DE102007013543A1 - Occupant restraint device for a motor vehicle and method for restraining an occupant of a motor vehicle - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to an occupant restraint device for a motor vehicle, comprising a support structure (T) of a motor vehicle having an outer side (S) facing an outer space (A) of the motor vehicle, at least one airbag (L) designed to protect an occupant (P) before an impending, from the outer space (A) ago on the outside (S) of the support structure (T) occurring force between the support structure (T) of the motor vehicle and the vehicle seat (F) intended occupied occupant (P) inflated with gas to be, wherein the gas bag (L) during inflation so cooperates with the occupant (P) that it is displaced away from the support structure (T) to an interior (I) of the motor vehicle, a gas generator (G) for releasing the Inflating the gas bag (L) required gas, a cooperating with the gas generator (G) Pre-crash detection device (D) for detecting an impending force on the Outside (S) of the support structure (T), wherein the pre-crash detection device (D) is adapted to trigger upon detection of an impending force the gas generator (G) for inflating the airbag (L), a pressure control device (R) for changing the pressure prevailing in the gas bag (L) and a crash detection device (D ') cooperating with the pressure control device (R) for detecting a force on the outside (S) of the support structure (T), wherein the detector ...

Description

The The invention relates to an occupant restraint device for a motor vehicle and a method of retention an occupant of a motor vehicle.

Known Occupant restraint exhibit at least one gas bag, which is set up and provided for is to protect an occupant from impending, from the outside on an outside a load-bearing structure of a motor vehicle, z. B. by a collision with another vehicle between a the interior of the motor vehicle facing the inside of Support structure and a occupant occupying a vehicle seat as intended of the motor vehicle to be inflated. At the vehicle seat can it be z. B. act a front seat for a driver or a passenger or around a backseat or a backseat.

Of the Invention is the object of an occupant restraint and a method of retention to provide an occupant of a motor vehicle, in which the Energy absorption behavior is improved. This problem will by an occupant restraint for a Motor vehicle solved with the features of claim 1.

The Occupant restraint device according to the invention includes a support structure of a motor vehicle, for example a vehicle door (possibly with door panel) and / or a vehicle pillar may comprise, wherein the support structure via a the outer space the motor vehicle facing outside and the interior the motor vehicle facing inside has; at least one airbag, which is designed and intended to protect an occupant in front of an imminent, from the outside on the outside the support structure force occurring between the inside the support structure and a located in the interior of the motor vehicle Inmates to be inflated with gas, the gas bag when inflating so coupled to the occupants that the center of gravity of the occupant is displaced away from the support structure towards the vehicle center; a gas generator for releasing the for inflating the airbag used gas; a pre-crash detection device cooperating with the gas generator for detecting an impending force on the outside of the Support structure, the pre-crash detection device is designed to detect an impending force on the outside of the Supporting structure to activate the gas generator for inflating the airbag, and a pressure regulating device for controlling the in the gas bag due to the Inflating prevailing pressure, and one with the pressure regulator cooperating crash detection device for detecting the possibly anticipated by the pre-crash detection device indeed Acting force on the outside of the support structure, wherein the crash detection device is designed to detect the force of the pressure control device to trigger the regulation of the pressure prevailing in the gas bag.

The Occupant restraint device according to the invention has that is, as an overarching one Property over a two-step way of working: In the so-called active phase, it practices at least an airbag even before the onset of force on the outside the support structure from a force on the inmates to be protected, to this to move in the direction of the vehicle center. With the beginning of the intrusion of Support structure in the direction of the passenger compartment (interior) takes place switching to the passive phase (absorption mode). A corresponding Switching signal is through the additional crash detection device provided (eg, an acceleration sensor designed to is to detect an intrusion of the support structure), which is the pressure regulator triggers, at the onset of collision, the pressure prevailing in the gas bag pressure to adapt to the accident. For example, in the passive phase, d. H. after moving the occupant, a discharge opening of at least open a gas bag Be sure to blow out gas from the at least one gas bag kinetic energy of immersing in the at least one gas bag To absorb inmates.

Preferably, the at least one gas bag is designed to press at least against a pelvic area and / or thorax area of the occupant in order to displace the occupant along a direction of movement pointing towards the interior. The pelvic area represents a particularly resistant (high biomechanical load capacity) body zone of the occupant and is therefore suitable for pushing the occupant in the direction of the vehicle center. By displacing the occupant prior to the onset of force or during the action of force on the outside of the support structure, additional absorption path is created, which may be in the range of 10 to 150 mm. This additional absorption path is available for the energy absorption of the retired occupant. The at least one airbag retracts the occupant to be retracted preferably in the direction of the interior of the motor vehicle in such a way that, in particular, it has a speed with respect to the undeformed motor vehicle of 1 to 8 m / s during displacement. Preferably, the onset of action of the occupant restraint device according to the invention, ie, the time sets Point of displacement of the occupant in the direction of the vehicle center, in a time range of 100 ms to 10 ms before the onset of the force on the outside of the support structure intrusion of the support structure.

Around a corresponding force for displacing the occupant into the occupant Initiate the gas generator is preferably set up and provided, a corresponding predeterminable amount of gas per unit time into the gas bag. The amount of this amount of gas per unit time can dependent on by means of at least one motor vehicle and / or occupant-related Parameters, by a arranged in or on the motor vehicle Sensor unit can be obtained by one with the gas generator and the sensor unit coupled evaluation are calculated. Such parameters may be, in particular, parameters act the position and / or the temporal change the position of the person to be protected Defining occupants or a vehicle involved in the collision. Furthermore, such parameters relate to properties of protected Inmates, such. For example, the sex, the age, the size of the occupant. The weight of the occupant as well as body specific Properties (muscle mass, bone density, etc.) To keep the gas bag in the passive retention phase to adapt to the severity of the accident, the pressure control device is preferred furnished and provided, in the at least one airbag after relocating prevailing pressure on a predeterminable To regulate value. This value can also be dependent of at least one of the aforementioned parameters generated by a sensor unit is obtained are calculated by means of a sensor unit.

In a variant of the invention, the pressure control device for Adjusting the pressure prevailing in the at least one airbag at least an openable (Closable) Outflow opening, the on a gas bag cover the airbag, the gas-filled interior of the airbag surrounds, is formed.

To the close the outflow opening is preferably a closure provided, the reversibly openable or closed formed can be.

In In an alternative variant of the invention, the closure can be irreversible be evident, for example, by applying the closure with a pyrotechnically generated gas.

In a further variant of the invention, the pressure control device alternatively or in addition for adjusting the pressure prevailing in the gas bag a reversibly openable Valve on that between the gas generator and the at least one Airbag is switched. The gas generator does not necessarily have to but can also be designed as a pyrotechnic gas generator be formed by a pressure accumulator. To regulate the in the gas bag prevailing pressure, the valve at about constant gas pressure during one open for a predeterminable period of time, so that gas released by the gas generator in the at least an airbag can be passed. The duration of the time span can again in dependence the already mentioned parameters are calculated by an evaluation unit become.

alternative or in addition the gas generator can be used to control the airbag to be introduced into the gas bag Gas quantity to be submitted, a pre-definable amount of gas during time in the gas bag during to initiate a predeterminable period of time.

A embodiment the invention provides that the at least one gas bag in a Lap belt of the vehicle seat of the motor vehicle is integrated, the one to be protected Inmate occupied. additionally for moving the occupant in the direction of the vehicle center, this is a section of the at least one airbag along the direction of movement arranged between the pelvic area of the occupant and the support structure, becomes the lap belt and possibly also a shoulder strap connected to the lap belt additionally inflated by inflating that airbag. Such a The lap belt gas bag does not necessarily have to be equipped with a controllable discharge opening but can only consist of a gas-tight chamber. In this case, further gas bags are preferably provided, the internal pressures (after the displacement of the occupant by the lap belt gas bag to the interior towards) to adapt to the severity of the accident by the pressure control device (or more such pressure control devices) are adjustable.

Preferably, a plurality of gas bags are provided, each of which is arranged and provided to be inflated with a gas to protect the occupant from the outside on the outside of the support structure force occurring between the support structure of the motor vehicle and the occupant with gas, the airbags at Inflate each exert such a force on the occupant that it is displaced away from the support structure to the interior of the motor vehicle. The gas bags can also be formed contiguous, ie, they each form an airbag chamber of a uniform airbag. If necessary, the chambers can be connected to one another (eg via valves), so that a gas redistribution between the gas bag chambers is possible when the occupant dips into the gas bag. Vorzugswei se are the gas bags or airbag chambers each associated with exactly one body zone of the occupant to be protected. In the event that only a gas bag is provided with a single chamber, this preferably extends as a side airbag along the vertical axis of the vehicle at least from the pelvis of the occupant to be protected to approximately at the level of the shoulder. In this case, the force exerted by the gas bag on the occupant force must be adjusted by regulating the pressure prevailing in the gas bag so that no excessive forces in the more sensitive body regions, such. B. the abdomen of the occupant initiated.

in the Trap of two gas bags or airbag chambers can this example, the shoulder and head area of the occupant assigned to the pelvic and the shoulder area of the occupant. Another gas bag (gas bag chamber) can be added to the pelvic area or the abdomen of the occupant.

In the case, that four gas bags (Gas bag chambers) are provided, these are preferably the pelvic area, the abdomen, the thoracic region or the shoulder area of the occupant assigned. At five airbags or gas bag chambers, the other fifth gas bag (airbag chamber) the Be assigned to the head area of the occupant.

In the case, that of the support structure facing arm of the protected Inmates attached to the occupant pushes the thorax area of the Occupant associated airbag (airbag chamber) or possibly also the The gas bag associated with the abdomen or pelvic area of the occupant (Airbag chamber) mainly against that arm of the occupant and passes over this the power to move the occupant to the designated areas of the body of the occupant.

Preferably derives at least one airbag or the multiple airbags (or Airbag chambers) for moving the vehicle occupant in the direction of the center of the vehicle puts a force in the head area of the occupant, which are in the range of 0 to 3.5 KN. In the shoulder or thorax area of the inmate are displaced by the one or the other associated airbags a force in height from 1 to 6 kN. Into the abdomen of the occupant is through the associated airbag for displacing the occupant a force in the amount of 0 up to 3 kN. In the pelvic area of the occupant becomes the Relocating the occupant initiated a force in the amount of 0 to 10 KN. The direction of the introduced forces is preferably relative to an installed state of the occupant restraint along the Vehicle transverse axis. Overall, the introduction of those forces takes place in such a way that the occupant, at least in the thoracic region, is one of the more sensitive Body regions counts, from the intruding support structure is shifted away.

The the aforementioned subdivision of the at least one gas bag into several the body zones of the Occupant associated airbag chambers or alternatively the provision several separate airbags In the present case, it serves primarily the purpose of each of the body zones to be able to act on a specific force, so that comparatively sensitive Regions, such as B. the abdomen or the thorax of the occupant, with less force are applied, as relatively more robust Regions, such as B. the pelvis of the occupant.

In a development of the invention is provided that a specific Adaptation of the force applied by the individual gas bags or chambers force application depending on the nature of the occupant, for both Working phases of the occupant restraint, d. H. as well as shifting the occupant towards the vehicle center as also for the subsequent passive phase during which the occupant to absorb the kinetic energy of the occupant dives into the respective airbag. For this purpose, an occupant sensor is detected by one or more sensor units, set up and provided for capturing occupant-related parameters are. These may be, for example, gender, age, the size, that Weight and possibly the physical condition of the occupant (Muscle mass, bone density, etc.). The application of force by the individual gas bags or chambers can then based on at least one such parameter be calculated by an evaluation unit. Alternatively or in addition to this can Such parameters before the start of the passenger restraint supplied be, for example, over a suitable interface. After a corresponding acquisition and evaluation of the parameters by an evaluation unit could still before the start of the journey suitable adjusting means an occupant-specific setting the identifier of the occupant restraint make. Preferably, the working pressure of the gas bags, d. H. the ruling in the airbags Pressure, over both retention phases kept constant at a certain level, the z. B. just below the specific biomechanical load limit of each twill zone the occupant lies. For this purpose, preferably a regular (cyclic) Detecting the pressure prevailing in the gas bag, so that the control device the pressure prevailing in the gas bag, preferably in real time, d. H., while a period of time covering the accident can regulate.

To set the by the respective Gas bag (gas bag chamber) introduced into a specific body zone of the occupant force, the gas generator is preferably adapted to release at any predeterminable times a respective predeterminable amount of gas per unit time in the respective airbag.

alternative or in addition For this purpose, the pressure control device is preferably configured and provided, in the respective gas bags prevailing pressures each predeterminable values to be regulated independently of each other, especially to minimize, so that when moving the occupant or when holding back of the inmate after relocating (passive phase) each in the Inmates initiated forces the aforementioned maximum forces do not exceed.

In A variant of the invention is an inner lining of the support structure (eg a door interior lining) provided so movably mounted on the support structure (door) is that they move along a direction of movement from an initial position towards the interior is movable into an end position, wherein the inner lining forms an abutment in the end position, at which the at least can support a gas bag for moving the occupant. The movable interior panel thus allows an advantageous reduction of a width of at least an airbag along the vehicle transverse axis. This is special Advantage, as a result, to fully inflate the at least one Airbag only a comparatively small amount of gas is needed, so that the at least one gas bag with constant gas generator power over a longer Period may be effective (longer Standing time). In addition, the at least one airbag is faster by this measure Completely inflatable.

Preferably the inner lining is reversible between the initial position and the end position movable back and forth, so that when anticipated, but not done force on the outside of the support structure To return the inner lining is possible in the initial position. In case of irreversible movable inner lining, this is preferred at the same time release of the at least one airbag from the initial position to the end position emotional.

In order to moving the inner lining into its operative position, d. H. in the final position, timely, is the interior lining preferably by a coupled with the pre-crash detection device Motion generating device driven, wherein the pre-crash detection device upon detection of an impending force on the outside the support structure, a movement of the inner lining of the initial position triggers into the end position.

In Another variant of the invention is additional Creation of absorption space a power transmission element on the vehicle seat provided, which is mounted on the vehicle seat so that it out a first position is movable to a second position, in the the power transmission element is pressed against the support structure such that the vehicle seat against the direction in which the power transmission element against the Support structure pushes, is shifted towards the interior of the motor vehicle. The power transmission element For example, may be formed as a rigid piston, the by a hydraulic or pneumatic, by the pre-crash detection device triggered can be moved from the first position to the second position becomes. Preferably, such a piston on a frame of a a seat for the occupant training seat base of the vehicle seat stored.

In an alternative variant of the invention is the power transmission element as a flexible chamber (high pressure chamber) formed from a first position expandable under volumetric growth into a second position is. It pushes the chamber in its second position against the support structure, that a displacement of the vehicle seat away from the support structure he follows.

In Another variant of the invention is the power transmission element as a housing of the at least one airbag which can be exhibited from the vehicle seat formed in which the at least one airbag before inflation, d. H. in its folded state, is arranged.

A release the movement (expansion) of the aforementioned power transmission elements takes place each preferably by the pre-crash detection device in recognition an impending force on the support structure.

• – Detektieren einer bevorstehenden, von einem Außenraum eines Kraftfahrzeuges her auf eine Außenseite einer Tragstruktur des Kraftfahrzeuges erfolgenden Krafteinwirkung mittels einer Pre-Crash-Detektionsvorrichtung,
• – Aktivieren eines Gasgenerators zum Aufblasen zumindest eines Gassackes für den Fall, dass die Pre-Crash-Detektionsvorrichtung eine bevorstehende Krafteinwirkung erkennt, wobei der mindestens eine Gassack zwischen der Tragstruktur und dem zu schützenden Insassen derart aufgeblasen wird, dass der Gassack den Insassen von der Tragstruktur weg zur Fahrzeugmitte hin verlagert,
• – Erfassen der auf die Tragstruktur tatsächlich erfolgenden Krafteinwirkung mittels einer Crash-Detektionsvorrichtung, und
• – Auslösen einer Druckregelvorrichtung zum Anpassen des in dem mindestens einen Gassack herrschenden Druckes an die Unfallschwere, wenn die Crash-Detektionsvorrichtung die Krafteinwirkung erfasst.

Furthermore, the problem according to the invention is solved by a method for restraining an occupant, which is suitable in particular for the use of an occupant restraint device according to the invention. The method comprises the steps:

• Detecting an impending, from an exterior of a motor vehicle ago on an outside of a support structure of the motor vehicle taking place force means of a pre-crash detection device,
• Activating a gas generator for inflating at least one airbag in the event that the pre-crash detection device detects an impending force, wherein the at least one airbag between the support structure and the occupant to be protected is inflated such that the airbag displaces the occupant away from the support structure toward the vehicle center,
• - Detecting the actually occurring on the support structure force by means of a crash detection device, and
• - triggering a pressure control device for adjusting the prevailing in the at least one airbag pressure to the severity of the accident when the crash detection device detects the force.

Prefers becomes in the at least one airbag due to inflation prevailing pressure in dependence at least one motor vehicle related and / or obtained by a sensor unit occupant-related parameter. With such parameters it can be one of the already mentioned parameters.

Preferably the at least one gas bag is inflated such that a force the at least one airbag when moving the occupant, d. H. in the active phase, and / or after relocating the occupant, d. H. in the passive phase, initiating the inmates, the aforementioned body zone-specific maximum forces does not exceed.

These maximum forces are preferably dependent at least one detectable by a sensor unit motor vehicle related and / or occupant-related parameters by cooperating with the sensor unit Evaluation unit determined.

To the Adjusting the prevailing in the at least one airbag pressure after shifting the occupant through that airbag is preferably a formed on that gas bag discharge opening as an element of Pressure control device open. The time of opening the outflow opening as well the duration, about the outlet opening possibly remains open, provided they reversibly openable is preferably dependent at least one motor vehicle-related and / or occupant-related parameter, which can be determined by means of a sensor unit, by an evaluation unit calculated.

In a variant of the invention, the opening of the outflow opening to Time of detecting the force on the outside the support structure by the crash detection device. By the possibly time-dependent opening of Outflow opening can the absorption of the kinetic energy of the occupant as a result of Accident process by discharging gas from the at least one Airbag controlled.

Around from the outset when relocating the occupant towards the vehicle center a variable, d. H. Predeterminable force in the respective body zone of the occupant, the at least one gas bag is preferred inflated with a pre-definable amount of gas per unit time. This variable amount of gas will depend on at least one obtained by a sensor unit motor vehicle related and / or occupant-related parameters calculated by an evaluation unit.

Around while or after relocating the inmate a consistent behavior maintain the airbag in terms of its absorption capabilities, is the prevailing in the at least one airbag pressure the pressure control unit at a predeterminable level constant preferably, each depending on at least one by a sensor unit obtained motor vehicle related and / or occupant related Parameter is calculated by an evaluation unit.

There the pre-crash detection device for detecting an imminent Force on the outside extrapolate data already measured to the support structure into the future In order to be able to make a decision on this or that Failure to resort to a force is additional Securing provided that the gas generator in principle also by the crash detection device is triggered if he does not already have a previous effect of force was triggered by the pre-crash detection device.

Especially in the method according to the invention, a plurality are preferred on gas bags (Airbag chambers) between the support structure and a to be protected Passengers inflated, with the gas bags when inflating with each body zone-specific adjustable forces press against the occupant, to move him to the center of the vehicle.

The illustrated features and advantages of the invention are based on the following description of the figures illustrates embodiments become. Show it:

1 a schematic, partially sectioned view of an occupant restraint device according to the invention, in which a gas bag between a vehicle occupant and a supporting structure of a motor vehicle is inflated to relocate the occupant before or during a force on the outside of the support structure towards the interior,

2 a schematic, partially geschnit view along the xz plane of the 1 .

2a a schematic representation of the interaction of the individual components of an occupant restraint device according to the invention,

3 a schematic, partially sectioned view of a modification of the in the 1 and 2 shown occupant restraint device, in contrast to 1 an airbag is provided with two separate airbag chambers,

4 a schematic, partially sectioned view along the xz-plane of 3 .

5 a schematic, partially sectioned view of a modification of the in the 3 and 4 shown occupant restraint device,

6 a schematic, partially sectioned view along the xz-plane of 5 .

7 a schematic, partially sectioned view of an occupant restraint in the 1 to 6 shown type, with an airbag having three separate airbag chambers,

8th a schematic, partially sectioned view of the in the 5 shown occupant restraint along the xz-plane of 7 .

9 a schematic, partially sectioned view of a modification of the in the 7 and 8th shown occupant restraint device,

10 a schematic, partially sectioned view of the in the 9 shown occupant restraint along the xz-plane of 9 .

11 a schematic, partially sectioned view of an occupant restraint in the 1 to 10 shown type, with an airbag having four separate airbag chambers,

12 a schematic, partially sectioned view of the in the 11 shown occupant restraint along the xz-plane of 11 .

13 a schematic, partially sectioned view of a modification of an occupant restraint in the 1 to 12 shown type, with an airbag having five separate airbag chambers,

14 a schematic, partially sectioned view of the in the 13 shown occupant restraint along the xz-plane of 13 .

15 a schematic, partially sectioned view of a modification of an occupant restraint in the 1 shown type, wherein the gas bag is integrated in a lap belt of a motor vehicle seat,

16 a schematic, partially sectioned view of the in the 15 shown occupant restraint along the xz-plane of 15 .

17 a schematic, partially sectioned plan view of an occupant restraint in the 1 to 16 shown, wherein additionally a movable inner lining of the support structure is provided, which can be issued in the direction of the occupant to be protected,

18 - 20 a schematic plan view of an occupant restraint in the 1 to 17 shown, wherein in addition to the motor vehicle seat an extendable force transmission element is mounted, which is extendable in the direction of the support structure to couple the vehicle seat to the support structure,

21 a schematic, partially sectioned view of an occupant restraint in the 18 to 20 shown type, with a provided on the vehicle seat power transmission element,

22 a schematic, partially sectioned view of the in the 21 shown occupant restraint along the xz-plane of 21 .

23 a further modification of an occupant restraint in the

18 to 22 shown type, in which the force transmission element is designed as an inflatable high-pressure chamber, and

24 a schematic, partially sectioned view of the in the 23 shown occupant restraint along the xz-plane of 23 ,

1 shows in connection with the 2 and 2a an occupant restraint 1 with a support structure T of a motor vehicle, which may in particular be a pillar of the motor vehicle and / or a side motor vehicle door, wherein the support structure T is an Au facing an outer space A of the motor vehicle S outside and an outer space A facing away from the inside S ', which faces a passenger P to be protected or the interior I of the motor vehicle.

In order to protect the occupant P from a force acting on the outside S of the support structure T from the exterior space A, an airbag L is provided on the support structure T, namely the inside S or on a vehicle seat F, occupying the occupant P to be protected , can be fixed. The gas bag L is inflatable to protect the occupant P along the vehicle transverse axis y between a body side of the occupant P facing the support structure T and the inside S 'of the support structure T, wherein the airbag L extends in a planar manner in front of the inside S' of the support structure T. In the inflated state, the gas bag L has an outer side facing the outer space A or the inner side S 'of the supporting structure T. 6 on, as well as an occupant P facing inside 8th , which forms an immersion surface for the occupant P, in which the occupant P in the event of a collision, ie, in the case of restraint immersed.

In order to gain additional absorption path, the airbag L is designed to occupy the occupant P occupying the vehicle seat F as intended along a direction of movement 10 , which runs in particular parallel to the vehicle transverse axis y, to the interior, ie to shift towards the vehicle center. This displacement of the occupant P is ideally carried out before a force on the outside S of the support structure T. To make this possible, a pre-crash detection device D is provided, which is set up and provided, forthcoming from the outside space A ago on the outside S recognize the effect of force. In the case of detecting an impending force, the pre-crash detection device D triggers the gas generator G to inflate the airbag L. In this case, the gas generator G is adapted to inflate the airbag L such that a force along the vehicle transverse axis y is exerted on the occupant P during displacement of the occupant P, which does not exceed a predeterminable maximum force. The value of this maximum force is preferably dependent on at least one occupant-related and / or motor vehicle-related parameter, which is determined by a sensor unit 15 can be detected by a coupled to the sensor unit evaluation 16 calculated. Such a parameter is, in particular, measured variables that provide information about the biomechanical load capacity of the occupant P to be protected, so that, if possible, a maximum force for the fastest possible displacement of the occupant into the occupant can be initiated without violating it. For displacing the occupant P along the vehicle transverse axis y (direction of movement 10 ), the gas bag is supported on the inside S 'of the support structure T.

By the aforementioned displacement of the occupant P to the interior I of the motor vehicle is already before the force caused by the intrusion intrusion the support structure T additional Absorption space between the occupant P and the support structure T created. To recognize the actual intrusion, d. H. the onset of Force on the outside S of the support structure T (for example by another vehicle) is a crash detection device D 'is provided, which for example can act around an acceleration sensor, which is a displacement the support structure in the direction of the occupant (intrusion) detect can. In this case, the crash detection device D 'acts on the one hand with the Gas generator G together to trigger this can, if the pre-crash detection device D the impending force on the outside S of the support structure T does not recognize in time and on the other hand with a pressure control device R, after a trigger by the crash detection device D 'prevailing in the gas bag pressure the specific accident situation (accident severity) adapts. For this can the pressure regulator over have a provided on the gas bag L discharge opening O, the for discharging gas from the gas bag L is openable. This is a controlled absorption of the kinetic energy of the vehicle occupant P through the gas bag L possible, there at open Outflow opening O dependent on the kinetic energy of the diving vehicle occupant P a variable Quantity of gas from the gas bag L can be drained.

The outflow opening O can be opened either directly by the crash detection device D 'when detecting or detecting a concrete force on the outside S of the support structure T or delayed. Furthermore, it is possible for a reversibly openable discharge opening O to keep it open over a certain period of time. In such a case, both the time of opening the outflow opening and the later time of resealing the outflow opening O by the evaluation unit 16 as a function of at least one motor vehicle-related and / or occupant-related parameter generated by the sensor unit 15 can be calculated. These parameters can be the already mentioned parameters. In the event that a single airbag L between the support structure T and the occupant P is inflated in the event of a collision to protect the occupant P, this preferably extends along the vertical vehicle axis z from the pelvic area 20 a occupant P occupying the vehicle seat F as intended, up to the inside S 'of the latter Support structure T facing shoulder area 23 , The maximum force with which the airbag L acts on the occupant P to this along the direction of movement 10 to relocate to the interior I, is adapted to the most sensitive body zone of the vehicle occupant P, which contacts the airbag L during displacement of the occupant P.

In the event that instead of a single airbag L more gas bags are provided which form either separate airbag chambers of a uniform airbag L 'or individual separate airbags, each of the airbags or airbag chambers of a specific body zone of the inner sides S' facing body side of the occupant P assigned. Each of the several gas bags is in connection with the 1 to 2a described manner triggered or controlled. It is possible to control the individual separate gas bags 30 . 31 . 32 . 33 . 34 or gas bag chambers 30 . 31 . 32 . 33 . 34 by means of a central uniform pressure control device R or with a corresponding plurality of such pressure control devices R, each of a gas bag chamber 30 . 31 . 32 . 33 . 34 or a gas bag 30 . 31 . 32 . 33 . 34 assigned. Each of the gas bags 30 . 31 . 32 . 33 . 34 , or airbag chambers 30 . 31 . 32 . 33 . 34 It has an outlet opening O, over which the individual airbag chambers 30 - 34 or gas bags 30 - 34 each can be vented. Such an outflow opening O can be controlled by a uniform central pressure control device R or each of the outflow openings O by a respectively associated pressure control R. Alternatively to an apparent or controllable discharge opening of a gas bag, the already mentioned alternative pressure control mechanisms can be used.

A modification of the in the 1 to 2a shown occupant restraint device with a plurality of airbag chambers is in the 3 and 4 shown. Unlike the 1 and 2 are two separate airbag chambers 33 . 34 provided, which form a coherent airbag L '. The airbag L 'has a gas bag chamber along the vertical vehicle axis z 34 put on a head protection chamber to protect the head area 24 of the occupant P, and for this purpose along the vertical vehicle axis z approximately at the height of the head 24 of the occupant P is arranged. At this upper airbag chamber 34 closes against the vertical vehicle axis z a lower airbag chamber 33 to protect a shoulder or thorax area 23 . 22 of the occupant P is formed (thorax / shoulder protection chamber) and therefore along the vertical vehicle axis z is arranged approximately at the height of the shoulder or thorax region of the inside of the side facing S side of the occupant P. In this case, the occupant P is in a state occupying the vehicle seat F, ie the thighs of the vehicle occupant P rest on a seat bottom forming a seat bottom 3 of the vehicle seat F and the back is flat to one of the seat bottom 3 outgoing backrest 4 of the vehicle seat F ajar. The two airbag chamber 33 . 34 each have an outside 6d . 6e on, over which they can be supported on the inside S 'of the support structure, as well as the occupant P facing inner sides 7d . 7e which is a diving surface for the thorax / shoulder area 22 . 23 or the header area 24 form.

5 shows in connection with 6 a modification of the in the 3 and 4 shown occupant restraint device 1 , in place of a head protection chamber 34 to protect the head area 24 the occupant P a lower airbag chamber 30 to protect a pelvic area 20 of the occupant P is provided (pelvic protection chamber), along the vertical vehicle axis z below an upper airbag chamber 33 is arranged, the protection of the shoulder or thorax region 23 . 22 serves (thorax / shoulder protection chamber). The pelvic protection chamber 30 has an outside of the inside S 'of the support structure T facing the outside 6a on, via which the pelvic protection chamber can be supported on that inner side S '(for displacing the occupant P), as well as an inner side facing away from the inner side S' of the support structure T 7a which is an immersion area for the pelvis 20 of the occupant P.

In the in the 7 and 8th shown occupant restraint device 1 is unlike in the 5 and 6 shown occupant restraint device 1 another airbag chamber 34 to protect the head area 24 the occupant P provided (head protection chamber), along the vertical axis z of the vehicle over the two airbag chambers 33 respectively. 30 is arranged to protect the shoulder / thorax or pelvic area. In this case, the head protection chamber on the inside of the S 'support structure T facing the outside 6e on top of which is the head protection chamber 34 for displacing the occupant P to the vehicle center on the inside S of the support structure T can be supported, and an inside 7e which is an immersion surface for the head 24 of the occupant P.

The 9 shows in connection with 10 a modification of the in the 7 and 8th shown occupant restraint device 1 in which no head protection chamber 34 is provided, but between the thorax protection and shoulder protection chamber 33 and the pelvic protection chamber 30 an abdominal protection chamber 31 is arranged along the vertical axis of the vehicle z approximately at the level of the abdomen 21 of the protected, bestim according to the vehicle seat F occupied occupant P is located. The abdominal protection chamber 31 also has an outside of the inside S 'of the support structure T facing 6b on, over which the abdomen protection chamber 31 for displacing the occupant P to the interior I towards the support structure T can be supported. Furthermore, the abdominal protection chamber 31 an inside facing the occupant P 7b on, which is an immersion surface for the abdomen 21 of the occupant P.

In the in the 11 and 12 shown occupant restraint device is in contrast to that in the 9 and 10 shown occupant restraint device 1 for the protection of the shoulder area 23 and the thorax area 22 each a separate shoulder protection or thorax protection chamber 33 . 32 provided so that a total of four airbag chambers 30 . 31 . 32 . 34 along the vertical vehicle axis z are arranged one above the other. Both the thorax protection chamber 32 as well as the shoulder protection chamber 33 each have one of the inside S 'of the support structure T facing the outside 6c . 6d on top of which is the thorax protection chamber 32 or the shoulder protection chamber 33 for displacing the occupant P to the interior I towards the support structure T can be supported. Furthermore, both have airbag chambers 32 . 33 one inside the passenger P facing inside 7c . 7d on, each one a diving surface for the thorax 22 or the shoulder 23 of the occupant P.

13 finally shows in connection with 14 another modification of the in the 11 respectively. 12 shown occupant restraint device 1 , in addition to the existing there four airbag chambers 30 . 31 . 32 . 33 . 34 a top head protection chamber 34 is provided, so that along the vertical axis of the vehicle z five airbag chambers 30 - 34 to protect the occupant P between the support structure T and the occupant P are inflatable in the event of a collision.

15 shows in connection with 16 a modification of the in the 1 to 14 shown occupant restraint device 1 in which the gas bag L to be inflated between the occupant P and the support structure T is inserted into a lap belt 9 is integrated, starting from a settled in the bottom region of the motor vehicle seat belt anchor to one in the area of the pelvis 20 the occupant P arranged Gurtumlenkelement extends and from there in the form of a shoulder belt 8th diagonally across the upper body 21 . 22 of the intended occupant P runs to the support structure T. Later on, the shoulder strap 8th be deflected by a Schulterumlenkelement in the direction of the vehicle floor to a belt retractor arranged there. The gas bag L is in particular so in the lap belt 9 integrated, in particular, that it has a portion along the vehicle transverse axis y between the support structure T and the pelvic area 20 of the vehicle seat F occupying the occupying vehicle occupant P is inflatable. This allows the occupant P by the in the lap belt 9 integrated gas bag L, along the vehicle transverse axis y, ie along the direction of movement 10 be moved to the interior I out. In this case, the support structure forms T, namely the inside S 'an abutment for the airbag L. The in the lap belt 9 integrated gas bag L can according to the aforementioned gas bags 30 - 34 or gas bag chambers 30 - 34 a discharge opening O of a pressure control device R, which is for the controlled discharge of gas from the gas bag L can be opened. Alternatively, it is conceivable that in the lap belt 9 to provide integrated gas bag L without pressure control mechanism R or with other, separate gas bags or airbag chambers 30 - 34 a uniform further airbag L 'to combine, according to the embodiments of the 1 to 14 can be trained. The special advantage of being in the lap belt 9 integrated airbag L is that in addition to the displacement of the occupant P along the direction of movement 10 a tightening of the belt 8th . 9 causes the coupling of the occupant P to the vehicle seat F improves.

The in the 17 shown occupant restraint 1 In addition to those in the 1 to 16 illustrated modifications an interior trim 40 the support structure T, with an interior S 'facing the interior I or the occupant P. The interior lining 40 forms an abutment for the airbag L ', which is for displacing the occupant P along the vehicle transverse axis y (direction of movement 10 ) on the inside S of the inner lining 40 the supporting structure 10 supported. In order to assist the airbag L 'in the displacement of the occupant P, the inner lining 40 from a near the support structure T located initial position in a second, to the interior I issued end position displaced. This has the advantage that the gas bag L 'during inflation much faster on the support structure T and the inner lining 40 can support, so that the displacement of the occupant P can be accelerated towards the vehicle center. Preferably, the interior trim 40 triggered by the pre-crash detection device D, so that a method of interior trim 40 towards the occupant P already before the actual action of collision-induced forces on the outside S of the support structure T can take place. The interior clothing 40 is preferably via damping elements 70 coupled with the support structure T, so that in the interior trim 40 when moving the occupant P introduced forces are limited soft. Preferably, the inner lining 40 reversibly deployable. For this, the inner lining 40 For example, be moved by an electric motor. In the event that the inner lining is irreversibly exposed, it is preferably triggered by the crash detection device D ', and at the same time to trigger the airbag L'.

18 shows in connection with the 19 and 20 a modification of the in the 1 to 17 shown occupant restraint device 1 , in addition to a vehicle seat movably mounted power transmission element 80 is provided in the form of a gas bag L 'receiving rigid housing, which protects the occupant P from one from the outside space A ago on the outside 5a the supporting structure 5 resulting force from a first position in which the housing 80 is preferably disposed within the vehicle seat F, is movable to a second position in which the housing 80 preferably mechanically coupled to the support structure T by pressing against the inner side S 'of the support structure T along the vehicle transverse axis y. As a result, an intrusion of the support structure T is counteracted when a collision object with a movement component along the vehicle transverse axis y impinges on the outside S of the support structure T from the outside space A. The housing is preferred 80 pressed during displacement in the second position against the inner side S 'of the support structure T that a force in the motor vehicle seat F is introduced, which shifts it along the vehicle transverse axis y to the interior I out. As a result, the effective absorption path is extended to protect the occupant P.

21 shows in connection with the 22 a modification of the in the 18 to 20 illustrated power transmission element 80 , on the basis of in the 13 and 14 shown occupant restraint device 1 , Here is the power transmission element 80 not as an exposable housing of the airbag L 'is formed, but as a pneumatically or hydraulically movable along the vehicle transverse axis piston which is movable from a first position to a second position in which the piston presses against the support structure such that the vehicle seat F of the support structure T is shifted away to the interior I back. A triggering of the movement of the piston takes place in a reversible operation of the piston preferably by the pre-crash detection device D and in an irreversible drive of the piston (for example, pyrotechnic) by the crash detection device D '.

Instead of a piston can according to the 23 and 24 an inflatable chamber (high-pressure chamber) may also be used which can be transferred from a relaxed state (corresponding to the first position of the piston) into an expanded state (corresponding to the second position of the piston) by introducing a pressure medium (eg gas), in which presses that chamber against the inner side S 'of the support structure T that the vehicle seat F along the vehicle transverse axis y is displaced towards the interior I back. The chamber can be filled pyrotechnic, in this case, the expansion of the chamber is preferably triggered by the crash detection device upon actual detection of the force on the outside of the support structure, or reversibly via a pressure accumulator, wherein triggering the expansion of the bellows (such as by opening a valve connected between the bellows and the pressure accumulator) is performed by means of the pre-crash detection device when it detects an impending force on the outside of the support structure.

Claims (36)

Occupant restraint for a Motor vehicle, with: - one Carrying structure (T) of a motor vehicle, which is an exterior space (A) of the motor vehicle facing the outside (S), - at least an airbag (L) adapted to protect an occupant (P) before an impending, from the outside (A) ago on the outside (S) of the support structure (T) taking place force between the Support structure (T) of the motor vehicle and a vehicle seat (F) as intended Inmates (P) to be inflated with gas, the gas bag (L) when inflating so interacts with the occupant (P) that this from the support structure (T) away to an interior (I) of the motor vehicle is relocated towards - one Gas generator (G) for releasing the inflation of the airbag (L) needed gas, - one with the gas generator (G) cooperating pre-crash detection device (D) for detecting an impending force on the outside (S) of the support structure (T), wherein the pre-crash detection device (D) formed thereto is, when detecting an impending force the gas generator (G) to inflate the airbag (L), - A pressure control device (R) to change the in the gas bag (L) prevailing pressure, and - one with the pressure regulator (R) cooperative crash detection device (D ') to capture a force on the outside (S) of the support structure (T), wherein the crash detection device (D ') is adapted to detect the action of force that pressure control device (R) for changing the in the gas bag (L) triggering pressure. Occupant restraint device according to claim 1, characterized in that the at least one airbag (L) is designed to displace the occupant (P) along a direction of movement towards the interior (I) ( 10 ) against a pelvic area ( 20 ) and / or thoracic region ( 22 ) of the occupant (P). Occupant restraint according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the pressure regulating device (R) is adapted to the in the at least one airbag (L) to regulate prevailing pressure to a predeterminable value. Occupant restraint device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the pressure control device (R) comprises an outflow opening (O) of the at least one airbag (L), which for changing the in the at least one airbag (L, L ', 30 . 31 . 32 . 33 . 34 ) prevailing pressure is openable. Occupant restraint according to claim 4, characterized by a closure for closing the Outflow opening (O). Occupant restraint according to claim 5, characterized in that the closure can be opened reversibly is. Occupant restraint according to claim 5 or 6, characterized in that the pressure regulating device (R) is adapted to the closure by applying to open a pressure. Occupant restraint device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the pressure control device (R) for adjusting the in the at least one airbag (L, L ', 30 . 31 . 32 . 33 . 34 ) a reversibly openable valve (V) comprises, via the gas generator (G) released gas for inflating the at least one airbag (L, L ', 30 . 31 . 32 . 33 . 34 ) in that airbag (L, L ', 30 . 31 . 32 . 33 . 34 ) can be directed. Occupant restraint device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the gas generator (G) is designed for inflating the at least one airbag (L, L ', 30 . 31 . 32 . 33 . 34 ) to provide a predeterminable amount of gas per unit time. Occupant restraint device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the at least one airbag (L) in a lap belt ( 9 ) of the vehicle seat (F) of the motor vehicle is integrated. Occupant restraint device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized by a plurality of gas bags (L, L ', 30 . 31 . 32 . 33 . 34 ), which are designed to protect the occupant (P) from an external space (A) on the outside (S) of the support structure (T) occurring force between the support structure (T) of the motor vehicle and a vehicle seat (F) to be inflated with gas in accordance with the intended purpose (P), the airbags (L, L ', 30 . 31 . 32 . 33 . 34 ) interact with the occupant (P) during inflation such that it is displaced away from the support structure (T) toward the interior (I) of the motor vehicle. Occupant restraint device according to claim 11, characterized in that the gas bags ( 30 . 31 . 32 . 33 . 34 ) Form airbag chambers of a coherent airbag (L '). Occupant restraint device according to claim 11 or 12, characterized in that the gas bags (L, 30 . 31 . 32 . 33 . 34 ) different body zones ( 20 . 21 . 22 . 23 . 24 ) of the vehicle seat (F) intended occupying occupant (P) are assigned. Occupant restraint device according to one of claims 11 to 13, characterized in that the gas bags (L, 30 . 31 . 32 . 33 . 34 ) are each assigned to one of the following body zones of a vehicle seat (F) intended occupant occupant (P): - a head ( 24 ), - one shoulder ( 23 ), - a thorax ( 22 ), - an abdomen ( 21 ), and - a basin ( 20 ). Occupant restraint device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the gas generator (G) is adapted to a respectively predeterminable time a respective predeterminable amounts of gas per unit time in the respective airbag (L, L ', 30 . 31 . 32 . 33 . 34 ) release. Occupant restraint device according to one of claims 11 to 15, characterized in that the pressure control device (R) is adapted to the in the respective gas bags (L, 30 . 31 . 32 . 33 . 34 ) to regulate prevailing pressures to each predeterminable values, so that when displacing the occupant (P) in each case forces are introduced into the occupant (P), each of which does not exceed a pre-definable maximum force. Occupant restraint device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized by an inner lining ( 40 ) of the support structure (T) formed thereto along a path direction ( 10 ) to be moved from an initial position to the interior (I) towards an end position, wherein the interior trim ( 40 ) forms an abutment in the end position, at which the at least one gas bag (L, L ', 30 . 31 . 32 . 33 . 34 ) for relocating the occupant (P) can support. Occupant restraint device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the inner lining ( 40 ) for absorbing by the occupant (P) over the at least one airbag (L, L ', 30 . 31 . 32 . 33 . 34 ) in the interior trim ( 40 ) introduced forces via damping elements ( 70 ) is coupled to the support structure (T). Occupant restraint device according to claim 17 or 18, characterized in that the inner lining ( 40 ) is reversibly movable back and forth between the initial position and the end position. Occupant restraint device according to claim 18 or 19, characterized in that the inner lining ( 40 ) at the same time as the triggering of the at least one airbag (L, L ', 30 . 31 . 32 . 33 . 34 ) is irreversibly movable from the initial position to the end position. Occupant restraint device according to one of claims 17 to 20, characterized in that the inner lining ( 40 ) cooperates with the pre-crash detection device (D), which detects the movement of the inner lining upon detection of an impending force ( 40 ) triggers. Occupant restraint device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized by a force transmission element provided on the vehicle seat (F) ( 80 ) which is adapted to be moved from a first position to a second position, wherein the force transmission element ( 80 ) is pressed against the support structure (T) when moving from the first to the second position such that the vehicle seat (F) is displaced toward the interior space (I). Occupant restraint device according to claim 22, characterized in that the force transmission element ( 80 ) is formed as a flexible chamber which expands by filling with a fluid from the first position to the second position. Occupant restraint device according to claim 22, characterized in that the force transmission element ( 80 ) as a housing of the at least one airbag (L, L ', 30 . 31 . 32 . 33 . 34 ) is trained. Occupant restraint device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the pre-crash detection device (D) is adapted to the movement of the force transmission element ( 80 ). A method for restraining an occupant with an occupant restraint device according to one of the preceding claims, comprising the steps of: detecting an impending force occurring from an outer space (A) of a motor vehicle on an outer side (S) of a support structure (T) of the motor vehicle by means of a pre- Crash detection device (D), triggering a gas generator (G) for inflating at least one airbag (L, L ', 30 . 31 . 32 . 33 . 34 ), when the pre-crash detection device (D) detects an impending force, wherein the at least one airbag (L, L ', 30 . 31 . 32 . 33 . 34 ) between the support structure (T) of the motor vehicle and a vehicle seat (F) intended occupying, to be protected inmates (P) is inflated such that the gas bag (L, L ', 30 . 31 . 32 . 33 . 34 ) moves the occupant (P) away from the support structure (T) towards an interior (I) of the motor vehicle, - detects the force acting on the support structure (T) by means of a crash detection device (D '), and - triggers a pressure control device (R) for changing the in the at least one airbag (L, L ', 30 . 31 . 32 . 33 . 34 ) when the crash detection device (D ') detects a force. A method according to claim 26, characterized in that in the at least one airbag (L, L ', 30 . 31 . 32 . 33 . 34 ) prevailing pressure is changed as a function of at least one motor vehicle-related and / or occupant-related parameter. Method according to claim 26 or 27, characterized in that the at least one airbag (L, L ', 30 . 31 . 32 . 33 . 34 ) is inflated such that a force, the at least one airbag (L, L ', 30 . 31 . 32 . 33 . 34 ) initiates during displacement and / or after the displacement of the occupant (P) in the occupant (P), does not exceed a predeterminable maximum force. A method according to claim 28, characterized in that the maximum force as a function of at least one by a sensor unit ( 15 ) derived motor vehicle related and / or occupant-related parameters by a with the sensor unit ( 15 ) cooperating evaluation unit ( 16 ) is calculated. Method according to claims 28 or 29, characterized in that the maximum force as a function of a body zone ( 20 . 21 . 22 . 23 . 24 ) of the occupant (P) to be protected, of which the at least one airbag (L, 30 . 31 . 32 . 33 . 34 ) assigned. Method according to one of claims 26 to 30, characterized in that for changing the in the at least one airbag (L, L ', 30 . 31 . 32 . 33 . 34 ) prevailing pressure an outflow opening (O) of the at least one airbag (L, L ', 30 . 31 . 32 . 33 . 34 ) is opened. Method according to claim 31, characterized in that that the discharge opening (O) after relocating the occupant (P) is opened. Method according to one of claims 26 to 32, characterized in that the at least one airbag (L, L ', 30 . 31 . 32 . 33 . 34 ) is inflated with a predeterminable amount of gas per unit of time, which is calculated as a function of at least one motor vehicle-related and / or occupant-related parameter. Method according to one of claims 26 to 33, characterized in that in the at least one airbag (L, L ', 30 . 31 . 32 33 . 34 ) prevailing pressure during and / or after the displacement of the occupant (P) is kept constant at a predeterminable value. Method according to one of Claims 26 to 34, characterized that the gas generator (G) through the crash detection device (D ') is triggered, when the pre-crash detection device (D) an imminent Force does not recognize. Method according to one of claims 26 to 35, characterized in that a plurality of gas bags (L, 30 . 31 . 32 . 33 . 34 ) between the support structure (T) of the motor vehicle and the one vehicle seat (F) intended occupancy, to be protected occupant (P) are inflated, the airbags (L, 30 . 31 . 32 . 33 . 34 ) interact with the occupant (P) during inflation such that it is displaced away from the support structure (T) to an interior (I) of the motor vehicle.