DE102006021138B3 - Method for automatically monitoring the position of frame elements of a frame of a deforming machine used to forge workpieces comprises measuring the actual position of the frame elements using a measuring device and further processing - Google Patents

Abstract

Method for automatically monitoring the position of frame elements of a frame of a deforming machine used to forge workpieces comprises measuring the actual position or actual relative position of the frame elements (2, 3) using a measuring device (11, 12), comparing the measured values with theoretical values using an evaluation device (10) and producing monitoring information or a monitoring signal if the evaluation device has established a deviation of the actual value from the theoretical value. Independent claims are also included for the following: (1) Method for hot deforming workpieces; (2) Device for automatically monitoring the position of frame elements of a frame of a deforming machine used to forge workpieces; and (3) Device for hot deforming workpieces.

Description

The The invention relates to a method and a device for each automatic monitoring of the position of at least two frame elements a forming machine for forging workpieces.

To the Cold or hot forming or forging of metallic workpieces are forming machines used, in particular beating forming machines such as forging hammers, crank presses and screw presses, in particular flywheel screw presses. The workpiece is thereby formed between two tool parts of the forming machine.

According to VDI-Encyclopedia "Production Technology Process Engineering"; Dr. Hierrig, VDI-Verlag, 1995, pages 1107 to 1113 divided forging hammers in Schabottehämmer, these in turn divided into hammers and overhead hammers, and Counterblow hammers. A Schabottehammer comprises a fixed to a machine frame Schabotte (or: a carrier, an anvil) with a relative to the workpiece fixed tool part and on the machine frame movably guided bats or short bears with a relative to the workpiece and to the Schabotte, usually vertical, moving tool part. A counter-hammer has two against each other and each relative to the floor or to the hammer rack, vertically or horizontally, moved strikers up. The drives for the Bears from blacksmith hammers are generally hydraulic or pneumatic. In the actual Forming or working process are the hammer frame and the hammer drives of a forging hammer relieved of the forming force, so that forging hammers are not overloadable are.

at Screw presses, the moving tool part is attached to a ram, the fixed relative to the stationary on the machine frame tool part moved in a straight line by a spindle. The drive of the spindle and so that the pestle is over one Drive motor and / or a flywheel as energy storage (VDI dictionary supra)

The Forming (pressure) force as well as the forming temperature depend on the material of which the workpiece is made, as well as the requirements to the dimensional accuracy and surface quality. malleable Materials are basically all malleable metals and metal alloys, and both ferrous Materials such as steels as well as non-ferrous metals, such as magnesium, aluminum, titanium, Copper, nickel and alloys thereof. The occurring during forging Temperatures can in a so-called cold forming in the range of room temperature, in a warm forging, e.g. of steel, between 550 ° C and 750 ° C and at a so-called hot working, e.g. of steel, above 900 ° C. The forming temperature is usually also placed in a temperature range in which the for forming required formability or fluidity of the material is present as well as recovery and recrystallization processes can take place in the material and also undesirable Phase transformations are avoided.

It are blacksmith hammers known with a massive U-shaped Machine frame with lateral legs, one moving Mass (hammer bear), a tool and a drive system. The tool includes two forming tool parts, wherein a tool part on the transverse Bottom part of the U-shaped Machine frame is attached and the other tool part attached to the hammer bear is. The hammer bear with the attached tool part is between the legs of the U-shaped Machine frame forming two frame elements or side posts with guide play guided. By colliding the tool parts is at one in the tool inserted workpiece blank completed the forming process and thus the workpiece in its desired final shape brought.

The DE 197 52 290 A1 discloses a method and apparatus for measuring attitude and / or orientation of cooperating machine units, wherein at least one machine unit is movable relative to another and optionally positions of the machine units are corrected. By means of sensors acting in parallel, which determine at least one of the variables distance, position, solid angle or orientation or one of their change variables, is measured continuously or in the shortest possible distances, independently of the drive axes of the machine units, without the sensors and / or the machine units in their special To move measuring position.

One important measure of the quality of forgings is the offset caused by a poor alignment of the two forming tool parts of the forming machine arises. As a maximum permissible Offsets typically become 0.05, depending on the forging mm to 0.15 mm accepted. Before production begins both tool parts therefore aligned exactly with each other to avoid the offset or to keep it low.

The invention is based on the observation that due to the introduced during forging into the tool room of the forming machine Heat energy can adjust a temperature difference or a temperature gradient between the inner sides and the outer sides of the frame members of the machine frame, in particular the lateral legs of the U-shaped machine frame of said forging hammers, and as a result, a deformation of the frame members, in particular a curvature or a spreading of the lateral Leg of the U-shaped machine frame, can occur. The invention is further based on the further observation that it can also come when driving in clamping wedges for attaching a tool part to the machine frame by different handling to a different spreading of the frame members. These thermally or by the clamping wedges deformations of the frame members can now, especially if they are not symmetrical or simply too large, lead to a change in the position of the tool parts relative to each other and thereby the offset of the forgings can rise.

The Invention is based on the consideration, the position or position automatically monitor the rack elements to adverse effects a thermally or mechanically conditioned change in the position of the frame elements, especially on the offset of the forgings, to avoid or at least to reduce.

According to the invention Therefore, a method with the features of claim 1 and a device with the features of claim 19 proposed for automatic monitoring the location of the frame elements.

• a) Messen (oder: Erfassen, Bestimmen) der aktuellen Positionen oder der aktuellen Relativposition der beiden Gestellelemente oder jeweils einer mit diesen aktuellen Positionen oder dieser aktuellen Relativposition eindeutig korrelierten Größe als Ist-Wert(e) mittels wenigstens einer Messeinrichtung (oder: Erfassungseinrichtung),
• b) Vergleichen des oder der gemessenen Ist-Werte(s) der Gestellelemente mit einem zugehörigen vorgegebenen Soll-Wert mittels wenigstens einer Auswertungseinrichtung (oder: Vergleichseinrichtung),
• c) Erzeugen einer Überwachungsinformation oder eines Überwachungssignals, falls die Auswertungseinrichtung eine außerhalb wenigstens eines vorgegebenen oder vorgebbaren Abweichungsbereichs (oder: Toleranzbereichs) liegende Abweichung des oder der Ist-Werte(s) von dem oder den Soll-Wert(en) festgestellt hat.

The method according to claim 1 is provided for automatically monitoring the position of at least two frame elements of a machine frame of a forming machine for forging workpieces. The forming machine comprises at least one forming tool with a first tool part and a second tool part, wherein the first tool part is fastened to a carrier (also: bear; plunger), which can be moved back and forth between the two frame elements. The following method steps are provided:

• a) measuring (or: detecting, determining) the current positions or the current relative position of the two frame elements or in each case a variable which is uniquely correlated with these current positions or this current relative position as the actual value (e) by means of at least one measuring device (or: detection device) .
• b) comparing the measured or actual values (s) of the frame elements with an associated predetermined setpoint value by means of at least one evaluation device (or: comparison device),
• c) generating a monitoring information or a monitoring signal if the evaluation device has detected a deviation of the one or more actual values (s) from the setpoint value (s) lying outside at least one predefined or predefinable deviation range (or tolerance range).

• a) wenigstens eine Messeinrichtung (oder: Erfassungseinrichtung) zum Messen (oder: Erfassen) der aktuellen Positionen (oder: Lagen) oder der aktuellen Relativposition der beiden Gestellelemente oder jeweils einer mit diesen aktuellen Positionen oder dieser aktuellen Relativposition eindeutig korrelierten Größe als Ist-Wert(e),
• b) wenigstens eine Auswertungseinrichtung (oder: Vergleichseinrichtung) zum Vergleichen des oder der gemessenen Ist-Werte(s) der Gestellelemente mit einem zugehörigen vorgegebenen Soll-Wert,
• c) eine Überwachungseinrichtung oder Mittel zum Erzeugen einer Überwachungsinformation oder eines Überwachungssignals, falls die Auswertungseinrichtung eine außerhalb wenigstens eines vorgegebenen oder vorgebbaren Abweichungsbereichs liegende Abweichung des oder der Ist-Werte(s) von dem oder den Soll-Wert(en) festgestellt hat.

The device according to claim 19 is provided for automatically monitoring the position of at least two frame elements of a machine frame of a forming machine for forging workpieces, wherein the forming machine comprises at least one forming tool with a first tool part and a second tool part and wherein the first tool part on a support, the guided between the two frame members with a guide play, is fixed, and comprises

• a) at least one measuring device (or: detecting device) for measuring (or: detecting) the current positions (or: layers) or the current relative position of the two frame elements or each one of these current positions or this current relative position uniquely correlated size as an actual value (e)
• b) at least one evaluation device (or: comparison device) for comparing the measured or actual values (s) of the frame elements with an associated predetermined setpoint value,
• c) a monitoring device or means for generating a monitoring information or a monitoring signal, if the evaluation device has detected an outside of at least one predetermined or predeterminable deviation range deviation of the or the actual values (s) of the desired value (s).

Therefore takes place according to the invention So a measurement of actual values, a comparison of the actual values with Target value (s) and an output of a monitoring information at one too big Deviation of the actual values from the desired value (s), in particular to issue a warning or message and / or a security measure such as For example, an interruption of the forming or the tool movement initiate.

advantageous Embodiments and developments of the method and the device according to the invention emerge from the dependent claims of claim 1 and claim 19, respectively.

In an advantageous embodiment, the actual values for the current positions or the current relative position of the two frame elements by measuring each at least one actual distance of each frame element of each associated reference location or determined by a common reference location, in particular by means of at least one distance sensor. For this purpose, in particular, the absolute position of the machine frame, in particular by means of a, for example, arranged in the foundation pit of the forming, sensor, measured and taken into account in the determination of the actual values to account for displacements of the frame.

Preferably are at least two sensors for measuring each of the current position an associated one the two frame elements provided, preferably at least in each case a distance sensor on each of the outer sides facing away from each other the frame elements.

alternative can also the actual values for the current relative position of the two frame elements by measuring at least one actual distance of the two frame elements It is also an indirect measurement, where the actual values for the current positions or the current relative position of the two Frame elements by measuring in each case the surface temperature (s) of the frame elements determined as correlated size (s) become possible.

Of the or the sensor (s) can a measuring range of 5 mm and / or a resolution of more than 0,005 mm, preferably of 0.001 mm. In an advantageous embodiment the sensors are laser distance sensors. Enable laser distance sensors a very accurate and non-contact Measuring the distances, the prerequisite for one possible exact correction of the actual positions of the legs is.

Advantageous is at least one carrier device for the or the sensors, preferably in addition to the forming machine in lateral distance is set up or set up, and more preferably one closed, surrounding the two frame members support frame includes, wherein the support frame preferably over Support (or: legs, support columns) on Ground fixed or placed on the ground.

In an advantageous embodiment there is the carrier device or the support frame at least partially made of a material with low thermal expansion in an ambient temperature range and / or the Invar effect and thus having a particularly low thermal expansion Iron alloy or manganese alloy, preferably one of the Invar effect having iron-nickel alloy, preferably with a high Nickel content of in particular by 35%, or iron-nickel-cobalt alloy (Superinvar).

In a preferred embodiment are for the deviations of the measured actual value (s) from the or the desired value (s) at least two different deviation ranges given or predetermined, with a first range of deviation within a second range of deviation.

It is now preferably the monitoring information or the monitoring signal issued as a warning and / or documented, if the of the deviation detected outside the evaluation device of the (single) deviation range or outside the first deviation range and at the same time still within the second deviation range lies, and / or by means of the monitoring information or the monitoring signal interrupted the forming process and / or the relative movement of the carrier stopped with the forming tools and / or switched off the forming machine, if the deviation detected by the evaluation device outside the Deviation range, or both outside the first deviation range lies as well as outside of the second deviation range.

With other words are so regarding the deviation of the actual values or actual positions from the target value (s) or the setpoint position (s), in particular definable, limit positions defined, when they are reached, at least the warning is output, and preferably defined further border positions, at which the safety measure is initiated at the latest will interrupt as the forming process and / or the forming tool to stop and / or the forming tool in a safe starting position bring to.

Especially a regulation or a correction of the actual values is preferred Frame elements on the or the associated target value (s) or again in the permitted Deviation range, ie a feedback solution by means of at least one adjusting or correcting device, by means of the monitoring information or the monitoring signal.

These Control or correction of the actual value or values (s) is preferably carried out through local warming and / or cooling on the frame elements, in particular by means of thermal radiation, with corresponding Heating device (s), in particular radiant heater (s) provided become.

Preferably, the at least one correction device heats the outer sides of the frame elements facing away from one another. A heating of the outside is particularly advantageous, since the offset of the legs is done in particular by the heating of the inner sides thereof and a reduction of the temperature gradient also characterized caused misalignment. As a result, the same temperature as on the insides can be adjusted on the outer sides with the aid of the control and so also the lateral offset can be minimized.

A Control device is preferably connected to the or each correction device, with the or each evaluation device and with the means for Generate the monitoring information or the monitoring signal and in particular includes a step controller or a Continuous controller. A step controller is comparatively cheap and easy to integrate into the device, as this in a given Only a limited number of regulatory operations, and thus emits only a limited number of signals. moreover whose signals are easier to digitize because they are more quantified are. Furthermore, a step controller has particularly advantageous properties in the presence of large Time constants on.

at the invention hits the big one Mass of the frame elements of the forming machine with a relatively small Correction performance, in particular a relatively low heat output together, creating a great Time constant arises. A continuous controller allows a very precise and fast response scheme.

Prefers is for each frame element provided its own correction or control loop with separate position measurement and correction or regulation of the position of the respective frame element. In this embodiment with two separate Circles for Acquisition, evaluation and correction or regulation will be the offset each frame element detected separately and optionally separately corrected so that a parallel offset is minimized and also by the mutual detection and correction the control speed elevated becomes. This is also advantageous, since at different heat input both Frame elements can react differently.

Preferably the at least one correction device comprises at least one in particular electrically operated heating. Electric heaters are particularly easy to integrate into a forming machine, the Heating energy is over supplied the already existing power grid. For this purpose are preferred two radiators or radiant heater used for which has a heating power of 7 to 9 kilowatts, in particular However, from 8 kilowatts has proved advantageous. Especially preferred become the radiators Attached to consoles on the floor separately from the forming machine are attached. Thus, there is preferably no direct connection to the forming machine, which shakes from the radiators can be kept away. The transfer the heating power to the frame elements then takes place by means of thermal radiation. Particularly preferably, the mounting height of the radiator or Heater above the Ground at least approximately at the position on the inside of the Frame elements the heat energy is introduced into the tool room of the forming machine.

alternative However, the heating can also over other known methods, for example one by oil or gas operated heating done. Furthermore, the correction to mechanical Way done, for example, over Motors that correct the positions of the frame elements.

Preferably correspond to the or the desired value (s) of the frame elements one predetermined leadership game between the carrier the first tool part and the frame elements and possibly between one for too the second tool part provided carrier and the two frame elements. By correcting deviations of the actual positions of the frame elements from the target positions by the correction device (s) can thus the forming always with the same or approximately the same leadership game take place between the forming tool and the legs. Thereby the offset of the forgings is avoided or at least minimized because of a temperature-induced deformation of the leadership of the carrier of the counteracted provided first tool part frame members becomes.

The supervision according to the invention can also advantageous when securing the second tool part of the forming tool on the machine frame, in particular one the two frame elements connecting floor element of the machine frame, preferably by means of Wedges are used. These will be during or immediately after attaching the second tool part to the machine frame, especially when driving the wedges, monitors the position of the frame elements or the actual value (s) measured and with the corresponding target value (s) and it becomes a monitoring information or a monitoring signal generated if an invalid Deviation from the target value (s) is detected.

As well or additionally The position of the frame elements can also be during a preparation of the Forming machine to be monitored before forming.

The preparation of the forming machine before forming, for example, includes the heating of the forming machine, in particular the Forging tools or the first and second tool part and the bear or the to operating temperature.

In A particularly advantageous embodiment is an or each measuring step for measuring the actual value (s) and / or reading or evaluating signals or data and / or the Compare the actual value (s) with the associated Target value and / or the generation of a monitoring signal or a monitoring information in a predetermined or predefinable time interval, preferably at least 5 to 10 seconds, after a forming step or after a final Umformschlag the forming machine and / or at rest Tool parts performed is, especially if the forming tool previously for a given or predeterminable time, preferably of at least 5 to 10 seconds, no impact Has. After this period are possible vibrations of the frame elements after a Umformschlag usually subsided, so that by Vibration-related measurement errors are minimized.

The monitoring process and the monitoring device according to the invention are preferred in a forming process or a forming device used in the or in at least one forming step first tool part and a second tool part of a forming tool a forming machine moves relative to each other and a workpiece is formed between the two tool parts and then the both tool parts are moved away from each other again, wherein A carrier (or: bear; Pestle), on the first tool part is fastened between two frame elements led the forming machine is movable back and forth.

The two frame elements form in particular together with a Essentially connecting two frame elements floor element a U-shaped machine frame form, with a spread of the two U-legs forming frame elements monitored can be.

preferred Applications of the invention are when using a forge hammer, in particular a Schabotte hammer, or a screw press or a crank press as a forming machine and / or forging and / or for warm forging, typically ferrous metals between 550 ° C and 750 ° C, or hot working, typically ferrous metals above 900 ° C, and / or for forming workpieces made of malleable metals and metal alloys, including ferrous Materials such as steels as well as non-ferrous metals such as magnesium, aluminum, Titanium, copper, nickel and alloys thereof. In general are the tools of the forming machine forming dies for bound forming of the workpiece.

Preferably the setpoint positions or setpoint values are measured in advance or predefinable. A measurement or specification of the desired positions enables the flexible consideration the current positions of the legs before the beginning of the forming process. Preferably, the at least one evaluation device sets the Nominal positions of the legs equal to their actual positions before the beginning of the forming. The system is then, for example, to the current ambient temperature adjusted.

Prefers is the allowed one Offset of the frame elements depending on the individual workpiece adjustable. As permissible Offset has a range between 0.025 and 0.3 millimeters proved to be advantageous, more preferably a range between 0.05 and 0.15 millimeters.

Preferably the at least one evaluation device in the control of Integrated forming machine. This reduces the overall cost of the controller. In an advantageous embodiment the operation and visualization takes place via a screen, in particular the screen of the forming machine. This embodiment facilitates the ongoing quality control. Preferably, the determined data are stored. This embodiment makes the later easier Understand the manufacturing process, for example for quality assurance purposes. In particular, temperature data and data of the spread measurements are used preferably over a longer one Period saved.

The transfer the measurement and / or control signals between the at least one evaluation device, the at least one measuring device and the at least one Correction device is preferably wired, with particular Preferably, an industrial bus system is used. In a alternative advantageous embodiment can the transmission of individual or even all measuring and / or control signals, however also wirelessly, especially over Radio, done.

The The invention will be further explained below with reference to exemplary embodiments. there is also referred to the drawings, in whose

1 a device according to the invention for monitoring the position of frame members of a forming machine in perspective view and

2 a device according to the invention for monitoring the position of frame members of a forming machine in cross section
is shown.

1 shows the U-frame designed as a forging hammer forming machine 1 in a perspective view with a U-shaped machine frame with a first frame element (leg) 2 and a second frame element (thigh) 3 as well as a forming tool 5 , its first tool part 6 on the top of a bear or pestle 41 is attached as a carrier and with this between the frame elements 2 and 3 up and down with a guide game. The second tool part 7 is in the forming machine below the two frame elements 2 and 3 on the underside of a frame insert or anvil insert 40 fixed as a carrier and not movable up and down during the forming.

To achieve good forming results, it is necessary that between the two frame elements 2 and 3 at the first tool part 6 Minimize occurring or keep constant occurring leadership game, because by an excessive leadership game an undesirable misalignment of the forgings can occur.

By heating or by mechanical stress can now be a deformation, in particular a curvature or spread, the frame elements 2 and 3 occur. The relative lateral offset d1 of the frame element 2 is through the sensor 11 detected, the relative lateral offset d2 of the frame element 3 is through the sensor 12 detected. The sensor 11 measures the distance to the outside 2A of the frame element 2 , the sensor 12 measures the distance to the outside 3A of the frame element 3 , The detected signals of the sensor 11 be over the line 25 to the evaluation device 9 from, depending on the current offset, over the line 26 the heating element 20 is controlled. The detected signals of the sensor 12 be over the line 28 to the evaluation device 10 from, depending on the current offset, over the line 29 the heating element 21 is controlled.

Another sensor 18 , which is located in the foundation pit, monitors the absolute position of the forming machine 1 and measures their absolute offset dd, that over the line 27 to the evaluation device 9 and over the line 30 to the evaluation device 10 is transmitted.

In the evaluation facilities 9 and 10 Each step controller is implemented.

The step controller in evaluation device 9 compares the nominal position of the leg 2 with its actual position and regulates at a by the absolute offset dd of the forming machine 1 reduced relative offset d1, which is higher than the maximum allowable relative offset, by driving the heating element 21 the position of the thigh 2 ,

The step controller in evaluation device 10 compares the nominal position of the leg 3 with its actual position and regulates at a by the absolute offset dd of the forming machine 1 reduced relative offset d2, which is higher than the maximum allowable relative offset, by driving the heating element 22 the position of the thigh 3 ,

The measuring signals and the control signals of the evaluation device 9 be over the line 31 , the measurement signals and the control signals of the evaluation device 10 be over the line 32 to the display and input unit 35 forwarded and can be visualized and stored on these.

The display and input unit 35 can also control signals to the evaluation facilities 9 and 10 send. This includes, for example, a user-definable specification of the maximum allowable offset for the frame elements 2 and 3 ,

The heating element 20 is on the console 22 attached, the heating element 21 is on the console 23 appropriate. The consoles 22 and 23 are on both sides laterally next to the forming machine 1 attached to the floor and slightly inward towards the thighs 2 and 3 the forming machine 1 inclined.

The transfer of heating power from the heating element 20 to the frame element 2 as well as from the heating element 21 to the frame element 3 takes place by means of heat radiation, the heat output is 8kW each. The height of the heating element 20 above the ground corresponds to the position on the inside 2 B of the frame element 2 Heat energy is introduced, the height of the heating element 21 above the ground corresponds to the position on the inside 3B of the frame element 3 Heat energy is initiated.

By heating the frame element 2 or 3 on the outside 2A respectively. 3A a thermal expansion takes place in the region of the outside 2A respectively. 3A of the frame element 2 respectively. 3 , which causes the frame element 2 respectively. 3 deformed so that the outward curvature is reduced.

The sensors are on a support frame 13 mounted, which has a rectangular outer contour and in the upper region of the frame members 2 and 3 this is formed enclosing. The carrier frame 13 is about supports 14 to 17 attached to the ground and supported.

2 schematically shows the device according to the invention in cross section on the one hand in the original state without offset, and dashed lines the forming machine according to the invention with absolute offset dd to the ground and relative offset d1 and d2 of the two legs 2 and 3 to the forming machine. The evaluation devices can control the heating elements such that the offset of the leg 2 around d1-dd and the offset of the thigh 3 is corrected by d2-dd.

The attachment of the tool parts is preferably carried out by means of wedges, which are driven manually with great force. Also by the wedge effect, the lateral legs can 2 and 3 open or spread. For this reason, in a preferred embodiment by the at least one detection device and the opening of the lateral legs 2 and 3 monitored and / or visualized when driving in the wedges.

• • Ausgeben einer Warnung
• • Dokumentation der Abweichung, z.B. durch Datenspeicherung, Ausdruck, Anzeige auf einem Bildschirm etc.
• • Anhalten des bewegten Umformwerkzeugteils und/oder
• • Bewegen in eine sichere Parkposition, die abhängig von dem Vorzeichen der Abweichung ist, insbesondere bei zu starker Nähe der Gestellständer oben an einer zum anderen Werkzeugteil nahen Parkposition oder bei zu starker Spreizung der beiden Gestellelemente in einer vom anderen Werkzeugteil entfernten Parkposition
• • Abschalten oder Deaktivieren der Umformmaschine
• • Korrektur des Ist-Wert wieder auf den Soll-Wert innerhalb des Toleranzbereiches mittels Stellmitteln, beispielsweise den Heizelementen 20 und 21

If during the monitoring or in particular the comparison an impermissible, ie outside the predetermined tolerance range, deviation from the desired position, in particular of the sensors measured actual value of the target value is determined, preferably takes place one or more of the following measures:

• • Issue a warning
• • documentation of the deviation, eg by data storage, printout, display on a screen etc.
• Stopping the moving forming tool part and / or
• Moving to a safe parking position, which is dependent on the sign of the deviation, in particular at too close proximity of the frame stand at the top of a parking position close to the other tool part or if the two frame elements are spread too far in a parking position away from the other tool part
• • Switch off or deactivate the forming machine
• • Correction of the actual value back to the target value within the tolerance range by means of adjusting means, for example the heating elements 20 and 21

Prefers are re the deviation of the actual positions from the desired positions first, in particular definable limit positions defined and when one or several first limit positions becomes an acoustic or optical Warning signal output and / or the forming process is interrupted and / or the tool is stopped and / or the forming tool is brought into a starting position. A warning signal is an important one Aids for the operator who after sounding the Additional signal Can perform checks of the workpiece. In certain cases, For example, in fully automatic handling, can also stop of the tool and / or a move to its original position be useful to the quality ensure the formed parts, or at least the risk to produce defective parts, to reduce them.

Prefers are re the deviation of the actual positions from the set positions second, defined in particular definable limit positions and upon reaching one or more second limit positions becomes the forming tool brought into a starting position.

1

forming machine

2, 3

leg

2A, 3A

outsides

2 B, 3B

insides

4

machine frame

5

forming tool

6

first tool part

7

second tool part

9 10

evaluation devices

11 12, 18

sensors

13

frame

14 to 17

Support

20 21

heating elements

22 23

consoles

25 to 32

cables

35

Display- and input unit

40

anvil use

41

tappet

dd

absolute offset

d1 d2

relative offset

Claims (31)

Method for automatically monitoring the position of at least two frame elements of a machine frame of a forming machine for forging workpieces, wherein the forming machine ( 1 ) at least one forming tool ( 5 ) with a first tool part ( 6 ) and a second tool part ( 7 ) and wherein the first tool part ( 6 ) is attached to a support, which is guided back and forth between the two frame elements, with the following method steps: a) measuring the current positions or the current relative position of the two frame elements ( 2 . 3 ) or in each case a variable which is uniquely correlated with these current positions or this current relative position as the actual value (e) by means of at least one measuring device ( 11 . 12 b) comparing the measured actual value (s) of the frame elements with an associated one given target value by means of at least one evaluation device ( 10 ), c) generating a monitoring information or a monitoring signal if the evaluation device has detected a deviation of the one or more actual values (s) from the desired value (s) outside at least one predetermined or predefinable deviation range. Method according to claim 1, wherein the actual values for the current positions or the current relative position of the two Frame elements by measuring each of at least one current Distance of each frame element from a respectively associated reference location or determined by a common reference location. Method according to Claim 2, in which the absolute position of the machine frame ( 4 ) is taken into account and taken into account in the determination of the actual values. Method according to claim 1, wherein the actual values for the current relative position of the two frame elements by measuring at least one actual distance of the two frame elements be determined from each other Method according to claim 1, wherein the actual values for the current positions or the current relative position of the two Frame elements by measuring in each case the surface temperature (s) of the frame elements be determined as correlated size (s). Method according to one of the preceding claims, in the evaluation device deviations of the measured or Actual values (s) of the desired value (s) in at least two different from each other determine predetermined or predeterminable deviation ranges or with a first range of variation within one second deviation range. Method according to one of the preceding claims, in the monitoring information or the monitoring signal is issued as a warning message and / or documented if the Deviation detected by the evaluation facility outside of the deviation range lies or lies outside the first deviation range and at the same time still within the second deviation range. Method according to one of the preceding claims, in by means of the monitoring information or the monitoring signal the forming process is interrupted and / or the relative movement the carrier is stopped with the forming tools and / or the forming machine is turned off, if detected by the evaluation device Deviation outside of the deviation range or both outside the first deviation range lies as well as outside the second deviation range. Method according to one of the preceding claims, in by means of the monitoring information or the monitoring signal the actual value (s) of the frame elements are regulated to the associated desired value (s) become or again within the specified or predefinable deviation range, in particular the first range of deviation to the associated target value (s) is or will be corrected. The method of claim 9, wherein the control or correction of the actual value (s) by local heating and / or Cooling takes place on the frame elements, in particular by means of heat radiation. Method according to one of the preceding claims, in the one or more predetermined or specifiable desired value (s) of Frame elements a predetermined guide play between the carrier of the first tool part and the frame elements correspond. Method according to one of the preceding claims, in which also the second tool part ( 6 ) of the forming tool on a support, which is guided between the two frame elements guided with a guide play back and forth, is fixed and in which the predetermined or predetermined target value (s) of the frame elements and a predetermined guide play between the carrier of the second Tool part and the frame elements correspond. Method according to one of the preceding claims, in the second tool part of the forming tool on the machine frame, in particular a floor element connecting the two frame elements of the machine frame, detachable, preferably by means of wedges, fastened or fixed, and while or immediately after attaching the second tool part the machine frame, in particular when driving in the wedges, the Location of the frame elements monitored or the actual value (s) measured and with the corresponding target value (s) is compared and be and monitoring information or a monitoring signal be generated if an invalid Deviation from the target value (s) is detected. Method according to one of the preceding claims, wherein measuring the actual value (s) and / or comparing the one or more Actual values (s) with the associated desired value and / or generating a monitoring signal or a monitoring information in a predetermined or predeterminable time interval, preferably at least 5 to 10 seconds, after a forming step or after a final Umformschlag the forming machine and / or is carried out at dormant tool parts, especially when the forming tool has previously carried out for a predetermined or predetermined time, preferably of at least 5 to 10 seconds, no impact. Method according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the position of the frame elements during preparation of the forming machine ( 1 ) is monitored before forming. Method according to one of the preceding claims, in the two frame elements together with one of the two frame elements connecting floor element a substantially U-shaped machine frame form or legs of a substantially U-shaped machine frame and / or the forming machine is a forging hammer, in particular drop forging hammer. Method for forming, in particular hot forming, of workpieces, in which a) in at least one forming step a first tool part and a second tool part of a forming tool of a forming machine relative to each other moves toward each other and a workpiece between the two tool parts is formed and then the two tool parts again from each other b) wherein a support on which the first tool part ( 6 ) is moved back and forth between two frame elements of the forming machine, a) before or after at least one forming step, the method for monitoring the position of the frame members is carried out according to one of the preceding claims. Method according to Claim 17, in which, by correcting the actual values to or from the nominal value (s) during the monitoring process, the forming in each forming step always takes place with the same or approximately equal guide clearance between the forming tool (e). 5 ) and / or the first tool part and / or the second tool part on the one hand and the frame elements ( 2 . 3 ) on the other hand. Device for automatically monitoring the position of at least two frame elements of a machine frame of a forming machine for forging workpieces, wherein the forming machine ( 1 ) at least one forming tool ( 5 ) with a first tool part ( 6 ) and a second tool part ( 7 ) and wherein the first tool part ( 6 ) is fastened to a carrier, which can be moved back and forth between the two frame elements with a guide play, with a) at least one measuring device ( 11 . 12 ) for measuring the current positions or the current relative position of the two frame elements ( 2 . 3 ) or in each case a variable uniquely correlated with these current positions or this current relative position as the actual value (e), b) at least one evaluation device ( 10 c) means for generating a monitoring information or a monitoring signal, if the evaluation device has a deviation of the or at least one of a predefined or predefinable deviation range lying outside the at least one predetermined or predeterminable deviation range the actual value (s) of the setpoint (s) has been determined. Apparatus according to claim 19, wherein said at least a measuring device at least one, preferably at least two, Sensor (s) includes for measuring each of the current position of a the two frame elements. Apparatus according to claim 20, wherein each sensor a distance sensor is, preferably a laser distance sensor. Apparatus according to claim 20 or claim 21, wherein the at least one measuring device at least one carrier device for the or the sensors, preferably adjacent to the forming machine placed at a side distance or can be set up. Apparatus according to claim 22, wherein the at least one support means comprises a closed, the two frame members surrounding the support frame, wherein the support frame preferably via supports ( 14 to 17 ) is fixed to the ground or placed on the ground. Apparatus according to claim 22 or claim 23, wherein the carrier device or the carrier frame at least partially made of a material with low thermal Expansion in an ambient temperature range or Invar effect having iron alloy or manganese alloy, preferably one Invar-effect iron-nickel alloy, preferably with a high nickel content of in particular 35%, or iron-nickel-cobalt alloy consists. Device according to one of claims 20 to 24, wherein at least one further sensor for Mes sen of the absolute position of the machine frame ( 4 ) is provided, in particular in the foundation pit of the forming machine. Device according to one of claims 20 to 25, wherein the or the sensor (s) have a measuring range of 5 mm and / or a resolution of more than 0.005 mm, preferably of 0.001 mm. Device according to one of claims 19 to 26, comprising at least a correction device for correcting the actual values of the frame elements the desired value (s) or dependent from the monitoring information or the monitoring signal, preferably in each case a correction device for each Frame member. Apparatus according to claim 27, comprising a control device, that with the or each correction device, with the or each one Evaluation device and the means for generating the monitoring information or the monitoring signal Connected or connectable, for regulating the actual values on the or the associated Target value (s) or again in the specified or predefinable deviation range, in particular the first range of deviation, around the associated target value (s), preferably a step controller or continuous controller. Device for forming, in particular hot forming, of workpieces, in particular for carrying out the method according to one of claims 1 to 18, with a) at least one forming machine with a machine frame with at least two frame elements and at least one forming tool ( 5 ) with a first tool part ( 6 ) and a second tool part ( 7 ), wherein the first tool part ( 6 ) is attached to a support, which is movable between the two frame elements with a guide play back and forth, and with b) at least one device according to one of claims 19 to 28 for monitoring the position of the frame members of the forming machine. Device according to one of claims 19 to 29, wherein the two frame elements together with one of the two frame elements connecting floor element a substantially U-shaped machine frame form or legs of a substantially U-shaped machine frame. Device according to one of claims 19 to 30, and / or the Forming a forging hammer, in particular drop forging hammer, is.