DE102006020664A1 - Parallel hybrid drive train operating method for hydraulic motor vehicle, involves varying predetermined set point after starting of starting procedure based on conditions of engine, starting device and electrical storage device - Google Patents

Abstract

The method involves guiding a part of an entire drive torque in a direction of an output side (5) by using a starting device (6), where the part is determined over a predetermined set point and the drive torque is provided by an internal combustion engine (2) and an electrical machine (3). The entire drive torque is divided based on a predetermined dividing ratio. The set point after the starting of the starting procedure of a hydraulic motor vehicle is varied based on operating conditions of the engine, the electrical machine, the starting device and an electrical storage device (7). An independent claim is also included for a device for operating a parallel hybrid drive train.

Description

The The invention relates to a method and an apparatus for operating a parallel hybrid powertrain of a vehicle with several Drive units according to the The preamble of claim 1 or in the preamble of claim 23 closer defined type.

From the DE 10 2004 025 460 A1 a method for operating a hydraulic motor vehicle is known, which as a drive on the one hand an internal combustion engine and on the other hand has an electric machine, wherein the electric machine is operable both by motor and generator. Furthermore, a storage device, in particular a capacitor arrangement, for storing electrical energy is present. By means of the method, an improved starting process of a hybrid motor vehicle with regard to fuel consumption and emissions is to be ensured. This is achieved by dividing the total drive torque required for driving the vehicle between the internal combustion engine and the electric machine during start-up operation, which is requested on the basis of a driver request.

there it is provided that in the presence of an operating temperature of the Internal combustion engine, which is less than a certain threshold temperature is the moment to drive the vehicle exclusively through the internal combustion engine is applied and during this time the electrical Machine as additional Load over the internal combustion engine is driven. The electric machine works in regenerative mode and feeds it generated electrical energy either in an electrical energy storage or in a heat-coupled to the internal combustion engine heat exchanger. Through the targeted additional burden the internal combustion engine reaches this within the shortest possible time Time a condition with an operating temperature for a pollutant-optimal Combustion.

When Parameters, depending on them the division of the requested total drive torque between the internal combustion engine and the electric machine are done in addition to the temperature of the internal combustion engine alternatively or additionally the Temperature of the electric machine, the temperature of the electric Storage means, the speed of the internal combustion engine and / or the Speed of the electric machine considered. The operating parameters can either metrologically recorded or via stored models, the depict the corresponding processes, be determined by calculation.

Of Further, it is suggested, in addition to the lower threshold temperature the internal combustion engine also has an upper threshold temperature of Internal combustion engine to determine, with the hybrid vehicle below the first threshold temperature exclusively by the internal combustion engine is driven. In the interval between the lower and the upper Threshold temperature will be the hybrid vehicle of both prime mover driven, the hybrid drive depending on the parameter proportionally by the internal combustion engine and proportionately by the electric machine is driven. Beyond the upper threshold temperature the hybrid vehicle, as far as this is possible by the electric machine alone, exclusively powered by the electric machine. The threshold temperature values are dependent changeable by further operating parameters.

Thereby is the internal combustion engine of a hybrid vehicle starting from a cold operating condition within a very short time in a warm operating Condition transferred with optimal combustion properties. Further, within the operating temperature of the engine of the drive of the Vehicle either partially in common with the electric machine or completely performed by this alone. Above the second threshold temperature, this is due to a Driver request requested torque - as far as the electric Machine can be applied alone - implemented by this alone. Is the requested torque so large that it is due to the electrical Machine alone is not feasible, the internal combustion engine for applying the differential torque at least temporarily pro rata on a between the internal combustion engine and the electric machine arranged clutch switched into the power flow of the drive train of the hybrid vehicle.

adversely However, it is that with the proposed approach no reproducible dynamics of a starting process is present, since the respective provided by the drive units shares a to be applied Total drive torque at the beginning of a starting process in dependence various operating parameters of the components of the parallel hybrid drive train of a vehicle vary depending on the operating state. The dynamics varies during a starting process starting from low drive speeds especially because of the different response an internal combustion engine and an electric machine, as a electric machine in general by a higher dynamics than an internal combustion engine is marked.

If, for example, a hybrid vehicle initially only starts from a vehicle standstill driven by the electric machine, the construction of the drive torque is very dynamic at the beginning of the starting process. If the internal combustion engine is switched into the power flow of the parallel hybrid drive train of the hybrid vehicle and generates an increasing proportion of the requested drive torque from the internal combustion engine, the dynamics of the drive torque decreases compared to the pure electromotive drive, which disadvantageously achieves a discontinuous and thus unfavorable start-up dynamics becomes.

Of the The present invention is therefore based on the object, a method and an apparatus for operating a parallel hybrid powertrain a vehicle with multiple drive units available provide, by means of which a reproducible dynamics of starting operations can be implemented is.

According to the invention this Task with a method and a device for operating a Parallel hybrid powertrain of a vehicle with several drive units according to the characteristics of claim 1 or of claim 23 solved.

at the method according to the invention for operating a parallel hybrid drive train of a vehicle with several drive units, preferably with at least one Combustion engine and with at least one electric machine and at least one electrical storage device during a Starting process of the vehicle, wherein at least one of the internal combustion engine to be generated portion of one of the drive units to be provided Total drive torque over a starting device is guided in the direction of an output, is to be provided by the drive units total drive torque divided according to a predefined specification, respectively a proportion of one of the together the total drive torque providing To generate drive units, and where the predefined default after the start of the starting process depending on the operating conditions of together the total drive torque providing drive units, the starting device and the electrical storage device variable is.

The means that in the procedure according to the invention a preferably driver requested total drive torque depending on a predetermined fixed distribution ratio is divided and the so determined proportions of the total drive torque of various drive units a parallel hybrid powertrain simultaneously become. Subsequently There is a simple way of depending on the operating conditions of the Drive units, the starting device and the electrical storage device a parallel hybrid powertrain to verify that at least one of the Drive units or at least one of the cooperating therewith Components of a parallel hybrid powertrain is overwhelmed and the proportion of the total drive torque does not provide the desired extent can.

In order to is achieved that at the beginning of a startup always the same Drive units are involved in the drive and not at a later date added. This allows a reproducible dynamics of the starting process, since those of the individual Drive units to be generated parts of the total drive torque At the beginning of a starting process are always the same and therefore also the for the construction of the shares of the total drive torque necessary time equal is. The term reproducibility is used here the meaning assigned that the time required to reach a target torque constant and independent from the height of the target torque is. However, the reproducibility is subject the limits of the electrical energy storage and the thermal Loading capacity of the starting element.

Of Furthermore, it is more advantageous with the method according to the invention Way the possibility a vehicle designed with a parallel hybrid powertrain unlike conventionally operated ones To operate hybrid vehicles with a steady and thus favorable start-up dynamics, because both one with a higher Stelldynamik executed electric machine together with a lower dynamic range involved combustion engine involved in the construction of the total drive torque is.

In addition is advantageous that by means of the method according to the invention for operating a parallel hybrid powertrain of a vehicle with several Drive units during a startup process a dynamic redistribution of the individual Drive units to be provided shares of the total drive torque feasible is when one of the drive units its share of the total drive torque or at the desired driving torque not in the desired Can provide scope. This ensures that a driver's request within the operating limits of the various assemblies of a Parallel hybrid powertrain is met as far as possible.

By means of the device according to the invention for operating a parallel hybrid drive train of a vehicle having a plurality of drive units, preferably with at least one internal combustion engine and at least one electric machine, and with at least one electrical storage device during a startup of the vehicle, wherein at least one of the engine to be provided share of to be provided by the drive units total drive torque via a Starting device can be guided in the direction of an output, which is to be provided by the drive units total drive torque of a predefined specification according to a first functional unit, each having a share of one of the drive units to produce and wherein the predefined default after the start of the starting process depending on the operating conditions the jointly the total drive torque providing drive units, the starting device and the electrical Speichereinrich tion by means of the first functional unit and the drive units and the storage device and the starting device respectively associated further functional units, which are operatively connected to the first functional unit, can be varied.

In order to has the device according to the invention a modular structure that represents a central functional unit has first functional unit and with a steady and thus favorable start-up dynamics for a Vehicle with a parallel hybrid powertrain available is. In addition, the device according to the invention in a simple way and manner to various configurations of parallel hybrid powertrains thereby customizable for that each of the overall drive torque influencing assembly of a parallel hybrid drive train a separate functional unit is provided, which is connected to the first Function unit can be coupled. As a result, the device according to the invention without elaborate Adaptations to different types of parallel hybrid drivetrains adaptable, because only the additional Function units to the first functional unit via a appropriate interface is to bind while evaluating the operating condition takes place in the first functional unit.

Further Advantages and advantageous developments of the invention result from the claims and the principle described with reference to the drawing Embodiments.

It shows:

1 a highly schematic representation of a parallel hybrid drive train with an internal combustion engine and an electric machine, wherein between the electric machine and the internal combustion engine, a starting device is arranged;

2 a second embodiment of a parallel hybrid drive train, in which both the drive torque of the internal combustion engine and the drive torque of the electric machine are guided over the same starting device;

3 a third embodiment of a parallel hybrid drive train in which the electric machine and the internal combustion engine is assigned a separate starting device and the drive torque of the electric machine and the internal combustion engine are each guided via the associated starting device; and

4 a block diagram of each of the parallel hybrid drive trains according to 1 to 3 assignable device according to the invention for operating a parallel hybrid drive train.

Both the device and the method according to the invention can be used for operating differently constructed parallel hybrid drive trains for vehicles. In 1 to 3 are three different embodiments of parallel hybrid powertrains 1 illustrated, with reference to which in the following description, the inventive method and the device according to the invention are described in more detail, wherein the use of the method and the apparatus according to the invention is not limited to the illustrated parallel hybrid drive trains.

In principle, the method and the device can be used in all parallel hybrid drive trains, in which at least one is used as an internal combustion engine 2 executed first drive unit and at least one as an electrical machine 3 executed second drive unit via an arbitrary executed gear 4 to an output 5 provide a preferably requested driver side total drive torque or a target output torque available.

Thus, for example, there is the possibility to run a parallel hybrid powertrain with a so-called starter generator, which is connected to the United combustion engine via a fixed ratio. In addition, it is not necessary that the drive units from the power flow of the parallel hybrid drive train are separated by at least one clutch. The summation of the drive torques of the at least two drive units can be carried out directly on the same drive shaft or with the aid of a preferably as Planetengetrie Be executed superposition gear to be performed.

At the in 1 illustrated parallel hybrid powertrain 1 is between the combustion engine 2 and the electric machine 3 a starting device 6 provided over which the of the internal combustion engine 2 generated drive torque in the direction of the output 5 of the parallel hybrid powertrain 1 is feasible while that of the electric machine 3 generated drive torque directly into the transmission device 4 is initiated.

2 shows a second embodiment of a parallel hybrid drive train 1 in which the electric machine 3 directly with the combustion engine 2 connected, and the starting device 6 between the electric machine 3 and the transmission 4 are arranged so that both the drive torque of the internal combustion engine 2 as well as the drive torque of the electric machine 3 about the starting device 6 in the direction of the output 5 to be led.

At the in 3 illustrated third embodiment of a parallel hybrid drive train 1 is both the combustion engine 2 as well as the electric machine 3 a starting device 6A respectively. 6B assigned, wherein the drive torque of the internal combustion engine 2 about the starting device 6A and the drive torque of the electric machine 3 about the starting device 6B in the direction of the output 5 is guided, wherein the drive torque of the internal combustion engine 2 and the electric machine 3 before the introduction into the gearbox 4 be summed up in a suitable manner.

Every electric machine 3 the parallel hybrid drive trains 1 according to 1 to 3 is an electrical storage device 7 associated with which the electric machine 3 supplied with electrical energy in motor operation and that of the electric machine 3 can be charged in regenerative operation. In addition, each of the parallel hybrid powertrains 1 a device according to the invention 8th for operating a parallel hybrid drive train of a vehicle having a plurality of drive units and associated with at least one electrical storage device during a starting process of the vehicle, of which in 4 an exemplary block diagram is shown.

The device 8th includes for controlling the parallel hybrid drive trains 1 according to 1 and 2 in the present case, six functional units FE1 to FE6, wherein the functional units FE2 to FE6 are each operatively connected to a first functional unit FE1. By means of a second functional unit FE2 is the electric machine 3 controllable. In addition, at least in dependence on the operating temperature and the drive speed of the electric machine via the second functional unit FE2 3 without consideration of the operating state of the memory device 7 one from the electric machine 3 each at the current operating point of the electric machine 3 maximum producible drive torque can be determined, which represents an input variable of the first functional unit FE1. Furthermore, a third functional unit FE3 operatively connected to the first functional unit FE1 is provided, by means of which the internal combustion engine 2 is controlled and via which at least in dependence on the operating temperature and the input speed of the internal combustion engine 2 without consideration of the operating state of the starting device 6 or the starting device 6A one from the internal combustion engine 2 in the current operating point of the internal combustion engine 2 maximum producible Bares drive torque can be determined, which is also an input of the first functional unit FE1.

In addition, the device 8th with a likewise operatively connected to the first functional unit FE1 fourth functional unit FE4, by means of which the electrical storage device 7 is controllable and about which in the current operating point of the electrical storage device 7 a state of charge of the electrical storage device 7 is determinable. Depending on the state of charge of the memory device 7 is at least taking into account an operating temperature of the storage device 7 in the fourth functional unit, a load limit of the memory device 7 determined, which in turn is an input of the first functional unit FE1.

For controlling the internal combustion engine 2 assigned starting device 6 and for determining an operating state of the starting device 6 a fifth functional unit FE5 operatively connected to the first functional unit FE1 is provided, which determines the specific operating state of the starting device 6 the first functional unit FE1 feeds as input. Furthermore, the first functional unit FE1 is supplied with a total drive torque determined by means of a sixth functional unit FE6 as a function of a desired driver input as an input variable, which is supplied by the drive units, ie in the present case the internal combustion engine 2 and the electric machine 3 , is to produce.

That of the drive units 2 . 3 to be provided total drive torque is divided according to the first functional unit FE1 a predefined default accordingly, the predefined default in the first functional unit FE1 a applicatively determined value between zero and one is assigned, which is variable depending on the operating state of the first functional unit FE1 in the manner described later.

The division of the total drive torque causes the total drive torque at the beginning of each startup each to a fixed predefined portion of the internal combustion engine 2 and the other part of the electric machine 3 is to produce. After the start of the starting process, the predefined specification as a function of the operating states of the drive units that jointly provide the total drive torque, ie in the present case the internal combustion engine 2 and the electric machine 3 , the starting device 6 and the electrical storage device 7 by means of the first functional unit FE1 and the drive units 2 . 3 , the storage device 7 and the starting device 6 each associated additional functional units FE2 to FE5 varies.

In this case, in the first functional unit FE1 initially an upper limit of that of the electric machine 3 producible drive torque as a function of the electric machine 3 in the current operating state of the electrical machine 3 maximum producible drive torque and determined by the fourth functional unit FE4 operating state or the load limit of the electrical storage device 7 determined.

Subsequently, in the first functional unit FE1, a difference between the upper limit of that of the electrical machine 3 generated drive torque and determined by the predefined specification proportion of the drive units 2 . 3 to be provided total drive torque, which of the electric machine 3 is to be generated, an overload torque of the electric machine is determined, which is replaced by the value zero at negative values of the first functional unit FE1.

At the same time, in the first functional unit FE1, an upper limit of that of the internal combustion engine 2 generated drive torque as a function of the combustion engine 2 in the current operating state of the internal combustion engine 2 maximum producible drive torque and determined by the fifth functional unit FE5 operating state of the starting device 6 determined. In addition, with the aid of the first functional unit FE1 an overload torque of the internal combustion engine 2 from a difference between the upper limit of that of the internal combustion engine 2 generated drive torque and determined by the predefined specification proportion of the drive units 2 . 3 to be provided total drive torque, which of the internal combustion engine 2 is to be generated, wherein the overload torque of the internal combustion engine 2 is replaced by the value zero for negative values of the first functional unit FE1.

Subsequently, the case distinction described below is carried out in the first functional unit FE1:
Is via the first functional unit FE1 a positive overload torque of the electric machine 3 and an overload torque of the internal combustion engine 2 less than or equal to zero, the determined upper limit is that of the electric machine 3 generated drive torque in the first functional unit FE1 to the overload torque of the electric machine 3 reduced. In addition, the overload torque of the electric machine 3 the first functional unit FE1 at least partially added to the upper limit of the drive torque generated by the internal combustion engine. The reduced upper limit of the electric machine 3 Generable drive torque represents an output of the first functional unit FE1 and an input of the second functional unit FE2 and the control variable of the electric machine 3 and the increased upper limit of that of the internal combustion engine 2 Generable drive torque also provides an output of the first functional unit FE1 and an input of the third functional unit FE3 and the control variable of the internal combustion engine 2 if these are each smaller than the maximum of the drive units 2 . 3 can be generated drive torque. Otherwise, the combustion engine will 2 and / or the electric machine 3 controlled with a control variable, each of which is the maximum of the internal combustion engine 2 or the electric machine 3 generated drive torque corresponds.

If, however, a positive overload torque of the internal combustion engine and an overload torque of the electric machine 3 is determined to be less than or equal to zero, the specific upper limit of the drive torque that can be generated by the internal combustion engine in the first functional unit FE1 is reduced by the overload torque of the internal combustion engine and the overload torque of the internal combustion engine at least partially to the upper limit of that in the electric machine 3 generated drive torque added. The reduced upper limit of that of the internal combustion engine 2 Generable drive torque represents an output of the first functional unit FE1 and an input of the third functional unit FE3 and the control variable of the internal combustion engine 2 while the raised upper Limit of the drive torque to be generated by the electric machine, an output of the first functional unit FE1 and an input of the second functional unit FE2 and the control variable of the electric machine 3 represents, if these each smaller than the maximum of the drive units 2 . 3 can be generated drive torque. Otherwise, the combustion engine will 2 and / or the electric machine 3 controlled with a control variable, each of which is the maximum of the internal combustion engine 2 or the electric machine 3 generated drive torque corresponds.

Will both a positive overload torque of the internal combustion engine 2 as well as a positive overload torque of the electric machine 3 determines the upper limit of the electric machine 3 generated drive torque is an output of the first functional unit FE1 and an input of the second functional unit FE2 and the control variable for the electric machine, while the upper limit of the of the internal combustion engine 2 generated drive torque an output of the first functional unit FE1 and an input of the third functional unit FE3 and the control variable for the internal combustion engine 2 represents.

Be in the first functional unit FE1 at the same time a overload torque of the internal combustion engine 2 and an overload torque of the electric machine 3 Less than or equal to zero, the upper limit of the electrical machine 3 producible drive torque and the upper limit of the combustion engine 2 can be generated drive torque of the second functional unit FE2 or the third functional unit FE3 as a control variable for the electric machine 3 or as a control variable for the internal combustion engine 2 fed.

At the in 2 shown parallel hybrid powertrain, in which both the drive torque of the internal combustion engine 2 as well as the drive torque of the electric machine 3 about the starting device 6 is the determination of the upper limit of the electric machine 3 can be generated drive torque in the first functional unit FE1 differing from the procedure described above, depending on the operating state of the starting device 6 to certain, to overload the starting device 6 to avoid.

In contrast, the device is 8th for the operation of a parallel hybrid drive train 1 according to 3 extended by an additional functional unit FE7, since the parallel hybrid powertrain 1 according to 3 as a further module that of the electrical machine 3 assigned starting device 6B having. The further functional unit FE7 is that of the electric machine 3 assigned starting device 6B controlled and determines their operating condition. The operating state of the starting device 6B is supplied to the first functional unit FE1 as an input variable, wherein the upper limit of the electrical machine 3 Generable drive torque as a function of the operating state of the electric machine 3 assigned starting device 6B is determined while the upper limit of the producible drive torque of the internal combustion engine 2 depending on the operating state of the internal combustion engine 2 assigned starting device 6A is determined.

Out The latter description makes it clear that both the inventive method as also the device according to the invention in a simple way by adding further functional units, which communicate with the first functional unit FE1, at different configured parallel hybrid powertrains is customizable. That is how it is for example, the possibility further functional units of further drive units of a Provide parallel hybrid powertrain and in the above Way to drive, taking from the various drive units in each case a fixed predetermined drive torque is to be generated, which after the start of a starting process of a vehicle to the current operating conditions of various assemblies of a parallel hybrid powertrain dynamic are customizable.

Alternatively, there is in the determination of the current operating point of the electric machine 3 maximum producible drive torque of the electric machine 3 the possibility of the operating state of the electrical storage device 7 already to be considered in the second functional unit FE2. In such an embodiment of the device according to the invention or in such a variant of the method according to the invention, the fourth functional unit FE4 is not required if the determination of the operating state of the electrical storage device 7 and whose taxation is performed by the second functional unit FE2.

Such a summary of the second functional unit FE2 and the fourth functional unit FE4 therefore represents a reasonable simplification, since the limits of the electrical machine 3 generated drive torques essentially from the state of the storage device 7 , For example, the voltage and the internal resistance of the memory device 7 , are dependent.

Basically, a parallel hybrid powertrain of a vehicle by the use of Device according to the invention and the method according to the invention operated such that the overload torque of an overloaded drive unit from a non-overloaded drive unit or several non-overloaded drive units, taking into account the current operating limits of the drive units and the associated peripherals as necessary. In addition, in the first functional unit FE1, a limitation of the control variables for the internal combustion engine 2 and the electric machine 3 made to the maximum values determined by the procedure described above. For this purpose, in each case the minimum between the maximum drive torque to be generated by a drive unit and the upper limit of the drive torque that can be generated by a drive unit or a matched upper limit is determined and supplied to the drive unit as a control variable.

1

Parallel hybrid powertrain

2

combustion engine

3

electrical machine

4

transmission

5

output

6 6A, 6B

launch device

7

memory device

8th

contraption

FE1 to FE7

functional unit

Claims (41)

Method for operating a parallel hybrid drive train ( 1 ) of a vehicle with several drive units ( 2 . 3 ), preferably with at least one internal combustion engine ( 2 ) and at least one electric machine ( 3 ), and at least one electrical storage device ( 7 ) during a starting process of the vehicle, wherein at least one of the internal combustion engine ( 2 ) to be generated portion of one of the drive units ( 2 . 3 ) total drive torque to be provided via a starting device ( 6 ; 6A ) in the direction of an output ( 5 ) is guided, characterized in that the of the drive units ( 2 . 3 ) is to be provided according to a predefined specification, wherein in each case a share of one of the drive torque jointly providing the total drive torque ( 2 . 3 ) is to be generated, and wherein the predefined specification after the start of the starting operation in dependence of the operating conditions of the jointly providing the total drive torque drive units ( 2 . 3 ), the starting device ( 6 ; 6A . 6B ) and the electrical storage device ( 7 ) is variable. A method according to claim 1, characterized in that in the current operating points of the jointly the total drive torque providing drive units ( 2 . 3 ) are each determined by these maximum generatable drive torques. A method according to claim 2, characterized in that the current operating points of the jointly the total drive torque providing drive units ( 2 . 3 ) each at least in dependence on an operating temperature and a drive speed of the drive units ( 2 . 3 ). Method according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the electrical storage device ( 7 ) and a state of charge of the electrical storage device ( 7 ) is determined. Method according to claim 4, characterized in that a load limit of the electrical storage device ( 7 ) as a function of the state of charge and at least one operating temperature of the memory device ( 7 ) is determined. Method according to one of Claims 1 to 5, characterized in that that the predefined specification is an applicatively determined value between zero and one is assigned, the operating state-dependent within this interval is variable. Method according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the of the drive units ( 2 . 3 ) to be generated total drive torque is determined in dependence on a driver request specification. Method according to one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the starting device ( 6 ; 6A . 6B ) is operated in a controlled manner and an operating state of the starting device ( 6 ; 6A . 6B ) is determined. Method according to one of claims 2 to 8, characterized in that a running as an internal combustion engine drive unit ( 2 ) is controlled and operated at the current operating point of the internal combustion engine ( 2 ) maximum producible drive torque preferably without consideration of the operating state of the starting device ( 6 ; 6A ) is determined. Method according to one of claims 2 to 9, characterized in that a designed as an electric machine drive unit ( 3 ) is controlled and that of the electric machine ( 3 ) In the current operating point maximum drive torque generated preferably without taking into account the operating state of the memory Facility ( 7 ) is determined. Method according to one of claims 2 to 10, characterized in that an upper limit of the of the electrical machine ( 3 ) can be generated as a function of the electric machine ( 3 ) in the current operating state of the electric machine ( 3 ) maximum producible drive torque and the operating state of the electrical storage device ( 7 ) is determined. A method according to claim 11, characterized in that an overload torque of the electric machine ( 3 ) from a difference between the upper limit of the electric machine ( 3 ) can be generated and of the drive units determined by the predefined specification ( 2 . 3 ) to be provided total drive torque, which of the electric machine ( 3 ) is determined. A method according to claim 12, characterized in that the overload torque of the electric machine ( 3 ) is set to zero for negative values. Method according to one of claims 2 to 13, characterized in that an upper limit of the of the internal combustion engine ( 2 ) can be generated as a function of the combustion engine ( 2 ) in the current operating state of the Verbrennungsma machine ( 2 ) maximum producible drive torque and the operating state of the starting device ( 6 ; 6A ) is determined. A method according to claim 14, characterized in that an overload torque of the internal combustion engine ( 2 ) from a difference between the upper limit of that of the internal combustion engine ( 2 ) can be generated and of the drive units determined by the predefined specification ( 2 . 3 ) to be provided total drive torque, which of the internal combustion engine ( 2 ) is determined. A method according to claim 15, characterized in that the overload torque of the internal combustion engine ( 2 ) is set to zero for negative values. A method according to claim 15 or 16, characterized in that upon determination of a positive overload torque of the electric machine ( 3 ) and an overload torque of the internal combustion engine ( 2 ) is less than or equal to zero the particular upper limit of that of the electric machine ( 3 ) producible drive torque to the overload torque of the electric machine ( 3 ) is reduced and the overload torque of the electric machine ( 3 ) at least partially to the upper limit of that of the internal combustion engine ( 2 ) is added, wherein the reduced upper limit of the of the electric machine ( 3 ) generating drive torque, the control variable of the electric machine ( 3 ), while the increased upper limit of the combustion engine ( 2 ) generate drive torque, the control variable of the internal combustion engine ( 2 ), if these are each smaller than the maximum of the drive units ( 2 . 3 ) are producible drive torques. Method according to one of claims 15 to 17, characterized in that upon determination of a positive overload torque of the internal combustion engine ( 2 ) and an overload torque of the electric machine ( 3 ) is less than or equal to zero the specific upper limit of that of the internal combustion engine ( 2 ) can be generated by the overload torque of the internal combustion engine ( 2 ) and the overload torque of the internal combustion engine ( 2 ) at least in part to the determined upper limit of that of the electric machine ( 3 ) is added, wherein the reduced upper limit of the of the internal combustion engine ( 2 ) generate drive torque, the control variable of the internal combustion engine ( 2 ), while the increased upper limit of the electrical machine ( 3 ) generating drive torque, the control variable of the electric machine ( 3 ), if these are each smaller than the maximum of the drive units ( 2 . 3 ) are producible drive torques. Method according to one of claims 15 to 18, characterized in that upon determination of a positive overload torque of the internal combustion engine ( 2 ) and at the same time determining a positive overload torque of the electric machine ( 3 ) the upper limit of the electric machine ( 3 ) generating drive torque, the control variable for the electric machine ( 3 ), while the upper limit of the combustion engine ( 2 ) can be generated, the control variable for the internal combustion engine ( 2 ). Method according to one of claims 15 to 19, characterized in that when determining an overload torque of the internal combustion engine ( 2 ) less than or equal to zero and at the same time determining an overload torque of the electric machine ( 3 ) less than or equal to zero the upper limit of that of the electrical machine ( 3 ) generating drive torque, the control variable for the electric machine ( 3 ), while the upper limit of the combustion engine ( 2 ) can be generated, the control variable for the internal combustion engine ( 2 ). Method according to one of claims 11 to 20, characterized in that the upper limit of the electric machine ( 3 ) can be generated as a function of the operating state of the internal combustion engine ( 2 ) associated starting device ( 6 ) is determined when the drive torque of the electric machine ( 3 ) also on the combustion engine ( 2 ) associated starting device ( 6 ) in the direction of the output ( 5 ) is forwarded. Method according to one of claims 11 to 20, characterized in that the electrical machine ( 3 ) a separate starting device ( 6B ) is assigned and the drive torque of the electric machine ( 3 ) over that of the electric machine ( 3 ) associated starting device ( 6B ) in the direction of the output ( 5 ), while the drive torque of the internal combustion engine ( 2 ) over the combustion engine ( 2 ) associated starting device ( 6A ) in the direction of the output ( 5 ), where the upper limit of the electric machine ( 3 ) can be generated as a function of the operating state of the electric machine ( 3 ) associated starting device ( 6B ), while the upper limit of that of the internal combustion engine ( 2 ) can be generated as a function of the operating state of the internal combustion engine ( 2 ) associated starting device ( 6A ) is determined. Device for operating a parallel hybrid drive train ( 1 ) of a vehicle with several drive units ( 2 . 3 ), preferably with at least one internal combustion engine ( 2 ) and at least one electric machine ( 3 ), and at least one electrical storage device ( 7 ) during a starting process of the vehicle, wherein at least one of the internal combustion engine ( 2 ) to be generated portion of one of the drive units ( 2 . 3 ) total drive torque to be provided via a starting device ( 6 ; 6A ) in the direction of an output ( 5 ) is feasible, characterized in that the of the drive units ( 2 . 3 ) to be provided according to a predefined specification according to a first functional unit (FE1) can be divided, wherein in each case a proportion of one of the drive units ( 2 . 3 ) is to be generated, and wherein the predefined specification after the start of the starting operation in dependence of the operating conditions of the jointly providing the total drive torque drive units ( 2 . 3 ), the starting device ( 6 ; 6A . 6B ) and the electrical storage device ( 7 ) by means of the first functional unit (FE1) and the drive units ( 2 . 3 ) and the memory device ( 7 ) and the starting device ( 6 ; 6A . 6B ) each associated further functional units (FE2 to FE7), which are in operative connection with the first functional unit (FE1), is variable. Device according to Claim 23, characterized in that a second functional unit (FE2) operatively connected to the first functional unit (FE1) is provided, by means of which a drive unit designed as an electric machine (FIG. 3 ) is controllable and about which in the current operating point of the electric machine ( 3 ) at least as a function of the operating temperature and the drive speed of the electric machine ( 3 ) preferably without consideration of the operating state of the memory device ( 7 ) is determined by this maximum producible drive torque, which represents an input of the first functional unit (FE1). Device according to claim 23 or 24, characterized in that a third functional unit (FE3) operatively connected to the first functional unit (FE1) is provided, by means of which a drive unit designed as an internal combustion engine (FIG. 2 ) is controllable and about which in the current operating point of the internal combustion engine ( 2 ) at least in dependence on the operating temperature and the input speed of the internal combustion engine ( 2 ) preferably without consideration of the operating state of the starting device ( 6 ; 6A ) is determined by this maximum producible drive torque, which represents an input of the first functional unit (FE1). Device according to one of claims 23 to 25, characterized in that with the first functional unit (FE1) operatively connected fourth functional unit (FE4) is provided, by means of which the electrical storage device ( 7 ) is controllable and about which in the current operating point of the electrical storage device ( 7 ) a charging state can be determined, as a function of which at least taking into account an operating temperature of the memory device ( 7 ) a load limit of the storage device ( 7 ), which represents an input of the first functional unit (FE1). Device according to one of claims 23 to 26, characterized in that with the first functional unit (FE1) operatively connected fifth functional unit (FE5) is provided, by means of which the starting device ( 6 ; 6A ) and via which an operating state of the starting device ( 6 ; 6A ), which represents an input variable of the first functional unit (FE1). Device according to one of claims 23 to 27, characterized in that a functionally connected to the first functional unit (FE1) sixth functional unit (FE6) is provided, by means of which of the drive units ( 2 . 3 ) to be generated total drive torque is determined in response to a driver request specification, which represents an input variable of the first functional unit (FE1). Device according to one of claims 23 to 28, characterized that the predefined specification in the first functional unit (FE1) assigned an applicatively determined value between zero and one is the operating state dependent from the first functional unit (FE1) within this interval is variable. Device according to one of claims 24 to 29, characterized in that in the first functional unit (FE1) an upper limit of the of the electrical machine ( 3 ) can be generated as a function of the current operating state of the electric machine ( 3 ) maximum producible drive torque and the operating state of the electrical storage device ( 7 ) is determined. Apparatus according to claim 30, characterized in that in the first functional unit (FE1) an overload torque of the electric machine ( 3 ) from a difference between the upper limit of the electric machine ( 3 ) can be generated and of the drive units determined by the predefined specification ( 2 . 3 ) to be provided total drive torque, which of the electric machine ( 3 ) is determined. Apparatus according to claim 31, characterized in that the overload torque of the electric machine ( 3 ) can be replaced by the value zero for negative values of the first functional unit (FE1). Device according to one of claims 25 to 32, characterized in that in the first functional unit (FE1) an upper limit of the of the internal combustion engine ( 2 ) generated drive torque depending on the current operating state of the combustion machine ( 2 ) maximum producible drive torque and the operating state of the starting device ( 6 ; 6A ) is determined. Apparatus according to claim 33, characterized in that in the first functional unit (FE1) an overload torque of the internal combustion engine ( 2 ) from a difference between the upper limit of that of the internal combustion engine ( 2 ) can be generated and of the drive units determined by the predefined specification ( 2 . 3 ) to be provided total drive torque, which of the internal combustion engine ( 2 ) is determinable. Apparatus according to claim 34, characterized in that the overload torque of the internal combustion engine ( 2 ) can be replaced by the value zero for negative values of the first functional unit (FE1). Apparatus according to claim 34 or 35, characterized in that upon determination of a positive overload torque of the electric machine ( 3 ) and an overload torque of the internal combustion engine ( 2 ) is less than or equal to zero, the certain upper limit of that of the electrical machine ( 3 ) producible drive torque in the first functional unit (FE1) to the overload torque of the electric machine ( 3 ) is reduced and the overload torque of the electric machine ( 3 ) in the first functional unit (FE1) at least partially to the upper limit of that of the internal combustion engine ( 2 ) is added, wherein the reduced upper limit of the of the electric machine ( 3 ) generate an output variable of the first functional unit (FE1) and an input variable of the second functional unit (FE2) as well as the control variable of the electrical machine ( 3 ), while the increased upper limit of the combustion engine ( 2 ) Generatable drive torque an output of the first functional unit (FE1) and an input of the third functional unit (FE3) and the control variable of the internal combustion engine ( 2 ), if these are each smaller than the maximum of the drive units ( 2 . 3 ) are producible drive torques. Device according to one of claims 34 to 36, characterized in that upon determination of a positive overload torque of the internal combustion engine ( 2 ) and an overload torque of the electric machine ( 3 ) is less than or equal to zero the specific upper limit of that of the internal combustion engine ( 2 ) can be generated in the first functional unit (FE1) by the overload torque of the internal combustion engine ( 2 ) and the overload torque of the internal combustion engine ( 2 ) in the first functional unit (FE1) at least partially to the upper limit of that of the electrical machine ( 3 ) is added, wherein the reduced upper limit of the of the internal combustion engine ( 2 ), an output variable of the first functional unit (FE1) and an input variable of the third functional unit (FE3) as well as the control variable of the internal combustion engine ( 2 ), while the increased upper limit of the electrical machine ( 3 ) Ren drive torque an output of the first functional unit (FE1) and an input of the second functional unit (FE2) and the control variable of the electric machine ( 3 ), if these are each smaller than the maximum of the drive units ( 2 . 3 ) are producible drive torques. Device according to one of claims 34 to 37, characterized in that upon determination of a positive overload torque of the internal combustion engine ( 2 ) and at the same time determining a positive overload torque of the electric machine ( 3 ) the upper limit of the electric machine ( 3 ) Generatable drive torque an output of the first functional unit (FE1) and an input of the second functional unit (FE2) and the control variable for the electric machine ( 3 ), while the upper limit of the combustion engine ( 2 ) generate an output variable of the first functional unit (FE1) and an input variable of the third functional unit (FE3) as well as the control variable for the internal combustion engine ( 2 ). Device according to one of claims 34 to 38, characterized in that when determining an overload torque of the internal combustion engine ( 2 ) less than or equal to zero and at the same time determining an overload torque of the electric machine ( 3 ) less than or equal to zero the upper limit of that of the electrical machine ( 3 ) Generatable drive torque an output of the first functional unit (FE1) and an input of the second functional unit (FE2) and the control variable for the electric machine ( 3 ), while the upper limit of the combustion engine ( 2 ) generate an output variable of the first functional unit (FE1) and an input variable of the third functional unit (FE3) as well as the control variable for the internal combustion engine ( 2 ). Device according to one of claims 30 to 39, characterized in that the upper limit of the of the electrical machine ( 3 ) can be generated in the first functional unit (FE1) as a function of the operating state of the internal combustion engine ( 2 ) associated starting device ( 6 ) is determined when the drive torque of the electric machine ( 3 ) also on the combustion engine ( 2 ) associated starting device ( 6 ) in the direction of the output ( 5 ) is forwarded. Device according to one of claims 34 to 39, characterized in that a further functional unit (FE7) for controlling one of the electrical machine ( 3 ) associated starting device ( 6B ) and for determining an operating state of this starting device ( 6B ) is vorgese hen when the drive torque of the electric machine ( 3 ) over that of the electric machine ( 3 ) associated starting device ( 6B ) is guided in the direction of the output and the drive torque of the internal combustion engine ( 2 ) over the combustion engine ( 2 ) associated starting device ( 6A ) in the direction of the output ( 5 ), where the upper limit of the electric machine ( 3 ) can be generated as a function of the operating state of the electric machine ( 3 ) associated starting device ( 6B ), while the upper limit of the producible drive torque of the internal combustion engine ( 2 ) depending on the operating state of the internal combustion engine ( 2 ) associated starting device ( 6A ) is determined.