DE102005057404A1 - Overhead contact line and/or chain work and/or electricity consumer`s deflection and/or force measuring device for electrically operated railway track, has fiber-optic cable transmitting optical output signals of sensor to computer - Google Patents

Abstract

The device has an acceleration sensor (8) measuring position and/or movement and/or acceleration and/or jerk of overhead contact lines and/or chain work and/or electricity consumers and/or measuring a contact force between the line and consumer. The sensor is attached at the overhead contact lines and/or supports of the lines and/or the electricity consumers at high voltage potential. A fiber-optic cable (7) transmits optical output signals of the sensor to a computer. An opto-coupler converts one of the optical output signals into an electrical signal at ground potential.

Description

The The invention relates to a device for measuring deflections at least one catenary or a catenary and / or to Measurement of forces between catenaries and pantographs of electrically operated Traffic, which is the electrical energy via pantographs from catenaries receives. This device is used in particular for electrically operated railways, in which vehicles run via pantographs with at least a sanding bar needed pick up electrical energy from the overhead line.

In order to the electrical energy without interruptions from the overhead line transferred to the vehicle the pantograph becomes part of Deutsche Bahn AG pressed a force of 70 to 120 Newton to the contact wire, at high speeds even with a higher force. This will the entire catenary of the overhead line by the contact force, the is applied by the passing pantograph on the contact wire, excited to vibrate, which is the interaction of sanding strip and contact wire. Too little contact force can here interrupt the flow of current or lead to the formation of arcs, a too high contact force leads to increased Wear or damaged Contact wire and / or contact strip.

Around such or other defects on the contact strip of the pantograph and / or on the contact wire and / or on the catenary can be seen in Prior art, a lift of the contact wire due to a past Current collector determined.

Of the Lifting of the contact wire results from the contact force between Pantograph and catenary multiplied by the elasticity of the catenary. As a result, Errors affect the elasticity of the catenary and errors in the contact force on the lift of the contact wire and can via a measurement of the lift. Errors on the pantograph change here the contact force, fault on the contact wire or on the catenary change the elasticity of the support point.

Important is, however, that during the measurement, a galvanic isolation between Earth and high voltage potential is ensured because the high voltage potential at the Deutsche Bahn AG 15 000 V.

• – Potentiometer (3) oder
• – Inkrementalgeber oder
• – Absolutgeber.

In the prior art is according to 1 the rise of the contact wire is measured with a cable turntable. The cable turntable is mounted on the mast at ground potential. In order to achieve galvanic isolation from the high-voltage potential, part of the cable, at Deutsche Bahn AG, in particular with a length of 1.9 m, consists of insulating material (kevlar, nylon, dynema); the remainder is made of steel because of its higher abrasion resistance. As cable turn encoders are used:

• - Potentiometer ( 3 ) or
• - Incremental encoder or
• - Absolute donors.

These Measuring device is used in particular at Deutsche Bahn AG.

disadvantage However, the prior art is in particular that due to the galvanic separation plastic ropes must be used. These especially the unfavorable Properties of a bad abrasion resistance (Dynema), a high Elasticity (nylon) or poor UV resistance (Kevlar).

Furthermore can be damaged in winter by ice forming the plastic rope.

Furthermore, it is known as the prior art that the lifting of the contact wire according to 2 via a rod insulator ( 4 ) is converted into a rotary motion which is controlled by a rotary potentiometer ( 5 ), in particular with a transmission ratio of 1 to 4. The potentiometer is equipped with a holder ( 6 ) attached to ground potential on the mast. This measuring device is used in particular at the French State Railways SNCF.

The Measuring device of the SNCF has in relation to the mass of the overhead line size moved masses that adversely affect the measurement result negative.

Especially However, it is disadvantageous that the measuring devices of the state The technique has a low cutoff frequency, so that disturbances at higher Frequencies can not be determined.

Both Devices measure the lift of the contact wire through a pantograph and by the ringing of the contact wire after a current collector passage. That it only becomes the position change perpendicular to the earth's surface precisely measured. Lateral or sagittal deflections are erroneously flowing also in the upstroke, which increases the measurement uncertainty unnecessarily and thus too a number of false-positive or false-negative statements.

It It is therefore an object of the invention to provide a device with which the disadvantages of the prior art are eliminated.

These The object is in connection with the preamble of claim 1 according to the invention the features specified in claim 1 solved.

According to the invention is on High voltage potential on the overhead line and / or brackets of the Catenary and / or on the pantograph at least one sensor for Measurement of location and / or movement and / or acceleration and / or the jerk of the catenary and / or the catenary and / or the Pantograph and / or to measure the contact force between the catenary and pantograph frictionally appropriate.

At least a fiber optic line, in particular a fiber optic cable, transmits the output signals the sensor to an evaluation unit at ground potential and an optical receiver converts the optical output signal to ground potential into an electrical one Signal.

advantage the device according to the invention is that the supply lines consist only of fiber optic cables, so that a galvanic isolation is ensured. That in particular, that a danger of an electrical rollover with direct laying of the optical waveguide between the high voltage potential and the ground potential can be excluded, so that a threat to Operating personnel can be excluded.

One Another advantage is that through the fiber optic signal transmission in contrast to electrical transmission no influence on the measuring signals due to electromagnetic interference. Such disorders occur especially in the area of the overhead line. Furthermore the advantage is that the evaluation unit with comparable Expense can be much further away from the sensor than at an electrical solution.

As well to disturb the optical measuring signals not adjacent measuring devices.

Especially beneficial is opposed by the use of light mechanical scanning a higher resolution achieved the size to be measured becomes.

Claims 2 to 15 include advantageous embodiments the solution of the invention Claim 1.

To Claim 3, the power supply of the sensor via the at least one fiber optic cable or another optical Management. Hereby changed the sensor is the incoming optical signal, especially in its Polarization, wavelength, Phase, intensity and / or the duration depending on from the measured variable. These change in particular through a membrane that absorbs the incoming light reflected, through tuneable filters, where by applying a force the incoming optical signal is changed or by optical Switch done.

To Claim 4 is the motion sensor as fiber optic acceleration sensor executed. The advantage of this device is that the sensor is purely passive.

To Claim 5 is the motion sensor as an electrical acceleration sensor executed that Power supply with solar cells and backup capacitor or support batteries at high voltage potential.

To Claim 6, the motion sensor is designed as a tunable high-frequency resonant circuit. The Supply and readout of the high-frequency resonant circuit is carried out in particular via radio.

To Claim 7 is the motion sensor as a fiber optic encoder executed. A coded, rotatable and at least partially translucent disc, in particular, a glass panel, which derives from the fiber optic Leading light and a concave mirror directs the light into the Fiber back. This encoder is purely passive and will pass through the current collector passage caused change of position turned. This eliminates the pulley and the insulating rope. The rotary encoder can thus be particularly advantageous directly to high voltage potential be attached. In particular, to measure the position changes three such rotary encoder used in all three directions.

To Claim 8 evaluates a computer, the electrical signal at ground potential out. This determines on the one hand, whether false deflections of the contact wire and on the other hand on the basis of the waveform the type of error. These can, for example, an incorrectly set when measuring the pantograph Be Windleitblech or an unglaced rolling curve. In case of Measurement of overhead lines can cause their false elasticity in a too short trailer, an oblique attached hanger clamp or a bound bike or Have roll tensioner.

To Claim 9 is a zero point adjustment for a longer time with little signal change. Here, the zero point is the instantaneous value of the measuring signal or the mean during the Observation period without movement.

According to claim 10 calculates an evaluation unit, the acceleration signal or the speed signal or by double integration of the acceleration signal, the lift, which is proportional to the contact force.

To Claim 11, the evaluation in the frequency range of the measurement signal success. The measuring signal in the local or time domain is in this case in particular by means of an FFT transformed into the frequency domain and in particular examined for certain vibration components, the error indicate.

To Claim 12 detects a microphone on a trolley mast a sound of Contact wire. As a result, in particular, an additional support of Results are made.

To Claim 13 capture two further acceleration sensors which are orthogonal attached to the first acceleration sensor, accelerations for the two other directions.

Especially for error compensation measures according to claim 14 at least one of Sensors temperature and / or humidity, and / or electrical Fields.

To Claim 15 are the sensors for temperature fiberoptically executed and attached to the contact wire.

A another possibility is the lifting measurement by video camera. This is the contact wire of the page scanned with a line scan camera and using image processing measured the contact wire lift.

The Invention will be described below with reference to two embodiments and a Drawing with 4 figures closer explained. The figures show in

3 schematically an acceleration sensor at high voltage potential on the contact wire and / or on the side holder,

4 schematically a fiber optic encoder from a rotatable pipe coupling and a potentiometer.

A first particularly advantageous embodiment relates to 3 an acceleration sensor ( 8th ), which is frictionally mounted on high voltage potential on the contact wire and / or on the side holder. A fiber optic cable ( 7 ) transmits the output signals of the acceleration sensor ( 8th ) to an evaluation unit at ground potential. An optocoupler converts the optical output signal to ground potential into an electrical signal.

In the second embodiment, a solution is given, in which instead of the acceleration sensor ( 8th ) according to 4 a fiber optic encoder is used. This fiber optic encoder consists of a rotatable pipe coupling ( 1 ) and a potentiometer ( 3 ) and is purely passive. The fiber optic encoder can be installed directly on high voltage potential. That of the fiber optic cable ( 7 ) coming light is passed through a coded, rotatable glass and returned by a concave mirror in the fiber.

1

rotatable pipe coupling

2

idler pulley

3

potentiometer

4

rotatable stabilizer

5

rotatory potentiometer

6

bracket

7

Fiber Optic cable

8th

accelerometer

Claims (15)

Device for measuring deflections of at least one catenary or a catenary and / or for measuring forces between catenaries and pantographs of electrically operated traffic, which receives the electrical energy via pantographs from catenaries, characterized in that at high voltage potential to catenaries and / or brackets at least one sensor for measuring the location and / or the movement and / or the acceleration and / or the jerk of the overhead line and / or the catenary and / or the pantograph and / or for measuring the contact force between the catenary of the catenaries and / or pantographs and current collector is frictionally mounted, at least one fiber optic line transmits the output signals of the sensor to an evaluation unit to ground potential and an optical receiver converts the optical output signal to ground potential into an electrical signal. Device for measuring deflections and / or forces according to claim 1, characterized in that the holders of the Catenaries are side brackets or hangers. Device for measuring deflections and / or forces according to at least one of the claims 1 to 2, characterized in that the power supply of the Sensors over the at least one fiber optic line or another optical line he follows. Device for measuring deflections and / or forces after at least one of Claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the sensor is designed as a fiber optic acceleration sensor. Device for measuring deflections and / or forces according to at least one of the claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the sensor as an electrical Acceleration sensor running is, its power supply with solar cells and backup capacitor or support batteries at high voltage potential. Device for measuring deflections and / or forces according to at least one of the claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the sensor as tunable Hf resonant circuit executed is. Device for measuring deflections and / or forces according to at least one of the claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the sensor as a fiber optic Rotary encoder executed is and a coded, rotatable and at least partially translucent disc the light coming from the fiber optic cable conducts and enters Concave mirror the light back into the fiber. Device for measuring deflections and / or forces according to at least one of the claims 1 to 7, characterized in that a computer is the electrical Evaluate signal for earth potential. Device for measuring deflections and / or forces according to at least one of the claims 1 to 8, characterized in that a zero point adjustment during a longer Time with little signal change and the zero point is the instantaneous value of the measuring signal or the mean during the observation period is without movement. Device for measuring deflections and / or forces according to at least one of the claims 1 to 9, characterized in that an evaluation unit, the acceleration signal or the speed signal or by double integration the acceleration signal the lift, which is proportional to the contact force is calculated. Device for measuring deflections and / or forces according to at least one of the claims 1 to 10, characterized in that the evaluation in the frequency domain he follows. Device for measuring deflections and / or forces according to at least one of the claims 1 to 11, characterized in that at least one of the sensors a microphone that is a sound on a catenary mast Contact wire recorded. Device for measuring deflections and / or forces according to at least one of the claims 1 to 12, characterized in that two further acceleration sensors are mounted orthogonally and accelerations for the other directions to capture. Device for measuring deflections and / or forces according to at least one of the claims 1 to 13, characterized in that at least one of the sensors the temperature and / or the humidity and / or the electrical Field measures. Device for measuring deflections and / or forces according to claim 14, characterized in that the sensors for temperature fiber optic and are attached to the contact wire.