DE102006056612B4 - Method for producing a composite sandwiched material and composite material - Google Patents
Method for producing a composite sandwiched material and composite material Download PDFInfo
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- DE102006056612B4 DE102006056612B4 DE102006056612.2A DE102006056612A DE102006056612B4 DE 102006056612 B4 DE102006056612 B4 DE 102006056612B4 DE 102006056612 A DE102006056612 A DE 102006056612A DE 102006056612 B4 DE102006056612 B4 DE 102006056612B4
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B38/00—Ancillary operations in connection with laminating processes
- B32B38/0004—Cutting, tearing or severing, e.g. bursting; Cutter details
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B32B15/00—Layered products comprising a layer of metal
- B32B15/04—Layered products comprising a layer of metal comprising metal as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material
- B32B15/046—Layered products comprising a layer of metal comprising metal as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material of foam
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- B32B15/04—Layered products comprising a layer of metal comprising metal as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material
- B32B15/08—Layered products comprising a layer of metal comprising metal as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material of synthetic resin
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- B32B15/18—Layered products comprising a layer of metal comprising iron or steel
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- B32B7/04—Interconnection of layers
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C45/00—Injection moulding, i.e. forcing the required volume of moulding material through a nozzle into a closed mould; Apparatus therefor
- B29C45/14—Injection moulding, i.e. forcing the required volume of moulding material through a nozzle into a closed mould; Apparatus therefor incorporating preformed parts or layers, e.g. injection moulding around inserts or for coating articles
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Landscapes
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Abstract
Verfahren zur Herstellung eines sandwichartig aufgebauten Verbundmaterials aus einer Kernschicht aus Kunststoffschaum und zumindest einer zugsteifen Schicht, wobei die Kernschicht (1) durch mechanisches Schneiden eines Kunststoff-Hartschaumblocks mittels einer glatten, ungezackten und ungewellten Schneide oder Klinge hergestellt wird und nachfolgend als zugsteife Schicht (3) eine Folie durch ein Klebeverfahren aufgebracht wird, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Kernschicht (1) mit einer Dicke von kleiner als 0,5 mm hergestellt wird, wobei ein Kunststoff-Hartschaumblock bereitgestellt wird, der einen Hartschaum mit einer durchschnittlichen Zellgröße von kleiner als 0,4 mm und bei einer dünner als 0,5 mm hergestellten Kernschicht (1) entsprechend kleiner aufweist, wobei die aus Kunststoff-Hartschaum bestehende Kernschicht (1) eine Dichte kleiner als 250 kg/m3 aufweist.A method for producing a sandwich-type composite material from a core layer of plastic foam and at least one tension-resistant layer, wherein the core layer (1) is produced by mechanically cutting a plastic foam block by means of a smooth, ungezackten and uneven blade or blade and subsequently as zugsteife layer (3 ) a film is applied by an adhesive method, characterized in that the core layer (1) is produced with a thickness of less than 0.5 mm, wherein a plastic foam block is provided which comprises a hard foam having an average cell size of less than 0 , 4 mm and having a thickness of less than 0.5 mm produced core layer (1) correspondingly smaller, wherein the plastic hard foam core layer (1) has a density of less than 250 kg / m3.
Description
Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zur Herstellung eines sandwichartig aufgebauten Verbundmaterials aus einer Kernschicht aus Kunststoff und zumindest einer zugsteifen Schicht und ein so hergestelltes Verbundmaterial.The invention relates to a method for producing a sandwich-type composite material from a core layer of plastic and at least one tension-resistant layer and a composite material produced in this way.
Sandwichartig aufgebaute Verbundmaterialien werden vielfach als Leichtbaukomponenten eingesetzt. Aus der
Sandwich-Verbundmaterialien in Leichtbauweise mit Gesamtdicken kleiner 2 mm lassen sich mit den obigen Verfahren, beispielweise mit dem aus der
Der Fachartikel „Perfekt geschnitten“ von W. Utsch und D. Wagner (in: computer-automation.de, 09.11.2011, Seiten 56-59, http://computerautomation.de/steuerungsebene/industrie-pc/artikel/83201/) offenbart eine von einem Spezialmaschinenbauer (Firma Albrecht Bäumler) hergestellte Horizontalschneidemaschine vom Typ BSV-S, die zum Schneiden von Schaumstoffblöcken in dünne Folienbahnen ausgebildet ist. Dazu hat die Horizontalschneidemaschine ein horizontal ausgerichtetes Messer, dessen Schnittfläche keine Riefen aufweist und das bei Geschwindigkeiten bis zu 80 m/min eine zwischen 1 mm und 12 mm dicke Folie schneidet.
Der Erfindung liegt somit die Aufgabe zugrunde, ein Verfahren zur Verfügung zu stellen, mit welchem sehr dünne, leichte und biegesteife Sandwich-Verbundmaterialien mit einer Kernschicht aus einem Kunststoff-Schaum kostengünstig herstellbar sind.The invention is therefore based on the object to provide a method with which very thin, lightweight and rigid composite sandwich materials with a core layer of a plastic foam can be produced inexpensively.
Gelöst wird die gestellte Aufgabe durch ein Verfahren zur Herstellung eines sandwichartig aufgebauten Verbundmaterials gemäß dem unabhängigen Patentanspruch 1 und ein Verbundmaterial gemäß dem unabhängigen Patentanspruch 16. Bevorzugte Ausführungsformen sind in den abhängigen Patentansprüchen beschrieben.The object is achieved by a method for producing a sandwich-type composite material according to
Gemäß dem unabhängigen Patentanspruch 1 wird ein Verfahren bereitgestellt zur Herstellung eines sandwichartig aufgebauten Verbundmaterials aus einer Kernschicht aus Kunststoffschaum und zumindest einer zugsteifen Schicht, wobei die Kernschicht durch mechanisches Schneiden eines Kunststoff-Hartschaumblockes mit einer glatten, ungezackten und ungewellten Schneide bzw. Klinge hergestellt wird und nachfolgend zumindest eine zugsteife Schicht aus einer Folie durch ein Klebeverfahren aufgebracht wird. Erfindungsgemäß wird die Kernschicht mit einer Dicke von kleiner als 0,5 mm hergestellt, wobei die aus Kunststoff-Hartschaum bestehende Kernschicht eine Dichte kleiner als 250 kg/m3 aufweist. In bestimmten Ausführungsformen können Schäume mit einer durchschnittlichen Zellgröße von kleiner als 0,4 mm und bei einer dünner als 0,5 mm hergestellten Kernschicht entsprechend kleiner verwendet werden.According to the
Gemäß dem unabhängigen Patentanspruch 16 wird ein Verbundmaterial bereitgestellt, das eine Kernschicht (
Die Erfindung gestattet die kostengünstige Herstellung von Verbundmaterialien unter Verwendung besonders feinzelliger Hartschaumkernschichten mit hoher Schubsteifigkeit in Kombination mit sehr dünnen leichten zugsteifen Schichten. Erfindungsgemäß hergestellte Verbundmaterialien weisen eine hohe Steifigkeit bei einem geringen Gewicht auf und können sehr dünn ausgeführt werden. Die Erfindung bietet den besonderen Vorteil, dass auch sehr feinzeilige Kunststoff-Hartschäume mit sehr geringen Porengrößen für einen Sandwichverbund erzeugt und als Kernschicht verwendet werden können, welche eine gute Homogenität und damit eine hohe Schubsteifigkeit auch bei geringen Stärken des Sandwichverbundes aufweisen. Der erfindungsgemäß hergestellte Gesamtverbund ist daher biegesteif und gleichzeitig leicht. The invention permits the cost-effective production of composite materials using particularly fine cell foam core layers with high shear stiffness in combination with very thin lightweight tensile layers. Composites produced according to the invention have a high rigidity with a low weight and can be made very thin. The invention offers the particular advantage that even very fine-celled rigid plastic foams with very small pore sizes can be produced for a sandwich composite and used as core layer, which have good homogeneity and thus high shear stiffness even at low thicknesses of the sandwich composite. The composite produced according to the invention is therefore rigid and at the same time light.
Besonders dünne Kernschichten lassen sich dadurch herstellen, dass beim mechanischen Schneiden des Kunststoff-Hartschaumblockes der Winkel zwischen Schnittkante und Bewegungsrichtung der Schneide bzw. der Klinge maximal 80° beträgt. Alternativ dazu kann die Schneide bzw. Klinge während des Schneidens in Schnittkantenrichtung oszillierend hin- und herbewegt werden.Particularly thin core layers can be produced by the fact that the angle between the cutting edge and the direction of movement of the cutting edge or the blade is a maximum of 80 ° during mechanical cutting of the plastic rigid foam block. Alternatively, the blade may be reciprocated oscillatingly during cutting in the cutting edge direction.
Bei einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform der Erfindung wird beidseitig der Kernschicht eine zugsteife Schicht aufgebracht. Als zugsteife Schicht eignet sich Aluminiumfolie, welche aufgrund ihrer geringen Stärke und ihrer Zugsteifigkeit zur Herstellung sehr dünner Verbundmaterialien besonders gut einsetzbar ist. Ebenso verwendbar sind andere metallische Folienwerkstoffe, beispielsweise Stahlfolien, oder Kunststofffolien sowie Vliese aus Fasern.In a preferred embodiment of the invention, a tension-resistant layer is applied to both sides of the core layer. As tensile layer is suitable aluminum foil, which is particularly well suited for the production of very thin composite materials due to their low strength and tensile stiffness. Likewise usable are other metallic film materials, for example steel foils, or plastic films and nonwovens made of fibers.
Gemäß der Erfindung kann ferner zumindest eine zusätzliche Schicht eingebracht oder aufgebracht werden.Furthermore, according to the invention, at least one additional layer can be introduced or applied.
Als außen aufgebrachte Schichten kommen beispielsweise gummiartige weiche Werkstoffe in Frage, welche der Außenseite des Verbundmaterials einen Softtoucheffekt verleihen, oder Schichten aus Lack oder einem lackähnliche Eigenschaften aufweisenden Material.As externally applied layers are for example rubbery soft materials in question, which give the outside of the composite material a soft touch effect, or layers of paint or a paint-like properties having material.
Eine besonders haltbare Verbindung der Kernschicht mit der zugsteifen Schicht lässt sich durch Verkleben mittels einer Heißklebefolie erzielen. In diesem Zusammenhang ist es ferner vorteilhaft, wenn beheizte Walzen zur Verklebung verwendet werden.A particularly durable connection of the core layer with the tension-resistant layer can be achieved by bonding by means of a hot-melt adhesive film. In this context, it is also advantageous if heated rollers are used for bonding.
Gemäß einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform der Erfindung wird das Verbundmaterial in einem nachträglichen Verfahrensschritt geformt, um es dem vorgesehenen Anwendungszweck anzupassen. Zum Formen des erfindungsgemäßen Verbundmaterials eignen sich beispielsweise Tiefziehen oder Prägen. Das geformte oder auch ungeformte Verbundmaterial kann ferner nachträglich im Spritzgussverfahren mit Kunststoff hinterspritzt werden oder es können auf das Verbundmaterial im Spritzgussverfahren Funktionselemente aufgebracht werden.According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, the composite material is formed in a subsequent process step to adapt it to the intended application. For example, thermoforming or embossing are suitable for molding the composite material according to the invention. The molded or unshaped composite material can also be back-injected with plastic in a subsequent injection molding process, or functional elements can be applied to the composite material by injection molding.
Die Erfindung betrifft ferner ein gemäß dem erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren hergestelltes Verbundmaterial. Auf das Gewicht des Verbundmaterials wirkt es sich besonders günstig aus, dass die aus Kunststoff-Hartschaum bestehende Kernschicht eine Dichte kleiner als 250 kg/m3, aufweist. Erfindungsgemäß ist die Dicke der Kernschicht kleiner als 0,5 mm. Zur Herstellung besonders dünner und leichter Kernschichten eignen sich Kunststoff-Hartschäume auf der Basis von Polystyrol oder auf der Basis von Polypropylen.The invention further relates to a composite material produced according to the method of the invention. On the weight of the composite material, it has a particularly favorable that the core layer consisting of rigid plastic foam has a density of less than 250 kg / m3. According to the invention, the thickness of the core layer is less than 0.5 mm. Plastic rigid foams based on polystyrene or based on polypropylene are suitable for producing particularly thin and lightweight core layers.
Ein erfindungsgemäßes Verbundmaterial kann insgesamt eine Dicke kleiner als 3 mm, bei besonders dünnen Kernschichten sogar kleiner als 0,7 mm aufweisen.A composite material according to the invention may have a total thickness of less than 3 mm, even smaller than 0.7 mm in the case of particularly thin core layers.
Dabei ist es von Vorteil, wenn die Dicke jeder zugsteifen Schicht gemeinsam mit ihrer Klebeschicht höchstens 50 µm beträgt.It is advantageous if the thickness of each tension-resistant layer together with its adhesive layer is at most 50 μm.
Weitere Merkmale, Vorteile und Einzelheiten der Erfindung werden anhand der Zeichnung, die schematisch ein Ausführungsbeispiel darstellt, näher beschrieben. Dabei zeigt
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1 in einer Schnittdarstellung den Aufbau einer Ausführungsvariante eines erfindungsgemäßen Verbundmaterials.
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1 in a sectional view of the structure of an embodiment variant of a composite material according to the invention.
Zur Ausbildung dreidimensionaler Bauteilgeometrien kann das erfindungsgemäße Verbundmaterial in einem nächsten Verfahrensschritt geprägt oder tiefgezogen werden. Dies kann im warmen oder kalten Zustand erfolgen.To form three-dimensional component geometries, the composite material according to the invention can be embossed or deep drawn in a next process step. This can be done in warm or cold condition.
Ebenso besteht die Möglichkeit des Hinterspritzens des Verbundmaterials mit einem thermoplastischen Material in einem Spritzgussprozess zur Anordnung von Funktions- und Befestigungselementen wie Schnappverbindungen, Lagerelemente, Befestigungsösen, Rippen, Designelemente und ähnlichem.Likewise, there is the possibility of injecting the composite material with a thermoplastic material in an injection molding process for the arrangement of functional and fastening elements such as snap connections, bearing elements, fastening eyes, ribs, design elements and the like.
Aus dem kontinuierlich und daher großflächig hergestellten Verbundmaterial können die benötigten Teile beispielsweise durch Stanzen separiert werden. Die Teile werden anschließend an den vorgesehenen Produkten befestigt.From the continuously and therefore produced over a large area composite material, the required parts can be separated, for example by punching. The parts are then attached to the intended products.
Je nach Einsatzzweck können für die Deckschicht
Es ist möglich, weitere Schichten einzubringen oder aufzubringen, um bestimmte vorteilhafte Eigenschaften zu erzielen, beispielsweise schwingungsdämpfende Eigenschaften, eine elektrische Abschirmfunktion, chemisch aktive Eigenschaften, Antikorrosionseigenschaften, Barriereeigenschaften, Flammschutzeigenschaften, Design- und optische Eigenschaften. Durch das Vorsehen von weichen, gummiartigen, strukturierten oder unstrukturierten Oberflächenschichten oberhalb der zugsteifen Deckschicht kann ein angenehmer Effekt beim Berühren erreicht werden. Dieser Effekt ist beispielsweise bei Bauteilen im Automobilinnenraum oft erwünscht. Des Weiteren kann bzw. können als äußere Schicht(en) Lack oder ein lackähnliches Material aufgebracht werden.It is possible to incorporate or apply additional layers to achieve certain advantageous properties, such as vibration damping properties, electrical shielding, chemically active properties, anti-corrosion properties, barrier properties, flame retardancy, design and optical properties. By providing soft, rubbery, structured or unstructured surface layers above the tension-resistant cover layer, a pleasant touch effect can be achieved. This effect is often desired, for example, in automotive interior components. Furthermore, lacquer or a lacquer-like material can or can be applied as outer layer (s).
Die Erfindung ermöglicht die Herstellung von Produkten mit sehr geringem Gewicht und bei hoher Steifigkeit. Diese Anforderung ist bei vielen Anwendungen in der Technik gegeben, beispielsweise in der Fahrzeugindustrie und in der Luft- und Raumfahrt. Anwendungsbeispiele im Kraftfahrzeugbereich sind Innenaustattungskomponenten und Karosserieteile. Weitere Anwendungsgebiete sind Mehrwegverpackungen und passiv oder aktiv vibrierende Bauteile, wobei diese aufgrund der Leichtbauweise nicht in Eigenfrequenz versetzt werden.The invention enables the production of products with very low weight and high rigidity. This requirement is present in many applications in the industry, for example in the automotive industry and in the aerospace industry. Examples of applications in the automotive sector are interior trim components and body parts. Further fields of application are reusable packaging and passively or actively vibrating components, which are not offset in natural frequency due to the lightweight construction.
Nach dem Verwendungszweck richtet sich auch die Dicke der Kernschicht
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DE102008022591B4 (en) * | 2008-05-07 | 2012-12-13 | Bruno Gruber | Composite part and composite structure |
DE202012013313U1 (en) * | 2012-01-26 | 2016-03-02 | Gaugler & Lutz Ohg | Device for producing a sheet-like core material web |
GB201309323D0 (en) * | 2013-05-23 | 2013-07-10 | 4A Mfg Gmbh | Three-dimensional structural member formed by a sandwich structure with foam core between metallic layers |
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