DE102007001724A1 - Making formed particles used to manufacture silicate-, refractory, structural or functional ceramics, jet-atomizes dense ceramic slip into lower-viscosity slip - Google Patents
Making formed particles used to manufacture silicate-, refractory, structural or functional ceramics, jet-atomizes dense ceramic slip into lower-viscosity slip Download PDFInfo
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- C04B35/63—Preparing or treating the powders individually or as batches ; preparing or treating macroscopic reinforcing agents for ceramic products, e.g. fibres; mechanical aspects section B using additives specially adapted for forming the products, e.g.. binder binders
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- C04B35/626—Preparing or treating the powders individually or as batches ; preparing or treating macroscopic reinforcing agents for ceramic products, e.g. fibres; mechanical aspects section B
- C04B35/63—Preparing or treating the powders individually or as batches ; preparing or treating macroscopic reinforcing agents for ceramic products, e.g. fibres; mechanical aspects section B using additives specially adapted for forming the products, e.g.. binder binders
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- C04B2235/32—Metal oxides, mixed metal oxides, or oxide-forming salts thereof, e.g. carbonates, nitrates, (oxy)hydroxides, chlorides
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Abstract
Description
Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zur Herstellung von handhabungsfesten Formkörpern bzw. Granulaten, die über ein nachträgliches Urformgebungsverfahren mit anschließendem keramischen Brand zu Erzeugnissen für die Silikatkeramik, wie z. B. Steinzeug oder Steingut oder für die Feuerfestkeramik, z. B. Tauchausgüsse, Schieberplatten oder für die Strukturkeramik, z. B. Zirkondioxidschneidwerkzeuge oder für die Funktionskeramik, wie z. B. Piezokeramiken überführt werden. Als gängige nachträgliche Verfahren dienen Gieß-, Press- und/oder Extrudierverfahren.The The invention relates to a process for the production of handling-resistant Moldings or granules which have a subsequent Forming process with subsequent ceramic firing to products for silicate ceramics such. B. stoneware or stoneware or for the refractory ceramics, z. B. immersion spouts, Slide plates or for the structural ceramic, z. B. zirconia cutting tools or for the functional ceramics, such. B. piezoceramics transferred become. As usual subsequent processes serve casting, Pressing and / or extrusion process.
Der konventionelle industriell etablierte Weg zur Herstellung von keramischen Granulaten oder ähnlichen Formkörpern, z. B. für die keramische Pressformgebung, basiert auf die Granulierung anhand von Sprühtürmen, die bei Temperaturen oberhalb 400°C keramische Schlicker versprühen und zu Granulaten überführen. Solche Formkörper sind häufig sehr hart, hohl, besitzen eine unregelmäßige inhomogene Struktur, benötigen einen hohen Energiebeitrag zur Erzeugung, und die entsprechenden Anlagen benötigen hohe Investitions- und Wartungskosten.Of the conventional industrially established way of producing ceramic Granules or similar shaped bodies, eg. For example the ceramic molding, based on the granulation based of spray towers operating at temperatures above Spray ceramic slip at 400 ° C and transfer to granules. Such moldings are often very hard, hollow, have an irregular inhomogeneous structure, require a high energy contribution to the generation, and the corresponding plants require high investment and maintenance costs.
Nach dem Stand der Technik sind vielfältige Möglichkeiten zur Herstellung keramischer Formkörper bekannt. Das älteste keramische Formgebungsverfahren, mit dem auch Hohlkörper hergestellt werden können, ist die bildsame Formgebung. Tonmineralhaltige Mischungen werden mit einem Anteil Wasser versetzt, wodurch eine bildsame Masse entsteht, die durch die Kraft menschlicher Hände frei geformt werden. Keramische Hohlkörper mit definierter Außenkontur werden durch Schlickerguss hergestellt: Der Formkörper entsteht aufgrund von Scherbenbildung an der Gipsformwand infolge von Wasserentzug aus dem Schlicker. Wesentlich schneller bildet sich der Scherben beim Druckschlickergießen aus. Das Herstellen durch den Nachtransport von Schlicker zur Ausbildung des vollständigen Formkörpers wird als Vollguss bezeichnet.To The prior art has many possibilities for the production of ceramic moldings known. The oldest ceramic molding process, with which also hollow body can be produced, is the sculptural shaping. Clay mineral mixtures are mixed with a proportion of water, whereby a figurative mass is created by the power of human hands be shaped freely. Ceramic hollow body with defined Outer contour are produced by slip casting: The Shaped body arises due to shards on the Plaster mold wall as a result of dehydration from the slurry. Much faster The body forms during pressure slip casting. The production by the subsequent transport of slip for training of the complete molded body is considered a cast designated.
Das Gelcasting ist ein Gießverfahren im Vollguss, bei dem einer dispergierten wässrigen keramischen Suspension Monomere zugesetzt werden. Der entlüftete Schlicker wird somit nicht in eine poröse Metall- oder Kunststoffform gefüllt. Durch Temperaturerhöhung oder durch einen zugesetzten Katalysator wird eine Polymerisation ausgelöst, die das Bauteil verfestigt. Nach der Trocknung wird die Polymermatrix ausgebrannt.The Gelcasting is a full cast casting process in which one dispersed aqueous ceramic suspension monomers be added. The deaerated slip is thus not filled in a porous metal or plastic mold. By increasing the temperature or by adding a catalyst a polymerization is initiated which solidifies the component. After drying, the polymer matrix is burned out.
Bei
Verwendung von Monomeren, wie durch
Es sind zwei prinzipielle Wege zur Verwendung von polymeren Hydrogelen in der keramischen Formgebung bekannt geworden: erstens die Verwendung synthetischer Monomere, die durch Polymerisation zu einem Gel reagieren und zweitens die Verwendung von aus Naturstoffen gewonnenen Polymeren, die durch Umlagerung der Polymerstruktur feste Gele bilden. Polymere Hydrogele sind Substanzen, die in der Lage sind, durch die vernetzte Gerüststruktur organischer Polymere Wasser in Form eines Gels zu binden.It are two principal ways to use polymeric hydrogels become known in the ceramic molding: first, the use synthetic monomers which react by polymerization to a gel and second, the use of polymers derived from natural products, which form solid gels by rearrangement of the polymer structure. polymers Hydrogels are substances that are capable of being cross-linked Scaffold structure of organic polymers water in the form of a Tie gels.
Bei
der Verwendung synthetischer Monomere wirken sich die teilweise
gesundheitsgefährdenden Eigenschaften negativ aus. Dies
gilt nicht nur für das Fügen der Formkörper,
sondern insbesondere für den Ausbrennvorgang. Diese Nachteile
können überwunden werden mit Hydrogelen natürlichen
Ursprunges, wie sie auch in der Nahrungsmitteltechnologie und Kosmetikbranche
in großem Maßstab eingesetzt werden. Gewinnung
und Eigenschaften derartiger Substanzen sind bekannt (
Für
die Anwendung in der Formgebung von Metallpulvern oder Keramikpulvern
ist mit der
In
der Patentschrift
Der Erfindung liegt die technische Aufgabe zugrunde, ein Verfahren zur Herstellung von anorganischen calciumphosphatfreien Formkörpern zu entwickeln, das im Herstellungsprozess nicht von einer Suspension ausgeht, mit günstigem Energieeintrag und niedrigen Investitionskosten herstellbar ist und zu Formkörpern führt, die sich durch eine regelmäßige, homogene Struktur auszeichnen.Of the Invention is the technical object of a method for Production of inorganic calcium phosphate-free moldings to develop that in the manufacturing process not from a suspension goes out, with favorable energy input and low investment costs can be produced and leads to moldings, the through a regular, homogeneous structure distinguished.
Erfindungsgemäß wird ein calciumphosphatfreier, keramischer Schlicker auf der Basis von natürlichen und/oder synthetischen Rohstoffen für die Silikat-, Feuerfest-, Struktur- oder Funktionskeramik mit/oder ohne der Zugabe von weiteren Verflüssigern und/oder Netzmitteln und/oder Bindern mit einem hohen Feststoffgehalt durch eine Düse oder Kanüle tropfenweise in einem Behälter in einen rührenden, keramischen Schlicker mit einer geringeren Viskosität und/oder niedrigem Feststoffgehalt oder in einer rührenden, ionenhaltigen Suspension zugegeben. Über die Änderung des pH-Wertes bei Raumtemperatur werden diese Urformkörper verfestigt. Bei der Befreiung vom zweiten dünnflüssigen Schlicker oder der Suspension mittels z. B. eines Siebes (mechanische Trennung) werden die erzeugten Urformkörper vom überflüssigen Schlicker bzw. Suspension befreit und anschließend getrocknet und zu handhabungsfesten Formkörpern umgesetzt bzw. überführt. Das Rühren des zweiten Schlickers bzw. Suspension ist für eine industrielle Umsetzung des Verfahrens von großer Bedeutung. Im Falle eines nicht rührenden Schlickers bzw. einer Suspension werden die Urformkörper auch einzeln erzeugt. Der Rührvorgang beeinträchtigt überwiegend die Geometriegestaltung der Urformkörper. Erfindungsgemäß können für die Fertigung von Urformkörpern bei Raumtemperatur auch vorhandene Sprühtürme in Anspruch genommen werden.According to the invention a calcium phosphate-free, ceramic slurry based on natural and / or synthetic raw materials for the silicate, refractory, structural or functional ceramics with / or without the addition of other condensers and / or wetting agents and / or high solids binders through a die or cannula dropwise in a container in a touching, ceramic slip with a lower Viscosity and / or low solids content or in one stirring, ion-containing suspension was added. about the change in pH at room temperature will be this Urformkörper solidifies. At liberation from the second low-viscosity slip or the suspension by means z. As a sieve (mechanical separation) are the original molded body freed from superfluous slurry or suspension and then dried and to handling-resistant moldings implemented or transferred. Stirring of the second slip or suspension is for an industrial Implementation of the procedure of great importance. In the event of a non-stirring slurry or suspension The Urformkörper are also produced individually. The stirring process mainly affects the geometry design the Urformkörper. According to the invention for the production of master moldings at room temperature Also used existing spray towers become.
Erfindungsgemäß werden die handhabungsfesten Formkörper in Bauteilen über Pressverfahren geformt und anschließend erhalten die Bauteile über einen keramischen Brand ihre Endeigenschaften. Erfindungsgemäß können weiterhin die handhabungsfesten Formkörper keramischen Schlickern zugegeben werden, über Schlickergießverfahren in Bauteile geformt werden und anschließend über einen keramischen Brand zu keramischen Erzeugnissen überführt werden. Schließlich können die handhabungsfesten Formkörper bildsamen Massen zugegeben oder mit der Zugabe von Plastifikatoren in bildsamen Massen überführt und in Bauteilen über Extrudierverfahren geformt werden. Durch keramischen Brand erhalten die Bauteile anschließend ihre Endeigenschaften.According to the invention the handling-resistant moldings in components over Pressing formed and then receive the components over a ceramic fire their final properties. According to the invention continue to handle the molded ceramic body Schlickern be added via Schlickergießverfahren be formed into components and then over transferred a ceramic fire to ceramic products become. Finally, the handling-resistant Molded body mass added or with the addition transferred from plasticizers in viscous masses and molded in components via extrusion processes. By ceramic fire, the components then receive their End properties.
Beim erfindungsgemäßen Herstellungsverfahren werden die anorganischen calciumphosphatfreien Formkörper ausgehend von einem Schlicker hohen Feststoffgehaltes über das Einleiten in einen zweiten Behälter, durch Änderung des pH-Wertes verfestigt. gegeben werden können.At the Production method according to the invention starting from the inorganic calcium phosphate-free shaped body from a slurry of high solids content via the discharge into a second container, by changing the solidified pH. can be given.
Die Erfindung soll an nachfolgenden Ausführungsbeispielen näher erläutert werden.The Invention is to be closer to subsequent embodiments be explained.
Beispiel 1: Alumimiumoxid-GranulateExample 1: Alumimium oxide granules
Die
Suspension hohen Feststoffgehaltes zur Herstellung keramischer Urformkörper
(Siehe Bild 1) wird nach folgender Rezeptur hergestellt.
Die aluminiumoxidreiche Suspension wurde im Bild 2 dargestellten Injectomat vertropft und im Kontakt mit der Suspension niedrigen Feststoffgehaltes mittels Änderung des PH-Wertes im Becher verfestigt. Bild 1 zeigt eine REM Aufnahme der getrockneten Hohlkugel, welche im getrockneten oder gebrannten Zustand mittels gießen, pressen oder extrudieren weiterverarbeitet wird.The aluminum oxide-rich suspension was shown in Figure 2 Injectomat dripped and in contact with the suspension of low solids content solidified by changing the pH in the cup. image FIG. 1 shows an SEM image of the dried hollow sphere, which is shown in FIG Dried or burned state by pouring, pressing or extruding is further processed.
Beispiel 2: Kohlenstoff-GranulateExample 2: Carbon granules
Die
Suspension hohen Feststoffgehaltes zur Herstellung keramischer Urformkörper
wird nach folgender Rezeptur hergestellt.
Die kohlenstoffreiche Suspension wird verdüst, zerwellt oder getropft und in im Kontakt mit der Suspension niedrigen Feststoffgehaltes mittels Änderung des PH-Wertes verfestigt. Nach der Urformgebung werden die Granulate im getrockneten, oder verkokten oder gebrannten Zustand mittels gießen, pressen oder extrudieren weiterverarbeitet.The carbonaceous suspension is atomized, curdled or dripped and in contact with the suspension of low solids content solidified by changing the pH value. After the original design The granules are dried, or coked or fired Condition further processed by casting, pressing or extruding.
Beispiel 3: Kaolinhaltige Granula mit feinen Aluminiumoxidzusätzen für die Silikatindustrie.Example 3: Kaolin-containing granules with fine alumina additives for the silicate industry.
Es
wird ein Rezept auf einer Porzellanmassebasis vorgestellt, was zusätzlich
feines Aluminiumoxid beinhaltet. Die Mischung kann auch ohne die
feine Aluminiumoxidzugabe zu geeigneten Granulaten für
die Silikatindustrie überführt werden.
ZITATE ENTHALTEN IN DER BESCHREIBUNGQUOTES INCLUDE IN THE DESCRIPTION
Diese Liste der vom Anmelder aufgeführten Dokumente wurde automatisiert erzeugt und ist ausschließlich zur besseren Information des Lesers aufgenommen. Die Liste ist nicht Bestandteil der deutschen Patent- bzw. Gebrauchsmusteranmeldung. Das DPMA übernimmt keinerlei Haftung für etwaige Fehler oder Auslassungen.This list The documents listed by the applicant have been automated generated and is solely for better information recorded by the reader. The list is not part of the German Patent or utility model application. The DPMA takes over no liability for any errors or omissions.
Zitierte PatentliteraturCited patent literature
- - US 5028362 [0005] - US 5028362 [0005]
- - US 4734237 [0008] US 4734237 [0008]
- - DE 10359135 A [0008] - DE 10359135 A [0008]
- - DE 60103638 [0009] - DE 60103638 [0009]
Zitierte Nicht-PatentliteraturCited non-patent literature
- - „Thickening and Gelling Agents for Food” von Alan Imeson, Chapman & Hall, London, 1997 [0007] - "Thickening and Gelling Agents for Food" by Alan Imeson, Chapman & Hall, London, 1997 [0007]
- - „Foot Gels" von Peter Harris, Elsevier, 1990 [0007] - "Foot Gels" by Peter Harris, Elsevier, 1990 [0007]
- - A. J. Millan et al., Journal of the European Ceramic Society, Vol. 22, Dez. 2002, Seiten 2009–2230 [0007] - AJ Millan et al., Journal of the European Ceramic Society, Vol. 22, Dec. 2002, pp. 2009-2230 [0007]
- - Z.-P. Xie et al in J. Mater. Sci. Lett., 20, 13 (2001) 1255–1257 [0007] - Z.-P. Xie et al. In J. Mater. Sci. Lett., 20, 13 (2001) 1255-1257 [0007]
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Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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DE102020108196A1 (en) | 2020-03-25 | 2021-09-30 | Technische Universität Bergakademie Freiberg | Process for the production of a ceramic, silicate-free investment casting mold for the production of investment casting parts from higher melting metals and a ceramic, silicate-free investment casting mold for the production of investment casting parts from higher melting metals |
CN117103411A (en) * | 2023-09-11 | 2023-11-24 | 苏州市伊贝高温技术材料有限公司 | Ceramic granulating powder production system, method, device and medium |
Citations (6)
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Cited By (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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DE102020108196A1 (en) | 2020-03-25 | 2021-09-30 | Technische Universität Bergakademie Freiberg | Process for the production of a ceramic, silicate-free investment casting mold for the production of investment casting parts from higher melting metals and a ceramic, silicate-free investment casting mold for the production of investment casting parts from higher melting metals |
DE102020108196B4 (en) | 2020-03-25 | 2024-05-16 | Technische Universität Bergakademie Freiberg | Process for producing a ceramic, silicate-free investment casting mold for the production of investment castings from higher-melting metals and use of a ceramic, silicate-free investment casting mold for the production of investment castings from higher-melting metals |
CN117103411A (en) * | 2023-09-11 | 2023-11-24 | 苏州市伊贝高温技术材料有限公司 | Ceramic granulating powder production system, method, device and medium |
CN117103411B (en) * | 2023-09-11 | 2024-03-01 | 苏州市伊贝高温技术材料有限公司 | Ceramic granulating powder production system, method, device and medium |
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