doing so, adjacent areas of the transmissive body are melted, causing it to open the cannula at these points encloses something closer. After cooling, there is a force-fit connection between the cannula and the transmissive body.

A method for connecting two plastic components by means of transmission welding is known from the WO 2006/131 499 A1 known. In this case, the one component that is absorbent for the electromagnetic radiation used is exposed to laser radiation through the other component that is transmissive for this radiation. Both components are heated and fuse with one another, so that the two components bond with one another in a materially bonded manner.

Finally reveals the JP S62-71625 A a method for connecting a first component made of plastic to a second component made of a different material using laser radiation. The plastic from which the first component is made is permeable to the laser radiation used. For this purpose, the side of the first component facing the second component is treated with black paint so that when the first component is laser irradiated from the side facing away from the second component, the surface of the first component facing the second component is heated and melted. The two components are then pressed against one another, as a result of which projections provided on the second component penetrate into the molten surface of the first component and the two components are connected.

The invention is based on the object of providing an improved method for joining hybrid components, with which hybrid components of great strength, in particular high wear and connection strength, can be produced with short processing times, which is particularly suitable for components of particularly small size.

Presentation of the invention

This technical problem is solved by a method according to the independent claims. Advantageous configurations and developments are specified by the dependent claims or can be found in the following description and the exemplary embodiments.

According to the invention, it was recognized that the technical problem can be solved by a method for connecting a first component to a second component, with the second component at least partially penetrating the first component through a relative movement of the two components without the second component at least in the area , which penetrates the first component, undergoes a change in shape, the first component being heated in a contact area with the second component during the penetration of the second component into the first component, so that the first component is locally plasticized, and after the joining process the cooled first component is positively connected to the second component. The first component is heated by exposing the first component and the second component to electromagnetic radiation, the second component being exposed to electromagnetic radiation through the first component and the first component entering the first component in the direction of penetration of the second component facing front surface of the second component is acted upon with electromagnetic radiation.

Alternatively, the heating of the first component is achieved by applying the second component or by exposing the first component and the second component to electromagnetic radiation, the second component having an optical access through which the frontal end region of the second component during and after penetration or after penetration into the first component, electromagnetic radiation is applied.

With the method, a composite component or hybrid component can thus be produced from a first component, in particular a plastic component, and at least one further component.

During the joining process, the two components are moved relative to one another, so that at least part of the second component penetrates the first component. This can be done, for example, by mechanical pressure. The first component is locally heated for a few 100 ms to a few seconds, depending on the dimensions or volume of the penetrating second component. This usually happens before the penetration, but at least during the penetration of the second component, so that the first component has a temperature that is higher than the usual ambient temperature. The immersion speed, ie the speed at which the second component penetrates the first component, is in the range from 0.1 to 10 mm / s, preferably in the range between 1 to 5 mm / s. In a contact area with the penetrating second component, a temperature is reached at which the first component plasticizes in this area, that is, the plastic of the first component changes from a solid to a deformable or flowable state in this area. The temperature must at least correspond to the glass transition temperature of the plastic used. The contact area of the first component is the area that is adjacent to the penetrating second component. This area can shift and enlarge during the penetration of the second component. Preferably will only the contact area, but not the remaining area of the first component, is heated or at least heated in such a way that plasticization of the first component begins in this area. This makes it possible to avoid a distortion of the first component or the hybrid component and possibly an impairment of further components which are in contact with the first component. The contact area is preferably limited in such a way that the plastic in the contact area is at a distance from the penetrating second component of at most 5 mm, preferably at most 2 mm.

During the joining process, the plasticized material of the first component flows around the second component. The penetration of the second component into the first component thus changes the position of the liquid material of the first component. After the composite component has cooled down, the second component is positively anchored in the first component, ie the first component surrounds a partial area of the second component in such a way that the relative movement by which the components were joined together is reversed, but preferably any relative movement between the components, is prevented. In other words, the relative movement by which the components were joined together can only be reversed if the first component is plasticized again or if it is destroyed. To produce the positive connection, the second component has a suitable component geometry, for example includes surface profiles or undercuts, so that material of the first component can flow around part of the second component.

The second component is sufficiently mechanically stable and temperature-resistant so that it experiences no change in shape during the joining process due to the action of force or heating, at least in the area that penetrates into the first component, but this preferably applies to the entire second component.

Because the first component is heated by exposure to the second component or by exposure to the first component and the second component with electromagnetic radiation, preferably with laser radiation, suitable heat input is possible even when very small structures are present, since the electromagnetic radiation also can be focused on very small components or partial areas of components and thus selective heating can be achieved. This makes it possible to carry out the method in the event that the second component has a diameter of a few mm or less, such as when assembling glasses, i.e. when connecting the lens and frame. In addition, if the second component is irradiated, it can be avoided that the entire second component is heated. Because the front area of the second component, in particular the front surface, is heated in a targeted manner when the second component penetrates into the first component, the energy input into the second component can be reduced considerably. In this way, thermal influences on the second component are avoided or it can be prevented that sensitive areas of the second component are permanently impaired by being heated to a temperature that is inadmissible for these areas.

The heating by electromagnetic radiation has the further advantage that it takes place completely without contact, as a result of which comparatively high throughput rates can be achieved. Due to the high power density that can be achieved with laser radiation, the components can be heated particularly quickly. Depending on the geometry of the sub-area of the second component that penetrates into the first component, joining times of a few 100 ms up to a few seconds are possible. In addition, the temperature can be adjusted comparatively easily and quickly via the power.

In contrast to the known after-molding process, a pre-drilling in the first component to accommodate the second component is usually not necessary due to the high but targeted energy input and is preferably not provided, ie the first component does not have any at the joint before the joining process Recess on. This eliminates a manufacturing step, which also reduces the manufacturing time and costs.

A particularly important field of application of the invention is the joining of a plastic component to a second component. This can be made of metal. However, materials with poor electrical and thermal conductivity such as ceramic or wood can also be selected for the second component. The second component can in particular also be made of plastic. In any case, the material of the second component is to be selected so that the first component has a lower hardness than the second component at a predeterminable temperature, so that when heated to a certain temperature, only the first component plasticizes, but not the second component.

The use of laser radiation for heating is advantageous. In particular, (continuously operated) solid-state or diode lasers are suitable as radiation sources.

In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the second component has a thickening in the front area penetrating into the first component in order to produce the form fit. Alternatively, it can also be provided with a recess in the front region penetrating into the first component, for example a bore pointing transversely to the penetration direction of the second component. (The direction of penetration should be understood to mean the direction of movement of the second component in a reference system with the first component at rest). After cooling, a firm, form-fitting connection is achieved. For example, the plastic can flow around the thickening when it penetrates or flow through the bore in order to produce a form fit.

The second component preferably has at least one cavity which is suitable for receiving material from the first component during the joining process, i.e. plasticized material from the first component should be able to flow into the cavity. In this way, undesired ejections on the surface of the first component, which can arise due to the material of the first component displaced during the joining process, can be avoided or at least minimized.

The method has particular advantages, since the area of the second component provided for penetration into the first component during the joining process, in particular during the entire joining process, or in particular when this area has already at least partially penetrated the first component, with the electromagnetic Radiation can be acted upon directly. This means that the second component is only irradiated in its frontal end area. The heating of the second component can be limited because the heating takes place exactly where it is needed, namely on the front surface of the second component. In other areas of the second component, the temperature increases (depending on the nature and size of the second component) only as a result of thermal conduction and generally to a lesser extent. Overall, the total energy input into the second component can be kept comparatively low and the energy used can be used particularly efficiently.

For example, the second component can have an axial bore through which the electromagnetic radiation can be passed to achieve as local heating of the front surface as possible and which is delimited at one end of the component by a thin end piece, the side of which facing away from the beam forms the front surface of the second component. In this way, the region of the second component formed by the terminating piece and encompassing the front surface can be heated selectively or locally by the application of electromagnetic radiation. This is possible during the entire joining process, i.e. the front surface can still be heated after it has been immersed in the first component. In this way, the optimal joining temperature can be set during the entire joining process. In particular, this allows comparatively large penetration depths to be achieved with relatively short joining times. If necessary, the beam guidance, in particular the setting of the focus position of the laser beam, can be adapted to the advancing penetration depth during the joining process. The end piece can also be designed in such a way that it simultaneously forms a thickening of the second component which is used to produce the form fit.

Alternatively, the second component can be at least partially transparent or translucent for the electromagnetic radiation acting on it. In this case, an axial bore can be dispensed with in order to achieve the same effect and advantages as in the aforementioned exemplary embodiment, i.e. a closed, compact second component can be used. For example, the second component can have transparent tool inserts made of quartz glass, sapphire or diamond for this purpose. In this way, the radiation or laser radiation can also be guided through such a closed tool to the required locations. This shortens the joining process by avoiding sequential component heating.

When the electromagnetic radiation or laser radiation is guided through the first component onto the front surface of the second component, the radiation preferably traverses the first component, for example essentially in the opposite direction to the direction in which the second component penetrates the first component. For this purpose, the first component must be sufficiently transparent or at least translucent for the electromagnetic radiation used, as is the case for thermoplastics in the unpigmented state. For this alternative, therefore, in particular transparent or translucent plastics, or all thermoplastics, such as PC, PMMA, PP, PEEK, PET, etc., can be used. The beam guidance and focusing is preferably selected in such a way that the entire or at least a substantial part of the front surface of the second component is exposed to radiation. In this way, regardless of the choice of the second component, it can be ensured that the entire front surface is heated to a desired temperature.

Direct heating of the front surface is therefore possible, also in this case in particular after the front surface has been immersed in the first component. In this way, the optimal joining temperature can be set during the entire joining process. Another advantage of this alternative is that it is particularly easy to use both components can be heated directly, ie the first component is also heated directly and not, or not only indirectly, by way of heat conduction via the heated second component. This enables shorter joining times and greater joining depths. In addition, internal stresses in the plastic component can be minimized, since there is a homogeneous temperature distribution and thus lower temperature gradients in the plastic than in the case of indirect heating by way of heat conduction via the second component. In order to achieve suitable heating, the radiation source must be selected with regard to its wavelength and coordinated with the selection of the plastic of the first component so that a sufficient proportion of the radiation is absorbed by the plastic of the first component. For example, a laser radiating in the mid-infrared range (approx. 1.7 to 2.0 µm) can be used for the simultaneous irradiation and heating of a thermoplastic material. Most thermoplastics have an inherent absorption of approx. 20% in this wavelength range (partial absorption). The laser focus and the Rayleigh length are set so that the laser focus is positioned within the plastic near the penetrating second component or its front surface, for example at a distance of a few 100 µm to a few millimeters. As a result, the contact area between the first and second component or at least a partial area thereof is heated; the heating achieved thereby is preferably even sufficient for the plasticization of the first component in this area. The laser focus can be shifted during the joining process, that is, the penetration of the second component, in such a way that a constant distance from the front surface of the penetrating second component is maintained. Overall, the area, if possible the entire area, of the first component into which the second component penetrates is preferably heated directly by the laser radiation. The non-absorbed portion of the laser beam strikes the front surface of the second component with a widened beam cross-section - after passing through the focus; the beam guidance and focusing is again preferably selected in such a way that the entire or at least a substantial part of the front surface of the second component is exposed to radiation.

Due to the high energy density of laser radiation, targeted, rapid heating, possibly with local delimitation of the second, in particular the metal component, is possible. If the thermal radiation emitted by the first and / or the second component is measured with a pyrometer, the exact required joining temperature can be regulated depending on the material.

The pyrometer signal is processed together with the target temperature in a controller and a corresponding control signal equivalent to the laser power is passed on to the laser. Among other things, this enables the components to be inserted without tension, and harmful overheating of the components does not occur.

The use of a scanner system enables the selective heating of individual component areas regardless of the geometry used for the second, i.e. metal or ceramic component.

In comparison to existing heating concepts, the heating with laser radiation is practically independent of the thermal conductivity and the electrical conductivity of the material to be impressed. Therefore, in addition to metals, ceramic materials can also be combined with plastics. The combination of properties of both materials (ceramic and plastic) results in hybrid components with great mechanical strength (hardness), wear resistance and good temperature stability, while at the same time being low in weight and variable in shape. If plastics are used that have a different hardness at a given temperature or have different glass transition or melting temperatures, it is also possible to join two plastics together. A connection of plastic with wood is also feasible.

Figure list

• 1a-d: erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrensablauf
• 2: Beispiel für ein zweites Bauteil
• 3: weiteres Beispiel für ein zweites Bauteil
• 4a-b: Alternativen für die Bestrahlung des zweiten Bauteils
• 5: Ausführungsbeispiel mit direkter Erwärmung beider Bauteile
• 6: erfindungsgemäße Verbindung eines Brillenglases mit einem Brillengestell
• 7: erfindungsgemäßer Verfahrensablauf beim Fügen von Metallrändern an Kunststoffbauteile
• 8: Foto eines mit dem erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren hergestellten Verbundbauteils aus einem Kunststoffbauteil und einem Gewindeeinsatz

The present invention is explained in more detail below using exemplary embodiments in conjunction with the drawings, without restricting the scope of protection specified by the patent claims. Here show:

• 1a-d : Procedure according to the invention
• 2 : Example of a second component
• 3 : Another example of a second component
• 4a-b : Alternatives for irradiating the second component
• 5 : Exemplary embodiment with direct heating of both components
• 6th : inventive connection of a spectacle lens with a spectacle frame
• 7th : Process sequence according to the invention when joining metal edges to plastic components
• 8th : Photo of a composite component made with the method according to the invention from a plastic component and a threaded insert

Ways of Carrying Out the Invention

the 1 a until 1d show a method sequence according to the invention, with a second component in the form of a threaded insert 2 in a first component 1 from plastic under the action of a force F penetrates. The thread insert 2 is a cylindrical body that attaches to the plastic component 1 facing end is closed by a the remaining cylindrical body in diameter surpassing front plate. The laser radiation 3 becomes during the penetration of the thread insert 2 in the plastic component 1 through the plastic component 1 through to the front surface 8th the front plate of the threaded insert 2 directed ( 1 b and c ). After the joining process ( 1d ) the two components 1, 2 are positively connected to one another. Part of the threaded insert 2 is located within the plastic component 1 . The outside area of the thread insert 2 includes an external thread 7th , which enables a standardized coupling of the composite component with other components.

2 shows a further example of a thread insert that can be used as a second component in the method according to the invention 2 with an external thread 7th . This consists of a hollow cylinder that is attached to one for penetration into a first component 1 provided end to the outside an annular thickening 4th has, through which a form fit is realized. The front surface 8th this second component 2 thus consists of a circular surface with a central opening. This allows material of the first component during the joining process 1 to avoid undesired ejection on the surface of the first component 1 into the cavity 6th of the hollow cylinder.

3 shows a further example of a second component that can be used in the method according to the invention 2 . This also consists of a hollow cylinder that forms a cavity during the joining process 6th for holding the material of the first component 1 provides. In addition, this second component 2 a recess 5 in the form of a through the second component 2 transversely to the hollow cylinder axis through hole. A form fit is created by the plasticized material of the first component 1 flows into the bore. The front surface also exists here 8th this second component 2 from a circular surface with a central opening.

the 4a and b show possible alternatives for loading the second component 2 with electromagnetic radiation 3 . 4a shows a particularly advantageous embodiment in the case of laser radiation 3 through the plastic component 1 is passed through. In this way, the front face 8th of the first component 1 are irradiated during the joining process, ie in particular after the front surface 8th has already penetrated the first component. Due to the high energy density of the laser radiation 3 targeted, rapid heating is possible, with a certain local limitation of the heating on the front part or the front surface 8th of the second component 2 can be achieved. The plastic needs to match the wavelength of the laser radiation 3 be sufficiently transparent or translucent.

4b shows a further embodiment for the application of the second component 2 with electromagnetic radiation 3 . This also has the advantage that the front surface 8th of the first component 1 can be irradiated during the joining process, ie in particular even after the front surface 8th has already penetrated the first component. Unlike the alternative of 4a becomes the laser radiation 3 but not through the first component 1 guided. This embodiment can therefore also be used when the laser radiation 3 due to the type of material of the first component 1 cannot be passed through this. Instead, in this case, the laser radiation 3 through the second component 2 through on its front surface 8th guided. This can be done through a hole on the longitudinal axis of the second component 2 respectively.

5 shows a special embodiment of the already in 4a presented embodiment of the invention, in which the laser radiation 3 through the plastic component 1 through to the front surface 8th of the second component 2 to be led. Thereby the laser radiation 3 guided and focused so that the laser focus 9 within the first component 1 located. The plastic component used 1 is a thermoplastic material that has an inherent absorption of approx. 20% (partial absorption) in the mid-infrared wavelength range, within which laser radiation is provided in the present case. This is at least in one area around the laser focus 9 The direct irradiation already results in a not inconsiderable warming of the plastic component 1 given. This can cause internal stresses in the plastic component 1 can be minimized, since a homogeneous temperature distribution and thus lower temperature gradients in the plastic than in the case of indirect heating by way of heat conduction via the second component 2 are present. In the present case, the part of the laser radiation not absorbed by the plastic hits 3 slightly expanded on the front surface 8th of the second component 2 . There are thus both components 1, 2 in a direct manner by the application of laser radiation 3 warmed up.

6th shows a special application example of the method according to the invention, namely the connection of a spectacle lens 1 , for example made of plastic, with the frame. This is a bracket 2 with a thickening 4th into the spectacle lens according to the method according to the invention 1 pressed into it. Instead of the thickening shown 4th could be the bracket 2 as already explained another means for achieving a form fit, such as a recess 5 (e.g. a hole). The bracket 2 has standardized construction elements (eg thread), by means of which the composite component from the bracket 2 and lens 1 can be further connected to the frame. Alternatively, it is just as possible that the bracket 2 Is part of the temple, so that no additional connecting element is necessary, ie temple and lens are connected directly to one another. A loosening of the connection, as it can occur with screw connections, is not possible in this case. The method according to the invention is particularly well suited for the production of glasses, since the holder has a particularly small size in order to achieve a stable connection 2 realizable is what has advantages, especially from an aesthetic point of view and for achieving the largest possible field of vision, and offers new design options. In addition, the spectacle lens is treated particularly gently when the connection is made; in particular, no pre-drilling is required in the spectacle lens.

In the 7a until d the process sequence for a further field of application of the invention is shown, namely the large-area joining of strip material, for example the joining of metal edges to plastic components. The second component 2 has in this case outside of his to penetrate into the first component 1 provided area perpendicular to the direction of penetration 10 a flat, expanded shape, the expansion of which is that of the penetration into the first component 1 far exceeds the intended area in this direction. After the joining process, this area lies directly on the surface of the first component 1 on. The one to penetrate the first component 1 designated area points on the front surface 8th a thickening due to the large expansion of the second component 2 outside of the to penetrate into the first component 1 intended area to achieve a stable connection is particularly pronounced. The front surface 8th is through the first component 1 through during the joining process with laser radiation 3 irradiated. The cross section of the beam on the front surface 8th hitting laser radiation 3 is related to the extent of the front surface 8th customized.

8th shows a photo of a composite component produced using the method according to the invention, made of a plastic component and a threaded insert, into which a screw has been screwed for the sake of clarity. The plastic component shown consists of polymethyl methacrylate (Plexiglas - PMMA), the process was also carried out accordingly with polycarbonate (PC). According to the invention, the threaded insert (M4 is shown) was pressed into the plastic cuboid. In other, not shown, already implemented versions of the inventions, threaded rods from M2.5 (form fit is created by the immersed thread turns - immersion depths from 1.5mm) as well as screws from M2.5 (in which the (flat) head was immersed in the plastic component, so that the form fit was created by the enlarged diameter of the head). However, sizes smaller than M2.5 can also be used, but larger sizes can also be used. The laser radiation was with a round or circular cross-section on the respective (round or circular) front surface 8th of the second component passed through the plastic component. The power range started at around 15 watts for the M2.5 thread and increased to 60 watts for the M4 thread inserts. A diode laser with a wavelength range of 820-980nm was used, although solid-state lasers (wavelength 1064nm) could also have been used. During the processing, areas of the plastic component were heated to a temperature above the glass transition temperature of the plastic component. The metallic component was pressed into the plastic component with forces between 3 and 8kN.

List of reference symbols

1

First component

2

Second component

3

electromagnetic radiation

4th

thickening

5

Recess

6th

cavity

7th

thread

8th

Front surface of the second component

9

Electromagnetic radiation focus

10

Direction of penetration

11th

Glasses frame

Claims (23)

Method for joining a first component (1) to a second component (2), with the second component (2) at least partially penetrating the first component (1) through a relative movement of the two components (1, 2) without the second Component (2) undergoes a change in shape during joining, at least in the area that penetrates into the first component (1), with the first component (1) in a contact area with the second component (2) is heated, so that the first component (1) locally plasticized, and wherein, after the joining process, the cooled first component (1) is positively connected to the second component (2), characterized in that the first component (1) is heated by exposure to the first component (1) and of the second component (2) is achieved with electromagnetic radiation (3), the first component (1) being translucent or transparent for the electromagnetic radiation (3) used and exposure of the second component (2) to electromagnetic radiation (3) the first component (1) passes through and the front surface (8) of the second component (2) facing the first component (1) in the penetration direction (10) of the second component (2) into the first component (1) with electromagnetic radiation (3 ) is applied. Procedure according to Claim 1 , characterized in that the focus (9) of the electromagnetic radiation (3) within the first component (1) is set near the frontal end surface (8) of the penetrating second component (2). Method for joining a first component (1) to a second component (2), with the second component (2) at least partially penetrating the first component (1) through a relative movement of the two components (1, 2) without the second Component (2) undergoes a change in shape during joining, at least in the area that penetrates into the first component (1), with the first component (1) in a contact area with the second component (2) is heated so that the first component (1) is locally plasticized, and after the joining process the cooled first component (1) is positively connected to the second component (2), characterized in that a heating of the first component (1) by exposure of the second component (2) or by exposure of the first component (1) and the second component (2) with electromagnetic radiation (3) is achieved, the second component (2) only in his frontal end area is exposed to electromagnetic radiation (3) and the second component (2) has an optical access through which the frontal end area of the second component (2) during and after penetration or after penetration into the first component (1) electromagnetic radiation (3) is applied. Procedure according to Claim 3 , characterized in that the optical access is given through an axial bore in the second component (2). Procedure according to Claim 3 , characterized in that at least a partial area of the second component (2) is transparent for the electromagnetic radiation (3) used, whereby an optical access is given. Method according to one of the Claims 3 until 5 , characterized in that only the second component (2) is exposed to electromagnetic radiation (3) and the heating of the first component (1) takes place by means of thermal conduction. Method according to one of the Claims 3 until 6th , characterized in that the first component (1) is translucent or transparent for the electromagnetic radiation (3) used. Method according to one of the Claims 1 until 7th , characterized in that the penetration of the second component (2) into the first component (1) causes a change in position of the liquid material of the first component (1). Method according to one of the Claims 1 until 8th , characterized in that after the composite component has cooled down, the first component (1) surrounds the second component (2) in such a way that the relative movement is prevented from being reversed. Method according to one of the Claims 1 until 9 , characterized in that the second component (2) has a means (4, 5) for producing a form fit in the area which penetrates into the first component (1). Method according to one of the Claims 1 until 10 , characterized in that the second component (2) has a thickening (4) in the area which penetrates into the first component (1). Method according to one of the Claims 1 until 11th , characterized in that the second component (2) has a recess (5) in the area which penetrates into the first component (1). Method according to one of the Claims 1 until 12th , characterized in that the entire second component (2) does not experience any change in shape as a result of the connection process. Method according to one of the Claims 1 until 13th , characterized in that the first component (1) is formed from a thermoplastic plastic, in particular PMMA or PC. Method according to one of the Claims 1 until 14th , characterized in that the second component (2) has a higher temperature resistance than the first component (1). Method according to one of the Claims 1 until 15th , characterized in that the first component (1) has a lower hardness than the second component (2) at a specifiable temperature Method according to one of the Claims 1 until 16 , characterized in that the second component (2) is made of metal, ceramic, wood or plastic. Method according to one of the Claims 1 until 17th , characterized in that the electromagnetic radiation (3) is generated by a laser, preferably a cw laser, in particular a solid-state or diode laser. Method according to one of the Claims 1 until 18th , characterized in that the second component (2) has a cavity (6) into which plastic from the first component (1) can penetrate during the joining process. Method according to one of the Claims 1 until 19th , characterized in that heat radiation emitted by one of the components (1,2) is detected. Procedure according to Claim 20 , characterized in that while the second component (2) and / or first component (1) is exposed to electromagnetic radiation (3), the output of the electromagnetic radiation is regulated as a function of the detected thermal radiation. Method according to one of the Claims 1 until 21 , characterized in that the second component (2) has a thread (7) in the area remaining outside the first component (1). Composite component, in particular glasses, produced by a method according to one of the preceding claims.

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