DE102006058601B4 - Method for producing a body and chassis component as well as body and chassis component - Google Patents
Method for producing a body and chassis component as well as body and chassis component Download PDFInfo
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- DE102006058601B4 DE102006058601B4 DE102006058601A DE102006058601A DE102006058601B4 DE 102006058601 B4 DE102006058601 B4 DE 102006058601B4 DE 102006058601 A DE102006058601 A DE 102006058601A DE 102006058601 A DE102006058601 A DE 102006058601A DE 102006058601 B4 DE102006058601 B4 DE 102006058601B4
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
- B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
- B29C66/74—Joining plastics material to non-plastics material
- B29C66/742—Joining plastics material to non-plastics material to metals or their alloys
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C37/00—Component parts, details, accessories or auxiliary operations, not covered by group B29C33/00 or B29C35/00
- B29C37/0078—Measures or configurations for obtaining anchoring effects in the contact areas between layers
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
- B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
- B29C65/022—Particular heating or welding methods not otherwise provided for
- B29C65/028—Particular heating or welding methods not otherwise provided for making use of inherent heat, i.e. the heat for the joining comes from the moulding process of one of the parts to be joined
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
- B29C65/48—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using adhesives, i.e. using supplementary joining material; solvent bonding
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
- B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
- B29C66/72—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the structure of the material of the parts to be joined
- B29C66/721—Fibre-reinforced materials
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
- B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
- B29C66/72—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the structure of the material of the parts to be joined
- B29C66/721—Fibre-reinforced materials
- B29C66/7212—Fibre-reinforced materials characterised by the composition of the fibres
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
- B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
- B29C66/73—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset
- B29C66/739—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset
- B29C66/7392—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of at least one of the parts being a thermoplastic
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
- B29C66/90—Measuring or controlling the joining process
- B29C66/91—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux
- B29C66/914—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by controlling or regulating the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux
- B29C66/9141—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by controlling or regulating the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by controlling or regulating the temperature
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
- B29C66/90—Measuring or controlling the joining process
- B29C66/91—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux
- B29C66/919—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux characterised by specific temperature, heat or thermal flux values or ranges
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C70/00—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts
- B29C70/68—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts by incorporating or moulding on preformed parts, e.g. inserts or layers, e.g. foam blocks
- B29C70/74—Moulding material on a relatively small portion of the preformed part, e.g. outsert moulding
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C70/00—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts
- B29C70/68—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts by incorporating or moulding on preformed parts, e.g. inserts or layers, e.g. foam blocks
- B29C70/86—Incorporated in coherent impregnated reinforcing layers, e.g. by winding
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60R—VEHICLES, VEHICLE FITTINGS, OR VEHICLE PARTS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B60R19/00—Wheel guards; Radiator guards, e.g. grilles; Obstruction removers; Fittings damping bouncing force in collisions
- B60R19/02—Bumpers, i.e. impact receiving or absorbing members for protecting vehicles or fending off blows from other vehicles or objects
- B60R19/03—Bumpers, i.e. impact receiving or absorbing members for protecting vehicles or fending off blows from other vehicles or objects characterised by material, e.g. composite
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B62—LAND VEHICLES FOR TRAVELLING OTHERWISE THAN ON RAILS
- B62D—MOTOR VEHICLES; TRAILERS
- B62D25/00—Superstructure or monocoque structure sub-units; Parts or details thereof not otherwise provided for
- B62D25/02—Side panels
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B62—LAND VEHICLES FOR TRAVELLING OTHERWISE THAN ON RAILS
- B62D—MOTOR VEHICLES; TRAILERS
- B62D25/00—Superstructure or monocoque structure sub-units; Parts or details thereof not otherwise provided for
- B62D25/04—Door pillars ; windshield pillars
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B62—LAND VEHICLES FOR TRAVELLING OTHERWISE THAN ON RAILS
- B62D—MOTOR VEHICLES; TRAILERS
- B62D27/00—Connections between superstructure or understructure sub-units
- B62D27/02—Connections between superstructure or understructure sub-units rigid
- B62D27/026—Connections by glue bonding
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B62—LAND VEHICLES FOR TRAVELLING OTHERWISE THAN ON RAILS
- B62D—MOTOR VEHICLES; TRAILERS
- B62D29/00—Superstructures, understructures, or sub-units thereof, characterised by the material thereof
- B62D29/001—Superstructures, understructures, or sub-units thereof, characterised by the material thereof characterised by combining metal and synthetic material
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B62—LAND VEHICLES FOR TRAVELLING OTHERWISE THAN ON RAILS
- B62D—MOTOR VEHICLES; TRAILERS
- B62D29/00—Superstructures, understructures, or sub-units thereof, characterised by the material thereof
- B62D29/001—Superstructures, understructures, or sub-units thereof, characterised by the material thereof characterised by combining metal and synthetic material
- B62D29/005—Superstructures, understructures, or sub-units thereof, characterised by the material thereof characterised by combining metal and synthetic material preformed metal and synthetic material elements being joined together, e.g. by adhesives
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
- B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
- B29C66/73—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset
- B29C66/731—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined
- B29C66/7311—Thermal properties
- B29C66/73111—Thermal expansion coefficient
- B29C66/73112—Thermal expansion coefficient of different thermal expansion coefficient, i.e. the thermal expansion coefficient of one of the parts to be joined being different from the thermal expansion coefficient of the other part
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C70/00—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts
- B29C70/04—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts comprising reinforcements only, e.g. self-reinforcing plastics
- B29C70/28—Shaping operations therefor
- B29C70/40—Shaping or impregnating by compression not applied
- B29C70/42—Shaping or impregnating by compression not applied for producing articles of definite length, i.e. discrete articles
- B29C70/46—Shaping or impregnating by compression not applied for producing articles of definite length, i.e. discrete articles using matched moulds, e.g. for deforming sheet moulding compounds [SMC] or prepregs
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
- B29K2101/00—Use of unspecified macromolecular compounds as moulding material
- B29K2101/12—Thermoplastic materials
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
- B29K2105/00—Condition, form or state of moulded material or of the material to be shaped
- B29K2105/06—Condition, form or state of moulded material or of the material to be shaped containing reinforcements, fillers or inserts
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
- B29K2305/00—Use of metals, their alloys or their compounds, as reinforcement
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
- B29K2307/00—Use of elements other than metals as reinforcement
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
- B29K2705/00—Use of metals, their alloys or their compounds, for preformed parts, e.g. for inserts
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29L—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS B29C, RELATING TO PARTICULAR ARTICLES
- B29L2031/00—Other particular articles
- B29L2031/30—Vehicles, e.g. ships or aircraft, or body parts thereof
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
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- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
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- Structural Engineering (AREA)
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- Moulding By Coating Moulds (AREA)
Abstract
Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Karosserie- oder Fahrwerkbauteils, welches wenigstens einen metallischen Grundkörper (2, 6) und wenigstens ein Verstärkungsteil (4, 4a; 7, 7a) aus einem Faser-Kunststoff-Verbund aufweist, wobei das wenigstens eine Verstärkungsteil (4, 4a; 7, 7a) mit dem wenigstens einen metallischen Grundkörper (2, 6) über einen Klebstoff verbunden wird, wobei die Härtung des Klebstoffes zumindest teilweise unter Ausnutzung der Restwärme aus einem vorhergehenden Warmumformvorgang des wenigstens einen Grundkörpers (2, 6) erfolgt, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Restwärme zu Beginn des Klebens in einem Temperaturbereich von 100°C bis 200°C liegt.Method for producing a body or chassis component, which has at least one metallic main body (2, 6) and at least one reinforcing part (4, 4a; 7, 7a) made of a fiber-plastic composite, wherein the at least one reinforcing part (4, 4a 7, 7a) is connected to the at least one metallic base body (2, 6) via an adhesive, wherein the hardening of the adhesive takes place at least partially by utilizing the residual heat from a preceding hot forming process of the at least one base body (2, 6) in that the residual heat at the beginning of the gluing is in a temperature range of 100 ° C to 200 ° C.
Description
Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zur Herstellung von Karosserie- und Fahrwerkbauteilen gemäß den Merkmalen in den Oberbegriffen der Patentansprüche 1 und 11 sowie entsprechende Karosserie- oder Fahrwerkbauteile hergestellt nach dem Verfahren gemäß Patentanspruch 1 oder 11.The invention relates to a method for the production of body and chassis components according to the features in the preambles of
Es ist bekannt, Karosserie- oder Fahrwerkbauteile in Hybridbauweise herzustellen, das heißt einen metallischen Grundkörper mit einem faserverstärkten Kunststoff zumindest bereichsweise zu verstärken, um leichte Strukturen mit verbessertem Crashverhalten kostengünstig herzustellen. Neben den mechanischen und klebetechnischen Verfahren sind auch Möglichkeiten des direkten, formschlüssigen Verspritzens des Kunststoffs bekannt.It is known to produce body or chassis components in hybrid construction, that is to reinforce a metallic body with a fiber-reinforced plastic at least partially, to produce lightweight structures with improved crash performance cost. In addition to the mechanical and adhesive techniques and possibilities of direct, positive injection molding of the plastic are known.
Aus der gattungsbildenden
Die Herstellung von Hybridbauteilen ist fertigungstechnisch relativ aufwendig, da die einzelnen Bauteile miteinander verbunden werden müssen und insbesondere bei Verwendung von Faser-Kunststoff-Verbunden Aushärtezeiten und Klebezeiten zu berücksichtigen sind, welche sich in der Fertigung negativ auf die Taktzeit auswirken.The production of hybrid components manufacturing technology is relatively expensive, since the individual components must be connected to each other and in particular when using fiber-plastic composites hardening times and bonding times are taken into account, which have a negative impact on the cycle time in the production.
Hiervon ausgehend liegt der Erfindung die Aufgabe zugrunde, ein Verfahren zur Herstellung von Karosserie- oder Fahrwerkbauteilen mit den Merkmalen in den Oberbegriffen der Patentansprüche 1 und 11 aufzuzeigen, bei welchem die Verbindungstechnik besser in den Herstellungsprozess integriert ist und Taktzeiten reduziert werden können.Proceeding from this, the present invention seeks to provide a method for producing body or chassis components with the features in the preambles of
Diese Aufgabe ist bei den Verfahren gemäß Patentanspruch 1 und 11 gelöst.This object is achieved in the method according to
Vorteilhafte Weiterbildungen sind Gegenstand der jeweils abhängigen Unteransprüche.Advantageous developments are the subject of the respective dependent claims.
Patentanspruch 18 betrifft Karosserie- und Fahrwerkbauteile, die nach einem der Verfahren gemäß Patentanspruch 1 oder 12 hergestellt sind.Claim 18 relates to body and chassis components, which are produced by one of the methods according to
Ein Verstärkungsteil aus einem Faser-Kunststoff-Verbund benötigt eine bestimmte Aushärtungszeit, die entweder für die Härtung des Klebstoffs oder für die Härtung der Matrix des Verstärkungsteils erforderlich ist. Die Aushärtung des Klebstoffs oder auch der Matrix kann durch eine Temperaturerhöhung beschleunigt werden. Das bedingt jedoch eine Energiezufuhr. Bei der Erfindung ist nunmehr vorgesehen, dass die in der Regel warmumgeformten metallischen Grundkörper beispielsweise in Form einer A-, B- oder C-Säule, eines Dachseitenrahmens, eines Schwellers oder eines Stoßfängerquerträgers im Anschluss an den Warmumformvorgang mit dem Verstärkungsteil verbunden werden, wobei der zeitliche Abstand zwischen der Warmumformung und dem Beginn des Verklebens so gering ist, dass die Restwärme des wenigstens einen metallischen Grundkörpers, der mit dem Verstärkungsteil verbunden wird, zu einer festen Verbindung zwischen dem Verstärkungsteil und dem wenigstens einen metallischen Grundkörper führt. Ziel ist es, einen möglichst raschen und festen Verbund zwischen dem wenigstens einen metallischen Grundkörper und dem Verstärkungsteil zu schaffen, um zumindest sicherzustellen, dass das Verstärkungsteil bis zum nächsten Fertigungsschritt, der beispielsweise in einer kathodischen Elektrotauchlackierung zu sehen ist, hinreichend fixiert ist. Gerade die Fixierung vor dem kathodischen Elektrotauchlackieren ist von besonderer Bedeutung, da auf dem Markt befindliche Lösungen wie konventionelle, zum kathodischen Elektrotauchlackieren geeignete Epoxidharz-Klebstoffe, in einem separaten Fertigungsschritt bis zum Beginn des kathodischen Elektrotauchlackierens fixiert werden müssen.A reinforcing member made of a fiber-plastic composite requires a certain curing time, which is required either for the curing of the adhesive or for curing the matrix of the reinforcing member. The curing of the adhesive or the matrix can be accelerated by increasing the temperature. However, this requires an energy input. In the invention, it is now provided that the usually hot-formed metallic base body, for example in the form of an A, B or C-pillar, a roof side frame, a sill or a bumper cross member are connected to the reinforcing member following the hot forming process, wherein the time interval between the hot forming and the beginning of bonding is so low that the residual heat of the at least one metallic base body, which is connected to the reinforcing member, leads to a firm connection between the reinforcing member and the at least one metallic base body. The aim is to provide as fast and as firm a bond between the at least one metallic base body and the reinforcing member to at least ensure that the reinforcing member is sufficiently fixed until the next manufacturing step, which is seen for example in a cathodic electrodeposition coating. Especially the fixation before the cathodic electrodeposition coating is of particular importance, since solutions on the market such as conventional, suitable for cathodic electrodeposition epoxy resin adhesives must be fixed in a separate manufacturing step to the beginning of cathodic electrodeposition.
Andere Lösungen, wie das Direkteinspritzen des Faser-Kunststoff-Verbunds sind hingegen noch aufwendiger und setzen eine teure Prozesstechnik voraus. Das Verkleben der Bauteile wird daher als das effizienteste und kostengünstigste Verfahren in der Serienfertigung angesehen.Other solutions, such as the direct injection of fiber-plastic composite, however, are even more complex and require an expensive process technology. Bonding of the components is therefore considered to be the most efficient and cost effective method in mass production.
Zur Realisierung der Verbindung zwischen dem wenigstens einen Verstärkungsteil und dem wenigstens einen metallischen Grundkörper wird die Restwärme des Warmumformvorgangs wenigstens eines der genannten metallischen Grundkörper genutzt, so dass entweder ein zwischen dem metallischen Grundkörper und dem Verstärkungsteil angeordneter Klebstoff oder eine entsprechende Matrix des Verstärkungsteils aushärtet oder bei geeigneter Materialwahl sogar beide aushärten.To realize the connection between the at least one reinforcing part and the at least one metallic base body, the residual heat of the hot forming process of at least one of said metallic base body is used, so that either an adhesive arranged between the metallic base body and the reinforcing member or a corresponding matrix of the reinforcing member hardens or at suitable material choice even cure both.
Im Rahmen der Erfindung ist es grundsätzlich möglich, das Verstärkungsteil zwischen zwei metallische Grundkörper einzubetten, so dass gewissermaßen eine Sandwichstruktur entsteht. Wenigstens einer der metallischen Grundkörper weist dabei eine hinreichende Restwärme auf, die zur Härtung des Klebstoffs beiträgt. Für eine vollständige Aushärtung des Klebstoffs kann eine separate Wärmezufuhr erforderlich sein. Die zuzuführende Wärmemenge ist jedoch geringer, wenn bereits die Restwärme aus dem vorhergehenden Warmumformvorgang ausgenutzt werden kann und daher zumindest eine sichere Fixierung des Verstärkungsteils ermöglicht wird.In the context of the invention, it is basically possible to embed the reinforcing member between two metallic base body, so that in a sense creates a sandwich structure. At least one of the metallic base body has a sufficient residual heat, which contributes to the curing of the adhesive. For a complete curing of the adhesive, a separate heat supply may be required. The amount of heat to be supplied is but lower, if already the residual heat from the previous hot forming process can be exploited and therefore at least a secure fixation of the reinforcing member is made possible.
Das Verstärkungsteil ist insbesondere von gestapelten, das heißt von mehrlagig angeordneten und mit einem härtbaren Kunstharz vorimprägnierten Faserstoffen, den sogenannten Prepregs gebildet. Bei den Prepregs werden die Verstärkungsfasern exakt orientiert und mit der Harzmatrix kombiniert. Der Fasertyp bestimmt im Wesentlichen die Festigkeit, das E-Modul und andere wichtige Eigenschaften des Faser-Kunststoff-Verbunds. Die gebräuchlichsten Ausgangsstoffe sind Glas-, Aramid-, Graphit- und insbesondere Carbonfasern in Verbindung mit Epoxid- und Phenolharzen. Beim Erwärmen der Prepregs verflüssigt sich das Kunstharz für einen kurzen Zeitraum, wobei die Fasern des Faser-Kunststoff-Verbunds durchtränkt werden. Anschließend beginnt das Kunstharz zu härten. Prepregs haben eine lange Haltbarkeit und eine hohe Lagerfähigkeit. Die chemische Beständigkeit ebenso wie Temperatur- und Witterungsbeständigkeit ist hoch.The reinforcing member is formed in particular of stacked, that is of multi-layered and pre-impregnated with a curable synthetic resin fibers, the so-called prepregs. In prepregs, the reinforcing fibers are exactly oriented and combined with the resin matrix. The fiber type essentially determines the strength, modulus of elasticity and other important properties of the fiber-plastic composite. The most common starting materials are glass, aramid, graphite and especially carbon fibers in conjunction with epoxy and phenolic resins. As the prepregs are heated, the resin liquefies for a short period of time, saturating the fibers of the fiber-plastic composite. Then the resin begins to harden. Prepregs have a long shelf life and a high shelf life. The chemical resistance as well as temperature and weather resistance is high.
Die Verbindung eines derartig hergestellten Verstärkungsteils mit dem Grundkörper kann dadurch erfolgen, dass Klebstoff auf den wenigstens einen Grundkörper aufgetragen wird und anschließend das Verstärkungsteil auf den mit Klebstoff versehenen Bereichen platziert wird. Der Klebstoff kann mittels Roboter aufgetragen werden oder alternativ als abschließende Außenlage bei einem entsprechenden Gewebe einen Klebefilm bilden. Das heißt, der Klebstoff ist auf die einem Grundkörper zugewandte Seite des Verstärkungsteils aufgetragen. Das bedeutet, dass in einem Prepreg-Stapel unterschiedliche Prepregs verwendet werden. Zumindest ein äußeres, mit dem Grundkörper zu verbindendes Prepreg kann mit einer Klebstoffimprägnierung oder mit einer nach außen weisenden Klebstoffbeschichtung versehen sein.The connection of a reinforcing part produced in this way to the main body can be effected by applying adhesive to the at least one main body and subsequently placing the reinforcing part on the areas provided with adhesive. The adhesive can be applied by means of a robot or, alternatively, form an adhesive film as a final outer layer for a corresponding tissue. That is, the adhesive is applied to the body facing a side of the reinforcing member. This means that different prepregs are used in a prepreg stack. At least one outer prepreg to be bonded to the base body may be provided with an adhesive impregnation or an outwardly facing adhesive coating.
Das Verfahren zur Herstellung des Karosserie- oder Fahrwerkbauteils gliedert sich also in folgende Schritte:
Zunächst werden mehrere Prepregs gestapelt, die vor oder nach dem Stapeln entsprechend der gewünschten Geometrie des wenigstens einen Grundkörpers zuschnitten werden. Anschließend wird das gestapelte Prepreg in einem separaten formgebenden Verfahren zu einer dreidimensionalen Vorform umgeformt. Dieser vorgeformte, dreidimensionale Körper, die Vorform, wird mit einem Klebstoff beschichtet bzw. der Grundkörper wird mit einem Klebstoff versehen. Anschließend wird die Vorform und der wenigstens eine durch den vorhergenden Warmumformvorgang noch warme Grundkörper miteinander verpresst, wobei das Härten des Klebstoffs beginnt. Anschließend werden die Bauteile entweder ausgelagert, um das vollständige Aushärten zu erreichen bzw. um durch Temperaturerhöhung das Aushärten zu beschleunigen. Die Restwärme zu Beginn des Klebens liegt in einem Temperaturbereich von 100°C bis 200°C.The method for producing the body or chassis component is thus divided into the following steps:
First, several prepregs are stacked, which are cut before or after stacking according to the desired geometry of at least one body. Subsequently, the stacked prepreg is formed into a three-dimensional preform in a separate molding process. This preformed, three-dimensional body, the preform, is coated with an adhesive or the base body is provided with an adhesive. Subsequently, the preform and the at least one by the previous hot forming process still warm body is pressed together, wherein the curing of the adhesive begins. Subsequently, the components are either outsourced to achieve complete curing or to accelerate by increasing the temperature curing. The residual heat at the beginning of the gluing is in a temperature range of 100 ° C to 200 ° C.
Als Alternative zum separaten Auftragen eines Klebstoffs auf den Grundkörper oder die Vorform ist vorgesehen, dass ein äußeres, mit dem wenigstens einen Grundkörper zu verbindendes Prepreg bzw. eine Prepreglage der Vorform mit einer Klebstoffimprägnierung oder mit einer nach außen weisenden Klebstoffbeschichtung versehen ist. Auf diese Weise entfällt zumindest das separate Auftragen eines Klebstoffs auf den Grundkörper.As an alternative to the separate application of an adhesive to the base body or the preform, it is provided that an outer prepreg to be bonded to the at least one base body or a prepreg layer of the preform is provided with an adhesive impregnation or an outwardly facing adhesive coating. In this way, at least eliminates the separate application of an adhesive to the body.
Das Verkleben des Faser-Kunststoff-Verbunds mit dem Grundkörper erfolgt grundsätzlich in einer zweiteiligen Pressform, wohingegen die Aushärtung des Klebstoffs außerhalb der Pressform insbesondere bei Raumtemperatur erfolgt.The bonding of the fiber-plastic composite with the base body is basically in a two-part mold, whereas the curing of the adhesive takes place outside the mold, especially at room temperature.
Bei Karosserie- oder Fahrwerkbauteilen, die in Sandwichbauweise hergestellt werden, das heißt bei welchen zwischen zwei metallischen Grundkörpern ein Verstärkungsteil aus einem Faser-Kunststoff-Verbund eingebettet ist, kann eine zusätzliche stoffschlüssige Fixierung durch Laserschweißen oder Punktschweißen erfolgen, wobei diese Art der stoffschlüssigen Fixierung insbesondere in Bereichen mit geringer Umformung erfolgt. Diese Bereiche können anschließend einem weiteren Umformschritt unterzogen werden. Mehrere derartiger Verbundbauteile können in weiteren Fertigungsschritten miteinander verbunden werden, so dass nach dem Fügen dieser Karosserie- oder Fahrwerkbauteile eine Art Sandwichstruktur entsteht. Ziel ist es, eine belastungsangepasste Leichtbauweise von insbesondere crashrelevanten Karosserie- und Fahrwerkbauteilen aufzuzeigen.In the case of body or chassis components which are manufactured in a sandwich construction, that is to say in which a reinforcing part made of a fiber-plastic composite is embedded between two metallic basic bodies, an additional cohesive fixation can be effected by laser welding or spot welding, this type of cohesive fixation in particular occurs in areas with low deformation. These areas can then be subjected to a further forming step. Several such composite components can be connected to each other in further manufacturing steps, so that after joining these body or chassis components creates a kind of sandwich structure. The aim is to show a load-adapted lightweight construction of especially crash-relevant body and chassis components.
Bei den metallischen Grundkörpern kann es sich um Stahl-, Magnesium-, Titan- oder Aluminiumstrukturen handeln.The metallic base bodies may be steel, magnesium, titanium or aluminum structures.
Mit dem erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren lassen sich besonders vorteilhaft hochbelastete Fahrwerkbauteile verstärken. Erfahrungsgemäß kommt es bei einem Seitencrash eines Personenkraftwagens zu erheblichen Zugspannungen im mittleren Bereich der B-Säule in Richtung Schweller und Dachseitenrahmen. Gerade im Bereich der B-Säule können Verstärkungsteile mit entsprechender Faserorientierung auf sehr kostengünstige und effiziente Weise als Verstärkungen integriert werden. Das Verstärkungsteil kann entweder als Halbzeug gefertigt werden oder als Prepreg aufgelegt werden.The method according to the invention makes it possible to reinforce highly stressed chassis components particularly advantageously. Experience has shown that it comes in a side impact of a passenger car to considerable tensile stresses in the middle region of the B-pillar in the direction of sill and roof side frame. Especially in the area of the B-pillar reinforcement parts can be integrated with appropriate fiber orientation in a very cost effective and efficient way as reinforcements. The reinforcing member can be made either as semi-finished or be placed as a prepreg.
Für die Verbindungstechnik, das heißt Verkleben, können sowohl Einkomponenten(1K)- als auch Zweikomponenten(2K)-Systeme genutzt werden. Im Gegensatz zu den 1K-Systemen bieten 2K-Systeme die Möglichkeit einer belastungsgerechteren Auslegung der Verbindung. Eine besondere Anforderung an den Kleber ist die sogenannte KTL-Fähigkeit (KTL = kathodisches Elektrotauchlackieren). Die bislang verwendeten KTL-fähigen 1K-Epoxidharz(EP)-Klebstoffsysteme sind aufgrund ihrer hohen Scherzugfestigkeit bei einer Verbindung eines Verstärkungsteils aus einem Faser-Kunststoff-Verbund mit Stahl aufgrund unterschiedlicher Wärmeausdehnungskoeffizienten als kritisch zu beurteilen. Es wird daher als vorteilhaft angesehen, wenn 2K-Polyurethan(PU)-Klebstoffe zum Einsatz kommen, mit welchen die Energieaufnahme und das maximale Kraftniveau besser einstellbar sind. Der Vorteil der Verwendung von 2K-PU-Klebstoffen ist, dass bei vergleichbaren Crasheigenschaften ein einfacherer Ausgleich der Wärmeausdehnungsproblematik durch die dickeren und flexibleren Klebstoffsysteme erzielt werden kann. Ein großer Vorzug von 2K-PU-Klebstoffen liegt in der Möglichkeit, die Reaktion durch einen Beschleuniger zu beeinflussen, um die Härtezeiten zu verkürzen, was sich ebenfalls positiv auf die Taktzeit des Herstellungsverfahrens auswirkt. Auch 2K-EP-Klebstoffe sind zur Warmaushärtung geeignet.For the bonding technique, ie bonding, both one-component (1K) - as also two-component (2K) systems can be used. In contrast to the 1K systems, 2K systems offer the possibility of a more load-balanced design of the connection. A special requirement for the adhesive is the so-called KTL capability (cathodic electrocoating KTL). Due to their high shear tensile strength, the KTL-compatible 1K epoxy resin (EP) adhesive systems used hitherto can be regarded as critical when connecting a reinforcing part made of a fiber-plastic composite with steel due to different thermal expansion coefficients. It is therefore considered advantageous if 2-component polyurethane (PU) adhesives are used, with which the energy absorption and the maximum strength level are better adjustable. The advantage of using 2K PU adhesives is that with comparable crash properties, a simpler compensation of the thermal expansion problem can be achieved by the thicker and more flexible adhesive systems. A great advantage of 2K PU adhesives is the ability to influence the reaction by an accelerator to shorten the cure times, which also has a positive effect on the cycle time of the manufacturing process. 2-component EP adhesives are also suitable for hot curing.
Grundsätzlich erfolgt bei der Verwendung eines Klebstoffs nicht nur eine Erwärmung des Klebstoffs, sondern auch der Matrix, so dass bei entsprechenden Matrix-Kunststoffen auch eine zumindest teilweise Härtung der Polymermatrix erfolgt. Dadurch wird natürlich die Auslagerungszeit weiter reduziert.Basically, when using an adhesive not only a heating of the adhesive, but also the matrix, so that in the case of corresponding matrix plastics, at least partial curing of the polymer matrix takes place. As a result, of course, the outsourcing time is further reduced.
Ein weiterer Ansatz, das Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Karosserie- und Fahrwerkbauteils zu verbessern, wird darin gesehen, die Restwärme aus einem vorhergehenden Warmumformvorgang des wenigstens einen Grundkörpers zur Härtung der polymeren Matrix des Faser-Kunststoff-Verbunds zu nutzen. Auch bei dieser Vorgehensweise liegt die Restwärme zu Beginn des Härtens in einem Temperaturbereich von 100°C bis 200°C. Auch lassen sich die oben beschrieben Sandwichbauteile durch die Anordnung eines Faser-Kunststoff-Verbunds zwischen zwei Grundkörpern herstellen, die ebenfalls zusätzlich stoffschlüssig insbesondere durch Punktschweißen miteinander verbunden werden können. Auch die Verwendung von Prepregs mit entsprechender Matrix einschließlich der Herstellung von dreidimensionalen Vorformen ist analog zu dem eingangs beschriebenen Verfahren möglich, bei welchem die Restwärme zur Härtung des Klebstoffs verwendet worden ist.Another approach to improve the method of making a body and chassis component is to utilize the residual heat from a previous hot working operation of the at least one body to cure the polymeric matrix of the fiber-plastic composite. Even with this procedure, the residual heat at the beginning of curing in a temperature range of 100 ° C to 200 ° C. Also, the sandwich components described above can be produced by the arrangement of a fiber-plastic composite between two basic bodies, which can also be additionally bonded cohesively in particular by spot welding. Also, the use of prepregs with appropriate matrix including the production of three-dimensional preforms is possible analogously to the method described above, in which the residual heat has been used to cure the adhesive.
Der Matrix-Kunststoff ist typischerweise ein Duroplast, wie z. B. Epoxidharz. Die Matrix sollte neben dem (härtbaren) Duroplast noch einen (nicht härtbaren) Thermoplasten enthalten, das heißt thermoplastmodifiziert ausgebildet sein. Auf diese Weise ist es möglich, auf den Einsatz von Klebstoff zu verzichten, da der Verbund zwischen dem Verstärkungsteil und dem wenigstens einen Grundkörper durch das als Klebstoff fungierende Matrixsystem realisiert wird.The matrix plastic is typically a thermoset, such as. B. epoxy. In addition to the (curable) thermoset, the matrix should also contain a (non-hardenable) thermoplastic, that is to say be thermoplast-modified. In this way it is possible to dispense with the use of adhesive, since the bond between the reinforcing member and the at least one base body is realized by acting as an adhesive matrix system.
Die Erfindung wird nachfolgend anhand der in den Figuren dargestellten Ausführungsbeispiele näher erläutert.
Die Verbindung erfolgt durch Ausnutzung der Restwärme aus einem vorhergehenden Warmumformvorgang des Grundkörpers.The connection is made by utilizing the residual heat from a previous hot forming process of the body.
Das Ausführungsbeispiel der
Die gleichen Prinzipien, wie sie bei der Stoßfängeranordnung
BezugszeichenlisteLIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS
- 11
- Stoßfängeranordnungbumper assembly
- 22
- metallischer Grundkörpermetallic body
- 33
- Crashboxcrash box
- 44
- Verstärkungsteilreinforcing part
- 4a4a
- Verstärkungsteilreinforcing part
- 55
- B-Säulen-AnordnungB-pillar assembly
- 66
- metallischer Grundkörpermetallic body
- 77
- Verstärkungsteilreinforcing part
- 7a7a
- Verstärkungsteilreinforcing part
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DE102014014261A1 (en) | 2014-09-25 | 2015-07-30 | Daimler Ag | Body structural element for a vehicle body of a motor vehicle |
WO2016091459A1 (en) | 2014-12-11 | 2016-06-16 | Thyssenkrupp Steel Europe Ag | Composite component and method for the production and use thereof |
DE102022119237B3 (en) | 2022-08-01 | 2023-06-29 | Bayerische Motoren Werke Aktiengesellschaft | Side skirts for a passenger car body, passenger car body, passenger car |
WO2024028031A1 (en) | 2022-08-01 | 2024-02-08 | Bayerische Motoren Werke Aktiengesellschaft | Side sill for a passenger-vehicle body, passenger-vehicle body, passenger vehicle, and method |
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