DE102006062018A1 - Thin section solar module has different cell types which deliver different electric voltage and current at even homogenous radiation of module, and at operation near maximum power point - Google Patents

Abstract

The thin section solar module has different cell types (C1,C2) which deliver different electric voltage and current at even homogenous radiation of the module, and at operation near the maximum power point. The sub-group voltage and the number of elements in the sub-groups are so selected that cells belonging to a sub-group in series connection reaches a specific voltage. All the cells belonging to sub-group are connected in series and reach a specific sub-group voltage, where all sub-groups belonging to a group are connected in parallel. An independent claim is also included for a method of improving the efficiency of thin solar module.

Description

The The invention relates to a thin-film solar module with different cell types, and especially an improvement the efficiency of thin-film solar modules with different cell types.

Around in photovoltaic semiconductor cells (PV-HL cells) a high Proportion of light conversion into electricity producing electrons and holes, it is advantageous if the light-converting semiconductor layer is thicker. Opposite that stands the fact that in thicker layers the generated charge carriers dissipate a longer path to the current Cover the electrodes have to, where it is partly for recombination of the generated electrons and holes and thus less and less of the charge carriers generated by light Contribute to electricity generation.

One way to mitigate the negative effects of recombination is to stack several PV HL cells with correspondingly thinner layers in the light path one behind the other. This also has a positive effect on cells made of amorphous silicon by virtue of lower temporal degradation of the efficiency. 1 shows two in the light path successively arranged cells C1 and C2.

Legend too 1 :

17

incident light

25

Light, after passing through cell C1 comes to another cell C2.

Furthermore It is advantageous to have multiple cells with different spectral Stacking sensitivities in the light path one behind the other to light, that was not absorbed in the first cell (C1), the second one To feed cell (C2) and thus the overall efficiency of the conversion into electrical To improve electricity. Cells C1 and C2 represent PV-HL cells, representing the different cell types (type A and type B).

• – auf die unterschiedliche Bauart (unterschiedliche Halbleitermaterialien, unterschiedliche Schichtdicken, unterschiedliche Fläche)

und/oder

• – auf die unterschiedliche Anordnung bezüglich der einfallenden Lichtstrahlung (sie können beispielsweise in unterschiedlichen Schichten liegen und/oder im Lichtweg hintereinander liegen, was Einfluss auf die Lichtstrahlung hat, die auf die Zelle trifft und dort in elektrischen Strom umgewandelt wird.)

aber nicht zurückzuführen ist

• – auf Fertigungsstreuungen bei der Herstellung des Moduls.

In this document, different cell types of a solar module are HL-PV cells that provide different electrical voltages and / or currents under homogeneous irradiation of the module and when operating near the MPP (Maximum Power Point: operating point at which the cell provides the maximum output power) which is due

• - on the different design (different semiconductor materials, different layer thicknesses, different surface area)

and or

• - The different arrangement with respect to the incident light radiation (they may, for example, lie in different layers and / or in the light path behind the other, which has an influence on the light radiation that strikes the cell and is converted there into electrical current.)

but is not due

• - on manufacturing variations in the manufacture of the module.

Reduction of efficiency due to electrical mismatch

It is obvious and commonplace that in the light path one behind the other cells electrically Series are switched. When two (or more) PV-HL cells are electrically connected in series, lead Current mismatches between cells lead to significant losses in the effectiveness the conversion if it is not certain that both (or all) cells have nearly the same current (under MPP conditions) respective cell; MPP = Maximum Power Point) for the application provide typical irradiation.

2 shows typical characteristics for a PV-HL cell at two different illuminances, which differ by a factor of 2. On the basis of the characteristics and the position of the MPPs of a PV-HL cell one recognizes ( 2 ) that the relative current change due to, for example, twice as high illuminance is significantly greater than the relative voltage change (in each case at MPP conditions). It follows that with two identically constructed cells that deliver significantly different power (eg because they are illuminated differently, or due to manufacturing tolerances) in series connection (the current is essentially determined by the HL-PV cell, the the significantly lower power supply) usually much higher matching losses occur than with parallel connection (the voltage of the cell supplying the smaller current is not significantly lower than the voltage of the other HL-PV cell).

was standing The technique is that several in the light path arranged one behind the other HL-PV cells electrically are connected in series. Reason for this is u. a. that with it Electrical wiring of the cells is easiest and the manufacturing cost is lowest.

Basically - as mentioned above show in cells with different currents - when operating different Cells in series with losses due to electrical mismatch be counted.

The invention is based on the object to reduce such losses and to increase the efficiency of a thin-film solar module with different cell types.

• • auf die unterschiedliche Bauart (unterschiedliche Halbleitermaterialien, unterschiedliche Schichtdicken, unterschiedliche Fläche)

und/oder

• • auf die unterschiedliche Anordnung bezüglich der einfallenden Lichtstrahlung (sie können beispielsweise in unterschiedlichen Schichten liegen und/oder im Lichtweg hintereinander liegen, was Einfluss auf die Lichtstrahlung hat, die auf die Zelle trifft und dort in elektrischen Strom umgewandelt wird.)

aber nicht zurückzuführen ist

• • auf Fertigungsstreuungen bei der Herstellung des Moduls,

wobei auf dem Modul eine oder mehrere Gruppen von Zellen vorgesehen sind, und innerhalb einer Gruppe wiederum Sub-Gruppen vorgesehen sind,
wobei in jeder Gruppe die gleichen Zelltypen vorgesehen sind und jeder Zelltyp in der gleichen Zahl wie in jeder anderen Gruppe vertreten ist
wobei werter sämtliche zu einer Sub-Gruppe gehörenden Zellen so ausgelegt sind, dass sie bei für die Anwendung typischer Bestrahlung bei Betrieb in der Nähe des MPP nahezu den gleichen Strom liefern
wobei weiter eine Sub-Gruppenspannung und die Zahl der Elemente in den Sub-Gruppen so gewählt werden, dass bei für die Anwendung typischer Bestrahlung und bei Betrieb in der Nähe des MPP alle zu einer Sub-Gruppe gehörenden Zellen in Serienschaltung näherungsweise die Sub-Gruppenspannung U_SGr erreichen. Die Sub-Gruppenspannung U_SGr gilt für alle Subgruppen einer Gruppe, d. h. sie ist insbesondere nicht davon abhängig, welche Zelltypen sich in der Subgruppe befinden,
wobei weiter alle zu einer Sub-Gruppe gehörenden Zellen in Serie geschaltet sind
und näherungsweise die Sub-Gruppenspannung U_SGr erreichen,
und wobei alle zu einer Gruppe gehörenden Sub-Gruppen parallel geschaltet sind.This object is achieved by a thin-film solar module with different cell types, wherein there are different cell types on the module, which provide different electrical voltages and / or currents with uniform homogeneous irradiation of the module and in operation near the MPP, which is due

• • on the different design (different semiconductor materials, different layer thicknesses, different surface area)

and or

• • The different arrangement with respect to the incident light radiation (they may, for example, lie in different layers and / or lie behind each other in the light path, which has an influence on the light radiation that strikes the cell and is converted there into electrical current.)

but is not due

• • on manufacturing variations in the manufacture of the module,

wherein one or more groups of cells are provided on the module, and sub-groups are again provided within a group,
where the same cell types are provided in each group and each cell type is represented in the same number as in any other group
wherein all cells belonging to a sub-group are designed to provide nearly the same current under typical application irradiation in the vicinity of the MPP
further selecting a sub-group voltage and the number of elements in the sub-groups such that in typical applications for application and in the vicinity of the MPP, all sub-group connected cells in series approximate the sub-group voltage U _SGr reach. The subgroup _voltage U _SGr applies to all subgroups of a group, ie, in particular, it does not depend on which cell types are in the subgroup,
wherein further all belonging to a sub-group cells are connected in series
and approximately reach the sub-group _voltage U _SGr ,
and wherein all subgroups belonging to a group are connected in parallel.

further developments The invention will become apparent from the dependent claims.

Brief description of the figures:

1 shows two in the light path successively arranged cells C1 and C2.

2 shows exemplary typical characteristics of a PV-HL cell at two different illuminance levels by a factor of two.

3 shows an advantageous interconnection of a group of 3 cells, which is divided into two subgroups.

4 shows an advantageous interconnection of a group of 4 cells, which is divided into two subgroups.

5 shows an example of the interconnection of 2 subgroups (SGr-A and SGr-B) with different cell types (A and B).

6 shows by way of example the systematics of the formation of the groups and sub-groups for S = 2 and T = 4 within a module.

7 shows by way of example the interconnection of the cells to subgroups and the subgroups to a group.

8th shows an example of a possible structure for a group, which is formed from a cell stack of 3 cells of different types.

9 shows by way of example a possible construction for a group which is formed from a cell stack of 3 cells, where 2 cells are of the same cell type. The group consists of 2 subgroups.

10 shows by way of example a possible structure for a group which is formed from a cell stack of 4 cells, 2 of which are cells of the same cell type. The group consists of 3 subgroups.

in the Below are various embodiments of the invention explained with reference to the figures:

Group of multiple cells with different spectral Sensitivity, which are arranged in different layers

By arranging several HL-PV cells in superimposed and simultaneously irradiated layers, one can improve the efficiency of conversion to electrical current by using cell types that have different spectral sensitivities and, respectively, the light from a particular wavelength Converting genbereich with higher efficiency into electricity.

Suitable for this Cells can be, for example, by choosing semiconductor materials produce with different band gap, but what the result that also has the tensions of different cell types distinguish, and thus in electrical parallel connection of Cells with significant losses due to cell voltage mismatch must be expected. For this reason, it is common to stacked cells be interpreted so that they at the application of typical irradiation provide almost the same current and electrically connected in series, the current adjustment losses under ideal operating conditions are then relatively low.

In In practice, however, in this case, larger power adjustment losses unavoidable, since the spectral composition of the light is not always the same (in the course of a day or a year) and Therefore, the ratio the streams (each at MPP conditions) of each electrically in series Switched different cell types changes.

Group of three or more cells

The here considered thin-film solar modules consist of several cells that are in groups (in each group the same cell types and each cell type is in the same number as represented in any other group) can be divided. If one Group consists of at least three HL-PV cells, at least two represent different cell types, can be achieved by a combination of series and parallel connection, that the adjustment losses are reduced. Exemplary is in As shown below, as in a group of three or four Cells can look like.

For 3 cells, this is possible if the voltage of the highest voltage cell (C1: U _MPP 1) is approximately equal to the sum of the voltage of the other two cells (C2: U _MPP 2 and C3: U _MPP 3) under MPP conditions for radiation typical for the application), which in turn approximately corresponds to the subgroup voltage (U _SGr ). U MPP 1 ≈ U SGR ≈ U MPP 2 + U MPP 3

The advantageous interconnection is in 3 shown. In this case, the cells C2 and C3 of the cell C1 connected in series are connected in parallel. Again, there is the described problem of current mismatch of series connected cells, which, however, is easier to optimize with only two cells connected in series (C2, C3) than with three cells connected in series.

The entire group of 3 cells is divided once again into 2 sub-groups. Only C1 belongs to the first subgroup (SGr-A), while C2 and C3 belong to the second subgroup (SGr-BC). All elements of a subgroup have to be designed so that they are typical for the application of radiation when operating nearby of the MPP provide almost the same power. The cell type of C1 (type A) is different to the cell type of C2 (type B) and C3 (type C). C2 and C3 can, but have to not to represent the same cell type.

The subgroup _voltage U _SGr applies to all subgroups of a group, ie in particular it does not depend on which cell types are in the subgroup.

The sub-group _voltage U _SGr is achieved in series connection of all cells belonging to a subgroup approximately (in each case when operating under MPP conditions in the case of typical irradiation for the application).

In a group with 4 cells of different cell type, it is desirable if the sum of the voltages (each under MPP conditions for radiation typical for the application) of two cells is identical. U MPP 1 + U MPP 4 ≈ U SGR ≈ U MPP 2 + U MPP 3

Each 2 cells are electrically connected in series so that the resulting Voltages (each under MPP conditions for irradiation typical for the application) are about the same size.

The interconnection of the cells is in 4 shown. Again, two sub-groups are formed: C1 (type A) and C4 (type D) form the subgroup AD (SGr-AD) while C2 (type B) and C3 (type C) form the subgroup BC (SGr -BC). Here, too, it is conceivable that two cells connected in series (eg C2 and C3) are of the same cell type.

Interconnection of the cells Groups with many cells

As a rule, a PV module is made up of a large number of individual cells. Within this module should apply:
Groups are formed in which cells of different cell types are located. In each group are the same cell types and each cell type is represented in the same number as in any other group.

In the following, it is assumed by way of example that 2 different cell types (cell type A and cell type B) exist. However, these over also be transferred to more than 2 cell types, whereby also different cell types can be in a sub-group.

advantageous Interconnection with low adjustment losses arise when a series connection of M cells of cell type A almost the same voltage as one Series connection of how N cells of cell type B delivers (each under MPP conditions at for the use of usual Irradiation). M and N are integers.

If suitable numbers M and N are found, within each group, M cells of cell type A are connected in series to a subgroup (SGr-A), each generating sub-group voltage U _SGr (under normal irradiation MPP conditions ).

As well In each case N cells of cell type B are connected in series to one Subgroup (Sgr-B).

5 shows by way of example the interconnection of 2 subgroups with different cell types, with exactly one cell type in each subgroup.

Within In this example, there are a total of S subgroups in a group (SGr-A 1... SGr-A S) with M cells of cell type A and T subgroups, respectively each with N cells of cell type B (SGr-B 1 ... SGr-B T).

6 shows by way of example the systematics of the formation of the groups and sub-groups for S = 2 and T = 4 within a module (Mod) with 3 groups (Gr 1, Gr 2 and Gr 3). Within each group there are S = 2 sub-groups with cells of type A and T = 4 sub-groups with cells of type B in this example.

Within need a sub-group are not, as in this example, exclusively cells of one type. However allowed There are only cells in a subset that are in the application typical irradiation when operating near the MPP almost the same Supply electricity.

In a group can all Sub-groups are switched in parallel without causing large adjustment losses arise. In total, there are S subgroups with cell type A, respectively M cells and T subgroups with cell type B with N cells each. In of the group are S · M Cells of type A and T · N cells Type B.

Example with numerical values:

• Cell voltage of cell type A under MPP conditions with radiation typical for the application U _MPP A = 0.5 V.
• Cell voltage B of cell type B under MPP conditions for irradiation typical for the application U _MPP B = 0.9 V.
• Suitable numbers for N and M are in this case M = 9; N = 5 (or integer Multiple of them)

Building on the above example could be through Choice of S = 5 and T = 9 can be achieved in one groups each 45 cells of cell type A and 45 cells of cell type B are located.

It have to not always the same number of cells in a group of all cell types to be available. By way of example only will be shown here, as by choice from S and T the cell interconnection described here with low Adjustment losses can be applied when the different Cell types in the same number or in a specific numerical relationship to each other available.

7 shows by way of example the interconnection of the cells of a group.

Example of a structure of a cell stack in a group of 3 cells

If a group of 3 cells is assumed, the arrangement of 3 , wherein the voltage of the highest voltage cell (C1: U _MPP 1) is approximately equal to the sum of the voltage of the other two cells (C2: U _MPP 2 and C3: U _MPP 3) (each under MPP conditions at a for the use of typical irradiation).

This can be achieved, for example, approximately are made by using a-Si: H as the semiconductor of cell 1 as well by using amorphous silicon germanium (a-SiGe: H) for cell 2 and cell 3.

The mixing ratio of silicon to germanium in a-SiGe: H determines, in particular, the spectral sensitivity and the voltage of the cell. The mixing ratio between silicon and germanium in both cells C2 and C3 can be different and should be chosen so that the sum of the output voltages of cells C2 and C3 (U _MPP 2 and U _MPP 3 at MPP conditions typical for the application of irradiation) approximates Reach U _MPP 1. In addition, when determining the cell voltages of C2 and C3, the best possible conversion of the light into electrical current should be considered. In particular, the spectral sensitivity of the cells and the cell voltage can also be influenced by adding carbon to silicon (a-SiC: H).

8th shows a possible structure for a group of 3 cells (also called cell group or because of the stacked structure also cell sta pel). Here, three cells of different cell types in the light path are arranged one behind the other. Since C2 and C3 have different arrangement with respect to incident light radiation, they are not of the same cell type. In this example, there are 3 different cell types in a group, divided into 2 sub-groups. Only C1 is in the first subgroup, while C2 and C3 are in the other subgroup.

Basically it is in 8th it is possible to interchange all n-doped and p-doped layers, which changes the polarity of the cell group accordingly. It changes the order of the layers within the cells from pin to nip. Likewise, the layers do not have to, as indicated here, starting from the glass substrate ( 1 ) can be constructed from (superstrate design), but can also be constructed starting from the substrate under the back contact (not shown in the picture) from (substrate design).

Also the semiconductor materials used are not based on mixtures limited by silicon, germanium and carbon, but it can be any other semiconductor materials are used, provided that produced cells suitable spectral sensitivities and suitable Have cell voltages.

Legend too 8th

1

Glass (Radiation window through which light enters the cells)

2

transparent conductive Layer (eg TCO: transparent conducting oxide)

3

p-doped a-Si: H

4

intrinsic (undoped or weakly doped) a-Si: H

5

n-doped a-Si: H

6

transparent conductive Layer (eg TCO: transparent conducting oxide)

7

n-doped a-SiGe: H

8th

intrinsic (undoped or weakly doped) a-SiGe: H

9

p-doped a-SiGe: H

10

n-doped a-SiGe: H

11

intrinsic (undoped or weakly doped) a-SiGe: H

12

p-doped a-SiGe: H

13

(Optional) transparent conductive Layer (eg TCO: transparent conducting oxide)

14

Back contact (and reflector)

15

plus Pol of the cell group

16

minus Pol of the cell group

17

incident light

Also In this case, there is the problem of adjustment losses of streams the electrically connected in series cells C2 and C3, the located in the same subgroup.

The Optimization of the currents however, 2 cells connected in series are lighter as in 3 electrically connected in series cells.

Quality Adaptation can also be achieved by going for cell 2 and 3 respectively the a-SiGe mentioned in the example: H compounds in each case microcrystalline Silicon (μc-Si: H) used. Microcrystalline silicon cells typically reach a cell voltage of about 0.4 V ... 0.5 V (under MPP conditions at for the application of typical irradiation) and thus about half the value of Amorphous silicon cells. Because then the cells C2 and C3 due same or very similar spectral sensitivity of the same material The design of cells on the same stream is clear facilitated.

In addition, the properties (in particular the current) of the cells C2 and C3 can be adjusted even better if both cells are produced within the same semiconductor layers. Thus, cells C2 and C3 are of the same cell type and can be easily grouped together in a subgroup. A possible construction of a group of 3 cells, of which 2 cells of the same cell type are shown and connected in series shows 9 ,

in this connection are the juxtaposed in the same semiconductor layer Cells C2 and C3 are arranged in the light path behind the cell C1.

Legend too 9 (see also legend to 8th )

1

Glass (Radiation window through which light enters the cells)

2

transparent conductive Layer (eg TCO: transparent conducting oxide)

3

p-doped a-Si: H

4

intrinsic (undoped or weakly doped) a-Si: H

5

n-doped a-Si: H

6

transparent conductive Layer (eg TCO: transparent conducting oxide)

15

plus Pol of the cell group

16

minus Pol of the cell group

17

incident light

18

optical transparent electrical insulator (eg SiN or SiON); alternative electrically insulating layer system with optical filter effect

19

transparent conductive Layer (eg TCO: transparent conducting oxide)

20

p-doped μc-Si: H

21

intrinsic (undoped or weakly doped) μc-Si: H

22

n-doped μc-Si: H

23

(Optional) transparent conductive Layer (eg TCO: transparent conducting oxide)

24

Back contact (and reflector)

Also In this configuration, the order of cell construction (pin or nip) interchangeable, provided that in the interconnection of the cells polarity the cells is observed.

As well is this configuration as superstrate design (as indicated here) or produced as a substrate design.

For interconnecting and structuring the cells, the usual processes in the production of thin-film cells (CVD, PECVD, APCVD, sputtering, vapor deposition, laser structuring, photolithography, etching, ...) and materials (TCO such as SnO: F, ZnO, metals such as Al, Ag, Cu, ... insulators such as silicon oxide, SiON, SiN, ZnN _x ) can be used.

Under consideration the fact that cells made of amorphous silicon cause a degradation of the Efficiency tend, especially if they are too thick, is to strive for that instead of a relatively thick a-Si: H cell two half as thick in the light path one behind the other arranged a-Si: H cells be used.

Behind this stack of two a-Si: H cells, which are electrically connected in parallel can, can now juxtaposed two cells from μc-Si: H are arranged, the electrically connected in series.

• – der ersten a-Si:H Zelle
• – der zweiten a-Si:H Zelle
• – der Serienschaltung von zwei μc-Si:H-Zellen.

This group of 4 cells consists of 3 sub-groups,

• - the first a-Si: H cell
• - the second a-Si: H cell
• - the series connection of two μc-Si: H cells.

These 3 subgroups are now interconnected in parallel. A possible realization shows 10 (Legend see 9 ) Also in this configuration, the order of the cell structure (pin or nip) is interchangeable, as long as the interconnection of the cells, the polarity of the cells is observed.

Basically the proposed structures are not limited to Si semiconductors. Especially can instead of a-Si: H and μc-Si: H other semiconductor materials are used, provided that cells can be produced in about the factor 2 in the voltage (in nearby of the MPP).

By Addition of carbon and / or germanium to silicon can in particular affects the spectral sensitivity and the voltage of the cells and thereby further optimizing the system.

In the light path successively arranged cells (see FIG. 1 ) is absorbed by the total incoming light ( 17 ) first radiates the HL-PV cell (C1), which best converts the shortest wavelength light into current and the longer wavelength light ( 18 ) and thus provides the cell (C2) behind the light path behind it for conversion to current.

So become by several in the light path successively arranged cells successively starting from the short-wave light further long-wave spectral ranges of light converted into electricity.

Advantageous is when at the transition the light from a cell that is optimized for shortwave light became (KW cell) a cell optimized for longer-wave light A dichroic filter was placed between the cells (LW cell) , the shortwave light that is converted by the KW cell can, reflected (so that it passes through the KW cell) and long-wave light to the LW cell (and possibly following cells).

At the in 9 and 10 As shown cell groups, the dichroic filter would be alternative to layer 18 be incorporated, it should be noted that it is also electrically insulating.

At the in 8th represented cell group would have the TCO layer ( 6 ) are replaced by a layer system (TCO - dichroic filter - TCO), wherein the two TCO layers should be electrically connected to each other.

Claims (16)

Thin-film solar module with different cell types, wherein - there are different cell types on the module, which provide different electrical voltages and / or currents with uniform homogeneous irradiation of the module and in operation near the MPP - on the module one or more groups of Cells are formed, and subgroups within a group, where further - in each group are the same cell types and each cell type is represented in the same number as in any other group, furthermore - all cells belonging to a subgroup are so designed in that they provide almost the same current for typical application irradiation in the vicinity of the MPP, further sub-group voltage and the number of elements in the sub-groups being chosen to be typical for use with typical irradiation and Operation in the vicinity of the MPP all connected to a sub-group cells in series approximately reach the sub-group _voltage U _SGr , wherein the sub-group _voltage U _SGr applies to all subgroups of a group, where further - all belonging to a sub-group cells are connected in series and approximately reach the sub-group voltage U _SGr and where - all belonging to a group S ub groups are connected in parallel. Thin Film Solar Module with different cell types according to claim 1, characterized in that two subgroups each having a cell type are formed, wherein the cell type of the first subgroup based on amorphous silicon (a-Si: H) constructed and the cell type of the second subgroup on the basis of microcrystalline Silicon (μc-Si: H) constructed is. The second subgroup contains twice as many cells as in the first subgroup. Thin Film Solar Module with different cell types according to claim 2, characterized in that a group consists of an a-Si: H cell and 2 μc-Si: H cells and that in the light path behind the a-Si: H cell (this forms the first subgroup) two adjacent μc-Si: H Cells (these form the second subgroup and are connected in series) are arranged. Thin Film Solar Module thin film solar modules with different cell types according to claim 1, characterized in that that two or more subgroups exist and the cell types the basis of a-Si: H and / or a-SiGe: H (optionally in different Mixing ratios) and / or μc-Si: H and / or a: SiC: H (optionally in different mixing ratios) are constructed. Thin Film Solar Module with different cell types according to claim 1, characterized in that - three subgroups each formed with a cell type, wherein the first cell type in the first subgroup based on amorphous silicon (a-Si: H) is and lies in the light path in front of all other cells. - the second Cell type forms the second subgroup and also based of amorphous silicon (a-Si: H) is constructed and in the light path immediately behind the first a-Si: H cell lies. - the third cell type 2 adjacent μc-Si: H Cells is represented, and in the light path behind the two a-Si: H cells lies. - the both μc-Si: H Cells are electrically connected in series and the third subgroup form - the both a-Si: H cells are electrically connected in parallel - the series connection of the two μc-Si: H Cells electrically connected in parallel to the first and second a-Si: H cell are. Thin Film Solar Module with different cell types according to one of the claims 2, 3, 5, characterized in that that instead of a-Si: H and μc-Si: H other semiconductor materials are used with which cells are produced, which are about a factor of 2 in the voltage (at for the application of typical irradiation near the MPP). Thin Film Solar Module with different cell types characterized in that between two in the light path one behind the other cells arranged for different Spectral ranges are optimized by incorporating a dichroic filter becomes, the short-wave light, that of the first (in the light-path forward lying) cell is reflected (so that it be converted in another pass through the first cell can) and long-wave light to the following (for the conversion of long-wave Light optimized) cell passes. Thin Film Solar Module with different cell types characterized in that - the measures of claim 1 to 6 with the measures can be combined from claim 7. Method for improving the efficiency of thin-film solar modules with different cell types, wherein - there are different cell types on the module, which provide different electrical voltages and / or currents with uniform homogeneous irradiation of the module and operation near the MPP, wherein - on the module several groups of cells are formed, and within a group turn sub-groups where further - in each group are the same cell types and each where the cell type is represented in the same number as in any other group, further wherein all cells belonging to a sub-group are designed to provide nearly the same current at typical application irradiation near the MPP Sub-group voltage and the number of elements in the sub-groups are chosen so that in typical applications for application of irradiation and in the vicinity of the MPP all belonging to a sub-group cells in series connection approximately the sub-group _voltage U _SGr , wherein the sub-group _voltage U _SGr applies to all subgroups of a group, _furthermore - all cells belonging to one sub-group are connected in series and approximately reach the sub-group voltage U _SGr and wherein - all subgroups belonging to a group Groups are connected in parallel. Method for improving the efficiency of thin-film solar modules with different cell types according to claim 9, characterized in that that two subgroups are formed, each with one cell type, the cell type of the first subgroup being based on amorphous Silicon (a-Si: H) is constructed and the cell type of the second subgroup based on microcrystalline silicon (μc-Si: H) is constructed. In the second subgroup are twice as many cells as in the first subgroup. Method for improving the efficiency of thin-film solar modules with various cell types according to claim 10, characterized in that a group consists of an a-Si: H cell and 2 μc-Si: H cells and that in the light path behind the a-Si: H cell (this forms the first subgroup) two juxtaposed μc-Si: H Cells (these form the second subgroup and are connected in series) are arranged. Method for improving the efficiency of thin-film solar modules with different cell types according to claim 9, characterized in that that two or more subgroups exist and the cell types the basis of a-Si: H and / or a-SiGe: H (optionally in different Mixing ratios) and / or μc-Si: H and / or a: SiC: H (optionally in different mixing ratios) are constructed. Method for improving the efficiency of thin-film solar modules with different cell types according to claim 9, characterized in that that - three Subgroups are each formed with a cell type, wherein the first cell type in the first subgroup based on amorphous Silicon (a-Si: H) is constructed and in the light path above all others Cells lies. - of the second cell type forms the second subgroup and also on the Base of amorphous silicon (a-Si: H) is constructed as well as in the light path immediately behind the first a-Si: H cell lies. - the third Cell type represented by 2 juxtaposed μc-Si: H cells, and in the light path behind the two a-Si: H cells lies. - the two μc-Si: H cells are electrically connected in series and form the third subgroup - the two a-Si: H cells are electrically connected in parallel - the series connection of the two μc-Si: H Cells electrically connected in parallel to the first and second a-Si: H cells are. Method for improving the efficiency of thin-film solar modules with various cell types according to any one of claim 10. 11, 13, characterized in that, instead of a-Si: H and μc-Si: H, other semiconductor materials used to make cells that are about by a factor of 2 in the voltage (for the application of typical irradiation near of the MPP). Method for improving the efficiency of thin-film solar modules with different cell types, characterized in that between two in the light path one behind the other arranged cells, for different Spectral ranges are optimized by incorporating a dichroic filter becomes, the short-wave light, that of the first (in the light-path forward lying) cell is reflected (so that it can be converted in another pass through the first cell) and long-wave light to the following (for the conversion of long-wave Light optimized) cell passes. Method for improving the efficiency of thin-film solar modules with different cell types characterized in that - the measures Of claim 9 to 14 combined with the measures of claim 15 become.