DE102007022302A1 - Controlled nuclear fusion causing device for use in military, has accelerated fusion material including solid body, where acceleration of fusion material takes place in accelerator of device via introduction of radiation energy - Google Patents

Abstract

The device has nuclear fusion released in an inertial bracket by impact of fusion materials that are synchronously folded one on the other. An accelerated fusion material is synchronously folded at a central pellet of the fusion materials. The accelerated fusion material consists of a solid body from deuterium/tritium or lithium deuterin. The central positioned fusion material is made of deuterium/tritium. An acceleration of the fusion material takes place in an accelerator of the device via an introduction of radiation energy.

Description

Summary

The The invention relates to a device with the aid of which a controlled Nuclear fusion for energy production can be brought about.

According to the invention The radiant energy supplied to the system by conversion and caching accumulated in the form of kinetic energy. In the case of the impact of the fusion material, this energy becomes abrupt released again. The device allows an increase the energy pulse to trigger the fusion. The invention has an extraordinary importance for the economy and the ecology.

The Invention also enables nuclear physics technical measurements of the merger process and therefore has considerable military implications Importance. The knowledge gained from such measurements could in the development and construction of nuclear explosive devices be used.

description

In Decades of research efforts around the world Significant progress has been made towards a controlled Made nuclear fusion. So far, however, it has not yet succeeded to achieve controlled nuclear fusion with a positive energy balance.

at the use of primary energy oil, Gas or coal releases the greenhouse gas CO2. This gas is known to a large extent to change of the climate on earth.

Of the Use of renewable energy, such as the direct use of the sun by solar cells as well as heat source, as well as the use indirect solar energy in the form of hydropower, wind energy, Biogas is currently being funded by government promoted.

The from technology and privately needed ever increasing However, energy can not be covered by chemical reactions be.

In comparison with chemical reactions (1 + 10 ⁷ J / kg), nuclear reactions have a very high energy release rate (8 · 10 ¹³ J / kg) and do not release any climate-damaging greenhouse gas CO2.

Indeed There are also certain dangers in the use of nuclear energy.

The Use of nuclear fission energy therefore has mainly in Germany no good acceptance among the population. From politics Therefore, an exit from nuclear energy was decided.

The Energy release through controlled nuclear fusion, on the other hand, offers different advantages.

reactor accidents are highly unlikely. Regarding a "runaway" they are inherently safe in the reaction. The fuel stock (Deuterium from the sea) is virtually unlimited. The resulting Waste products have a significantly lower level of radioactivity and are easier to handle than those of nuclear fission reactors released substances.

Nuclear fusion reactions provide the energy for the radiation of the stars. The abundant hydrogen in the universe is thereby fused with the release of energy to helium (fusion fire of the stars). 4H ⁺ ⇒ + 4 / 2He ²⁺ + 2 0 / 1e ⁺ + 2v _e + 26.7MeV (1)

Our The sun supplies 1.5 quadrillion megawatt hours annually the earth. Of these, only about 35% are thrown back into space. The light of the sun reaches the earth but in a very small amount Energy density. In addition, the energy radiation not distributed continuously over time.

The but present civilization is of a continuous Energy supply dependent. As an economic Solution of energy storage and energy transport via long distances could not be realized so far, our civilization would be in the winter, at night or at Rain endangered.

aim global effort is therefore to reduce the energy production of the To understand the sun on earth. It is aimed at the energy in a fusion power plant from the fusion of atomic nuclei to win.

State of the art

The technical energy production according to the above equation (1) but because the required very high temperatures are not suitable. As fuel for controlled fusion under terrestrial conditions should therefore a deuterium-tritium mixture (according to equation 2) serve.

The amount of energy of one gram of the fusion fuel corresponds to the energy content of 10 000 liters of heating oil. The hydrogen isotope deuterium is practically unlimited (in seawater about 30 g / m ³ ) and would ensure the energy supply of humankind according to the reaction for the next 1000 years.

The tritium required for the reaction is said to be lithium (according to equation 3) are obtained, the neutron from the fusion reaction can be used.

Around to realize a fusion according to reaction equation (2), must of course also in this reaction the electrostatic repulsive forces between the positively charged nuclei are overcome. This succeeds also only at very high temperatures at which the matter forming a plasma.

While on the sun the plasma is formed by gravitation and fusion energy and stabilized by the gravitational field of the star must the plasma is created under terrestrial conditions first and in suitable Devices are included.

Should a fusion plant work economically, must continue to win Energy to be greater than the energy for the inclusion and heating of the plasma is used. These Condition is theoretically considered attained when the product is out of the Inclusion time τ and the plasma density n at sufficiently high Temperature T exceeds a certain value.

• • Mit der Einschlusszeit τ des Plasmas (je länger die Kerne auf hoher Temperatur zusammenhalten werden, desto höher ist die Fusionswahrscheinlichkeit).
• • Mit der Teilchendichte n des Plasmas (mit wachsender Teilchenzahl pro Volumeneinheit wächst die Stoßwahrscheinlichkeit).
• • Mit der Temperatur T des Plasmas (die Temperatur des Plasmas sollte so gewählt werden, dass man in der Nähe des Maximums des Wirkungsquerschnitts liegt. Bei einem D-T-Plasma wären dies etwa 10⁸ K).

From Lawson comes the following estimate (Lawson criterion):

• • With the inclusion time τ of the plasma (the longer the nuclei are held together at high temperature, the higher the probability of fusion).
• • With the particle density n of the plasma (with increasing number of particles per unit volume, the probability of impact increases).
• • With the temperature T of the plasma (the temperature of the plasma should be chosen so that it is close to the maximum of the cross-section.) For a DT plasma this would be about 10 ⁸ K).

Inclusion of the plasma

While on the sun the plasma through the gravitational field of the star stabilized, the plasma must first under terrestrial conditions created and enclosed in suitable devices.

The intended release of nuclear fusion energy is currently being pursued mainly in two different ways.
Magnetic confinement systems.
Inertia confinement of the fusion plasma.

The Magnetic confinement systems are characterized by very low plasma densities and long inclusion times.

Of the Inertia inclusion, on the other hand, requires a very short time Time span (billionth of a second) an enormous energy intake in the 100th Terawatt range to ignite the fusion mixture.

Magnetic inclusion

There the charged nuclei of deuterium and tritium are in one If you move plasma unchecked in all directions, you have it that strive to expand like gases. To prevent this the particles are trapped by magnetic fields.

today it is preferable to annular for this inclusion Plants of the so-called Tokamak type. The migration of the particles is by a magnetic field closed to a ring on a circular Forced movement. For a complete inclusion provides another so-called poloidal field. In addition, by means of a transformer generates a ring current. This stream is generated in turn, a magnetic field which interacts with the annular Field lines of the torus make a helical movement charged core particles causes.

you The bolted field lines can also be formed by suitably shaped outer Reach magnetic coils. In these so-called. Stellators no plasma flow needed.

The further heating of the plasma is carried out by neutral particle heating and high frequency wave heating. Details should be given here will not be explained in detail.

inertial confinement

Here the inertial behavior of the mass is exploited.

laser or particle beams are applied to a small capsule, the so-called pellet directed. The pellet contains only a few millimeters in diameter a fusion mixture (deuterium and tritium). Upon impact of the rays a plasma forms on the pellet on the surface which expands jerkily. The resulting Pressure wave compresses the interior of the pellet 1000 times.

Under In these conditions, the fusion should be at a temperature of 100 Millions of degrees take place. Because the reaction is within fractions takes place for one second, the plasma becomes "divergence" due to its own inertia prevented.

at there is irradiation of the pellet with laser or ion beams different variations. The pellet can be irradiated directly, or it is surrounded for example with a metal sleeve. Also the inclusion of the pellet in a ball of carbon (diamond) Wil be inspected.

There The laser has a very high power density and very focusable is, it becomes as an energy source in the inertial enclosure prefers. Disadvantage of currently available Laser is their low efficiency and related high cost per unit of energy. In addition, must a variety of costly devices are used to get enough energy into the pellet for the ignition of the To merge.

The The US therefore wants in its most advanced project NIF (National Ignition Facility) 192 super strong laser to be merged Direct deuterium / tritium beads.

electron with great energy can with a very high Efficiency (up to 50%) can be provided. The disadvantage is Here, however, the great pulse duration of the same, whereby the required to ignite the merger can not be introduced into the fuel pellets (Fuel pellet flies apart first).

It has already succeeded by all-round irradiation of a central positioned pellet trigger a fusion reaction.

The fusion of hydrogen nuclei controlled in a reactor with release of energy drain but has so far been successful neither with the magnetic nor with the inertial enclosure.

The invention

The into the system for overcoming the electrostatic repulsion barrier the nucleons energy to be introduced, as in the known Inertial confinement method, by radiation transmitter applied.

According to the invention However, the beam energy thereby by conversion and caching in Form of kinetic energy accumulated.

According to the invention a plurality of beam pulses in the form of kinetic energy cached resulting in the overall system with significantly increased energy efficiencies can be operated. In case of an impact of the fusion material released this energy abruptly. this makes possible an increase in the energy pulse for triggering the merger.

at inventive use of the device can Therefore, the number of radiation sensors used can be reduced.

By the conversion and accumulation of the kinetic energy into kinetic Energy allows the invention Application of the device also the use of electron beams (with longer pulse duration) for the introduction energy into the matter to be merged. Because of the essential better energy efficiencies in the generation of electron beams the overall energy balance of the process improves.

According to the invention the conversion of the radiation energy into kinetic energy in special Accelerators. The radiant energy introduced into the system is used in these accelerators in kinetic energy of fusion material converted and cached in this material.

The Accelerators are in principle evacuated tubes, which is connected between the transmitter and the fusion reactor become.

In These accelerators are inventively the Radiate from the radiation sources on small solids Focused fusion material, where they experience an acceleration. The solids to be accelerated from fusion material can be provided with a pre-acceleration in the Accelerator be injected.

It is advantageous to the solids with a twist Mistake.

By the spin becomes the trajectory of the solid (similar a bullet) stabilized.

According to the invention the energy beam for the acceleration (of the fusion solid) so focused that only part of the material from the solid vaporizes and is expelled from this while in the laser or electron beam machining of materials that Material in certain places wanted completely melts and evaporate (there should be holes or cuts).

The Such focused radiation according to the invention so directed to the solid bodies to be accelerated, that a part of the introduced into the accelerator material of the solid exploded explosively and thrown out the material to the rear becomes.

νi

= ideale Endgeschwindigkeit

c

= Ausströmgeschwindigkeit des Antriebsmediums (Ablationsprodukte)

M1

= Anfangsmasse der Rakete (der Fusionstablette)

M0

= Leermasse der Rakete inklusive Nutzmasse (beschleunigte Fusionstablette)

The solids undergo a rocket-type recoil drive (according to Equation 5) which accelerates them towards the center of the fusion reactor. νi = c × ln (M1 / M0) (5)

v i

= ideal final speed

c

= Discharge velocity of the drive medium (ablation products)

M1

= Initial mass of the rocket (the fusion tablet)

M0

= Empty mass of the rocket including payload (accelerated fusion tablet)

The known implementation of the directed to a pellet of fusion material radiation to there beab observed heating of the fusion plasma, has loud ( Brueckner, K. A, S. Jorna: Laser driven fusion. Review of Modern Physics, Vol 46, No 2, April (1974) only an efficiency of 5-10%. The far greater amount of energy of the radiation, namely 90-95%, is thereby converted into kinetic energy of released ablation products.

at the unilateral irradiation according to the invention of the material, however, the latter is just advantageous because a large amount of energy as kinetic energy for implemented the acceleration of the fusion material by rocket propulsion and exploited.

According to the invention the material of the fusion material to be accelerated advantageous Lithium deuteride or a composite body lithium deuteride and frozen deuterium / tritium.

At least a part of the ejected from the accelerated solids Ablation products receive such a high temperature upon irradiation that they are present as plasma in ionized state. This will it is possible to get the solids through an outside accelerate electromagnetic field in addition.

Dependent from the pulse frequency of the radiator, as well as the length of the Accelerator, can on the acceleration section one Variety of pulses of the radiation transmitter on the solids to be shot.

According to the invention thereby, with the same performance incorporated into the system for the merger, the number of radiation transmitters is reduced or the same number the spotlight significantly increases the power input become.

Learns according to the invention the fusion material thereby (similar to the step principle of the Rocket propulsion) with each beam impulse an ever higher Speed (kinetic energy).

According to the invention thereby required for controlled nuclear fusion Energy density achieved.

stage principle

• νi = c × ln Rges (6)

  v i

  = Final velocity of the remaining solid before impact.

  c

  = Outflow velocity of the drive medium (ablation products) assumed to be the same for all "stages".

  Rges

  = Total mass ratio

  This results from the step mass ratios according to equation (7).
• R ges = (R1 × R2) Rn) (7)

With each pulse of the emitter reduces the weight of the accelerated one Solid around the mass of ejected ablation products. The starting masses of the accelerating material to be accelerated chosen so that the remaining material to the Triggering the fusion reaction of sufficient mass and kinetic Has energy.

According to the invention the accelerated solids of the fusion material simultaneously shot into the fusion reactor.

Here They meet either on top of each other or on a centrally positioned one Fusion solid, the so-called pellet wherein the stored released kinetic energy of the accelerated matter again becomes.

As As stated above, the pellet can also be fitted with a metal sleeve be surrounded by which the primary beam in heat radiation converted while achieving a more synchronous implosion should be included or otherwise included.

When lithium deuteride is used as the accelerated solid, the envelope of the fused silica is From Deuterium / tritium through the dense lithium cladding around the reaction center in the fusion ignition particularly advantageous because at least a portion of the released during the fusion of neutrons produce tritium.

Furthermore is due to the absorption of a large part of the radiation achieved a certain protection of the inner reactor wall.

According to the invention in the impact of solid in the central reactor the kinetic Energy of the accelerated solid particles abruptly again released with the resulting pressure and heat wave the Fusion initiates.

The Possibility to trigger a fusion reaction by an impact has already been studied theoretically and the realistic feasibility demonstrated. The very high speeds required for this, to accelerate the projectiles with the fusion material should be with so-called rail gun accelerators be achieved.

With These rail guns are supposed to have projectiles with a mass from 0.1 g to 150 km / s and more and thus have sufficient kinetic energy to impact trigger a fusion reaction.

The However, system is not for continuous operation energy production in a fusion power plant suitable.

Of the use of the accelerator according to the invention, however enables continuous operation of energy production in a fusion power plant.

The Conversion of radiation energy into kinetic kinetic energy it will be described elsewhere.

In The US is trying so even smaller satellites in orbit to carry the earth.

It The first tests have already been carried out with a pulsating CO2 laser.

The System works in such a way that below the missile A mirror is attached to the laser beam in a kind of combustion chamber throws under the missile. In the air-filled "combustion chamber" The laser radiation generates a high-pressure plasma with a temperature of 30 000 ° C. The outflowing air drives that Vehicle in the air.

at the acceleration of the fusion material according to the invention On the other hand, the energy vapor evaporates and is ejected Material itself used for the rocket-like propulsion

The Use of fusion material according to the invention as a carrier of kinetic energy is particularly advantageous because so a contamination of the fusion operation with foreign substances Prevented and thus an impairment of the fusion reaction is avoided.

The inventive embodiment of the device to achieve controlled nuclear fusion, through conversion and accumulation of energy in the form of kinetic Energy, even the use of electron beams (with a longer Pulse duration as a laser). This improves the energy balance of the system.

The Accumulation according to the invention into the system introduced energy increases the energy impulse at the Relief at the time of the impact against the hitherto pursued method drastically.

This is another key factor in the realization of the controlled core function.

Of the additional financial expense for the installation and the operation of the accelerator is opposite to the reduced number and type of radiators negligible small.

Reference list for drawings

In 1 the principle for triggering a controlled nuclear fusion by impact of fusion material according to claim 1 is shown. By way of example, three accelerated fuel pellets are shown shortly before the impact in the center of the fusion chamber, as well as the explosion wave and the radiation from the previous fusion reaction.

2 shows by way of example (only one jet shown) how four fuel solids are irradiated in the accelerators and thereby obtain kinetic energy. Furthermore, four accelerated fuel solids are shown shortly before the impact with the centrally positioned in the reactor zone fuel pellets (according to claim 5) from deuterium / tritium.

to Dissipation of energy released in the fusion reaction is also filled with liquid lithium Reactor casing with the heat exchanger shown.

3 schematically shows the material and energy flow of the plant according to the invention for energy production by a controlled nuclear fusion.

4 is intended to explain the structure of a plant for energy production according to the invention by a controlled nuclear fusion.

Of the Fusion reactor is housed in a shelter and so from completed the environment. The conventional systems for energy production On the other hand, they are set up outside this shelter.

Also the plants for the production of the required solids from the fusion material starting from the starting materials deuterium (D), lithium (Li) and the plant for the production of lithium deuteride are placed outside the shelter.

Also the spotlights are located outside this shelter.

The Accelerators lead from the spotlights through the shelter space walling in the central reactor room.

These Plant components are evacuated. Due to possible leaks could no material leakage takes place here.

Unreacted Lithium (Li), tritium (T), lithium deuteride (LiD) and the reaction product Helium (He) are withdrawn from the reactor zone.

The Helium is separated from the other substances and in pressure bottles filled outside the reactor cell.

deuterium and tritium along with the one from the reactor shell Tritium fed back to the reactor. The same thing happens with unreacted lithium deuteride.

QUOTES INCLUDE IN THE DESCRIPTION

This list The documents listed by the applicant have been automated generated and is solely for better information recorded by the reader. The list is not part of the German Patent or utility model application. The DPMA takes over no liability for any errors or omissions.

Cited non-patent literature

• - Brueckner, K. A, S. Jorna: Laser driven fusion. Review of Modern Physics, Vol 46, No 2, April (1974) [0054]

Claims (9)

Device for the production of a controlled nuclear fusion according to claim 1, characterized in that the fusion in an inertial support is triggered by impact of synchronously launched fusion material. Device for producing a controlled Nuclear fusion according to claim 1, characterized in that accelerated fusion material synchronously to a central pellet shot of fusion material. Device for producing a controlled Nuclear fusion according to claim 2, characterized in that the accelerated fusion material from a solid deuterium / tritium or lithium deuteride. Device for producing a controlled Nuclear fusion according to claim 1, 2, characterized in that the accelerated fusion material from a composite solid lithium deuteride and frozen deuterium / tritium. Device for producing a controlled Nuclear fusion according to claim 2-4 characterized in that that the centrally positioned fusion material of deuterium / tritium is composed. Device for producing a controlled Nuclear fusion according to claim 3, characterized in that the acceleration of the fusion material according to claim 1, 2 in one Accelerator of the device by introducing radiation energy he follows. Device for producing a controlled Nuclear fusion according to claims 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5, characterized that the beam pulses in the accelerator so directed and focused to hit the bodies to be accelerated, that these particles released by the ablation of the solids and gases undergo a rocket-like acceleration drive. Device for producing a controlled Nuclear fusion according to claim 5, characterized in that the dimensioning of the accelerator according to the used Spotlights (laser, ion beams, electron beams) a multi-level Drive according to the pulse frequency of the spotlights allowed to the kinetic energy needed for fusion contribute. Device for producing a controlled Nuclear fusion according to claims 1 and 2, characterized that by the ionization of the ablated material accordingly Claim 1-7 the accelerated fusion material by an external electromagnetic field an additional acceleration experiences.