DE102007005228A1 - Internal combustion engine has piston, housing, piston rod and crankshaft, where compression element has spark plugs and valves, and housing and piston have rectangular cross section and conjugated surfaces are coplanar - Google Patents

Abstract

The internal combustion engine has a piston, a housing, a piston rod and a crankshaft. A compression element has spark plugs and valves. The housing and the piston have a rectangular cross section and the conjugated surfaces are coplanar. A length ratio of the sides in cross section of the housing and the piston is equal to one or more. Two combustion chambers are arranged in the housing at the opposite ends, where spark plugs and valves are located. The crankshaft is located in the middle part of a housing bearing.

Description

The Invention can be applied both to internal combustion engines as also found in other reciprocating engines.

Known are internal combustion engines with pistons, which have a circular cross-section have. The linear movement of the piston is controlled by the crank mechanism transformed into a rotational movement of the shaft. During the work of such mechanisms a wear of the inner surface of the Cylinder. The biggest wear occurs doing so in the plane of movement of the connecting rod, which is a pendulum Rotary movement takes place around the transverse axis of the cylinder. In the result the transformation of the circular cross section of the inner surface of the Cylinder in an ellipse-shaped cross-section. this leads to to reduce engine power, the efficiency of the engine drops and its life is reduced. To a greater extent decreases the wear, if you use the scheme of a boxer engine.

In the two-stroke boxer engine DE 196 02 703 and in the four-stroke engine DE 196 17 207 A1 the pistons are connected by rods and sliders. They perform oscillations in coaxial cylinders that are attached to a common crankcase from opposite sides. In the engine after the patent DE 940 036 712 a complicated double crank mechanism is used. The shortcoming of all these approaches is the large number of parts that are complicated to manufacture and maintain.

In the internal combustion engine with two boxer cylinders RU 2182240 , which are connected to connecting rods and a slider, the pistons make oscillations in both coaxial cylinders. A deficiency of this motor is the presence of a slider which moves along additional slide rails.

It is also an engine with two cylinder heads and a piston US Pat. No. 5402755 known, which is housed in two coaxial cylinders, which are fixed to a common crankcase. The pendulum movement of the piston is converted into the rotational movement of the shaft by an eccentric disc.

The above-mentioned engines have pistons with a circular cross-section and can reach high speeds with low torque. To the To increase torque you have to extend the crank of the crankshaft. But the length of the Crank is determined by the diameter of the piston, which determines the swing angle the crank rod limited to the vertical axis determined. The increase of the diameter of the piston leads to increase the material consumption and to larger motor dimensions. this You can only contradict this by changing the cross-sectional shapes reach the cylinder and the piston.

The The aim of the invention is an internal combustion engine with a high torque, a low specific weight per unit of power and one huge Lifespan. He should be simple in construction and inexpensive in the manufacture, as well as easy to repair. This will be done achieves that a cylinder and a piston are used in the engine, which have a rectangular shape in their cross section. there a single-cylinder engine can be produced according to the usual scheme like an internal combustion engine with a circular cylinder and piston cross section.

When For example, let's consider an internal combustion engine that follows the scheme a boxer engine is built to compare this with the prototype. The engine with forced ignition of the combustion mixture has a piston with two cylinder heads. Of the Piston moves in a cylinder with two combustion chambers. The mechanism of the transformation of the pendulum motion is within of the piston.

Of the Construction of the engine is shown in the following figures:

1 - View of the engine on its broad side

2 - View of the engine in the sectional plane of the line AA 1

3 - Type of fastening of the sealing elements

4 - Explanation of the engine power ...

1

cylinder

2

spark plug

3

Valve

4

camp the crankshaft

5

piston

6

inlet port

7

outlet

8th

piston pin

9

groove

10

sealing elements

11

crankshaft

12

crank web

13

shaft journal

14

piston rod

The engine has the following main elements, shown on 1 . 2 . 3 :
The hollow body 1 in the form of a rectangular parallelepiped includes in its end faces two combustion chambers in which the spark plugs 2 and valves 3 are housed.

On wide facets in the central part of a hollow body there are bearings of a cranked shaft 4 , The ratio of the side lengths of the end surfaces to each other is from 1 to 1 to 1 to 5 and more. The length of the hollow body is determined by the design of the motor.

The cavitated piston 5 with two working heads on the end faces has a rectangular cross section, which corresponds to the shape of the hollow body. In the middle part of the piston are located on the wide facets large outlet openings 6 and on the narrow facets the small inlet openings 7 , On one side of the middle part is the piston pin 8th accommodated. The grooves are closer to the working heads 9 in which sprung compression elements 10 are housed.

The crankshaft 11 includes crank webs 12 , a shaft journal 13 and a piston rod 14 ,

Of the proposed four-stroke engine with a forced ignition, which uses a hollow body a cylinder and a piston with a rectangular cross section, the cross section of the hollow body Repeatedly owns can have certain advantages over a traditional engine exhibit.

So you can in the extended Hollow head two and more intake and exhaust valves and multiple spark plugs accommodate. This would to increase the effectiveness the suction of the combustion mixture and the removal of the combustion products. With some spark plugs you can have a uniform ignition of the Achieve fuel mixture throughout the combustion chamber.

The flat parallel facets of the hollow body allow compact blocks of the Construct motor. Furthermore allows such an external shape, to use the motor as a supporting element of the construction.

The Presence of only two openings to Storage of bearings of the crankshaft simplifies the construction. The engine is well protected against pollution.

a Such a motor can be achieved by machining plane-parallel Plates. You can possibly do that avoid the need for casting. This simplifies and cheapens the engine production. The repair could be due to the replacement of the Plates placed in the working plane of the piston rods and inferior to the largest abrasion are to be reduced.

Of the Flat piston allows in the engine a crank gear both with a small as well as with a big one Apply leverage. This creates the opportunity to use an engine a big one Torque and develop at a low speed or vice versa.

The proposed construction of the piston allows in its interior, to accommodate the piston rod and crank webs of the crankshaft and the inlet and outlet ports in its middle part allow easy assembly of these parts. This creates the possibility the dimensions and to reduce the weight of the engine and thereby a compact to create a flat engine.

There the pressure force of the connecting rod is on two heads of a piston and on two Distribute distant cylinder sections, the piston experiences only very small Page loads. And there the work of the piston with the compression process in the opposite combustion chamber, grows the uniformity the work of the engine and he will be well balanced. In the result the work of the engine is accompanied by very little vibration become.

There a part of the crank gear is inside the piston, a second connecting rod is missing and the tendency to wear the moving Parts is small, can the mechanical sounds significantly reduce the engine.

The density in the combustion chambers is ensured by spring-loaded sealing elements, which are arranged on all edges of the piston, similar to the piston rings in engines with cylindrical pistons. Unlike the latter, wear of these seal elements does not lose compression in the engine. The sealing elements must be made of heat-resistant steel plates. They are placed in shallow channels and cushioned. In the four-sided housing, they press against its inner surface and thus ensure the tightness of the combustion chamber. In 3 the connection type of the compression elements is displayed on two facets of the piston. The shape of the connection of the adjacent plates is such that the abrasion of outer edges does not cause the compound to lose its sealing properties.

In the 4 it is illustrated that the engine 2 with a rectangular shape of the cross section of the Piston and the piston housing in comparison with the engine 1 having a circular cross section of the piston and the cylinder, has a higher power. This results from the fact that with equal cross-sectional area the volume of the combustion chamber in the engine 2 over 60% larger than the combustion chamber in the engine 1 ,

The heat transfer the running engine to the outside, which passes through the combustion chamber walls is approximately proportional to its outer surface. this leads to to simplify the cooling system cooling system of the motor.

One Another advantage of the proposed construction of the engine with a four-sided combustion chamber is that in the presence from appropriate intake and outlet in the piston and in the housing the engine with both spark plugs as a two-stroke engine as well as without spark plugs as a diesel engine can work. Furthermore It can be used as a steam engine and as a pneumatic engine as well from working as a compressor or as a vacuum pump

Claims (8)

The internal combustion engine with a piston and its housing, a piston rod, a crankshaft, with compression elements, with spark plugs and valves characterized in that the housing and the piston have a rectangular cross-section and their conjugate surfaces are plane-parallel. The internal combustion engine according to item 1 characterized that the aspect ratio of Sides in the cross section of the housing and the piston equal to 1 or greater can. The internal combustion engine according to item 1 characterized that in his case two combustion chambers attached to its opposite ends are where spark plugs are and valves are housed. The internal combustion engine according to item 1 and 2 thereby characterized in that in the middle part of the housing bearing the crankshaft are housed. The internal combustion engine according to item 1 and 2 thereby in that the piston has two working heads and sprung compression elements owns all working edges. The combustion engine according to item 1 and 5 thereby characterized in that in the middle part of the piston inlet and outlet openings available. The combustion engine according to item 1 and 5 thereby characterized in that crank webs and the connecting rod inside of the piston are housed. The internal combustion engine according to items 1, 3 and 7 thereby characterized in that when accommodating corresponding inlet and outlet openings in the piston housing he can work as a two-stroke engine