DE102006057662A1 - Vehicle, has combustion engine and thermoelectric generator and heat exchanger has heating elements, which are arranged in exhaust gas channel of combustion engine and is pass or flow through exhaust gas - Google Patents

Vehicle, has combustion engine and thermoelectric generator and heat exchanger has heating elements, which are arranged in exhaust gas channel of combustion engine and is pass or flow through exhaust gas Download PDF

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DE102006057662A1
DE102006057662A1 DE102006057662A DE102006057662A DE102006057662A1 DE 102006057662 A1 DE102006057662 A1 DE 102006057662A1 DE 102006057662 A DE102006057662 A DE 102006057662A DE 102006057662 A DE102006057662 A DE 102006057662A DE 102006057662 A1 DE102006057662 A1 DE 102006057662A1
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Prior art keywords
heat exchanger
exhaust gas
vehicle according
air
flow
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DE102006057662A
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German (de)
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Rainer Dr. Richter
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Bayerische Motoren Werke AG
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Bayerische Motoren Werke AG
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D7/00—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall
    • F28D7/16—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall the conduits being arranged in parallel spaced relation
    • F28D7/1615—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall the conduits being arranged in parallel spaced relation the conduits being inside a casing and extending at an angle to the longitudinal axis of the casing; the conduits crossing the conduit for the other heat exchange medium
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N5/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus combined or associated with devices profiting by exhaust energy
    • F01N5/02—Exhaust or silencing apparatus combined or associated with devices profiting by exhaust energy the devices using heat
    • F01N5/025—Exhaust or silencing apparatus combined or associated with devices profiting by exhaust energy the devices using heat the device being thermoelectric generators
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D7/00—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall
    • F28D7/0008—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall the conduits for one medium being in heat conductive contact with the conduits for the other medium
    • F28D7/0025—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall the conduits for one medium being in heat conductive contact with the conduits for the other medium the conduits for one medium or the conduits for both media being flat tubes or arrays of tubes
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F9/00—Casings; Header boxes; Auxiliary supports for elements; Auxiliary members within casings
    • F28F9/02—Header boxes; End plates
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F9/00—Casings; Header boxes; Auxiliary supports for elements; Auxiliary members within casings
    • F28F9/02—Header boxes; End plates
    • F28F9/026—Header boxes; End plates with static flow control means, e.g. with means for uniformly distributing heat exchange media into conduits
    • F28F9/0263—Header boxes; End plates with static flow control means, e.g. with means for uniformly distributing heat exchange media into conduits by varying the geometry or cross-section of header box
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H10N—ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H10N10/00—Thermoelectric devices comprising a junction of dissimilar materials, i.e. devices exhibiting Seebeck or Peltier effects
    • H10N10/10—Thermoelectric devices comprising a junction of dissimilar materials, i.e. devices exhibiting Seebeck or Peltier effects operating with only the Peltier or Seebeck effects
    • H10N10/17—Thermoelectric devices comprising a junction of dissimilar materials, i.e. devices exhibiting Seebeck or Peltier effects operating with only the Peltier or Seebeck effects characterised by the structure or configuration of the cell or thermocouple forming the device
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2240/00—Combination or association of two or more different exhaust treating devices, or of at least one such device with an auxiliary device, not covered by indexing codes F01N2230/00 or F01N2250/00, one of the devices being
    • F01N2240/02—Combination or association of two or more different exhaust treating devices, or of at least one such device with an auxiliary device, not covered by indexing codes F01N2230/00 or F01N2250/00, one of the devices being a heat exchanger
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D21/00—Heat-exchange apparatus not covered by any of the groups F28D1/00 - F28D20/00
    • F28D21/0001—Recuperative heat exchangers
    • F28D21/0003—Recuperative heat exchangers the heat being recuperated from exhaust gases
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F9/00—Casings; Header boxes; Auxiliary supports for elements; Auxiliary members within casings
    • F28F9/02—Header boxes; End plates
    • F28F2009/0285—Other particular headers or end plates
    • F28F2009/0297—Side headers, e.g. for radiators having conduits laterally connected to common header
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/10—Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
    • Y02T10/12—Improving ICE efficiencies

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Geometry (AREA)
  • Air-Conditioning For Vehicles (AREA)

Abstract

Vehicle has combustion engine and thermoelectric generator. A heat exchanger (1) has heating elements, which are thermally connected with receiving elements of the thermoelectric generator. The heating element arranged in the exhaust gas channel of the combustion engine and is pass or flow through exhaust gas.

Description

Die vorliegende Erfindung betrifft ein Fahrzeug mit einem thermoelektrischen Generator gemäß den Merkmalen des Patentanspruches 1.The The present invention relates to a vehicle having a thermoelectric Generator according to the features of claim 1.

Unter dem Begriff "thermoelektrischer Generator" wird in der vorliegenden Patentanmeldung eine Vorrichtung verstanden, die mit einer Wärmequelle und einer Wärmesenke in thermischer Verbindung steht und die aus der Temperaturdifferenz unter Ausnutzung des aus der Physik bekannten "Seebeck-Effekts" eine elektrische Spannung bzw. einen elektrischen Strom erzeugt. Bei einem thermoelektrischen Generator handelt es sich also im Prinzip um eine physikalisch umgekehrt arbeitende „Peltier-Anordnung".Under the term "thermoelectric Generator "will in the present patent application means a device with a heat source and a heat sink is in thermal communication and that from the temperature difference taking advantage of the known from physics "Seebeck effect" an electrical voltage or a generates electricity. In a thermoelectric generator So it is in principle a physically reversed "Peltier arrangement".

Ein thermoelektrischer Generator weist zwei unterschiedliche Halbleitermaterialien auf, die ähnlich wie in der Prinzip-Darstellung der 6 gezeigt ist, thermisch und elektrisch leitend miteinander verbunden sind. Setzt man diese Materialpaarung einer Temperaturdifferenz zwischen einer Wärmequelle und einer Wärmesenke aus, bildet sich zwischen den beiden Materialschenkeln eine elektrische Spannung (Thermospannung). Durch Kombination einer Vielzahl solcher Elemente können mit einer entsprechend leistungsfähigen Wärmequelle wirtschaftlich nutzbare elektrische Leistungen erzielt werden.A thermoelectric generator has two different semiconductor materials which, similar to the principle representation of the 6 is shown, thermally and electrically conductively connected to each other. If one sets this combination of materials of a temperature difference between a heat source and a heat sink, forms an electrical voltage (thermoelectric voltage) between the two material legs. By combining a plurality of such elements can be achieved with a correspondingly efficient heat source economically useful electrical services.

Bei modernen Straßenfahrzeugen mit Verbrennungsmotor werden gegenwärtig etwa zwei Drittel der im Kraftstoff enthaltenen Energie in Form von Wärme an die Umgebung abgegeben. Diese Energie geht unwiederbringlich verloren. Lediglich ein Drittel der im Kraftstoff enthaltenen Energie wird für den Vortrieb des Fahrzeugs genutzt.at modern road vehicles with combustion engine are currently about two thirds of the The energy contained in the fuel is released into the environment in the form of heat. This energy is irretrievably lost. Only one third of the Energy contained in the fuel is used to propel the vehicle used.

Aufgabe der Erfindung ist es, ein Fahrzeug mit einem Verbrennungsmotor zu schaffen, das einen größeren Anteil der im Kraftstoff enthaltenen Energie nutzt.task The invention is to provide a vehicle with an internal combustion engine manage that, a larger share uses the energy contained in the fuel.

Diese Aufgabe wird durch die Merkmale des Patentanspruches 1 gelöst. Vorteilhafte Ausgestaltungen und Weiterbildungen der Erfindung sind den Unteransprüchen zu entnehmen.These The object is solved by the features of claim 1. advantageous Refinements and developments of the invention are the dependent claims remove.

Der Erfindung liegt die Idee zugrunde, einen Teil der über das Abgas vom Verbrennungsmotor abgegebenen Wärmeleistung mittels eines thermoelektrischen Generators, der als Wärmequelle das Abgas und als Wärmesenke Umgebungsluft nutzt, in elektrische Leistung umzuwandeln.Of the Invention is based on the idea of a part of the above Exhaust gas emitted by the internal combustion engine heat output by means of a thermoelectric Generator, as a heat source the exhaust and as a heat sink Ambient air uses to convert into electrical power.

Ein solches Fahrzeug mit Verbrennungsmotor weist also einen thermoelektrischen Generator auf mit mindestens einem von einer Wärmequelle Wärme aufnehmenden Element und mindestens einem an eine Wärmesenke Wärme abgebenden Element, sowie zwei elektrische Anschlüsse, über die der thermoelektrische Generator elektrische Energie abgeben kann. Ferner ist ein Wärmetauscher vorgesehen, der "Heizelemente" aufweist, welche thermisch mit dem mindestens einen Wärme aufnehmenden Element des thermoelektrischen Generators verbunden sind, und "Kühlelemente", die thermisch mit dem mindestens einen Wärme abgebenden Element des ther moelektrischen Generators verbunden sind. Die Heizelemente des Wärmetauschers sind im Abgaskanal des Verbrennungsmotors angeordnet und werden von heißem Abgas durch- bzw. umströmt. Die Kühlelemente werden mit kühler Luft durch- bzw. umströmt.One Such a vehicle with internal combustion engine thus has a thermoelectric Generator on with at least one of a heat source heat receiving element and at least one to a heat sink Give off heat Element, as well as two electrical connections, via which the thermoelectric Generator can deliver electrical energy. Further, a heat exchanger provided, which has "heating elements", which thermally with the at least one heat receiving element of the thermoelectric generator, and "cooling elements" thermally connected to the at least one Give off heat Element of ther moelektrischen generator are connected. The heating elements of the heat exchanger are arranged in the exhaust passage of the internal combustion engine and are of hot Exhaust gas flows through or around. The cooling elements become cooler Air flows through or around.

Mit der Erfindung werden insbesondere folgende Vorteile erreicht:

  • – Die Erfindung trägt zur Verbesserung der Gesamtenergiebilanz des Fahrzeugs bei, da im Abgas des Verbrennungsmotors enthaltene Wärmeenergie rekuperiert wird, die ansonsten verloren geht.
  • – Die Nutzungsmöglichkeiten der rekuperierten Wärmeenergie sind vielfältig. Im einfachsten Fall wird der konventionelle Generator (Lichtmaschine) entlastet und damit Kraftstoff gespart.
  • – Es ist aber auch möglich, die rekuperierte elektrische Energie in der Batterie zwischenzuspeichern.
  • – Insbesondere im Winter unterstützt der thermoelektrische Generator das Bordnetz, wenn eine Vielzahl elektrischer Verbraucher (z.B. Heizung, PTC, Sitzheizung) das Bordnetz stark belasten.
  • – Im Falle eines elektrifizierten Antriebsstrangs (Hybrid-Fahrzeug) kann die rekuperierte Wärmeenergie auch zum Antrieb eines Elektromotors eingesetzt werden, wodurch der Verbrennungsmotor entlastet wird und der Kraftstoffverbrauch sinkt.
  • – Ein wesentlicher Vorteil eines luftgekühlten thermoelektrischen Generators ist darin zu sehen, dass der Systemaufwand im Vergleich zu einer Wasserkühlung deutlich geringer ausfällt. Auf Kühlwasser leitungen im Unterbodenbereich, Zusatzkühler, etc. kann verzichtet werden.
  • – Im Vergleich zu einer Kühlmittelkühlung ist das Temperaturniveau der angesaugten Umgebungsluft deutlich niedriger, was sich günstig auf den Wirkungsgrad des thermoelektrischen Generators auswirkt.
The following advantages are achieved in particular with the invention:
  • - The invention contributes to the improvement of the overall energy balance of the vehicle, since contained in the exhaust gas of the internal combustion engine heat energy is recuperated, which is otherwise lost.
  • - The potential uses of recuperated heat energy are manifold. In the simplest case, the conventional generator (alternator) is relieved and thus saved fuel.
  • - But it is also possible to temporarily store the recuperated electrical energy in the battery.
  • - Especially in winter, the thermoelectric generator supports the vehicle electrical system when a large number of electrical consumers (eg heating, PTC, seat heating) heavily load the vehicle electrical system.
  • - In the case of an electrified powertrain (hybrid vehicle), the recuperated heat energy can also be used to drive an electric motor, whereby the engine is relieved and the fuel consumption decreases.
  • - A significant advantage of an air-cooled thermoelectric generator is the fact that the system cost is significantly lower compared to a water cooling. On cooling water lines in the underbody area, additional cooler, etc. can be omitted.
  • - Compared to a coolant cooling, the temperature level of the intake ambient air is much lower, which has a favorable effect on the efficiency of the thermoelectric generator.

Nach einer Weiterbildung der Erfindung weist der Wärmetauscher eine Vielzahl von abgasführenden Wärmeübertragungsrohren auf und eine Vielzahl quer dazu angeordneter luftführender Wärmeübertragungsrohre. Eine derartige "Kreuzstromwärmetauscheranordnung" ermöglicht eine weitgehende thermische Entkopplung der Zuführungen der Heiß- und Kaltseite, was den Vorteil hat, dass das zur Verfügung stehende Temperaturgefälle weitgehend voll für eine thermoelektrische Energieumwandlung genutzt werden kann.According to a development of the invention, the heat exchanger has a plurality of exhaust-carrying heat transfer tubes and a plurality of transversely arranged air-carrying heat transfer tubes. Such a "cross-flow heat exchanger arrangement" allows a substantial thermal decoupling of the feeds of the hot and cold side, which has the advantage that the Available temperature gradient can be largely fully used for a thermoelectric energy conversion.

Nach einer Weiterbildung der Erfindung sind die Heizelemente und die Kühlelemente des Wärmetauschers, die durch Rohre, z.B. durch Flachrohre gebildet sein können, abwechselnd stapelartig übereinander angeordnet. Dieses Anordnungsprinzip ermöglicht in sehr einfacher Weise einen skalierbaren "Stack-Aufbau", d.h. einen Aufbau, der einfach an verschiedene Fahrzeuge bzw. Bauraumverhältnisse sowie Leistungsbedarfe anpassbar ist.To a development of the invention, the heating elements and the cooling elements the heat exchanger, through pipes, e.g. can be formed by flat tubes, alternately stacked on top of each other arranged. This arrangement principle allows in a very simple manner a scalable "stack design", i. a structure, the easy to different vehicles or space conditions as well Performance requirements is customizable.

Im Folgenden wird die Erfindung im Zusammenhang mit der Zeichnung näher erläutert. Es zeigen:in the The invention will be explained in more detail in connection with the drawing. It demonstrate:

1–5 verschiedene Darstellungen eines Wärmetauschers mit integriertem thermoelektrischen Generator für ein Fahrzeug gemäß der Erfindung; 1 - 5 various views of a heat exchanger with integrated thermoelectric generator for a vehicle according to the invention;

6 das physikalische Grundprinzip eines thermoelektrischen Generators; und 6 the basic physical principle of a thermoelectric generator; and

7a, 7b ein weiteres Ausführungsbeispiel gemäß der Erfindung. 7a . 7b a further embodiment according to the invention.

1 zeigt einen Wärmetauscher 1 mit einem hier nicht näher dargestellten integrierten thermoelektrischen Generator. Der Wärmetauscher 1 weist ein Wärmetauschergehäuse 2 auf, in dem eine Vielzahl von abgasführenden Rohren, die vorzugsweise als Flachrohre ausgebildet sind, angeordnet sind. Die abgasführenden Rohre erstrecken sich in der durch den Pfeil 3 angedeuteten Strömungsrichtung des Abgases. An einer Vorderseite 4 des Wärmetauschergehäuses 2 sind zwei Einströmöffnungen 5, 6 angeordnet, die durch zwei diffusorartige Elemente 7, 8 gebildet sind. Die Strömungsquerschnitte der diffusorartigen Elemente 7, 8 zeichnen sich dadurch aus, dass sie in Strömungsrichtung 3 des Abgases, d.h. zum Wärmetauschergehäuse 2 hin zunehmen. Dadurch wird der Druckabfall des Abgases an der "Einströmseite", d.h. an der Vorderseite 4 des Wärmetauschers 1 minimiert. Über die diffusorartigen Elemente 7, 8 strömt das Abgas in den Wärmetauscher 1 und im Wärmetauscher durch eine Vielzahl abgasführender Rohre zu einer Rückseite 9 des Wärmetauschers 1 und von dort über zwei düsenartige Elemente 10, 11 aus dem Wärmetauscher 1 heraus. 1 shows a heat exchanger 1 with an integrated thermoelectric generator not shown here. The heat exchanger 1 has a heat exchanger housing 2 in, in which a plurality of exhaust-carrying pipes, which are preferably formed as flat tubes, are arranged. The exhaust gas pipes extend in the direction indicated by the arrow 3 indicated flow direction of the exhaust gas. At a front 4 the heat exchanger housing 2 are two inlet openings 5 . 6 arranged by two diffuser-like elements 7 . 8th are formed. The flow cross sections of the diffuser-like elements 7 . 8th are characterized by the fact that they are in the flow direction 3 the exhaust gas, ie to the heat exchanger housing 2 increase. Thereby, the pressure drop of the exhaust gas at the "inflow side", that is, at the front side 4 of the heat exchanger 1 minimized. About the diffuser-like elements 7 . 8th the exhaust gas flows into the heat exchanger 1 and in the heat exchanger through a plurality of exhaust gas pipes leading to a back 9 of the heat exchanger 1 and from there via two nozzle-like elements 10 . 11 from the heat exchanger 1 out.

Seitlich am Wärmetauschergehäuse 2 ist ein Lufteinströmkasten 12 und auf der gegenüberliegenden Seite ein Luftausströmkasten 13 angeordnet. Über einen fächerartig gestalteten Lufteintritt 14, der Fahrtluft aus dem Unterbodenbereich eines hier nicht näher dargestellten Fahrzeugs ansaugen kann, gelangt die Luft in den Lufteinströmkasten 12 und von dort in die luftführenden Rohre des Wärmetauschers 1, die sich in Richtung der Pfeile 15, d.h. quer zur Richtung der abgasführenden Rohre erstrecken. Der Lufteinströmkasten steht unmittelbar in Strömungsverbindung mit Einström-Enden der luftführenden Rohre. Wie aus 1 ersichtlich ist, verjüngt sich der Lufteinströmkasten 12 von der Vorderseite in Richtung zur Rückseite, was eine relativ gleichmäßige Versorgung der quer verlaufenden luftführenden Rohre mit Luft sicherstellen soll.Laterally on the heat exchanger housing 2 is an air intake box 12 and on the opposite side an air outlet box 13 arranged. Over a fan-shaped air intake 14 , which can suck in air from the underbody area of a vehicle not shown here, the air enters the Lufteinströmkasten 12 and from there into the air-carrying pipes of the heat exchanger 1 moving in the direction of the arrows 15 , ie extend transversely to the direction of the exhaust gas pipes. The air inflow box is directly in fluid communication with inflow ends of the air ducts. How out 1 can be seen, the Lufteinströmkasten tapers 12 from the front toward the rear, which is intended to ensure a relatively even supply of air to the transverse air ducts.

Wenn das Abgas die in Längsrichtung verlaufenden abgasführenden Rohre und die Luft die in Querrichtung verlaufenden luftführenden Rohre durchströmt, erzeugen die einzelnen in den Wärmetauscher 1 integrierten thermoelektrischen Generatorelemente aus der Temperaturdifferenz zwischen dem Abgas und der Luft eine elektrische Spannung bzw. einen elektrischen Strom. Somit wird ein Teil der im Abgas enthaltenen Wärmeenergie in elektrischen Strom umgewandelt. Ein weiterer Teil der im Abgas enthaltenen Wärmeenergie wird über die Wärmetauscherrohre der Luft zugeführt, was dazu führt, dass die über den Luftaustrittskasten und eine damit verbundene Luftaustrittsöffnung 16 ausströmende Luft erwärmt wird.As the exhaust gas flows through the longitudinal exhaust gas ducting tubes and the air passes through the transverse air ducting ducts, the individual produce into the heat exchanger 1 integrated thermoelectric generator elements from the temperature difference between the exhaust gas and the air, an electrical voltage or an electric current. Thus, a part of the heat energy contained in the exhaust gas is converted into electric power. Another part of the heat energy contained in the exhaust gas is supplied via the heat exchanger tubes of the air, which leads to the fact that via the air outlet box and an associated air outlet opening 16 outgoing air is heated.

In den 2 und 3 sind die in Längsrichtung 3 verlaufenden abgasführenden Flachrohre 17 und die quer dazu verlaufenden Rohre 18 angedeutet. Die abgasführenden Rohre 17 sind thermisch mit den einzelnen Wärme aufnehmenden Elementen der thermoelektrischen Generatorelemente verbunden. Die luftführenden Flachrohre 18 hingegen sind mit den Wärme abgebenden Elementen der einzelnen in den Wärmetauscher 1 integrierten, hier nicht näher dargestellten thermoelektrischen Generatorelemente verbunden.In the 2 and 3 are the longitudinal ones 3 extending exhaust-carrying flat tubes 17 and the tubes running transversely thereto 18 indicated. The exhaust pipes 17 are thermally connected to the individual heat receiving elements of the thermoelectric generator elements. The air-carrying flat tubes 18 however, with the heat-emitting elements of the individual in the heat exchanger 1 integrated, not shown here thermoelectric generator elements connected.

4 zeigt den Wärmetauscher 1 in Seitenansicht sowie eine Detailzeichnung des Einströmbereichs der abgasführenden Rohre 17. Deutlich ersichtlich ist, dass die Stirnseiten 19 der abgasführenden Rohre gerundet sind, um Verwirbelungen und somit Druckverluste im Eingangsbereich der abgasführenden Rohre möglichst zu vermeiden. Deutlich ersichtlich ist auch das bereits im Zusammenhang mit 1 erläuterte diffusorartige Element 8 am einströmseitigen Ende und das düsenartig gestaltete Element 11 am ausströmseitigen Ende. 4 shows the heat exchanger 1 in side view and a detailed drawing of the inflow of the exhaust pipes 17 , It is clearly evident that the end faces 19 the exhaust-carrying pipes are rounded in order to avoid turbulence and thus pressure losses in the entrance area of the exhaust gas pipes as possible. This is also clearly evident in connection with 1 explained diffuser-like element 8th at the inflow end and the nozzle-like designed element 11 at the outflow end.

Wie aus 4 ersichtlich ist, durchströmt das Abgas den Wärmetauscher 1 ohne jegliche Richtungsumkehr, wodurch Druckverluste weitgehend vermieden werden.How out 4 it can be seen, the exhaust gas flows through the heat exchanger 1 without any reversal of direction, whereby pressure losses are largely avoided.

Der Abgasdiffusor 8 bzw. die Abgasdüse 11 können in relativ einfacher Weise an das Gehäuse 2 des Wärmetauschers 1 angelötet oder angeschweißt werden.The exhaust diffuser 8th or the exhaust nozzle 11 can in a relatively simple manner to the housing 2 of the heat exchanger 1 soldered or welded become.

Ebenfalls ersichtlich ist, dass die Kühlluftströmung, wie bereits erwähnt, im Kreuzstrom, d.h. quer zu den abgasführenden Kanälen 17 erfolgt. Die Kühlluft strömt durch die Flachrohre 18 (vgl. 4).It can also be seen that the cooling air flow, as already mentioned, in the cross flow, ie transversely to the exhaust gas channels 17 he follows. The cooling air flows through the flat tubes 18 (see. 4 ).

Aus 5 ist ersichtlich, dass die Lufteintrittsöffnung 14 und die Luftaustrittsöffnung 16 unterhalb des Wärmetauschergehäuses 2 liegen. Wird der Wärmetauscher 1 im Unterbodenbereich eines Fahrzeugs angeordnet, so erfolgt die Kühlluftansaugung aus der Unterbodenströmung des Fahrzeugs zunächst parallel zur Abgasanlage aber seitlich versetzt dazu. Nach Durchlaufen des "Ansaugstutzens" gelangt die angesaugte Luft über den Lufteinströmkasten 12 in die quer zu den abgasführenden Rohren verlaufenden luftführenden Rohre, in den Luftausströmkasten 13 und von dort über den Luftaustrittskanal und die Luftaustrittsöffnung 16 in die Umgebung.Out 5 it can be seen that the air inlet 14 and the air outlet 16 below the heat exchanger housing 2 lie. Will the heat exchanger 1 arranged in the underbody area of a vehicle, the cooling air intake from the underbody flow of the vehicle is initially parallel to the exhaust system but laterally offset thereto. After passing through the "intake manifold" the sucked air passes through the air inflow box 12 in the transverse to the exhaust pipes leading air bearing pipes, in the Luftausströmkasten 13 and from there via the air outlet channel and the air outlet opening 16 in the nearby areas.

Ein wesentlicher Vorteil der Strömungsführung im Kreuzstrom ist darin zu sehen, dass der Lufteintrittskasten 12 bzw. der Luftausströmkasten 13 sehr leicht seitlich am Wärmetauschergehäuse 2 angebracht werden können. Ferner besteht bei einer derartigen Anordnung die größtmögliche thermische Entkopplung der "Heißseite" von der "Kaltseite", wodurch das vorhandene Temperaturgefälle voll für die thermoelektrische Energiewandlung zur Verfügung steht.A significant advantage of flow control in the cross flow is the fact that the air inlet box 12 or the air outlet box 13 very easy on the side of the heat exchanger housing 2 can be attached. Furthermore, in such an arrangement, the greatest possible thermal decoupling of the "hot side" of the "cold side", whereby the existing temperature gradient is fully available for the thermoelectric energy conversion.

Alternativ zu der Anordnung der 5 könnte die Kühlluft auch in einem Bereich unterhalb der Abgasanlage, d.h. unterhalb von mit den Einströmöffnungen 5, 6 verbundenen Abgasrohren angeordnet sein, wobei dann die angesaugte Kühlluft in einem Kanal nach oben in den Lufteinströmkasten geleitet würde.Alternatively to the arrangement of 5 could the cooling air in a region below the exhaust system, ie below with the inlet openings 5 . 6 be arranged connected exhaust pipes, in which case the sucked cooling air would be directed in a channel up in the Lufteinströmkasten.

Die 7a, 7b zeigen ein Ausführungsbeispiel, bei dem der Wärmetauscher derart angeordnet ist, dass das Abgas den Wärmetauscher quer zur Fahrtrichtung, die durch den Pfeil 20 angedeutet ist, durchströmt. Im Unterschied zu den vorherigen Ausführungsbeispielen durchströmt die Luft den Wärmetauscher parallel zur Fahrtrichtung und muss nicht in Querrichtung umgelenkt zu werden. 7b zeigt eine Schnittansicht entlang der Schnittlinie A-A der 7a.The 7a . 7b show an embodiment in which the heat exchanger is arranged such that the exhaust gas, the heat exchanger transverse to the direction of travel, by the arrow 20 is indicated, flows through. In contrast to the previous embodiments, the air flows through the heat exchanger parallel to the direction of travel and does not need to be deflected in the transverse direction. 7b shows a sectional view along the section line AA of 7a ,

Claims (13)

Fahrzeug mit einem Verbrennungsmotor und einem thermoelektrischen Generator, der mindestens ein von einer Wärmequelle Wärme aufnehmendes Element und mindestens ein an eine Wärmesenke Wärme abgebendes Element aufweist und zwei elektrische Anschlüsse, über die der thermoelektrische Generator elektrische Energie abgeben kann, wobei ein Wärmetauscher (1) vorgesehen ist, der Heizelemente (17) aufweist, die thermisch mit dem mindestens einen Wärme aufnehmenden Element des thermoelektrischen Generators verbunden sind, und Kühlelemente (18), die thermisch mit dem mindestens einen Wärme abgebenden Element des thermoelektrischen Generators verbunden sind, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Heizelemente (17) im Abgaskanal des Verbrennungsmotors angeordnet und von Abgas um- bzw. durchströmt sind.A vehicle having an internal combustion engine and a thermoelectric generator, which has at least one element receiving heat from a heat source and at least one element emitting heat, and two electrical connections, via which the thermoelectric generator can deliver electrical energy, wherein a heat exchanger ( 1 ) is provided, the heating elements ( 17 ), which are thermally connected to the at least one heat receiving element of the thermoelectric generator, and cooling elements ( 18 ) thermally connected to the at least one heat-emitting element of the thermoelectric generator, characterized in that the heating elements ( 17 ) are arranged in the exhaust passage of the internal combustion engine and flow around or through exhaust gas. Fahrzeug nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Kühlelemente (18) von kühlender Luft um- bzw. durchströmt sind.Vehicle according to claim 1, characterized in that the cooling elements ( 18 ) are flowed through or flowing through cooling air. Fahrzeug nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Heizelemente (17) in einer Strömungsrichtung (3) des Abgases und die Kühlelemente (18) im Kreuzstrom dazu, d.h. im Wesentlichen quer zur Strömungsrichtung (3) des Abgases um- oder durchströmt werden.Vehicle according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the heating elements ( 17 ) in a flow direction ( 3 ) of the exhaust gas and the cooling elements ( 18 ) in cross-flow thereto, ie substantially transversely to the flow direction ( 3 ) of the exhaust gas to flow around or through. Fahrzeug nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Heizelemente (17) und die Kühlelemente (18) durch Flachrohre gebildet sind, die abwechselnd stapelartig übereinander angeordnet sind, wobei die die Kühlelemente (18) bildenden Rohre im Wesentlichen quer zu den die Heizelemente (17) bildenden Rohren angeordnet sind.Vehicle according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the heating elements ( 17 ) and the cooling elements ( 18 ) are formed by flat tubes which are arranged alternately stacked one above the other, wherein the cooling elements ( 18 ) forming tubes substantially transverse to the heating elements ( 17 ) forming pipes are arranged. Fahrzeug nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Flachrohre (17, 18) Einström-Enden aufweisen, deren Stirnseiten zur Minimierung von Strömungsverlusten gerundet sind.Vehicle according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the flat tubes ( 17 . 18 ) Have inflow ends whose ends are rounded to minimize flow losses. Fahrzeug nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Wärmetauscher (1) ein Wärmetauschergehäuse (2) aufweist, wobei an einem vorderen Ende (4) des Wärmetauschergehäuses (2) mindestens eine Einströmöffnung (5, 6) für Abgas und an einem hinteren Ende (9) des Wärmetauschergehäuses (2) mindestens eine Ausströmöffnung (10, 11) für Abgas vorgesehen ist.Vehicle according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the heat exchanger ( 1 ) a heat exchanger housing ( 2 ), wherein at a front end ( 4 ) of the heat exchanger housing ( 2 ) at least one inflow opening ( 5 . 6 ) for exhaust gas and at a rear end ( 9 ) of the heat exchanger housing ( 2 ) at least one outflow opening ( 10 . 11 ) is provided for exhaust gas. Fahrzeug nach Anspruch 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass im Bereich der Einströmöffnung (5, 6) ein diffusorartiger Abschnitt (7, 8) vorgesehen ist, dessen Strömungsquerschnitt sich zum Wärmetauscher (1) hin diffusorartig erweitert.Vehicle according to claim 6, characterized in that in the region of the inflow opening ( 5 . 6 ) a diffuser-like section ( 7 . 8th ) is provided, the flow cross section is to the heat exchanger ( 1 ) diffusorartig extended. Fahrzeug nach Anspruch 6 oder 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass im Bereich der Ausströmöffnung (10, 11) ein düsenartiger Abschnitt (10, 11) vorgesehen ist, dessen Strömungsquerschnitt sich vom Wärmetauscher (1) weg düsenartig verjüngt.Vehicle according to claim 6 or 7, characterized in that in the region of the outflow opening ( 10 . 11 ) a nozzle-like section ( 10 . 11 ) is provided, the flow cross section of the heat exchanger ( 1 ) away nozzle-like rejuvenated. Fahrzeug nach einem der Ansprüche 6–8, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass an einer Seite des Wärmetauschergehäuses (2) ein Lufteinströmkasten (12) vorgesehen ist, der mit Einströmenden der die Kühlelemente bildenden Rohre (18) in Fluidverbindung steht.Vehicle according to one of claims 6-8, characterized in that on one side of the heat exchanger housing ( 2 ) an air inflow box ( 12 ) is provided, with the inflow of the cooling elements forming pipes ( 18 ) is in fluid communication. Fahrzeug nach Anspruch 9, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Luft über eine Lufteinlassöffnung (14) im Wesentlichen parallel zur Strömungsrichtung (3) des Abgases in den Lufteinströmkasten (12) einströmt, wobei sich der Querschnitt des Lufteinströmkastens (12) in Strömungsrichtung (3) des Abgases verjüngt.Vehicle according to claim 9, characterized in that the air is supplied via an air inlet ( 14 ) substantially parallel to the flow direction ( 3 ) of the exhaust gas into the Lufteinströmkasten ( 12 ), wherein the cross section of the Lufteinströmkastens ( 12 ) in the flow direction ( 3 ) of the exhaust gas tapers. Fahrzeug nach einem der Ansprüche 9 oder 10, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass auf einer dem Lufteinströmkasten (12) gegenüberliegenden Seite des Wärmetauschergehäuses (2) ein Luftausströmkasten (13) vorgesehen ist, der mit Ausströmenden der die Kühlelemente bildenden Rohre (18) in Fluidverbindung steht.Vehicle according to one of claims 9 or 10, characterized in that on a Lufteinströmkasten ( 12 ) opposite side of the heat exchanger housing ( 2 ) an air outlet box ( 13 ) provided with outflow ends of the tubes forming the cooling elements ( 18 ) is in fluid communication. Fahrzeug nach Anspruch 11, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die aus den luftführenden Rohren (18) in den Luftausströmkasten (13) einströmende Luft im Wesentlichen parallel zur Strömungsrichtung (3) des Abgases im Luftausströmkasten (13) strömt und über eine Luftausströmöffnung (16) aus dem Luftausströmkasten (13) ausströmt.Vehicle according to claim 11, characterized in that from the air-carrying pipes ( 18 ) into the air outlet box ( 13 ) incoming air substantially parallel to the flow direction ( 3 ) of the exhaust gas in the air outlet box ( 13 ) and via an air outlet opening ( 16 ) from the air outlet box ( 13 ) flows out. Fahrzeug nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 12, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Wärmetauscher (1) im Unterbodenbereich des Fahrzeugs angeordnet ist.Vehicle according to one of claims 1 to 12, characterized in that the heat exchanger ( 1 ) is arranged in the underfloor region of the vehicle.
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