DE102005052105A1 - Hydrodynamic system e.g. hydrodynamic retarder, for e.g. vehicle, has collateral characteristics parameter detecting unit implemented as support moment detecting unit for detecting support moment when unit is supported at stationary unit - Google Patents

Abstract

The system (1) has two units (2, 3) in the form of paddle wheels and forming a portion of a work space (21), which can be filled with operating units. The unit (2) is rotatably supported, and the unit (3) is supported on a stationary unit (4) for a part of the utilizable operating region of the hydrodynamic system. A detecting unit for detecting collateral characteristics parameters is implemented as a support moment detecting unit (5) for detecting support moment when the unit (3) is supported at the unit (4), and the unit (5) is arranged between the units (3, 4). An independent claim is also included for a method for operating a hydrodynamic system.

Description

The The invention relates to a hydrodynamic system, in detail with the features of the preamble of claim 1; Furthermore, a method for Control of the hydrodynamic system.

Hydrodynamic systems, in particular in the form of hydrodynamic brake devices, also called retarders, are known in a large number of designs from the prior art. As a rule, these comprise a first blade wheel functioning as a rotor blade wheel, which is connected or connectable to a shaft to be braked rotatably and a stator, which is fastened to a stationary component, in particular a housing, and is supported on it. Rotor blade wheel and stator form a working space that can be filled with operating fluid, wherein the operating _medium generates a braking torque M _brake when it is circulated by the rotor blade wheel on the stator blade wheel. The rotor blade wheel thus acts as a pump during braking operation. Via a short-circuited cooling circuit while the resources are conveyed to the heat exchanger and back to the hydrodynamic braking device. This is realized via an external circuit, which is led outside the working cycle, which is established in the working space. The driven rotor blade wheel converts the introduced mechanical energy in the closed circuit into flow energy and this is in turn converted into heat energy at the stationary stator. The hydrodynamic braking device is at least switchable, that is to say by filling and emptying the circuit or a coupling device between the rotor blade wheel and the shaft to be braked. The braking effect is initiated in the first case by filling the working space with resources and terminated by emptying. In the second case, the braking device can remain filled. Preferably, the hydrodynamic braking device is also controllable, that is, depending on the degree of filling of the hydrodynamic braking device and / or the pressure in the working space can be adjusted depending on the speed of the shaft to be braked steplessly different braking torques. The degree of filling of the hydrodynamic braking device can be varied in different ways. In the simplest case, this is done by pressure control at the inlet and / or outlet from the working space of the hydrodynamic braking device. The setting takes place as a function of a hydrodynamic braking device associated control device stored map, which usually contains a plurality of characteristics for constant braking performance, by which the corresponding desired braking torques are set in dependence on the speed of the braked element. This corresponds to a setpoint specification by customer request, wherein all hydrodynamic braking devices of the same type should be within a certain tolerance band within these setpoint requirements. Due to tolerances or manufacturing variations, the driver's request is often not set in a corresponding braking torque as determined by assignment to the map by forming the corresponding desired size, but there are deviations. On the one hand, the theoretically fully exploitable maximum torque according to the driver request request is often not exhausted, or unwanted strong deviations in the other direction occur with regard to the reaction upon specification of a driver's request, which are characterized by the generation of an excessive braking torque. To avoid this problem, either constructive post-processing measures are required, for example in a hydrodynamic retarder by increasing the outlet bore, which usually takes place on acceptance at the test stand.

Another possibility is to set the target value as a function of the actual torque. To determine the actual torque, a plurality of embodiments of the prior art are known, in which case representatively DE 198 50 383 is referenced, which has a stator arranged in a retarder, which is supported by a locking device on the retarder housing. At Retardergehäuse while a measuring device for the Retarderbremsmoment is provided, which is acted upon by the locking device. The measuring device is connected to a control device. The measuring device itself may be in the form of a hydraulic pressure sensor which is coupled to the electronic circuit of the control device, further comprising a spring and a displacement sensor, or may comprise a mechanical pressure sensor, these elements being respectively connected to the electronic circuit. The braking torque is thus determined indirectly from these determined via the measuring device sizes. This solution is characterized by a high control engineering effort, since here appropriate calculation steps must be followed in order to derive the braking torque from the detected variables. Furthermore, these possibilities are also due to a considerable additional design effort.

The invention is therefore based on the object, a hydrodynamic system, in particular a hydrodynamic braking device of a so mentioned that the hitherto customary setting in the acceptance test stand is eliminated and the construction costs and thus the production costs are reduced while simultaneously reducing the deviation of the desired value from the actual value.

The inventive solution characterized by the features of claim 1. advantageous Embodiments are described in the subclaims.

In a hydrodynamic system with two elements in the form of paddle wheels which can be brought into operative connection with one another via a flow medium, a first element being rotatably mounted and the second being supported on a stationary element for at least part of the theoretically usable operating range of the hydrodynamic system Means for detecting a function, in particular the transmission behavior or the transmittable torque at least indirectly characterizing size, this device according to the invention as a means for detecting the supporting torque when supporting the second element on the stationary element executed. The means for detecting the supporting _moment M _support is arranged between the second element and the stationary element, preferably in the connection between the second element and the stationary element or on a contact element between the second element and the stationary element. The arrangement is thus not directly on the stationary element, but a coupled with this element. In a particularly advantageous embodiment, the device for detecting the supporting torque comprises at least one torque sensor, preferably a plurality of these.

The direct detection of a torque in the form of the present supporting torque with support The fixed element has the advantage that this depends on the design of the hydrodynamic system and design and arrangement of the compound and the device a reacting at the second element reaction torque either directly corresponds or in a direct functional context to this is and thus the reaction torque is not expensive on other sizes, which while the operation of the hydrodynamic system can be detected got to. The so quickly and easily determined actual value for the supporting moment can for Regulatory tasks are used, with the response time especially is low.

Regarding the execution the fixed element there are a variety of ways. in the The simplest case is a housing or a coupled with this Element for the hydrodynamic system, which is especially the case of the hydrodynamic system or can act around the housing of a structural unit, in which the hydrodynamic system is arranged.

Regarding the execution the connection between the second element and the stationary element There are a number of possibilities. In the simplest Case this will over realized a connecting device, wherein the means for detecting of the supporting moment at a rotatably coupled to the first element of the system Element of the connection device or one with the first element of the hydrodynamic system forming a structural unit the connecting device is arranged. The connection device is formed by a non-positive and / or positive locking device.

in the the simplest case is the connecting device as a coupling device formed with a fixed element, that is one the coupling elements which can be brought into operative connection with each other, this means is fixed. The connection device is therefore also called Designated braking device. As already stated, this can according to the principle the force or form fit to work. In the simplest case will be a form-fitting Braking device used for connection to the fixed element, the first rotationally fixed to the first element of the hydrodynamic Systems connected or forming a structural unit with this Coupling element and a second connected to the stationary element or has formed by this coupling element, wherein the first and second coupling element at least indirectly, that is directly or over at least one further intermediate element in operative connection with each other can be brought. The device for detecting the support torque can then be arranged on the first coupling element or the intermediate element be. According to one particularly advantageous embodiment will always be executions used with intermediate elements, to which also the device for detecting the support torque is arranged, since in this case easy interchangeability the means for detecting the supporting moment would be given.

The connecting device in the form of a coupling device with a fixed coupling element, that is to say as a braking device, can be designed to be switchable or non-switchable. When designed as a non-switchable positive connection, in particular positive brake device, a plug connection between the second element of the hydrodynamic system and the stationary element is formed. In this case, the elements to be coupled to each other carry complementarily designed entrainment elements, which are characterized by complementary to each other alternately executed recesses and projections on an outer and / or an inner periphery forming region on the respective connection element. There are several possibilities, with a distinction between the direct coupling and the indirect coupling. In the case of direct coupling while the driving elements of the first coupling element are formed either on an outer circumference, wherein the driving elements of the second coupling element are formed on an inner periphery forming region and both are directly connected to each other without the interposition of an intermediate element. This applies analogously to the reverse arrangement of the driving elements.

at Use of intermediate elements are the same possibilities conceivable, but here in each case these possibilities between to provide the individual coupling element and the intermediate element are. According to one particularly advantageous embodiment is doing the intermediate sleeve as tubular Element with arranged in both end regions on the outer circumference or inner circumference arranged projections executed in complementary recesses on an inner circumference forming region of the connecting elements - first Coupling element or second coupling element - engage. This is true in Analogy in execution the driving elements on the intermediate element on the inner circumference, in which case the corresponding projections and recesses on the connection elements in each case at one outer periphery forming area would have to be arranged. In this case can the connection area in the axial direction to build very small and Nevertheless, the device for detecting the Abstützmomentes still in the intermediate element to get integrated.

at Arrangement of the device on a contact element between stationary Component and second element is the deformation of the contact element determined and over this is the supporting moment certainly. For example, a certain bending angle is corrupted with a certain support moment. The Contact element can be designed differently. In the simplest case it is a pin, which is arranged on the stationary element is and extends toward the second element. The contact element engages either on his to the second element directed Page in this one or touched at least the second element touched or contacted so that a twist or deformation of the second Element is also effective on the contact element. The contact element is preferably viewed in the radial direction on the outer circumference Statorschaufelrades or one rotatably connected thereto Element effective. The arrangement preferably takes place in the region of axial extent of the impeller.

• – Ausführung als hydrodynamischer Retarder
• – Ausführung als hydrodynamische Kupplung mit vorgesehener Möglichkeit der Festsetzung eines der Schaufelräder

For the execution of the hydrodynamic system, there are basically the following possibilities:

• - Design as a hydrodynamic retarder
• - Design as a hydrodynamic coupling with the proposed possibility of fixing one of the paddle wheels

at execution of the hydrodynamic system as a retarder becomes the first element of the system of a shaft to be braked at least indirectly rotatably connected acting as a rotor blade wheel primary wheel formed while the second element of one over the connecting device connected to the stationary element formed as Statorschaufelrad acting secondary wheel. The connection device is then as non-switchable or switchable coupling device executed wherein the means for detecting a the supporting moment at least indirectly characterizing size in the connecting device for connecting the stator blade wheel with the stationary element is arranged. The arrangement can be as already described respectively. In this case, the hydrodynamic system always works as hydrodynamic retarder.

According to one further execution The hydrodynamic system can also act as hydrodynamic coupling accomplished be, with the first element of one with a drive shaft at least indirectly rotatably connectable primary and the second element from one with an output at least mitelbar rotatably connectable secondary is formed, which form a working space can be filled with resources. Preferably there is always a direct rotational connection with a drive shaft or the output. The primary wheel and the secondary wheel are rotatably mounted and at least one of the two paddle wheels - primary or Secondary wheel - is one Brake device assigned for fixing to the stationary element, which for a part of the operating range of the hydrodynamic system as Connecting device acts and thus the hydrodynamic coupling operated in this operating range as a retarder. The device for detecting at least one supporting torque at least indirectly characterizing Size is in arranged the braking device, which as a switchable coupling device designed with a fixed coupling element. Again exist for the execution the coupling device a variety of ways, as already described.

The individual coupling elements can each be formed by separate elements who or form a structural unit with the respective connection elements.

The Device for detecting the support torque, which at least a torque sensor is preferably always coaxial to a theoretical bearing axis of the second element, in particular at execution as hydrodynamic retarder of the stator blade wheel or in execution as Hydrodynamic coupling of the respective fixed paddle wheel arranged, the arrangement preferably directly on the axis takes place, since in this case the reaction torque directly from the support moment can be formed.

The theoretical bearing axis corresponds to the symmetry axis of the respective paddle wheel. The design of the torque sensor can be done in different ways. This can also be a rotationally symmetric execution have, for example in ring form.

According to the invention, the support torque is determined directly. This corresponds to the design of the hydrodynamic system as a hydrodynamic retarder or in the function of a hydrodynamic coupling as a hydrodynamic retarder braking torque generated on the acting as a second element paddle wheel, in particular Statorschaufelrad or each fixed paddle wheel. This makes it possible to considerably simplify the operation of a hydrodynamic retarder with respect to the control, since an actual variable for the generated braking torque can be detected here simply and directly, which is used in a control for setting a braking torque. In this case, irrespective of manufacturing dispersions, the hydrodynamic retarder or the hydrodynamic coupling, which is operable as hydrodynamic retarder by setting one of the paddle wheels at least in a partial region of an operating range, can be assigned a rigid characteristic map which is suitable for a multiplicity of similar hydrodynamic systems taking into account a specific tolerance range is usable. This map can be present for example in the form of a braking power speed map or a Bremsmoment- / speed map. Depending on a desire for change or adjustment of a particular operating state, a setpoint value for the braking torque M _{brake setpoint to be set is then} formed, or a variable that at least indirectly characterizes this torque value. From the map of the hydrodynamic system, the manipulated variable for controlling the actuator or the control device associated with the hydrodynamic system for influencing the transmission behavior or in the case of a hydrodynamic retarder for influencing the braking torque is then determined and the adjusting device controlled accordingly. In this case, the actual value _{M.sub.brake-actual} for the braking torque that is established as a result of this activation of the setting device is determined, which in this case corresponds to the supporting moment M _Stütz-ist . This value is compared with the setpoint value M _{brake setpoint} and in the event of a deviation, the setpoint value M _{brake setpoint} is adjusted as the actual value M _{brake actual to be set} by changing the manipulated variable. The change in the manipulated variable can be carried out continuously or stepwise. Also conceivable is a special calculation algorithm which determines the change of the manipulated variable as a function of the magnitude of the deviation.

The execution correspond to the adjusting devices of the hydrodynamic system known from the prior art devices. In the simplest Case, this is a pressure control, the pressures in the inlet into the work space or one with the exit from the work space coupled line adjusted and varied accordingly can. Because of these possibilities are sufficiently known in the art, is here in the individual not on the possibilities the designs the control devices and their operation received.

In the method according to the invention, the current actual value of the supporting torque M _{Stütz-ist is} determined continuously.

The inventive method offers the advantage that on a complex map adaptation in the context of the final acceptance by either constructional change or post-processing of individual components to minimize tolerance or complex control algorithms during the Operation can be waived and regardless of the actual present Tolerances a theoretically optimally executed the same System the same values in the presence of a target value specification can be adjusted, where the control engineering effort kept very low in this case can be.

• – eine konstante Geschwindigkeit
• – eine konstante Verzögerung
• – ein konstantes Bremsmoment

The method according to the invention can be combined with other regulations or else integrated into them. For example, the method according to the invention can be part of a regulation to one of the following variables:

• - a constant speed
• - a constant delay
• - a constant braking torque

The inventive method and the inventive system with the possibility of Arrangement of the device for detecting the Abstützmomentes in the connection device and thus not on the stationary element to be supported can be used both for stationary and mobile systems, especially vehicles used.

The solution according to the invention explained below with reference to figures. This is in detail the following is shown:

1 illustrates in a simplified schematic representation of a basic version of the inventively designed hydrodynamic system;

2a to 2 B illustrate in a schematically simplified representation of execution of a hydrodynamic system in the form of a hydrodynamic retarder with integrated detection device for detecting the support torque;

3 illustrates in a schematically simplified representation of the execution of a hydrodynamic system in the form of a hydrodynamic coupling with a paddle wheel associated braking device to implement the operation as a hydrodynamic retarder;

4a and 4b illustrate an embodiment of a hydrodynamic system with arrangement of the detection device for the support torque on a contact element;

5 illustrates a block diagram according to an inventive method for map adaptation of the hydrodynamic system;

6 exemplifies a corresponding stationary map of a retarder with specification of the braking power above the vehicle speed.

The 1 illustrates in a simplified schematic representation of the basic structure of an inventively designed hydrodynamic system 1 comprising at least two elements operatively connected to each other via a flow medium 2 and 3 where one of the elements 2 or 3 , in the case shown 2 , is rotatably mounted and the second of the elements 3 or 2 , here 3 , at least over a part of the possible operating range of the hydrodynamic system 1 on a stationary element 4 supported. The Elements 2 and 3 limit at least part of a workspace 21 , which can be filled with resources, preferably in each case completely, that is, the working space 21 gets from the elements 2 and 3 limited. The resource is through the rotating element, here for example 2 , circulated. At the stationary element 4 supporting element, here for example 3 , a reaction torque is generated, which is the supporting moment M _supporting the element 4 equivalent. According to the invention is in the compound 7 between the element 3 and the stationary element 4 An institution 5 for detecting at least one, the support torque M _support at least indirectly characterizing size, preferably arranged for direct detection of the support torque M _support . The device 5 for detecting the supporting torque comprises in this case at least one torque sensor 6 , Preferably, a plurality of such sensors are provided in the connection 7 between the stationary element 4 and the element 3 are arranged. The determined supporting moment of the element 3 on the stationary element 4 Depending on the arrangement and design of the connection, M _support is proportional to or corresponds to that on the element 3 become effective or initiated reaction torque, in particular braking torque.

The connection 7 In this case, it is preferably arranged coaxially to the theoretical bearing axis, which generally corresponds to the axis of symmetry or center axis A of the second element, and accordingly also to the device 5 , In this case, the support torque corresponds to the reaction torque, in particular braking torque. Preferably, the device 5 arranged directly on this geometric axis.

2a illustrates in a schematically highly simplified representation of the execution of a hydrodynamic system 1 in the form of a hydrodynamic retarder 8th , This includes as the first element 2 as a rotor blade wheel 9 acting primary wheel and as a second element 3 as a stator blade wheel 10 functioning secondary wheel. The rotor blade wheel 9 is with a braked shaft 11 rotatably connected, wherein the term shaft is to be understood functionally and each rotating element in the form of a solid or hollow shaft or connecting hub, while the Statorschaufelrad 10 in a housing 12 is arranged and supported on this. The connection 7 between the case 12 and the stator 10 takes place positively and / or positively, in the simplest case by a connecting device 28 in the form of a plug connection 13 , Which by complementary to each other carried driving elements 14 and 15 on the stator blade wheel 10 and the housing 12 is characterized. These are in the simplest case extending in the radial direction and circumferentially arranged on a certain diameter projections or recesses. The plug connection 13 is formed by a coupling device comprising a first with the Statorschaufelrad 10 rotatably connected or formed by this coupling element 24.1 and a second with the stationary element 4 , in particular housing 12 connected or formed by this coupling element 24.2 at least indirectly, that is directly or via at least one intermediate element 24.3 can be brought into operative connection with each other. In the case illustrated forms, for example, the stator 10 or the Statorschaufelrad the first coupling element 24.1 and is non-rotatable, but preferably releasable with an intermediate element 24.3 in the form of a socket 16 connected, depending on the design on arranged on its outer or inner circumference driving elements with complementarily designed driving elements 15 on an inner circumference or outer circumference-forming area 17 of the housing 12 are arranged, enter into operative connection. In the case shown, the entrainment elements are exemplary 14 of the first coupling element 24.1 arranged on an outer periphery forming region, while the driving elements 15 on the second coupling element 24.2 on an Innumfang forming portion of the housing 12 are arranged. The entrainment elements 29.1 for connection between stator blade wheel 10 or first coupling element 24.1 and socket 16 takes place on an inner circumference forming region of the socket 16 arranged complementary to the entrainment elements 14 trained entrainment elements 29.1 while connecting between receptacle 16 and housing 12 or second coupling element 24.2 via driving elements 29.2 on an outer circumference forming portion of the socket 16 he follows.

Preferably, the first and second coupling element 24.1 . 24.2 each from the stator blade wheel 10 itself or the housing 12 or stationary element 4 educated.

The torque sensor 6 is in this case on or in the socket 16 arranged. This solution offers the advantage of easy interchangeability of the device 5 if damaged.

The arrangement of the connection device 28 takes place preferably coaxially to the center axis A of the stator blade wheel 10 , This applies analogously to the device 5 , Only this possibility of arrangement allows a fast and free of unnecessary calculations taking place determination of the braking torque.

The connection device 28 can be performed self-locking in the axial direction or there are separate means for axially fixing the position of the elements to each other required.

2 B illustrates an alternative embodiment too 2a in which the intermediate element in the form of the plug-in sleeve 16 with arranged on the outer periphery driving elements 29 , which with complementary designed entrainment elements 14 and 15 on an inner circumference forming portion of the housing 12 and the stator blade wheel 10 , The arrangement of the connection device 7 takes place in the illustrated case in the region of the inner circumference of the Statorschaufelrades 10 , The device 5 is also on the socket 16 arranged.

3 clarifies contrast, the possibility of arranging a device 5 for detecting at least one of the support torque M _support characterizing size in a hydrodynamic system 1 in the form of a hydrodynamic coupling 18 , which at least partially as a hydrodynamic retarder 8th is operable. The hydrodynamic coupling 18 includes a first element 2 in the form of a rotatably coupled to a drive shaft primary wheel 19 and one with an output rotatably coupled secondary wheel 20 , where primary wheel 19 and secondary wheel 20 a working space that can be filled with equipment 21 form. One of the paddle wheels, primary wheel 19 or secondary wheel 20 - Depending on the design and integration into an overall system - is a braking device 22 assigned to the support of this impeller - primary wheel 19 or secondary wheel 20 - on a stationary element 4 serves. This support is optional, that is as needed or requirement and can for example via a switchable positive coupling 23 in the form of a dog clutch 24 take place, wherein one of the coupling elements engageable with each other in operative connection, here the second coupling element 24.2 with the stationary element 4 is connected while the other coupling element 24.1 rotatably with the secondary wheel 20 is coupled or is formed by this. In this coupling between 24.1 . 24.2 would the decor 5 in the claw clutch 24 , in particular on the coupling element 24.1 , to be ordered. Preferably, the connection of first and second coupling element takes place here as well 24.1 . 24.2 not directly but via an intermediate element 24.3 in the form of an intermediate element 24.3 , The primary wheel 19 or the secondary wheel 20 - Depending on the assignment of the braking device 22 to one of these two paddle wheels - acts in this case as a stator 10 , About the device 5 in the positive coupling device 23 , in particular on the first coupling element 24.1 or the intermediate element 24.3 In this case, the support torque M _support can be determined, which in the mode of operation as a retarder 18 at each detected paddle wheel - primary wheel 19 or secondary wheel 20 - generated braking torque M _brake corresponds or is directly proportional.

The 4a and 4b clarify in schematically simplified representation possible embodiments with arrangement of contact elements 30 in the connection between a stator blade wheel 10 and the housing 12 , According to 4a is this contact element 30 in the form of a pen 31 executed on the housing 12 is stored stationary and towards the Statorschaufelrad 10 extends. This preferably engages in a groove 32 or a recess on the outer periphery of the Statorschaufelrades and contacts the outer surface of the stator 10 , Under torque load, that is, when supporting the Statorschaufelrades on the housing causes in the Statorschaufelrad 10 initiated reaction moment a deformation on the contact element 30 , wherein from the size of the deformation, the size of the reaction torque can be determined. The exact determination depends in detail on the arrangement of the corresponding measuring device, in particular in the form of the contact element and the contacting thereof on the stator blade wheel 10 as well as the size of the attack surface, the material etc.

In contrast, illustrates the 4b an alternative embodiment to 4a , which by the connection of a Statorschaufelrades on the housing 12 via a connection device 7 is characterized, wherein the connecting means of two single connection devices 33 and 34 consists of each other in the axial direction via a gutter 35 are coupled. The connection device 33 serves the rotationally fixed coupling between Statorschaufelrad 10 and housing 12 while the connecting device 34 the coupling between a first housing part 12.1 with the housing 12 serves.

The 5 illustrates a block diagram according to an inventive method for map adaptation of a hydrodynamic system 1 in the form of a hydrodynamic retarder 8th respectively. 18 by direct detection of the actual moment M _support-is at the stator 10 , which is the braking torque M _brake- equivalent by readjustment.

In a control device 25 , which is the hydrodynamic retarder 8th or the hydrodynamic coupling 18 may be assigned for operation as a hydrodynamic retarder, which may be a specially assigned to these hydrodynamic components control device or a higher-level control device is a map for a function of a driver request specification, for example via a device 27 deposited for the brake torque to be generated at least indirectly descriptive size. Preferably, the braking torque is stored as a function of the speed in the map directly. The map can also be present as a brake performance / driving speed map, wherein preferably the braking power is adjustable in stages. Depending on the driver's request after setting a certain delay or maintaining a speed or the setting of a certain constant braking torque M _{brake-constant} while a setpoint for the braking torque to be set M _{braking target is} formed and a manipulated variable Y for controlling a the retarder 8th associated adjusting device 26 formed, which should lead according to the map for setting this particular braking torque M _{brake target} . According to the invention is now the actual at the hydrodynamic retarder 8th set braking torque M _brake-actual over the _support torque M _{support-actual} on the stator 10 determined and compared with the setpoint M _{brake setpoint} . Depending on the deviation then a manipulated variable Y is _new to control the actuator 26 of the hydrodynamic retarder 8th formed, which is a change of the hydrodynamic retarder 8th set braking torque _M-neu contains. This regulation takes place until the desired braking torque M _{brake setpoint to be set is achieved} from the actual torque M _{brake actual} . The control is interrupted if the driver's request is changed. This driver request is, for example, to a device 27 to specify a driver request after setting a certain braking torque and / or the maintenance of a speed v and / or the setting of a delay specified. This device 27 can be executed in the simplest case as Retarderwählhebel or key switch. According to the invention the thus occurring in the service brake torque M _brake on _the stator 10 actively measured to the retarder 8th exactly within a certain tolerance depending on the requested setpoint M _{brake setpoint} to regulate. The retarder can be adjusted in its braking characteristics exactly the requested braking torque M _{braking target} as well as regulated. Furthermore, there is the possibility of the retarder 8th depending on the outside temperature to operate exactly at the power limit of the cooling system. In this case, the regulation of the retarder braking torque is part of another regulation or control.

The solution according to the invention also has the advantage that the ventilation moments with emptied hydrodynamic retarder 8th can be detected.

Preferably, the connecting device is provided with a plurality of torque sensors 6 equipped, which are designed such that different temperatures and bending moments occurring can be compensated or they are provided with a corresponding insulation, so that the different temperatures have no effect on this. These can be cast in synthetic resin or coated with Viton. In the simplest case, the torque sensors are designed as full bridges with integrated temperature compensation.

The 6 clarifies an example corresponding stationary characteristic map brake line over driving speed, as it can be stored in a control.

With regard to the control of the adjusting device there are a variety of possibilities. In the simplest case, the braking torque M _brake is adjusted by changing the degree of filling FG and / or the pressure at the inlet and / or outlet of the working space. Thus, depending on the degree of filling FG of the hydrodynamic retarder 8th depending on the output speed, that is speed of the rotor blade wheel, continuously adjust different braking torques. As already stated, the degree of filling FG can be reduced by throttling the inlet and / or outlet of the hydrodynamic braking device, in particular the working space 21 be specified.

1

hydrodynamic system

2

element

3

element

4

stationary element

5

Facility for detecting at least one of the support torque

at least indirectly characterizing size

6

torque sensor

7

connection

8th

hydrodynamic retarder

9

primary wheel

10

stator

11

decelerated wave

12

casing

13

connector

14

driving element

15

driving element

16

receptacle

17

rotationally symmetrical part

18

hydrodynamic clutch

19

primary wheel

20

secondary

21

working space

22

braking means

23

positive-locking connection

24

claw clutch

24.1

coupling member

24.2

coupling member

25

control device

26

setting device

27

Facility to specify a driver request after setting a

certain braking torque

28

connecting device

29

driving elements

30

contact element

31

pen

32

groove

33

connecting device

34

connecting device

35

gutter

Claims (20)

Hydrodynamic system ( 1 ) 1.1 with two elements which can be brought into operative connection with one another via a flow medium ( 2 . 3 ) in the form of paddle wheels - a first element ( 2 ) and a second element ( 3 ), the at least a portion of a working space filled with resources ( 21 ) form; 1.2 the first element ( 2 ) is rotatably mounted, the second element ( 3 ) is at least part of the usable operating range of the hydrodynamic system ( 1 ) on a fixed element ( 4 ) supported; 1.3 with a device for detecting the transmission behavior at least indirectly characterizing size; characterized by the following features: 1.4 the device for detecting a variable which at least indirectly characterizes the transmission behavior is a device ( 5 ) for detecting the supporting moment (M _support ) with support of the second element ( 3 ) on the stationary element ( 4 ) executed; 1.5 the facility ( 5 ) for detecting the supporting moment (M _support ) is between the second element ( 3 ) and the fixed element ( 4 ) arranged. Hydrodynamic system ( 1 ) according to claim 1, characterized in that the device ( 5 ) for detecting the _support torque (M _support ) at least one torque sensor ( 6 ). Hydrodynamic system ( 1 ) according to claim 2, characterized in that the single torque sensor is designed as a full torque sensor bridge with integrated temperature compensation. Hydrodynamic system ( 1 ) according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the device ( 5 ) on a contact element mounted on the stationary element ( 30 ) is arranged, which extends to the second element and this touches and detects the support torque as a function of the deformation of the contact element. Hydrodynamic system ( 1 ) according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the device ( 5 ) for detecting the supporting moment (M _support ) in the connection / 7 ) between fixed element ( 4 ) and second element ( 3 ) is arranged. Hydrodynamic system ( 1 ) according to claim 5, characterized in that the compound ( 7 ) between the second element ( 3 ) and fixed element ( 4 ) is executed positively and / or positively. Hydrodynamic system ( 1 ) according to one of claims 5 or 6, characterized in that the compound ( 7 ) between the second element ( 3 ) and the fixed element ( 4 ) via a connection device ( 28 ) and the establishment ( 5 ) at a rotationally fixed to the first element ( 2 ) coupled element of the connection device ( 28 ) or one with the first element ( 2 ) a structural unit forming element of the connecting device ( 7 ) is arranged. Hydrodynamic system ( 1 ) according to claim 7, characterized in that the connecting device ( 28 ) a positive coupling device ( 23 ) for connection to the fixed element ( 4 ), comprising a first non-rotatable with the first element ( 2 ) of the hydrodynamic system ( 1 ) or forming a structural unit with this coupling element ( 24.1 ) and a second with the fixed element ( 4 ) connected or formed by this coupling element ( 24.2 ), wherein first and second coupling element ( 24.1 . 24.2 ) at least indirectly, that is directly or via at least one intermediate element ( 24.3 ), are operatively connected to each other and the device ( 5 ) for detecting the support torque on the first coupling element ( 24.1 ) or the intermediate element is arranged. Hydrodynamic system ( 1 ) according to claim 8, characterized in that the coupling device ( 23 ) as the first coupling element ( 24.1 ) rotatably with the first element ( 2 ) of the hydrodynamic system ( 1 ) associated entrainment elements ( 14 ) supporting element and as a second coupling element ( 24.2 ) a second with the fixed element ( 4 ) associated entrainment elements ( 15 ) carrying element, wherein first and second driving elements bearing element of the positive connection means ( 7 ) are at least indirectly coupled together. Hydrodynamic system ( 1 ) according to claim 9, characterized in that the first and the second coupling element ( 24.1 . 24.2 ) via an intermediate element ( 24.3 ) in the form of a socket ( 16 ), which are complementary to the entrainment elements ( 14 . 15 ) of the first and the second coupling element ( 24.1 . 24.2 ) designed driving elements is formed and in operative connection with these or can be brought, wherein the device ( 5 ) for detecting the supporting moment (M _support ) on or in the plug-in sleeve ( 23 ) is arranged. Hydrodynamic system ( 1 ) according to one of claims 1 to 10, characterized by the following features: 11.1 the hydrodynamic system is used as a retarder ( 8th ) executed; 11.2 the first element ( 2 ) is from a with a braked wave ( 11 ) at least indirectly non-rotatably connected acting as a rotor blade impeller primary wheel ( 9 ) educated; 11.3 the second element ( 3 ) is transmitted from one via the connection device ( 28 ) with the fixed element ( 4 ) connected as Statorschaufelrad ( 10 ) acting secondary wheel formed; 11.4 the facility ( 5 ) for detecting a magnitude that at least indirectly characterizes the supporting moment (M _support ) is in the connecting device ( 28 ) for connecting the stator blade wheel ( 10 ) with the fixed element ( 4 ) arranged. Hydrodynamic system ( 1 ) according to claim 11, characterized in that the connecting device ( 28 ) as positive non-switchable coupling device ( 23 ) is executed. Hydrodynamic system ( 1 ) according to one of claims 1 to 10, characterized by the following features: 13.1 the hydrodynamic system ( 1 ) is a hydrodynamic coupling ( 18 ) executed; 13.2 the first element ( 2 ) is connected by a primary with a drive shaft at least indirectly rotatably connectable primary ( 19 ) and the second element ( 3 ) of a with an output at least indirectly rotatably connectable secondary wheel ( 20 ) containing a working space ( 27 ) formed; 13.3 Primary wheel ( 19 ) and secondary wheel ( 20 ) are rotatably mounted; 13.4 one of the two paddle wheels - primary wheel ( 19 ) or secondary wheel ( 20 ) - is a braking device ( 22 ) for fixing to the fixed element ( 4 ) associated with a part of the operating range of the hydrodynamic system as connection means ( 28 ) acts; 13.5 the facility ( 5 ) for detecting at least one of the support moment (M _support ) at least indirectly characterizing size is in the braking device ( 22 ), which is designed as a switchable coupling device with a fixed coupling element. Hydrodynamic system ( 1 ) according to one of claims 1 to 12, characterized in that the device ( 5 ) has a heat insulation for detecting the support torque. Hydrodynamic system ( 1 ) according to one of claims 1 to 14, characterized by the following features: 15.1 with an adjusting device ( 26 ) to influence one the flow circuit in the working space ( 21 ) at least indirectly characterizing size. 15.2 with a control device ( 25 ); 15.3 the control device ( 25 ) is with the device ( 5 ) for detecting the supporting moment (M _support ) and the adjusting device ( 26 ) coupled. Hydrodynamic system ( 1 ) according to one of claims 1 to 15, characterized in that the device ( 5 ) for detecting the supporting moment coaxial with the bearing axis of the second element ( 3 ), which the center axis (A) of the second element ( 4 ), is arranged. Method for operating a hydrodynamic system ( 1 ) according to one of claims 1 to 16, which at least temporarily as a hydrodynamic retarder ( 8th ), characterized by the following features: 17.1 in which a rigid braking torque / speed or speed characteristic map in a control device ( 25 ), which the hydrodynamic system ( 1 ) is deposited; 17.2 in which, depending on a driver's request after changing and / or setting a desired deceleration and / or a desired speed to be maintained and / or a braking torque (M _brake ) at least indirectly descriptive size a setpoint for a set braking torque (M _{brake target} ) is given; 17.3 in which on the basis of the characteristic field from the predetermined desired value (M _{brake target} ) a manipulated variable Y for controlling the actuator ( 26 ) of the hydrodynamic system ( 1 ) is formed to change the transmission behavior and 17.4 the actual value of the generated braking torque (M _brake-actual ) from the with the device ( 5 ) Determined support moment _{(M-supporting Ist)} is determined and (the predetermined desired value M _{braking command)} will be compared, wherein (M _{braking command)} is adjusted by changing the manipulated variable Y in deviation of the target value. A method according to claim 17, characterized in that the actual value of the generated braking torque (M _brake-actual ) the Absützmoment (M _support-is ) corresponds. A method according to claim 16 or 17, characterized in that the supporting _moment (M _supportive ) is determined continuously. Method according to one of claims 17 to 19, characterized that this part of a parent Control and / or regulation A constant acceleration / deceleration, - a constant speed - one constant braking torque is.