DE102006035189A1 - Material transmitting thermal energy between its surfaces, used in clothing and technical textiles, includes hollow fiber divided into heat pipes promoting self-regulating heat transmission - Google Patents

Abstract

The flat structure (1) of the material includes a completely-sealed hollow fiber (6) with an internal cavity (9). Its length is a multiple of the thickness of the structure (1). Its course alternates within the structure, to form evaporation zones (24) on the second surface (5) and condensation zones (25) on the first surface (3). The fiber is filled with a working fluid (10) which can be evaporated. The length of the fiber is divided into individual chambers (22) with their opposite ends situated in the first- and second surfaces. Blocking locations (23) define ends of the chambers. They are formed by welds, pinches or bends. Chambers have differing lengths. The fibers have a wavy- or zigzag course within the structure. The wavy course turns through about 180[deg] in the evaporation- and/or condensation zones. The chambers contain excess- or reduced pressure. Fluid vaporization takes place in the range 25[deg]C- 35[deg]C. The fibers are metal, glass, ceramic, plastic or metallized plastic. They are multilayered, with different physical properties in each layer. The fibers have internal- or external structuring. Structuring promotes the capillary effect. It comprises longitudinal grooving of the fiber. Seen in cross section, the fiber is divided into regions which differ in cross section. Cylindrical separators running or spiraling along the interior of the fibers, define the regions. A fleece, knit or woven fabric incorporates the structure described. It is a three-dimensional- or spacing fabric. The structure is incorporated into heat- or sound insulation. The hollow fiber described is also claimed.

Description

The The invention relates to a planar Structure for transporting heat energy according to the generic term of claim 1 and a hollow fiber according to the preamble of the claim 23rd

Generic structures have a wide range of applications. They are everywhere can be used advantageously, where the structure areas of different Temperatures separates and the temperature in at least one area be changed in the direction of the temperature of the other area should. A preferred field of application are clothing and technical textiles.

One great Interest in such structures exists, for example, from pages the footwear and textile industry, in particular the clothing industry. There, in addition to an appealing design, more and more wearing comfort is gaining and personal hygiene are important. Both become relevant from the material-dependent Warmth- and steam passage through a shoe or garment.

In front Problems is the textile industry always posed when wearing a garment in a big one Temperature range is determined. This applies, for example, to all-weather clothing, which are used both in winter and in spring or autumn come and therefore have to meet very different requirements. The same applies to Winter clothing designed to protect against low temperatures but also in a warm environment, such as at short stays in heated rooms, for example, in department stores, still must be portable.

One Another example is sportswear, among others for the Find ski or motorcycle use. These should on the one hand before cooling protect, for example, when waiting at the lift, the ascent in a chairlift or by the wind during motorcycling. On the other hand, a heating up the respective person during the sports activity or avoided when driving in traffic jams or in the city.

the same Problem arises in connection with technical textiles and other textile items, such as sleeping bags, Tents or blankets, their use in the sense of a wide range of uses be possible at both high and low temperatures should. Similar behaves it to cover themselves with cabriolets, in the face of deeper Temperatures in winter high thermal insulation capacity is expected while in summer however, a heat accumulation inside the vehicle should be prevented.

The Field of application of the invention also extends to industrial Areas. So have sound insulation due to its porous structure usually also a high thermal insulation capacity. at the soundproofing of heat sources, such as internal combustion engines, this property arises but mostly as counterproductive, as with the sound insulation because of their inherent Thermal insulation properties at the same time an overheating the heat source threatening.

Furthermore is the use of generic structures Also conceivable in power plant construction, where in the course of the production of electrical energy amount of heat dissipated must become.

To the Transport of heat energy are known as heat pipes. These consist of a gas-tight, closed pipe at both ends, with a working fluid filled is. Is the one end of the heat pipe in the area of a heat source as a result of the associated warming of the working fluid an evaporation process takes place inside, with the required Thermal energy removed from the heat source becomes.

Of the vapor pressure generated during evaporation causes it to spread of the steam towards the other end of the heat pipe, which is itself in one opposite colder the first end Environment is located. There is a condensation process as a result of the cooling of the steam instead, in the course of which heat energy is delivered to the environment. The resulting condensate returns due to gravity or by capillary forces back to the first End of the heatpipe, eliminating the cycle of working fluid is closed.

On this way is a heat transfer from a warm environment towards a cold environment possible. This Effect is exploited for example in the electrical or electronics industry, to electrical or electronic components, such as processors, noise to cool.

From the US 5,269,369 moreover, the use of heatpipes in conjunction with clothing and blankets to achieve a heat balance in the plane of the clothing or blanket is already known. There, it is proposed to arrange on the inside of a textile a plurality of tubes which extend from warmer body areas, such as the torso, to colder body areas, such as the extremities. By evaporation of a working fluid in the area of the torso and a steam flow Through the hoses to the extremities should be achieved in this way with the body's own heat energy heating of the extremities.

It the object of the present invention is to provide a structure with a self-regulating temperature compensation between two spatially from the structure separate areas is possible.

These The object is achieved by an invention having the features of the patent claim 1 and a hollow fiber with the features of claim 23 solved.

advantageous Further developments emerge from the subclaims.

Of the The basic idea of the invention is based on the utilization of the working principle a heat pipe for transporting heat energy within a flat structure. However limited The invention is not simply the use of known heat pipes within such a flat Structure, but provides the working space for the working fluid to provide a heat pipe in the form of a hollow fiber. This changes in its course several times from one surface of the structure to the other, thereby alternately sections appear that on the first or second surface the structure lie.

Thereby creates a structure, for example in the form of a textile or Insulation, at temperatures below that for evaporation the working fluid necessary limit temperature, the originally existing material-dependent thermal insulation capacity for Wear come. With incipient evaporation when reaching the limit temperature then begins the interplay of evaporation and condensation and it puts a heat transfer one that is the original one thermal insulation behavior superimposed on the structure according to the invention. A structure according to the invention is characterized by a self-regulating heat transfer resistance out.

Of the the resulting advantage is for example in the sound insulation of an internal combustion engine clearly. Due to its heat-insulating Properties prevents a sound insulation according to the invention in the while the warm - up phase existing low temperatures that the waste heat of the Engine escapes. The heat-insulating Properties come first come to fruition with the result that the engine quickly reaches the operating temperature reached. When the operating temperature reaches the limit temperature, the working fluid starts evaporate in the hollow fibers and it begins the heat transport through the sound insulation. As a result, the waste heat is dissipated and overheating of the engine prevented.

A According to the invention suitable hollow fiber can be in the continuous process industrially produce and is therefore very inexpensive in the production. The hollow fiber alone can form the structure by a variety of such fibers are woven together. It is but also possible a fiber according to the invention in a structure according to the invention weave or in solid materials, such as foamed or embed casted plates and the like. This can be done inventive structures in big Scope industrial scale, so that for the first time the conditions for the economical production of a woven, knitted or nonwoven fabric with self-regulating heat transfer resistance be created. Only then is a broad marketing of the Invention possible in an economically reasonable manner.

In the simplest embodiment The invention relates to the hollow fiber of a structure according to the invention only at the beginning and end of sufficient gas and liquid tight locked. Such an embodiment The invention is particularly suitable for horizontal arrangement a structure according to the invention, being a uniform distribution the working fluid while the vapor phase takes place.

In contrast, preferred however, is an embodiment of the invention, in which the hollow fiber is subdivided into chambers over its length, the ends of which lie on the first or second surface of the planar structure. These embodiment The invention offers a great Functional reliability, even if one or more chambers fail the remaining Chambers functional stay. In addition, this embodiment of the invention is characterized a uniform distribution the working fluid within the hollow fibers in any spatial position of the structure because there is an exchange between the individual chambers and thus one unintentional concentration of working fluid in a part of the Structure not possible is. It turns therefore a uniform over the entire surface of the Structure distributed uniform efficiency.

Basically the course of the hollow fiber between the first and second surface be arbitrary provided the steam flow in one direction and the return the condensate is ensured in the other direction. According to the invention, a wave-shaped course the hollow fiber is preferred, since thereby the production of flexible structures favored and unwanted kinks are prevented, which hinder a flow of steam would.

In Advantageous development of this thought can be done on the surfaces of structure according to the invention a deflection of the hollow fiber in each case by about 180 degrees, causing an approximate parallel arrangement of the sections lying in the core region of the structure the hollow fiber results. This embodiment The invention has a high density of evaporation and condensation sites on the surfaces structure with the result of a very high heat transfer performance.

in the However, the scope of the invention also encompasses a course of the hollow fibers, wherein the hollow fiber kinks at the first and second surfaces having simultaneously the ends or the beginnings of the individual Forming chambers. Such embodiments of the invention have a zigzag course of the hollow fiber, due to the rectilinear sections between the structural surfaces an elevated one stability and thus stiffness of the structure contributes overall, which in particular in conjunction with spacer fabrics is of importance.

In dependence the liquid-specific limit temperature may be a structure of the invention by choosing a specific working fluid to a specific Application can be set. As a suitable working fluid In addition to water, alcohols and acetone are also suitable due to their relatively low boiling point for many Offer applications. For example, for the manufacture of shoes and Garments structures are used, their working fluid from a limit temperature of 25 ° to 35 ° Celsius evaporated.

to Influencing the limit temperature of the working fluid can in an advantageous Development of the invention, the hollow fiber or its chambers with a Under or over pressure be charged. In this way, a structure according to the invention can be set exactly to a certain limit temperature, from which the cooling effect should use. Also possible a pressurized hollow fiber with the use of harmless Working fluids, For example, of water, whose boiling point otherwise below atmospheric Conditions too high and therefore their use would be excluded.

preferably, become hollow fibers according to the invention made of metal, glass, ceramics or plastic, as far as these are concerned sufficiently gas and liquid tight are tight. To optimize certain material-specific properties to exploit the hollow fibers also be multi-layered. That's the way it is, for example conceivable that the inner layer of the hollow fiber assumes the sealing function, while the outer layer for one sufficient stability, Strength and protection of the hollow fiber ensures or the external appearance the hollow fiber determined. Especially with hollow fibers with low or high pressure is the gas tightness of the hollow fiber of great importance, otherwise by diffusion processes a gradual one Pressure compensation change the temperature limit and thus the functionality impair the invention would.

According to one advantageous development of the invention, the hollow fibers on its inside a surface structure with capillary action around a reflux to ensure the condensate against the action of gravity. It is also possible a surface structure on the outside of the Provide hollow fibers, due to the associated increase in surface area a heat absorption and thus favors evaporation of the working fluid. In addition, the surface texture on the outside the hollow fiber also has a capillary action to moisture, for example, sweat, to be transported through the clothing to the outside.

Prefers is also an embodiment of the Invention in which the hollow fibers divided into a plurality of chambers are at least partially have different lengths. By an alternating Sequence of chambers of different length arise hollow fibers, the regardless on their relative position to the surfaces in a structure according to the invention can be inserted or woven. This embodiment the invention ensures that always a certain proportion of chambers in the sense of the invention is arranged within the structure and even then the functionality the invention is still ensured if in between Chambers not arranged according to the invention are and therefore not for heat transport contribute.

The Invention will be described below with reference to several in the drawings embodiments explained in more detail. It demonstrate

1 a section through a structure according to the invention, the

2 to 4 Sections through further embodiments of a structure according to the invention,

5 a view of a longitudinal section of a hollow fiber according to the invention and the

6a to d cross sections of various embodiments of a hollow fiber according to the invention.

In 1 a first embodiment of the invention is shown with a flat structure 1 , for example, a heat-insulating fabric, Knitted fabric or nonwoven, which may be formed in one or more layers, with rigid or flexible properties. Such a structure 1 is suitable for example for the production of garments or technical textiles such as blankets, sleeping bags and the like. However, the invention is not limited to fabric-like structures, but also includes solid structures, such as acoustic and thermal insulation panel made of polyurethane or polyethylene or mineral or glass wool.

The flat structure 1 forms the separation between an area 2 to which the first surface 3 the structure 1 facing, and an area 4 to which the second surface 5 assigned. The temperature in the areas 2 is lower than the temperature in the range 4 , For a garment, such as a jacket, the area would be equivalent 4 the person facing the inside of the jacket, the area 2 whereas its outside.

Into the structure 1 is a hollow fiber 6 woven, woven or embedded. In the 1 illustrated hollow fiber 6 is representative of a variety of such hollow fibers 6 shown and can be performed as continuous fiber in and / or perpendicular to the plane of representation many times back and forth. Alternatively, a variety of different hollow fibers 6 be arranged parallel or perpendicular to each other. Likewise, it would be appreciated that the areal structure 1 completely made of hollow fibers 6 exists by the individual hollow fibers 6 by a suitable weaving technique for the structure according to the invention 1 interwoven.

As in 1 shown, the hollow fiber runs 6 within the structure 1 in waveform with a repetitive change from the first surface 3 to the second surface 5 and vice versa. In this way, vertices become 7 in the area 2 and vertices 8th in the area 4 formed over the first surface 2 or second surface 5 survive or flush with it.

The on or at the first surface 3 extending section of the hollow fiber 6 is further referred to as condensation area 25 denoted on or at the second surface 5 extending section of the hollow fiber 6 as evaporation area 24 ,

The hollow fibers 6 are made of a gas-tight material and can both consist of a layer as well as be multi-layered, which later under the 6a to d is explained in more detail. As suitable materials for the hollow fiber 6 Among others, metal, glass, ceramics, plastics or metallised plastics are available.

The beginning and the end of each hollow fiber 6 is sealed, for example, by welding or gluing, whereby each hollow fiber 6 a sufficiently gas and liquid-tight cavity 9 is formed, in turn, partially with a working fluid 10 is filled. The type of working fluid 10 depends on the specific boiling point and the intended use of the structure according to the invention 1 from what has already been pointed out. Preferred liquids are water as well as various alcohols or acetone.

The cavity 9 can be subjected to an underpressure or overpressure. In this way, the limit temperature can be set, starting from the existing working fluid 10 evaporated. As a result, safe working fluids such as water can be used for applications that would otherwise prohibit because of their high boiling point.

Advantageous cross sections through a hollow fiber according to the invention 6 are in the 6a to d, which are equally applicable to the in 1 , as well as for those in the 2 to 4 disclosed hollow fibers 6 be valid.

Accordingly, for example, the hollow fiber 6 one of the in the 6a to d shown cross sections have. 6a shows a hollow fiber 6 whose coat 11 for example, consists of a metallized plastic. In the cavity 9 are three axially parallel strand-like plastic elements 12 arranged in each case with a circular full cross section. The plastic elements 12 touch each other with their circumference and also rely on the inner circumference of the shell 11 from. In the contact area with the jacket 11 form the plastic elements 12 to create a capillary pointed gusset 13 out. The gussets 13 cause the return transport of the working fluid 10 from the condensation area 25 to the evaporation area 24 , The larger free cross-sectional areas between the jacket 11 and the plastic elements 12 form flow channels 14 for the evaporation area 24 to the condensation area 25 leading steam flow.

6b shows an embodiment of a hollow fiber according to the invention 6 ' in which the entire of the coat 15 enclosed cross section of the vapor flow as a flow channel 16 is available. Nevertheless, a capillary flow within the hollow fiber 6 ' to get is the inner wall 17 of the coat 15 provided with a fine longitudinal corrugation, which is the cause of the transport of the working fluid 10 back to the evaporation area 24 ,

Another embodiment of a hollow fiber according to the invention 6 '' shows 6c , These revealed hollow fiber 6 '' has a two-ply coat with an inner metallic layer 18 , which ensures the tightness, while the circumferentially outwardly adjoining plastic layer 19 the hollow fiber 6 '' gives her firmness.

In the of the hollow fiber 6 '' enclosed cavity extends an elastic plastic or metal coil 20 with circular cross section, with torsional bias in the hollow fiber 6 '' has been introduced and due to the existing restoring forces over its entire length to the inside of the first layer 18 invests. There forms the helix 20 , analogous to the under 6a described plastic elements 12 , a capillary structure resulting gusset, the flow of the working fluid 10 cause.

The diameter of the coil 20 is in view of the inner diameter of the hollow fiber 6 '' so dimensioned that a central circular flow channel 21 for the vapor flow from the evaporation zone 24 to the condensation area 25 remains.

Another cross-sectional shape of a hollow fiber according to the invention 6 ''' comes from 6d out. The hollow fiber 6 ''' has a plastic jacket 27 , on the one hand a voluminous eccentrically arranged flow channel 28 for the passage of the steam encloses and on the other hand an axially parallel, small-volume and also eccentrically arranged flow channel 29 to return the condensate to the evaporation zone. Here is the distance between the two flow channels 28 and 29 from each other such that the circumference results in an overlap area, which has a slot-shaped connection opening 30 between the two flow channels 28 and 29 forms. Since in this cross-sectional formation of the hollow fiber 6 ''' the steam and condensate flow are spatially separated from each other, their mutual disability is excluded.

The cross-sectional shapes of 6a to d show possible embodiments, the individual features in the context of the invention can also be combined with each other. For example, it is possible to have a capillary structure corresponding to the longitudinal corrugation on the inside 17 the hollow fiber 6 ' also on the hollow fiber according to 6a , c or d to transfer or the mantle of hollow fibers 6 . 6 ' or 6 ''' train in multiple layers. Likewise, within the scope of the invention are embodiments in which the hollow fiber 6 less or more than three plastic elements 12 has or where a capillary structure not only on the inside 17 a hollow fiber 6 . 6 ' . 6 '' or 6 ''' is arranged, but also on the outside.

In the 1 illustrated structure 1 represents an extremely simple, but already functional embodiment of the invention. Is in the field 4 the of the working fluid 10 dependent limit temperature is reached, that begins in the vertices 8th the hollow fiber 6 existing working fluid 10 to evaporate. As a result of the vapor pressure developing during the transition to the gas phase, a vapor flow sets in the direction of the condensation region 25 one.

There the steam is due to in the area 2 Cooling below the limit temperature temperatures and it comes to condensation in the region of the vertices 7 , that is, the vapor condenses again to the working fluid 10 , Due to gravity or due to capillary action reaches the working fluid 10 back to the vertex area 8th the hollow fiber 6 and thus in the evaporation area 24 , where due to the prevailing higher temperatures again heating the working fluid 10 takes place.

Through a variety of such phase change cycles of the working fluid 10 in a variety of hollow fibers 6 becomes a considerable heat transfer from the warm area 4 to the cold area 2 causes and thus a cooling of the warm area 4 reached.

Below the limit temperature no heat transport takes place, so that when the temperature drops in the warm range 4 below the limit temperature the original physical properties of the structure 1 , such as the thermal insulation and vapor diffusion properties and the like come fully to fruition. In particular, in the clothing industry, it is thereby possible to make garments, such as jackets, trousers and the like, which are equally suitable for wearing at both low and high temperatures.

In the 2 revealed further development of in 1 illustrated embodiment of the invention differs from the previously described by a subdivision of the hollow fibers 6 in a variety of chambers 22 , These are the hollow fibers 6 in the middle in the evaporation area 24 or condensation area 25 , which is usually the vertex areas 7 and 8th the hollow fiber 6 corresponds, with locking points 23 provided an exchange of working fluid 10 from a chamber 22 to the adjacent chamber 22 prevention.

The locking points 23 For example, by performing a pinch, twist or weld the hollow fiber 6 produced. The latter can be done for example as a thermal or ultrasonic welding.

This creates a variety of chambers 22 whose one end is in the evaporation zone 24 lies and the other end in the condensation region 25 , In this way there is a flow of vapor and liquid between these two areas 24 and 25 possible.

The advantage of this embodiment is the formation of a plurality of redundant chambers 22 to ensure that in case of leakage of one or more arbitrary chambers 22 the functionality of a structure according to the invention 1 overall.

3a shows a structure according to the invention 1 with a zigzag course of the hollow fiber 6 , Otherwise, the structure according to the invention corresponds 1 the under the 1 or 2 described embodiment. Due to the straight course of the hollow fiber 6 between the evaporation area 24 and condensation area 25 this results in a reinforcing effect, which is a structure according to the invention 1 altogether more stable and stiffer.

At the in 3b illustrated embodiment of the invention are for subdivision of the hollow fiber 6 in chambers 22 the locking points of kinks 26 educated. This is a hollow fiber 6 folded over so that both through the kink 26 separate chambers 22 at the same angle α with respect to the first or second surface 3 . 5 run. This procedure results in kinks 26 in or parallel to the plane of the first or second surface 3 . 5 ,

4 shows an embodiment of the invention in connection with an upright structure 1 , The hollow fibers 6 go through the structure 1 wavy, with a deflection of the hollow fiber 6 in the vertices about 180 degrees. This results in individual sections that are substantially parallel to each other and between the warm area 4 and the cold area 2 a slope to the cold area 2 towards.

Such a course of the hollow fiber 6 within the structure 1 characterized by a high density of evaporation areas 24 and condensation areas 25 with the advantage of a high heat transfer capacity. In addition, due to the unilateral slope of the hollow fiber 6 Gravity-related backflow of the working fluid 10 reached after the condensation.

Also in this embodiment of the invention, the vertices of the hollow fiber 6 be provided to form chambers with locking points. It is also possible to use this embodiment in a lying position.

5 relates to a modification of the hollow fiber 6 whose chambers 22 sometimes have different lengths. In chambers 22 with uniform length, it is necessary for the function of the invention that the locking points 23 in the final state of the structure 1 sit in the right place, so in the middle in the condensation area 24 or evaporation area 25 ,

If the hollow fibers according to the invention 6 already with the shut-off points 23 are prefabricated, which facilitates their production considerably, so must in these cases increased care in the installation of hollow fibers 6 into the structure 1 be spent to the intended location of the locking points 23 within the structure 1 to ensure, namely with the evaporation areas 24 on the warmer surface 5 and the condensation areas 25 on the colder top 3 the structure 1 , This care is unnecessary in a subsequent production of the shut-off 23 on the hollow fiber 6 after its incorporation into a structure according to the invention 1 , However, this is a subsequent step in the structure of the invention 1 perform.

To unite the advantages of both variants, with the embodiment according to 5 proposed, adjacent chambers 22 a hollow fiber 6 with different lengths. The length distribution can be done randomly or according to a specific pattern. 5 shows a hollow fiber 6 with a length distribution of the chambers 22 such that the lengths a to e of five consecutive chambers 22 increases from left to right before repeating this length sequence.

Such a trained hollow fiber 6 can regardless of the relative location of the locking points 23 in a structure according to the invention 1 be incorporated. Due to the different lengths a to e of the individual chambers 22 is guaranteed that always a certain proportion of chambers 22 within the meaning of the invention within the structure 1 will be arranged, namely with a blocking point 23 in the evaporation area 24 and a lockout 23 in the condensation area 25 , It is accepted that always a certain proportion of chambers 22 is not optimally positioned and therefore not or only partially contributes to the heat transfer according to the invention.

Claims (38)

Flat structure of predetermined thickness with a first surface ( 3 ) and a second surface ( 5 ), suitable for transporting heat energy from the second surface ( 5 ) to the first surface ( 3 ), characterized in that the planar structure ( 1 ) at least one sealed, a cavity ( 9 ) forming hollow fiber ( 6 ) whose length is a multiple of the thickness of the structure ( 1 ) and their course for the formation of evaporation areas ( 24 ) on the second surface ( 5 ) and condensation areas ( 25 ) on the first surface ( 3 ) within the structure ( 1 ) often between the first surface ( 3 ) and second surface ( 5 ), whereby the hollow fiber ( 6 ) partially with a vaporizable working fluid ( 10 ) is filled. Structure according to claim 1, characterized in that the hollow fiber ( 6 ) over their length in chambers ( 22 ), whereby at least part of the chambers ( 22 ) one end of the chamber ( 22 ) on the first surface ( 3 ) and the other end of the chamber ( 22 ) on the second surface ( 5 ) is arranged. Structure according to claim 2, characterized in that the ends of the chambers ( 22 ) with locking points ( 23 ) are. Structure according to claim 3, characterized in that the locking points ( 23 ) of welds, mechanical crush points, or kinks are formed. Structure according to one of claims 2 to 4, characterized in that at least eleven part of the chambers ( 22 ) has a different length (a, b, c, d, e). Structure according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the hollow fibers ( 6 ) within the structure ( 1 ) wavy or zigzag. Structure according to claim 6, characterized in that the hollow fibers ( 6 ) within the structure ( 1 ) undulating and in the evaporation area ( 24 ) and / or condensation region ( 25 ) are deflected by about 180 degrees. Structure according to one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the chambers ( 22 ) are subjected to negative or positive pressure. Structure according to one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the working fluid ( 10 ) in the hollow fiber ( 6 ) evaporated from a limit temperature in the range of 25 ° to 35 ° Celsius. Structure according to one of claims 1 to 19, characterized in that the hollow fibers ( 6 ) consist of metal, glass, ceramic plastic or a metallized plastic. Structure according to one of claims 1 to 10, characterized in that the hollow fibers ( 6 ) are multi-layered. Structure according to claim 11, characterized in that the different layers ( 18 . 19 ) have different physical properties. Structure according to one of claims 1 to 12, characterized in that the hollow fibers ( 6 ) have a surface structure inside and / or outside. Structure according to Claim 13, characterized in that the surface structure is suitable for capillary action on the working fluid ( 10 ) exercise. Structure according to claim 13 or 14, characterized in that the surface structure consists of corrugation in the longitudinal direction of the hollow fiber ( 6 ) consists. Structure according to one of claims 1 to 15, characterized in that the hollow fiber ( 6 ) in cross section into several subregions ( 13 . 14 ; 16 ; 21 ; 28 . 29 ) is divided. Structure according to claim 16, characterized in that at least one subregion ( 13 ; 29 ) has a smaller cross section than the other subregions ( 14 ; 28 ) owns. Structure according to claim 16 or 17, characterized in that for the subdivision of the hollow fiber ( 6 ) into subareas ( 13 . 14 ; 16 ; 21 ) one or more cylindrical separating elements ( 12 ; 20 ) in the hollow fiber ( 6 ) are arranged on the inside of the hollow fiber ( 6 ) issue. Structure according to claim 18, characterized in that the separating elements ( 12 ; 20 ) paraxial to the longitudinal axis of the hollow fiber ( 6 ) or helical in the hollow fiber ( 6 ). Nonwoven, knitted or woven fabric, preferably textile fabric, having a structure ( 1 ) according to one of claims 1 to 19. Spacer fabric with a structure ( 1 ) according to one of claims 1 to 19. Heat or sound insulation with a structure ( 1 ) according to one of claims 1 to 19. Hollow fiber suitable for forming a structure ( 1 ) having the features of one of the claims 1 to 19, characterized in that the hollow fiber ( 6 ) a sealed cavity ( 9 ), partially with a vaporizable working fluid ( 10 ) is filled. Hollow fiber according to claim 23, characterized in that the hollow fiber ( 6 ) has a wave-shaped or zigzag course. Hollow fiber according to claim 23 or 24, characterized in that the hollow fiber ( 6 ) by arranging locking points ( 23 ) into a plurality of chambers ( 22 ) is divided. Hollow fiber according to claim 25, characterized in that the locking points ( 23 ) in the deflection region of the hollow fiber ( 6 ) are arranged. Hollow fiber according to claim 25 or 26, characterized in that the chambers ( 22 ) at least partially have different lengths (a, b, c, d, e). Hollow fiber according to one of claims 25 to 27, characterized in that the locking points ( 23 ) are formed by welding, mechanical crushing or kinking. Hollow fiber according to one of claims 23 to 28, characterized in that the hollow fiber ( 6 ) is subjected to over or under pressure. Hollow fiber according to one of claims 23 to 29, characterized in that the working fluid ( 10 ) in the hollow fiber ( 6 ) evaporated from a limit temperature in the range of 25 ° to 35 ° Celsius. Hollow fiber according to one of claims 23 to 30, characterized in that the fibers ( 6 ) are multi-layered and the different layers ( 18 . 19 ) have different physical properties. Hollow fiber according to one of claims 23 to 31, characterized in that the hollow fiber ( 6 ) consists of metal, glass, ceramic plastic or a metallized plastic. Hollow fiber according to one of claims 23 to 32, characterized in that the hollow fibers ( 6 ) have a surface structure inside and / or outside. Hollow fiber according to claim 33, characterized in that the surface structure is suitable for capillary action on the working fluid ( 10 ) and preferably from a corrugation in the longitudinal direction of the hollow fiber ( 6 ) consists. Hollow fiber according to one of claims 23 to 34, characterized in that the hollow fiber ( 6 ) in cross section into several subregions ( 13 . 14 ; 16 ; 21 ; 28 . 29 ) is divided. Hollow fiber according to claim 35, characterized in that at least one subregion ( 13 ; 29 ) has a smaller cross section than the other subregions ( 14 ; 28 ) owns. Hollow fiber according to claim 35 or 36, characterized in that for the subdivision of the hollow fiber ( 6 ) into subareas ( 13 . 14 ; 16 ; 21 ; 28 . 29 ) one or more cylindrical separating elements ( 12 ; 20 ) in the hollow fiber ( 6 ) are arranged on the inside of the hollow fiber ( 6 ) issue. Hollow fiber according to claim 1837, characterized in that the separating elements ( 12 ; 20 ) paraxial to the longitudinal axis of the hollow fiber ( 6 ) or helical in the hollow fiber ( 6 ).