DE102006048159A1 - Increasing gas production in a biogas plant comprises separating fermentation substrate that has passed through the plant into a solid and a liquid, and gasifying the solid to produce synthesis gas - Google Patents

Increasing gas production in a biogas plant comprises separating fermentation substrate that has passed through the plant into a solid and a liquid, and gasifying the solid to produce synthesis gas Download PDF

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DE102006048159A1
DE102006048159A1 DE102006048159A DE102006048159A DE102006048159A1 DE 102006048159 A1 DE102006048159 A1 DE 102006048159A1 DE 102006048159 A DE102006048159 A DE 102006048159A DE 102006048159 A DE102006048159 A DE 102006048159A DE 102006048159 A1 DE102006048159 A1 DE 102006048159A1
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solid
biogas
synthesis gas
fermentation substrate
plant
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Rudolf Cordes
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12P—FERMENTATION OR ENZYME-USING PROCESSES TO SYNTHESISE A DESIRED CHEMICAL COMPOUND OR COMPOSITION OR TO SEPARATE OPTICAL ISOMERS FROM A RACEMIC MIXTURE
    • C12P5/00—Preparation of hydrocarbons or halogenated hydrocarbons
    • C12P5/02—Preparation of hydrocarbons or halogenated hydrocarbons acyclic
    • C12P5/023—Methane
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12M—APPARATUS FOR ENZYMOLOGY OR MICROBIOLOGY; APPARATUS FOR CULTURING MICROORGANISMS FOR PRODUCING BIOMASS, FOR GROWING CELLS OR FOR OBTAINING FERMENTATION OR METABOLIC PRODUCTS, i.e. BIOREACTORS OR FERMENTERS
    • C12M21/00—Bioreactors or fermenters specially adapted for specific uses
    • C12M21/04—Bioreactors or fermenters specially adapted for specific uses for producing gas, e.g. biogas
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12M—APPARATUS FOR ENZYMOLOGY OR MICROBIOLOGY; APPARATUS FOR CULTURING MICROORGANISMS FOR PRODUCING BIOMASS, FOR GROWING CELLS OR FOR OBTAINING FERMENTATION OR METABOLIC PRODUCTS, i.e. BIOREACTORS OR FERMENTERS
    • C12M43/00—Combinations of bioreactors or fermenters with other apparatus
    • C12M43/08—Bioreactors or fermenters combined with devices or plants for production of electricity
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12M—APPARATUS FOR ENZYMOLOGY OR MICROBIOLOGY; APPARATUS FOR CULTURING MICROORGANISMS FOR PRODUCING BIOMASS, FOR GROWING CELLS OR FOR OBTAINING FERMENTATION OR METABOLIC PRODUCTS, i.e. BIOREACTORS OR FERMENTERS
    • C12M47/00—Means for after-treatment of the produced biomass or of the fermentation or metabolic products, e.g. storage of biomass
    • C12M47/14—Drying
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12P—FERMENTATION OR ENZYME-USING PROCESSES TO SYNTHESISE A DESIRED CHEMICAL COMPOUND OR COMPOSITION OR TO SEPARATE OPTICAL ISOMERS FROM A RACEMIC MIXTURE
    • C12P3/00—Preparation of elements or inorganic compounds except carbon dioxide
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12P—FERMENTATION OR ENZYME-USING PROCESSES TO SYNTHESISE A DESIRED CHEMICAL COMPOUND OR COMPOSITION OR TO SEPARATE OPTICAL ISOMERS FROM A RACEMIC MIXTURE
    • C12P7/00—Preparation of oxygen-containing organic compounds
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E50/00—Technologies for the production of fuel of non-fossil origin
    • Y02E50/30—Fuel from waste, e.g. synthetic alcohol or diesel

Abstract

Increasing gas production in a biogas plant comprises separating fermentation substrate that has passed through the plant into a solid and a liquid, drying and gasifying the solid to produce synthesis gas, using the liquid to scrub the synthesis gas, and supplying a mixture of the biogas and synthesis gas to an engine for current generation.

Description

Die vorliegende Erfinung betrifft eine Vorrichtung und ein Verfahren zur Gewinnung von Energie aus Biomasse, die eine Anlage zur anaeroben Umsetzung von Biomasse wie einen Biogasfermenter, eine Seperationsanlage für Gärsubstrate, einen Feststoff-Trockner, einen thermischen Vergaser, eine Gaswäsche und ein Motorenkraftwerk zur Stromproduktion aufweist.The The present invention relates to an apparatus and a method to extract energy from biomass, which is an anaerobic plant Implementation of biomass such as a biogas fermenter, a separation plant for fermentation substrates, a solids dryer, a thermal gasifier, a gas scrubber and a motor power plant to produce electricity.

Die Nutzung von Biomasse als Energiequelle gewinnt zunehmend an Bedeutung, da fossile Rohstoffe knapp und teurer werden.The Use of biomass as an energy source is becoming increasingly important because fossil resources are scarce and more expensive.

Biomasse als nachwachsender Rohstoff ist nicht nur erneuerbar sondern auch Co2-neutral. Die Produktion von elektrischer Energie aus Biomasse wird durch das EEG-Gesetz gefördert.Biomass as a renewable raw material is not only renewable but also Co 2 -neutral. The production of electrical energy from biomass is promoted by the EEG law.

Ein Weg Biomasse zu verstromen ist die anaerobe Vergärung. Bei Abwesendheit von Sauerstoff entsteht Biogas, eine Mischung aus Methan, Co2, Wasserstoff, Schwefelwasserstoff und andere Gase. Dieses Biogas wird in Motoren verbrannt und dann über Generatoren verstromt.One way to use biomass is to anaerobic digestion. Absence of oxygen produces biogas, a mixture of methane, Co 2 , hydrogen, hydrogen sulfide, and other gases. This biogas is burned in engines and then converted into electricity via generators.

Biogasanlagen werden heute als Navaro-Anlagen gefahren. Das heißt, sie werden mit zellulosehaltiger Biomasse wie Mais, Getreide, Ganzpflanzensilage u.a. gefiltert.biogas plants are driven today as Navaro systems. That means, you be with cellulosic biomass such as corn, cereals, whole plant silage et al filtered.

Die zur Aufspaltung und Umsetzung genutzten Bakterien sind aber nur in der Lage circa 50% der als Biomasse eingebrachten Energie zu nutzen. Ein großer Teil der Energie verläßt nach 30–100 Tagen als unverdaute Biomasse die Fermenter und wird als Gärsubstrat beziehungsweise Dünger auf umliegende Ackerflächen gefahren.The but the bacteria used for decomposition and conversion are only capable of generating about 50% of the biomass energy use. A large Part of the energy leaves 30-100 Days as undigested biomass the fermenter and is used as a fermentation substrate or fertilizer on surrounding arable land hazards.

Dieser ungenutzte Energieinhalt soll durch die Erfindung wirtschaftlich erschlossen werden.This Unused energy content is intended by the invention economically be opened.

Durch die Kombination im wesentlichen bekannter Anlagen wie biologische Vergasung und thermischer Vergasung, ergibt sich ein Teil des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens.By the combination of substantially known plants such as biological Gasification and thermal gasification, resulting in a part of the method according to the invention.

Die erfindungsgemäße Vorrichtung und das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren werden durch die Figuren näher beschrieben.The inventive device and the method according to the invention become closer through the figures described.

1 stellt beispielhaft das erfindungsgemäße Verbundsystem da. Es ist selbstverständlich auch eine nur teilweise Nutzung des Verbundes erfindungsmäßig möglich. 1 exemplifies the composite system according to the invention there. It is of course also a partial use of the composite erfindungsmäßig possible.

Bei der erfindungsgemäßen Vorrichtung und dem erfindungsgemäßem Verfahren durchläuft, wie gehabt, die Biomasse (1) wie Getreide, Mais, u.a. den Biogasfermenter (2) und verläßt halb verdaut die Biogasanlage.

  • – Die vorliegende Erfindung nutzt die Restenergie aus dem Gärsubstrat über die thermische Vergasung und führt sie als Synthesegas, letztlich gemischt mit dem Biogas aus dem Fermenter, dem Motor zur Verstromung zu.
In the apparatus according to the invention and the method according to the invention, as usual, the biomass ( 1 ) such as cereals, maize, and others the biogas fermenter ( 2 ) and leaves half digested the biogas plant.
  • - The present invention uses the residual energy from the fermentation substrate on the thermal gasification and leads them as synthesis gas, ultimately mixed with the biogas from the fermenter, the engine for power generation.

Dazu wird das Gärsubstrat (3), das den Fermenter (2) verläßt über einer Vorrichtung (4) in Feststoff (5) und flüssig Phase (6) getrennt.For this purpose, the fermentation substrate ( 3 ), the fermenter ( 2 ) leaves over a device ( 4 ) in solid ( 5 ) and liquid phase ( 6 ) separated.

Dies geschieht vorzugsweise über ein Pressschneckenseperator (4), eine Bandpresse, ein Dekanter und/oder eine Zentrifuge.This is preferably done via a press screw separator ( 4 ), a belt press, a decanter and / or a centrifuge.

Der Feststoff (5) besteht hauptsächlich aus Zellulose mit hohem Energieinhalt und hat einen Trockensubstranzgehalt von 20–50% (T.S.).The solid ( 5 ) consists mainly of cellulose with high energy content and has a dry matter content of 20-50% (TS).

Die Flüssigkeitsphase (6) besteht hauptsächlich aus Wasser und aktiver Bakteriensupsension mit Restmethananteil.The liquid phase ( 6 ) consists mainly of water and active bacteria suppression with residual methane content.

Der Gärsubstrat-Feststoff (5) wird einen Trockner (7) zugeführt, der mit der Abwärme vom Motorenkraftwerk (14) beheizt wird.The fermentation substrate solid ( 5 ) is a dryer ( 7 ) supplied with the waste heat from the engine power plant ( 14 ) is heated.

Als Trockner (7) wird vorzugsweise ein einzügiger beziehungsweise mehrzügiger Trommeltrockner, ein Bandtrockner oder ein Wirbelschichttrockner eingesetzt.As a dryer ( 7 ) a single or multi-drum drum dryer, a belt dryer or a fluidized bed dryer is preferably used.

Nach dem Trocknungsvorgang wird das getrocknete Gärsubstrat (8) einem thermischen Vergaser (9) zugeführt, der aus dem Substrat Koks und Synthesegas (10) produziert. Der entstehende Gärsubstrat-Koks kann als Energiequelle für den Vergasungsvorgang genutzt werden.After the drying process, the dried fermentation substrate ( 8th ) a thermal gasifier ( 9 ) supplied from the substrate coke and synthesis gas ( 10 ) produced. The resulting fermentation substrate coke can be used as an energy source for the gasification process.

Als thermischer Vergaser (9) wird vorzugsweise ein Wirbelschichtvergaser, Hochtemperaturvergaser oder Festbettvergaser genutzt.As thermal carburetor ( 9 ), a fluidized bed gasifier, high temperature gasifier or fixed bed gasifier is preferably used.

Das im Vergaser produzierte Synthesegas (10) wird einem Gaswäscher (11) zugeführt.The synthesis gas produced in the gasifier ( 10 ) is a gas scrubber ( 11 ).

Der Gaswäscher (11) nutzt die Flüssigphase (6) des Gärsubstrates als Waschmedium. Der Synthesegaswäscher (11) wird vorzugsweise als Gegenstrom- und/oder als Kreuzstromwäscher gefahren. Das Waschmedium wird hier zugleich als Kühlmedium genutzt. Wasser als Waschmedium würde das Verfahren unwirtschaftlich machen.The scrubber ( 11 ) uses the liquid phase ( 6 ) of the fermentation substrate as a washing medium. The synthesis gas scrubber ( 11 ) is preferably run as a countercurrent and / or as a cross-flow scrubber. The washing medium is also used here as a cooling medium. Water as a washing medium would make the process uneconomical.

Der Gaswäscher (11) befreit das Synthesegas von Staub, langkettigen Kohlenwasserstoffen, Kondensatrückständen und anderen störenden Bestandteilen.The scrubber ( 11 ) releases the synthesis gas from dust, long-chain hydrocarbons, condensate residues and other interfering components.

Nach dem Wäscher wird das gereinigte Synthesegas (12) vor dem Motorenkraftwerk (14) dem Biogas (13) aus dem Fermenter (2) beigemischt und dem Motor zugeführt. Der im Motorenkraftwerk gewonnene Strom (18) wird ins Netz abgegeben.After the scrubber, the purified synthesis gas ( 12 ) in front of the engine power plant ( 14 ) the biogas ( 13 ) from the fermenter ( 2 ) and fed to the engine. The electricity generated in the power plant ( 18 ) is delivered to the network.

Das Waschmedium (15), die Flüssigphase des Gärsubstrates läuft in das Endlager (16) und wird der landwirtschaflicher Düngeverwertung (17) zugeführt.The washing medium ( 15 ), the liquid phase of the fermentation substrate runs into the repository ( 16 ) and is used for agricultural fertilization ( 17 ).

Claims (5)

Verfahren zur Erhöhung der Gasproduktion in Biogasanlagen dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass Gärsubstrat (3), das eine Biogasanlage (2) durchlaufen hat in Feststoff (5) und Flüssigphase (6) getrennt wird, wobei der Feststoff (5) getrocknet (8) und zu Synthesegas (10) vergast wird. und die Flüssigphase (6) als Waschmedium in einem Gaswäscher (11) genutzt wird um das Synthesegas zu waschen, bevor es (12) mit dem Biogas (13) gemischt dem Motor (14) zur Stromproduktion zugeführt wird.Process for increasing the production of gas in biogas plants, characterized in that the fermentation substrate ( 3 ), which is a biogas plant ( 2 ) has gone through in solid ( 5 ) and liquid phase ( 6 ), the solid ( 5 ) ( 8th ) and to synthesis gas ( 10 ) is gassed. and the liquid phase ( 6 ) as a washing medium in a scrubber ( 11 ) is used to wash the syngas before it ( 12 ) with the biogas ( 13 ) mixed the engine ( 14 ) is supplied for power production. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1. dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass diese folgende Teile aufweisen: a) Eine Anlage (2) zur anaeroben Vergärung von Biomasse (1) b) Seperator (4) zur Feststofftrennung in Feststoff (5) und Flüssigphase (6) c) Trockner (7) zur Trocknung des Feststoffes (5) d) Thermischer Vergaser (9) e) Synthesegaswäscher (11) f) Motorenkraftwerk (14) g) Endlager- Behälter (16)Method according to claim 1, characterized in that they comprise the following parts: a) an installation ( 2 ) for anaerobic digestion of biomass ( 1 b) Seperator ( 4 ) for solids separation in solid ( 5 ) and liquid phase ( 6 ) c) dryers ( 7 ) for drying the solid ( 5 ) d) thermal gasifier ( 9 ) e) synthesis scrubber ( 11 ) f) engine power plant ( 14 ) g) repository containers ( 16 ) Verfahren 1. und 2. dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Waschmedium (6) des Synthesegaswäschers (11) aus der Flüssigphase (6) des Gärsubstrates (3) besteht.Processes 1 and 2, characterized in that the washing medium ( 6 ) of the synthesis gas scrubber ( 11 ) from the liquid phase ( 6 ) of the fermentation substrate ( 3 ) consists. Verfahren nach 1. und 2. dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Flüssigkeitsphase (6) des Gärsubstrates im Gaswäscher (11) als Kühlmedium für das heiße Synthesegas (10) genutzt wird.Process according to 1 and 2, characterized in that the liquid phase ( 6 ) of the fermentation substrate in the gas scrubber ( 11 ) as a cooling medium for the hot synthesis gas ( 10 ) is being used. Verfahren nach einem der vorgenannten Ansprüche dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das gereinigte und gekühlte Synthesegas (12) mit dem Biogas (13) des Biogasfermenters (2) gemischt dem Motor (14) zur Verstromung zugeführt wird.Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the purified and cooled synthesis gas ( 12 ) with the biogas ( 13 ) of the biogas fermenter ( 2 ) mixed the engine ( 14 ) is supplied for power generation.
DE102006048159A 2006-10-10 2006-10-10 Increasing gas production in a biogas plant comprises separating fermentation substrate that has passed through the plant into a solid and a liquid, and gasifying the solid to produce synthesis gas Withdrawn DE102006048159A1 (en)

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Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102009014221A1 (en) * 2009-03-25 2010-09-30 Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der angewandten Forschung e.V. Method for biological desulfurization of biogas from biogas plant, involves loading washing liquid with oxygen and specifying detention period of liquid in bioscrubber such that biological oxidation takes place in bioscrubber
DE102009020200A1 (en) 2009-05-07 2010-11-11 Niederbacher, Michael, Dr. Operating a biogas plant, comprises supplying moist fermentation substrate from a fermenter to a drying device, supplying the dried fermentation substrate to a synthesis gas device and supplying the produced synthesis gases to a gas engine
WO2015154874A1 (en) * 2014-04-09 2015-10-15 Michael Niederbacher Process and installation for cleaning contaminated environmental fallows, in particular for reducing the radiation burden of radioactively contaminated environmental fallows

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US4289625A (en) * 1980-01-18 1981-09-15 Institute Of Gas Technology Hybrid bio-thermal gasification
DE19715646A1 (en) * 1997-04-15 1998-10-22 Karlheinz Dr Ing Paesler Automated composting process and reactor assembly for municipal refuse
DE19857870A1 (en) * 1998-12-15 2000-06-21 Res & Dev Of Renewable Energy Conversion of organic waste into energy and fertilizer without pyrolysis or incineration
EP1060035B1 (en) * 1998-03-05 2003-06-04 Staiger, Roland Method and device for processing refuse material batches and for converting carbon-containing refuse or raw materials into refuse material batches
DE10245469A1 (en) * 2002-09-28 2004-04-08 Ulrich Kittmann Production of electrical and thermal energy from solid and liquid biogenic residual materials in a power station comprises using a biogas installation and a pyrolysis reactor
EP1754771A2 (en) * 2005-08-01 2007-02-21 Stadtwerke Düsseldorf AG Process for treating biological material

Patent Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4289625A (en) * 1980-01-18 1981-09-15 Institute Of Gas Technology Hybrid bio-thermal gasification
DE19715646A1 (en) * 1997-04-15 1998-10-22 Karlheinz Dr Ing Paesler Automated composting process and reactor assembly for municipal refuse
EP1060035B1 (en) * 1998-03-05 2003-06-04 Staiger, Roland Method and device for processing refuse material batches and for converting carbon-containing refuse or raw materials into refuse material batches
DE19857870A1 (en) * 1998-12-15 2000-06-21 Res & Dev Of Renewable Energy Conversion of organic waste into energy and fertilizer without pyrolysis or incineration
DE10245469A1 (en) * 2002-09-28 2004-04-08 Ulrich Kittmann Production of electrical and thermal energy from solid and liquid biogenic residual materials in a power station comprises using a biogas installation and a pyrolysis reactor
EP1754771A2 (en) * 2005-08-01 2007-02-21 Stadtwerke Düsseldorf AG Process for treating biological material

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102009014221A1 (en) * 2009-03-25 2010-09-30 Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der angewandten Forschung e.V. Method for biological desulfurization of biogas from biogas plant, involves loading washing liquid with oxygen and specifying detention period of liquid in bioscrubber such that biological oxidation takes place in bioscrubber
DE102009014221B4 (en) * 2009-03-25 2013-01-31 Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der angewandten Forschung e.V. Process for the biological desulphurisation of gases
DE102009020200A1 (en) 2009-05-07 2010-11-11 Niederbacher, Michael, Dr. Operating a biogas plant, comprises supplying moist fermentation substrate from a fermenter to a drying device, supplying the dried fermentation substrate to a synthesis gas device and supplying the produced synthesis gases to a gas engine
WO2015154874A1 (en) * 2014-04-09 2015-10-15 Michael Niederbacher Process and installation for cleaning contaminated environmental fallows, in particular for reducing the radiation burden of radioactively contaminated environmental fallows
JP2017519998A (en) * 2014-04-09 2017-07-20 ニーデルバッチャー、マイケル Method and apparatus for purifying environmentally degraded land due to pollution, in particular, method and apparatus for reducing radiation exposure of environmentally degraded areas due to radioactive contamination

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