DE102005046793B4 - Method for increasing the accuracy of fit of a vehicle attachment and joint assembly of a vehicle structural part and a vehicle attachment - Google Patents

Abstract

Method for increasing the accuracy of fitting of a vehicle attachment provided with a positioning device (2-8; 14-18), in which:
a) the attachment is positioned in a measurement coordinate system (X, Y, Z),
b) an actual position (A, B), which assumes a first reference point (P) of the vehicle attachment in the measurement coordinate system, measured and
c) from the measurement in a desired-actual comparison, a positional deviation is determined, which has the first reference point (P) in a first coordinate direction (X) to its desired position,
d) and in which the positioning device (2-8; 14-18) is corrected before mounting the attachment to reduce the positional deviation.

Description

The The invention relates to a method for increasing the accuracy of fit a vehicle attachment, that for an assembly on or in a vehicle or a vehicle part Positioning device has. The procedure is complete or partly on the attachment as such, d. H. not yet mounted Attachment, performed. The The invention further relates to a corrected accuracy of fit Vehicle attachment as such and in one at the installation of the Vehicle or vehicle part mounted state. object The invention is also a joining compound a vehicle structural part and a vehicle attachment, wherein the structural part installed in or on a vehicle or for installation is provided and it is the attachment in particular a Corrected according to the invention can act. After all The invention also relates to a measuring and manipulating device for the automatic determination of a positional deviation that still has not corrected attachment, and for a position deviation diminishing Correction.

The Demands on the accuracy of fit of vehicle attachments increase constantly. On the other hand, inexpensive mass products are required. Special Problems arise for example in such attachments, the from several by means of joint connection interconnected moldings exist when one of the joined moldings serves as a positioning of the attachment, another of Moldings but certain requirements for the accuracy of fit relative to the vehicle, in particular the vehicle body, must meet. An example of such an attachment, the invention in particular concerns, is a vehicle lamp, such as rear light.

The DE 103 48 500 A1 discloses a method for adjusting gap dimensions, in which measured actual dimensions are compared with predetermined desired dimensions, and during the assembly of the vehicle attachment part, the gap for reducing the positional deviation is corrected. The DE 100 26 192 A1 discloses a method for installing doors in a motor vehicle, wherein in the measurement of the body position data of Scharnieranschraubflächen on the body of at least one coordinate direction of a predetermined three-dimensional coordinate system determined and used in the calculation of the position data. From the DE 41 40 574 A1 is a self-centering connection for mounting a pre-adjusted functional unit by means of a non-positive connection, in particular screw or rivet, for mounting a window regulator disc module example in a door body using defined reference axes between the functional unit and the body body known in which in the coordinate system XYZ all important attachment points or their location are clearly determined.

It is an object of the invention, the accuracy of fit of vehicle attachments economical to improve.

To the invention, to improve the accuracy of fit, a vehicle attachment, that for the Mounting on or in a vehicle comprises a positioning device, in a measurement coordinate system, i. H. in a measuring device, positioned. The measuring coordinate system is preferably a Cartesian Coordinate system. The actual position is on the attached attachment at least one reference point of the attachment so measured that From the measurement, a positional deviation can be determined, which is the Reference point after mounting the attachment to an installation location on or in a vehicle in a clamping direction of the attachment would. The tensioning direction is preferably the direction in which the attachment at the planned installation location during assembly against the body or another part of the vehicle is tensioned. The position deviation is advantageously measured in the clamping direction. The clamping direction preferably also forms a first coordinate direction of the measurement coordinate system. The measurement coordinate system and the body-derived from the assembly Coordinate system of the attachment but do not necessarily match.

at the method becomes from the measurement in a comparison of the actual position determined with a predetermined desired position of the reference point, the position deviation. After all the positioning of the attachment is corrected, so that the positional deviation is reduced, ideally eliminated.

The inventive method delivers a fitting fitting in one grade with respect to its for positioning relevant tolerances, as the shaping process - and at the preferred multi-part attachments their molding processes and Joining and Connect - only can or can provide at very high cost. It is also advantageous that on corrective action on the structure of the vehicle to which the attachment is mounted dispensed can be.

The correction made to the positioning device may be adjustment or a change of shape or a first molding of one or more positioning elements of Positioning device or a setting and changing the Include mold in combination.

In preferred embodiments, the positioning device comprises at least one Positionierele ment, which is in an adjustment with the support structure of the attachment. The positioning element is adjusted in the engagement relative to the support structure in the direction of the first coordinate direction in order to reduce the determined positional deviation with respect to this direction. The first coordinate direction is, as already mentioned, preferably the direction in which the attachment is clamped during assembly against the structure of the vehicle at the later installation location. The adjustment engagement preferably permits a continuous adjustment movement of the positioning element. In particular, the adjustment can be formed as a threaded engagement. By adjusting the position, namely the distance is set, which has a positioning of the positioning, preferably a contact surface, relative to the support structure and the reference points or the attachment. The set positioning can be automatically secured in the assumed setting position or secured by additional measures, so that it can be moved out of the setting neither in the first coordinate direction against the first coordinate direction, at least not without special efforts. On the other hand, the setting position is not predetermined by a fixed end stop, but is variable along the Verstellingriffs and is determined depending on the measurement.

Preferably is the adjustable positioning with the support structure already in the adjustment operation when the actual position of the reference point is measured becomes. The actual position can in this case in relation to the adjustable Measure positioning element and its position correcting the position deviation be adjusted. in principle However, should not be ruled out that the adjustable positioning only after measuring in the Verstellingriff brought and adjusted. If the attachment itself is not sufficiently flexurally or torsionally stiff is and therefore bends or twists of the attachment too fear are, can on the attachment further adjustable positioning of the described type or the nature of other positioning provided in addition be.

Especially Preferably, the positioning means comprises at least three, in Direction of the first coordinate axis adjustable positioning elements, which are not arranged along a straight line and whose positioning points designed as points therefore span one plane. Form the adjustable positioning elements as preferred simultaneously also fastening or clamping elements, by means of which the attachment in the first coordinate direction in each case at the installation on a Structural part of a vehicle tensioned and thereby secured can, then suffice in principle already three of the adjustable positioning elements to the attachment at the installation with respect to its three degrees of freedom of translation and also with regard to its three degrees of freedom of rotation.

The Positioning device can instead of one or more adjustable Positioning elements comprise one or more positioning elements, the for the Correction of the determined position deviation and preferably also a position deviation in one of the other coordinate directions of the measuring coordinate system shape-changing edited or at all first created or will be. Preference is given to a machining. As a cutting deformation method comes in particular milling into consideration.

In particularly preferred embodiments the positioning a plurality of positioning elements, of which at least one in an adjustment engagement with the support structure set and at least one other is changed in shape. The other positioning can on the attachment after its original formation also be created, especially in the form of a hole or a depression. The other positioning can in one more Alternative also be formed separately and connected to the attachment become. The at least one adjustable positioning element - in the following also called first positioning element - preferably also serves as Fastener. The at least one other, second in kind Positioning element is preferably used for positioning of the attachment in a plane perpendicular to the first coordinate direction, comparable a centering pin or centering hole. Preferably, it sticks out like a pin in the first coordinate direction of the attachment before or is formed as a hole or depression. Preferably, at least two of the type provided second positioning elements, each how centering act and are spaced apart, so that by means of these positioning elements the attachment with respect to rotations can be fixed around the first coordinate axis. The second positioning elements thus determine the points in which the adjustable positioning elements at the later installation site Contact the corresponding structural part of the vehicle.

If the tolerance improvement positioning device comprises at least one adjustable first positioning element and at least one second positioning element, the setting of the first positioning element and the deformation or first shaping or positioning of the second positioning element are carried out sequentially one after the other on the attachment in a first method variant. After setting the adjustable positioning or more adjustable positioning the attachment with the or The set positioning elements are preferably repositioned relative to a reference structure, and the attachment is measured again. On the basis of the measurement, the changes in shape to be made are determined and carried out on the one or more corresponding positioning elements, or the second positioning element is created in position or attached to the attachment in the first place.

By doing one or more second positioning elements are provided, the the attachment transverse to the first coordinate direction on the vehicle or Can specify vehicle part the first positioning element and cooperating with him positioning of the vehicle or vehicle part transversely to the first coordinate axis have play with each other. In a modification, the first Positioning element and cooperating with him positioning however, the vehicle or vehicle part is transverse to the first Coordinate direction made to fit each other, d. H. with a Fit provided so that a positioning of said second type can be dispensed with.

In A second variant of the method becomes the measurement and manipulation processes for the Setting the at least one first positioning and the Processing or generation of the at least one second positioning element not both executed on the attachment, but physically separated from each other. The adjustment process will still made on the attachment, so that on the relevant versions to the first variant of the method can be referenced. The positioning the at least one second positioning element, namely the Creation of such a positioning element at all or the shape-changing Processing of an already rough preformed positioning, be made on a vehicle structural part, the immediate one Vehicle body or not yet installed in the body Body part can be. This under the first process variant described second step can thus at a different location either simultaneously with the setting of the at least one first Positioning element, d. H. parallel, or at a different time be made, preferably within a production line for vehicle bodies. In the line will do this a measuring and manipulation station for pre-assembly of the attachments created. The pre-assembly consists in the attachment or production if necessary including the shape-changing processing the at least one second positioning element directly on Vehicle structural part. In the station becomes a contoured model provided the attachment. The model and the one after the other Workstation traversing structural parts become each other in a joining position, after the final assembly to take the attachments, positioned. The model and the respective vehicle structural part become relative to each other for the perfect fit Measure positioning. The model is at least as contoured, like this for measuring in order to identify and adjust a sufficient Fitting accuracy is required.

In preferred embodiments Both the model and the vehicle structural part become uniform a gap existing between the model and the structural part, d. H. on one for this representative gap, measured. As a gap preferably measured gap width and precipitation, and the joining position will be on these two dimensions optimized or possibly only to compliance specified Setpoints checked. For the measurement of gap dimension The model and the modeled attachment thus agree on one the gap limiting edge of the attachment at least discrete locations match. Gives the measurement that the model and the vehicle structural part are positioned relative to each other with sufficient gap quality, is on the vehicle structural part or the second positioning elements produced or preferably attached. This is preferably still done while that Model and the vehicle structural part occupy the joining position. The second Positioning elements can in particular welded or riveted to the vehicle structural part. Other methods for example, the drilling of a suitable opening or else a milling, are basically also conceivable.

Because of Using a model can make changes in the geometry of the respective similar vehicle structural parts be detected safely and quickly, as it is always against the same structure, namely against the model is measured. In particular, can be obtained by means of the model Transfer measured data to the part of the measuring and manipulation station be, which carries out the adjustment of the first positioning elements. Conversely, you can Measured data obtained from the attachments of the models working with the model Station transmitted become. For example, if a certain trend regarding the Determined geometry can be beneficial in setting the first positioning elements or in the production or attachment the second positioning elements or in a clever combination for both types of positioning elements, the deviation in question be compensated. In doing so, it will look for a suitable algorithm decided, at which point and in what way regarding modifying the detected deviation to its compensation should be intervened.

The measuring and manipulating device of the second variant of the method thus comprises the measuring and manipulating station for the attachments and the before preferably formed in the production line measuring and Manipulierstation for the vehicle structural parts. The model-operating station has, in preferred embodiments, one or more robots for generating or positioning and securing the second positioning elements and a suitable measuring device for measuring the position of the model relative to the vehicle structural part. The measurement is preferably carried out optically, preferably by means of laser. In particular, the light-section method is suitable. This type of measurement is best suited for the determination of gap width and precipitation. The measurement is preferably carried out at predetermined measuring points along the outer contour of the model which is decisive for the accuracy of fit, for which representative measuring points are selected. In order to achieve a gap which is as uniform as possible in terms of optical properties, it may be advantageous to weight the measuring points in terms of their significance. The weighting factors can be manually set and automatically predetermined in this way or, alternatively, predetermined automatically on the basis of a correspondingly programmed algorithm. Preferably, the measuring and manipulating device has the ability to optimize the weighting factors within a series.

In a third preferably following in both process variants Work step will be the tolerance-enhanced attachment to another Reference structure, which corresponds to the recording at the later installation location, repositioned. Here, the attachment is measured again. With a target-actual comparison based on this measurement can be based on Be assured of tolerance limits that the finished attachment the quality requirements for the Installation corresponds. The procedure is verified. The last measurement allows for further tolerance improvement based on the Measurement optimizes and stabilizes the previous work steps become. about such a local optimization and stabilization, it is advantageous if measurement data from the final assembly of the fixture in the correction process to be led back, to over the local tolerance optimization process of the first method variant or the already ongoing optimization process of the second Process variant addition, a further increase the accuracy of fit and thus another, integrating tolerance optimization in the To achieve series production.

The Method according to the first variant, at least the two steps the attitude and shape change or first generation, is preferably by means of a measuring and Manipulator automatically performed. The device comprises a measuring and Manipulierstation for measuring the attachment and Setting the at least one, preferably the plurality of adjustable Positioning elements and a downstream measuring and manipulation station for the re Measuring the attachment and the molding or positioning based on it the at least one second positioning element or preferably several of these positioning elements. The delivery of one of the two Stations on the other handover a transfer device automatically. The first station to be passed preferably indicates the setting a screwdriver with one or more screwdrivers for setting the adjustable positioning or the plurality of adjustable positioning on. The downstream station preferably has one milling machines with several milling cutters.

For the mentioned Local tolerance optimization includes the measuring and manipulating device preferably a further, third measuring station with the mentioned further reference structure. Between this reference station and the Both measuring and Manipulierstationen there is a data communication, wireless or wired, over the measurement data or even already evaluations of the measurement data representing Data are returned to the measuring and manipulation stations to their adjustment work and / or shape changing Machining, first generation or attachment for further tolerance improvement readjust.

For the mentioned integrating tolerance optimization, it is advantageous if still another, fourth measuring station in the measuring and manipulating device is involved, the fourth measuring station in the assembly of the Attachments in assembled state at the installation again the actual positions the reference points missing. From this determined position deviations with regard to the installation location on the vehicle will be in the measuring and Manipulierstationen recycled. Instead of the position deviations due to data transfer, the fourth measuring station itself be equipped with an evaluation that performs a target-actual comparison and on the basis of which already corrective measures are derived, which then be returned by data transfer. The same applies to the third measuring station. Although in the preferred embodiment the measuring and Manipuliervorrichtung both the third measuring station as also the fourth measuring station are provided, if present the fourth measuring station certainly on the third measuring station or their use after initial made adjustment omitted.

A vehicle attachment, which is also the subject of the invention, comprises a functional structure, a carrier structure, which is connected in a fixed joint connection with the functional structure, and at least one positioning element for positioning the attachment on or in a vehicle. If the attachment is a luminaire, a transparent cover plate forms the functional structure. The support structure serves to position and fix the luminaire at the installation site and is provided with the openings required for introducing the light sources. For example, instead of a vehicle light, the attachment may also be a grille or a bumper. In all examples, the support structure serves in any case the positioning and attachment of the respective attachment. The positioning is therefore sufficiently firmly connected in all these attachments with the support structure to meet the function of positioning can.

To The invention is the positioning element with the support structure bolted and secured in a setting position. The adjustment position is therefore not predetermined by stop end position, but along the Screw axis variable. The fuse is advantageously based on a traction, an adhesive Joining or a combination of the two types of connection. For adhesive joining, this is done with the support structure engaged screw thread with a securing means provided, for example Loctite. A sufficiently strong adhesion, the one dissolving of the positioning from the set position under the vehicle operation For example, by preventing Forming the screw thread in a deviating from the circular cylinder Be achieved in cross-sectional shape, for example by a multilobular, preferably trilobular, securing thread.

The Positioning element and a screw counter element of the support structure form the two joint elements of a screw joint. Preferably the screw counter element firmly connected to the support structure or in one piece shaped. One of the two hinge elements points beyond the screw thread preferably another thread on, as external thread or may be formed as an internal thread. The further thread serves attaching the attachment to the installation site. Indicates the positioning element the more thread on, it is with its screw thread either in the carrier structure screwed or on a screw counter element forming pin the support structure screwed. If the screw counter element has the further thread, it is advantageous formed as a pin or bolt that protrudes from the support structure in front. The positioning element can in such embodiments a threaded nut, which does not differ from conventional threaded nuts or differs only by a multilobular internal thread.

preferred Features are also set out in the subclaims and their combinations described.

One embodiment The invention will be explained below with reference to figures. It demonstrate:

1 a vehicle attachment in a measuring and manipulating station,

2 the vehicle attachment corrected with respect to a first coordinate direction,

3 the vehicle attachment before correcting its fit with respect to the other two coordinate directions,

4 the vehicle attachment installed on a vehicle body,

5 a vehicle attachment with a modified positioning device,

6 a further modification of a positioning device,

7 a press-fit positioning element,

8th a welded positioning element,

9 a measuring and manipulating device,

10 the provision of a positioning device on a vehicle body by means of a model of a vehicle attachment,

11 the model positioned on the vehicle body in a view and

12 a data coupling between two stations of a measuring and manipulating device.

1 shows a portion of a vehicle attachment, which is positioned in a measuring and Manipulierstation. The vehicle attachment is a vehicle lamp, in the exemplary embodiment, a tail light. It consists of a transparent cover structure 1 , a carrier structure 2 and in the support structure 2 used, not shown, illuminants and reflectors. The visible on a vehicle from the outside deck structure 1 is subdivided into color-separated areas, as is usual with taillights. The cover structure 1 and the support structure 2 are each made of plastic separately molded and cohesively, preferably encircling, interconnected; in particular, they may be adhesively joined or welded together.

From one of the deck structure 1 remote from the back of the support structure 2 protrude several cones 3 and a plurality of pin-shaped positioning and fixing elements 8th from. The positioning and fixing elements 8th are at the support structure 2 integrally formed. In the cones 3 is ever immovably taken an injection nut, which in the following the simplicity because of the pin 3 is attributed. Into the injection nut of the pin 3 is a positioning element formed as a screw 4 screwed. The screw axis of the positioning element 4 points in a coordinate direction X of a Cartesian measuring coordinate system X, Y, Z of the measuring and Manipulierstation. The coordinate direction X is at the same time the mounting and clamping direction of the luminaire at the later installation location. The positioning element 4 forms the adjustable hinge element and the pin 3 the relative to the attachment not movable joint element of a screw joint.

The positioning element 4 has two threaded sections along the screw axis 6 and 7 and a flange in between 5 on. With the threaded section 6 is the positioning element 4 with the injection nut of the pin 3 in an adjustable screw engagement. The flange 5 forms at its from the vehicle structure 2 side facing away from a positioning 5a , In the exemplary embodiment, a contact surface with which the vehicle lamp to a reference structure 10 the measuring and Manipulierstation rests in the embodiment rests. The reference structure 10 corresponds with regard to the positioning of the vehicle body at the later installation location. The positioning element 4 penetrated by its further threaded portion 7 the reference structure 10 , which is provided for this purpose with a corresponding passage. The vehicle light is on the reference structure 10 but prefers only loose.

In 4 the vehicle lamp is shown in the mounted state at the installation site. The positioning element 4 is used for mounting not only the positioning in coordinate or clamping direction X, but also the attachment of the vehicle lamp to a structural part 13 of a vehicle. For attachment is a threaded nut 9 on the free threaded section 7 screwed, so that the reference structure 10 corresponding structural part 13 the vehicle body between the flange 5 and the nut 9 is clamped. By means of several positioning and fixing elements 8th During assembly, the vehicle lamp is fixed with respect to rotations about the axis parallel to the coordinate direction X, so that the positions of the positioning elements 4 are fixed around the axis concerned.

The support structure 2 serves with their cones 3 , Positioning and fixing elements 8th and in the cones 3 screwed positioning 4 as a positioning device for the precise installation and attachment of the vehicle lamp at the later installation location. In order to ensure the precise installation of the vehicle in the raw state still subject to considerable tolerances, namely in terms of customer requirements for the tolerances of the column, the appearance and flush between the body shell, the adjacent vehicle lamp and possibly existing flaps, in the measuring coordinate system X, Y Z of the measuring and manipulating station by means of the positioning device 2 - 8th positioned, with respect to the translational and rotational degrees of freedom fixed, but preferably not fixed vehicle lamp measured by means of a measuring device of the station and corrected by means of a Manipuliereinrichtung depending on the measurement result so that the accuracy of fit of the luminaire is improved at the later installation. The measuring device is equipped with sensors with which the position of reference points P of the deck structure 1 in the measuring coordinate system X, Y, Z can be determined. In the exemplary embodiment are touch sensors. Non-contact sensors are used instead or in addition, however, also. The reference points P are edge points which extend beyond the peripheral edge of the cover structure 1 are distributed. By means of the sensors, of which in 1 a representative of a sensor 11 and a sensor 12 are shown, the reference points P of the luminaire with respect to the receiving points of the reference structure 10 and thus measured to the receiving points of the body at the later installation site.

In 1 is a reference point P representative of the other plotted. The sensor 11 pointing in the X direction against the peripheral edge of the deck structure 1 is moved, measures the distance A, the reference point P in the X direction from the abutment surface of the positioning 4 having. The sensor 12 measures the distance B, the reference point P in the direction perpendicular to the X direction Z direction to the positioning and fixing 8th having. Because the positioning and fixing element 8th the positioning and fixing of the vehicle lamp in the Y, Z plane is used, with another, not shown sensor, the position of the positioning and fixing 8th also measured in the Y direction with respect to another of the reference points.

The measured values are fed to an evaluation device. The evaluation device compares the actual position of the vehicle light represented by the measured values with a desired position stored in the evaluation device in the form of assigned nominal values and calculates the positional deviations of the reference points P from the respective desired position and therefrom those at the positioning elements from the target-actual comparison 4 and 8th to be made corrections.

The evaluation device transfers a data set representing the calculated corrections to the control of a manipulation device of the measuring and manipulating station. The manipulation Direction is formed as a screwdriver with at least one screwdriver, preferably with a screwdriver per adjustable positioning 4 , The screwdriver or screws screw or screw the positioning 4 to one of the position deviation "0" corresponding screwing.

2 shows the still in the measuring and Manipulierstation vehicle lamp after this adjustment. The contact surface of the positioning element 4 points to the reference point P now has a desired position corresponding distance A '.

After the screwing process, the vehicle light is measured again. On the basis of the new measurement result, a further target / actual comparison is carried out. If necessary, the automatic screwdriver corrects the screw-in depths of the positioning elements 4 ,

After the vehicle lamp is corrected with respect to the X direction, it is positioned in a further, downstream measuring and manipulating station, preferably by being attached to the flanges 5 the set positioning elements 4 is clamped. The luminaire is measured again with respect to the Y and Z directions. The already mentioned evaluation device or an evaluation device specially assigned to the downstream measurement and manipulation station carries out the described target-actual comparison again, but on the basis of the new measured values and determines from the comparison the respective optimum position of the positioning and fixing elements 8th to the reference points P.

To correct the determined position deviations are the positioning and fixing 8th machined. The downstream measurement and manipulation station is equipped with a milling machine with at least one milling head for the change in shape, preferably with at least one milling head per positioning and fixing element B. The evaluation device transfers the position deviations determined from the target / actual comparison or those already calculated therefrom Corrections to a controller of the milling machine, based on this data, the movements of the milling heads for processing the positioning and fixing 8th controls. The milling heads are moved for milling in two axes of the Y, Z plane. The evaluation device determines the travel paths of the milling heads and the controller controls the milling heads accordingly. The positioning and fixing elements 8th are milled to optimum Y, Z position and optimal installation thickness.

3 shows the vehicle lamp with only one of the positioning and fixing B. The not yet corrected positioning and fixing 8th is in solid lines and the corrected positioning and fixing element 8th is shown by dashed lines. B 'denotes the distance measured in the Z direction, which is an X-directional central longitudinal axis of the corrected positioning and fixing element 8th to the reference point P has. The distance B 'corresponds to the optimum position in the Z direction. The same applies to the Y direction. B "denotes the thickness of the corrected positioning and fixing element measured in the Z direction 8th , If the positioning and fixing element 8th is circular in cross-section, B '' indicates the mounting diameter.

The vehicle lamp is corrected in the exemplary embodiment in two steps one after the other in two measuring and manipulating stations of a measuring manipulating device. In principle, however, it would also be possible to measure the luminaire in a single station and, with the two different manipulators of this station, one after the other, the positioning device 2 - 8th to correct, set in the embodiment and machined. The physical transfer of the vehicle light from one station to another would be omitted. It could also be dispensed with the measurement in the second measuring and manipulation station. For short cycle times, however, the measurement and adjustment / processing in two sequentially to be traversed measuring and Manipulierstationen is more advantageous.

5 shows a vehicle attachment with a modified positioning. The vehicle attachment can likewise be a vehicle light, for example a tail light, so that reference can be made in this regard to the above explanations. The positioning device again comprises a positioning element as an adjustable joint element 14 , which is formed in the modification as a disc-shaped flat adjusting nut with a simple or multilobular internal thread. In the modified embodiment, it is quite simply that of the support structure 18 remote end face of the positioning 14 a positioning surface 14a for the exact positioning in the clamping direction X of the attachment. A pin-shaped joint element 15 forms the relative to the attachment not movable joint element of the screw joint of the positioning. The joint element 15 protrudes from the support structure 18 of the attachment freely before. It can work with the support structure 18 molded in one piece or preferably separately formed and fixed to the support structure 18 be connected. Is it the carrier structure 18 as preferred to a plastic injection molded part, so may preferably metallic hinge element 15 be injected in the injection molding. The joint element 15 is like the positioning element 4 of the first embodiment provided with two threads, namely a screw thread 16 with which the positioning element 14 in threaded engagement, and another thread 17 for a threaded nut 19 , The threaded nut 19 corresponds in function to the threaded nut 9 of the first embodiment and serves to attach the attachment to a structural part 13 a vehicle body or just a not yet installed body part. Apart from the above-mentioned differences, the attachment can be formed as described in the first embodiment. In particular, the adjustment of the positioning element 14 and the preferably identically formed further adjustable positioning elements as described for the first embodiment are made.

In addition to the adjustment of the position of at least one positioning element 4 or 14 on the attachment can on the structural part 13 of the vehicle, a positioning member for positioning the attachment set in a position and in the set position on the structural part 13 be attached. The position becomes relative to the structural part 13 in at least one direction transverse to the clamping direction X adjusted so that by positive engagement of the positioning 8th or optionally of the positioning element 4 or 14 the attachment in the at least one direction transverse to the clamping direction X on the structural part 13 is determined. One of its position on the structural part 13 adjusted and fixed positioning element is advantageous in particular in cooperation with the or one of the positioning elements 8th , wherein by adjusting the positioning on the side of the structural part 13 on the processing of the cooperating positioning element 8th can be waived. The attachment therefore only needs the positioning element in such modified versions 4 or 14 or have the ever more positioning elements 4 or 14 Position can be adjusted as described.

6 shows such a positioning element 20 whose position is adjusted transversely to the clamping direction X for the joint to be formed with the attachment joint fit and fixed in the set position by means of press fit. The positioning element 20 is a press-fit and the press assembly is formed in the manner of a riveted joint. To the position of the positioning element 20 to be able to adjust, assigns the structural part 13 at the location intended for the press assembly an opening, in the embodiment a simple hole on. The structural part 13 forms around the opening circumferentially a retaining flange 13a , The positioning element 20 has a press flange 21 and in the unpressed state one of the press flange 21 in the clamping direction X projecting, compared to the press flange 21 thinner sleeve section 22 on. The opening of the structural part 13 and thus the inner edge of the retaining flange 13a facing the outer peripheral surface of the undeformed sleeve portion 22 transverse to the clamping direction X on an oversize a, which is significantly larger than that in the region of the opening between the structural part 13 and the positioning element 20 applicable fitting tolerances. Within the scope of the oversize a, plus or minus the fitting tolerances, is the position of the positioning element 20 relative to the structural part 13 adjustable transversely to the clamping direction X. In the preferred formation of the opening as a circular hole, the position can be adjusted transversely to the clamping direction X in two mutually perpendicular directions. In the set position, the sleeve section 22 widened by means of a riveting tool and by plastic deformation up against the retaining flange 13a folded over so that the retaining flange 13a between the opposite flanges 21 and 22 pressed in and the positioning element 20 in exact position with the structural part 13 connected is. The one of the sleeve section 22 formed in Pressverbund counter flange is in 6 indicated in dashed line and also with 22 designated. For the illustrated press connection, it is assumed only for the representation of the oversize a that the positioning element 20 within the aperture of the structural part 13 assumes an end position, in which it is on one side of the inner edge of the retaining flange 13a touched. Accordingly remains on the opposite side of the full excess a as a free space.

7 shows the undeformed positioning 20 in a plan view of the end face of the sleeve portion 22 , At the top of the press flange 21 are several ribs 23 formed to ensure after the production of the composite particularly sure that the positioning 20 can not move from the set position. Ribs 23 are simply straight, so that for the determination of a translational movement in the cross-sectional plane of the opening of the structural part 13 at least two ribs not parallel to each other 23 needed. In the embodiment, four, in pairs perpendicular to each other facing ribs 23 intended. In principle, however, would satisfy two mutually non-parallel ribs. Ribs 23 For example, could be replaced by three protruding nubs that form a triangle with each other in plan view. Other forms of projecting security elements are also conceivable.

8th shows another example of a positioning element 25 , the exact position on the structural part 13 is fixed and an alternative to the positioning element formed as a socket 20 represents. The positioning element 25 protrudes bolt or pin-shaped from the structural part 13 from. The positioning element 25 was optimized for position on the structural part 13 welded, preferably by means of a robot, on the arm of a stud welding is arranged head. The attachment is accordingly one to the shape of the positioning 25 adapted breakthrough provided. The opening can as above based on the positioning 8th described by processing the attachment in the support structure 2 or 18 be created or adapted in the first place. In the case of preferably positionally accurate attachment of the positioning 25 , as well as the positioning element 20 However, it is based on such processing of the attachment with respect to the positioning elements 8th or the embodiment of the 8th omitted breakthrough or openings omitted, and it will be the second positioning elements in the immediate formation of the attachment, preferably the support structure 2 or 18 , shaped and then not changed.

The described to the first embodiment, running uniformly on the attachment process of adjusting the first type of positioning, namely adjustable in an adjustment positioning 4 or 14 , and the positionally accurate shape adaptation or generation of the second type of positioning elements, namely the positioning elements 8th and the mentioned openings or holes, is split into two separate processes. The process of adjusting the first type of positioning elements is still performed on the attachment. The other process, the creation of the positioning elements of the second type, for example, as in the embodiments, a positioning socket 20 or a positioning pin 25 , on the other hand, is on the structural part 13 , preferably on the structural part installed in the vehicle body 13 executed in a vehicle production line.

following becomes the process variant split into the two sub-processes described.

9 shows a measuring and manipulation station 26 for add-on parts, with which the positioning elements 4 or 14 with respect to the first coordinate direction X, ie the clamping direction, are set accurately. The measuring and manipulation station 26 includes a frame 27 to which the reference structure 10 in the form of punctiform editions and the associated pin holders 10a are arranged stationary. The measuring and manipulation station 26 further comprises a holding device 28 with a frame, a suction device connected to the frame and a plurality of tactile sensors connected to the frame 11 and 12 for measuring an attachment. The frame 27 stores the holding device 28 along the first coordinate axis X in the direction of the reference structure 10 to and from the reference structure 10 way back and forth linearly movable. The attachment held in each case is placed on the reference structure 10 too moved until the positioning surfaces 5a or 14a the positioning elements to be set 4 or 14 the reference structure 10 to contact. Then the attachment is as described with the sensors 11 and 12 measured, and the positioning elements 4 or 14 will be corrected. For the correction, the reference structure 10 of screwdrivers 29 protrudes, by means of which the positioning elements 4 or 14 in Verstelleingriff according to the result of the measurement as described with reference to the first embodiment.

10 shows the laid in the production line of vehicle bodies sub-process of positionally accurate attachment of the second positioning elements, which in the subsequent assembly for the exact alignment of the respective attachment transverse to the first coordinate direction X, ie in the YZ plane, provide. In the exemplary embodiment, it is assumed that in the in 10 shown measuring and manipulation station 36 the production line the positioning pins 25 of the 8th on the structural parts 13 be welded. The attachments formed as taillights are mounted in the transition between the left or right rear fender and the rear part. The composite of fender and rear part forms each of the structural part 13 ,

For positionally accurate fastening of the positioning elements 25 has the measuring and manipulation station 36 over two contoured models 30 , once the left and then the right tail lamp, and two industrial robots 37 for welding the positioning elements 25 , The industrial robots 37 at the same time hold the models 30 , The models 30 are the tail lights in all respects, which are essential for their custom-fit installation, faithfully contoured. In particular, the models have 30 surrounding the adjacent edges of the vehicle body including a tailgate connecting edges such as the actual taillights, so that the gap quality, in particular the gap width and the drop can be measured to the surrounding edges of the vehicle body. Instead of recirculating the contour of the respective tail light, the models can 30 However, even a lifelike contour only partially, namely in such sections that are essential for the gap quality and are measured accordingly. The station 36 is also with a station computer 38 fitted. About the station computer 38 is a data comparison with the measuring and Manipulierstation 26 carried out.

The station 36 is about the model just used 30 also with other models 31 and 32 equipped for other types of taillights, so that flexible can be changed between model series of vehicles. The models 31 and 32 are within the indicated manipulation circles of the robot 37 arranged so that this automatically when changing the vehicle model, the corresponding model 31 and 32 against the currently used model 30 can exchange.

11 shows one of the models 30 in surveying and positioning. With 13c is the tailgate of the vehicle called. If in the vehicle body no seal for the tailgate 13c is inserted, the tailgate 13c from the robots 37 or another positioning device of the station 36 held in the position that they would take with the seal in the closed state. The robot 37 positions the model 30 relative to the structural part 13 and the tailgate 13c , In this state, the quality of the gap is measured, preferably as indicated in a light-section method using a laser. The measuring locations along the contour of the model 30 are each drawn by a group of parallel lines that are to represent the laser light. Also indicated is the measurement of the gap quality between the held tailgate 13c and the structural part 13 , Once an evaluation of the station 36 determines that the model 30 With regard to the quality of the gap, it is optimally or sufficiently precisely positioned that it moves the model 30 from the joining position and welded in a next step, the positioning elements 25 the joining position corresponding to the structural part 13 , The joining position is the position of the model 30 relative to the structural part 13 and the tailgate 13c in which the quality of the gap is optimal or of at least sufficient quality. After measuring and evaluating the robot, the coordinates of the model and the structural part 13 known in the joining position. On the basis of these known coordinates, he positions the positioning elements 25 relative to the structural part 13 and weld her tight. In a variation of this approach, the model, as in 11 indicated for each at the structural part 13 to be fastened positioning 25 with a fitting hole at a desired position of the model 30 be provided. In such a modification, the positioning elements 25 with the model still in the joining position 30 through the pass holes 34 to the structural part 13 attached and welded. Although welding is preferred, other methods of bonding by fabric bonding should not be excluded, such as gluing. In another variation is the model 30 as well as in 11 indicated with contact surfaces 33 provided to the positioning surfaces 5a or 14a the adjustable positioning elements 4 or 14 are simulated, but in an optimal with respect to the clamping direction X target position on the model 30 , The robot 37 can the model 30 in the area of contact surfaces 33 against corresponding mating surfaces of the structural part 13 to press. Preferably, the robot stops 37 the model 30 however, contactless relative to the structural part 13 and the tailgate 13c in the room until the joining position is found. Molded plant surfaces 33 or pass holes 34 are not required in such embodiments.

12 shows a schematic representation of a data coupling of the measuring and Manipulierstationen 26 and 36 via a common management level. For a tolerance-optimized final assembly of the taillights, the measured data obtained, preferably also correction data, are fed to the respective other station, by radio or via fixed data lines. If, for example, it is determined on the basis of the data by means of statistical evaluation that a trend has established with respect to a deviation from an ideal geometry of the vehicle bodies, an optimal correction strategy is determined by means of a computer. By way of example, it is assumed that the position of the supports of the vehicle body measured in the X direction for the positioning elements 4 or 14 have changed. Due to the use of models 30 with always the same geometry, as far as this is relevant for the measurement, the cause of the deviation can be identified and in the attached parts, namely in the adjustment of the positioning elements 4 or 14 , be taken into account. Deviations on the side of the vehicle bodies can thus be compensated at least in part for the attachments. The statistical evaluation of the measured data provides for compensation the default values of the measuring and manipulation station 26 be supplied. In the exemplary embodiment, the data adjustment is performed via the control level, which has access to the stored measurement data in order to manage it and to evaluate it statistically for modifications in the sense of a tolerance-optimized final assembly.

Claims (40)

Method for increasing the accuracy of fit with a positioning device ( 2 - 8th ; 14 - 18 b) an actual position (A, B), which is a first reference point (P) of the vehicle attachment in the measurement coordinate system assumes, measures and c) from the measurement in a target-actual comparison, a positional deviation is determined, which has the first reference point (P) in a first coordinate direction (X) to its desired position, d) and in which the positioning device ( 2 - 8th ; 14 - 18 ) is corrected before mounting the attachment to reduce the positional deviation. A method according to claim 1, characterized in that the attachment by means of the positioning ( 2 - 8th ; 14 - 18 ) in the measurement coordinates system (X, Y, Z) is positioned. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the positioning device ( 2 - 8th ; 14 - 18 ) a positioning element ( 4 ; 14 ), which in an adjustment engagement with a support structure ( 2 ; 18 ) of the attachment relative to the support structure ( 2 ; 18 ) in the first coordinate direction (X). Method according to the preceding claim, characterized in that the adjusting engagement is threaded engagement with a thread axis pointing in the first coordinate direction (X) (X) is. Method according to one of the two preceding claims, characterized in that the attachment with the already in Verstellingriff positioning element ( 4 ; 14 ) is positioned in the measurement coordinate system (X, Y, Z) so that the positioning element ( 4 ; 14 ) determines the actual position of the attachment with. Method according to one of the three preceding claims, characterized in that the positioning device ( 2 - 8th ; 14 - 18 ) at least three, not arranged on a straight line positioning elements ( 4 ; 14 ), which are each set in the Verstellingriff. Method according to the preceding claim, characterized in that by means of the positioning elements ( 4 ; 14 ), an inclination of the attachment with respect to a second coordinate direction (Y) and an inclination with respect to a third coordinate direction (Z) that are perpendicular to each other and to the first coordinate direction (X) are corrected. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that an actual position, which assumes a second reference point of the vehicle attachment, measured and determined from the measurement in a target-actual comparison, a positional deviation, the second reference point in a second coordinate direction ( Y) to its desired position, and that the positioning device ( 2 - 8th ; 14 - 18 ) is corrected to reduce the positional deviation of the second reference point before mounting the attachment. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the actual position of the first reference point (P) or a third reference point measured and determined from the measurement in a target-actual comparison, a position deviation, the first reference point (P) or the third Reference point in a third coordinate direction (Z) to its desired position, and that the positioning device ( 2 - 8th ; 14 - 18 ) is corrected to reduce the positional deviation of the first reference point (P) or the third reference point with respect to the third coordinate direction (Z) before mounting the attachment. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the positioning device ( 2 - 8th ) a positioning element ( 8th ), whose shape is changed to reduce the positional deviation, preferably by machining. Method according to the preceding claim in combination with at least one of claims 6 and 7, characterized in that the shape of the positioning element ( 8th ) is changed to reduce the positional deviation in a plurality of coordinate directions (Y, Z), preferably each chipping. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized characterized in that as a further positioning element on the Attachment a hole or a depression is formed, preferably by machining. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the attachment after the correction of the positioning device ( 2 - 8th ; 14 - 18 ) in a reference receptacle for the positioning device ( 2 - 8th ; 14 - 18 ) and measured again. Method according to the preceding claim, characterized characterized in that one determined by re-measurement Residual deviation to improve the procedure for corrections of later vehicle add-on parts is used. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the positioning device ( 2 - 8th ; 14 - 18 ) corrected with respect to the first coordinate direction (X), the attachment with the corrected positioning ( 2 - 8th ; 14 - 18 ) is positioned in a measuring and manipulating station, the positioning device ( 2 - 8th ; 14 - 18 ) with respect to at least one other coordinate direction (Y; Z) and from this measurement the positional deviation with respect to the at least one other coordinate direction (Y; Z) is determined and corrected in the measuring and manipulating station. Method according to the preceding claim, characterized in that the attachment in the measuring and manipulating station is measured with respect to a second coordinate direction (Y) and a third coordinate direction (Z) and the positioning device ( 2 - 8th ; 14 - 18 ) is corrected with respect to these coordinate directions (Y, Z). Method according to one of claims 1 to 14, characterized in that a contour-true model ( 30 ) of the attachment and a vehicle structural part ( 13 ) positioned to each other in a joining position, the model ( 30 ) and the structural part ( 13 ) measured in the joining position relative to each other to fit accuracy and on the structural part ( 13 ) at least one positioning element ( 20 ; 25 ) for accurately fitting the attachment and the structural part ( 13 ) is generated or fixed depending on the measurement. Method according to the preceding claim, characterized in that from the measurement on the model ( 30 ) and the structural part ( 13 ) measured data are evaluated and the positioning device ( 2 - 8th ; 14 - 18 ) of the attachment is corrected as a function of the evaluation. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized characterized in that it is carried out on vehicle lights. Vehicle attachment, preferably lamp, the non-mounted attachment comprising: a) a functional structure ( 1 ), b) a support structure ( 2 ; 18 ), which are in a fixed connection with the functional structure ( 1 ), c) and a first positioning element ( 4 ; 14 ) for positioning the attachment on or in a vehicle, d) wherein the first positioning element ( 4 ; 14 ) with the support structure ( 2 ; 18 ) is screwed and secured in a setting position. Vehicle attachment according to the preceding claim, characterized in that the first positioning element ( 4 ; 14 ) with a joint element ( 3 ; 15 ) of the support structure ( 2 ; 18 ) is screwed in the setting position and the positioning element ( 4 ; 14 ) or the support structure hinge element ( 3 ; 15 ) a free fastening means ( 7 ; 17 ), preferably a thread, for attachment of the attachment to or in the vehicle. Vehicle attachment according to the preceding claim, characterized in that the first positioning element ( 4 ; 14 ) and / or the support structure hinge element ( 3 ; 15 ) is elongated cylindrical and the free attachment means ( 7 ). Vehicle attachment according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the first positioning element ( 4 ; 14 ) with a positioning surface ( 5a ; 14a ), which in a mounting of the attachment to a structural part ( 13 ) of a vehicle, this structural part ( 13 ) in the direction of a screw axis of the first positioning element ( 4 ; 14 ) contacted. Vehicle attachment according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that at least three first positioning elements ( 4 ; 14 ) are provided, by means of which the attachment is fixed or fixed at an installation location of inherent Verbiegungen or twists apart with respect to the three translational degrees of freedom and the three rotational degrees of freedom. Vehicle attachment according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the positioning device ( 2 - 8th ; 14 - 18 ) at least one second positioning element ( 8th ), by means of which the attachment during assembly on a structural part ( 13 ) of a vehicle with respect to a rotation about a screw axis of the first or the first positioning elements ( 4 ; 14 ) is fixed or fixed. Vehicle attachment according to the preceding claim, characterized in that a hole or pin the at least one second positioning element ( 8th ). Vehicle attachment according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the positioning device ( 2 - 8th ; 14 - 18 ) at least one second positioning element ( 8th ), the shape of which, after a primary shaping, improves the fit accuracy or which was created for the first time or whose position was adjusted by joining, preferably transversely to the direction (X) in which the first positioning element (FIG. 4 ; 14 ) with the support structure ( 2 ; 18 ) is screwed. Vehicle attachment according to the preceding claim, characterized in that the positioning device ( 2 - 8th ; 14 - 18 ) at least two second positioning elements ( 8th ), by means of which the attachment during assembly on a structural part ( 13 ) of a vehicle with respect to a rotation about a screw axis of the first or the first positioning elements ( 4 ; 14 ) is fixed or fixed. Vehicle attachment according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the support structure ( 2 ; 18 ) is molded from plastic. Vehicle attachment according to one of the preceding claims in combination with claim 25, characterized in that the attachment by means of the at least one first positioning element ( 4 ; 14 ) on a vehicle structural part ( 13 ) and fixed with respect to a clamping direction (X), on the structural part ( 13 ) by means of material connection or pressing compound, a third positioning element ( 20 ; 25 ) in the form of a positioner socket ( 20 ) or a posi tapping pin or pin ( 25 ) and that the at least one second positioning element ( 8th ) in a positive engagement with the third positioning element ( 20 ; 25 ) the attachment to the structural part ( 13 ) with respect to at least one direction transverse to the tightening direction (X). Joint assembly of a vehicle structural part ( 13 ) and a vehicle attachment, which in a clamping direction (X) against the structural part ( 13 ) pressing on the structural part ( 13 ) and in a positive engagement with a positioning element ( 20 ) of the structural part ( 13 ) in a direction transverse to the clamping direction (X) on the structural part ( 13 ), wherein the positioning element ( 20 ) by means of pressing compound transversely to the clamping direction (X) relative to the structural part ( 13 ) and with the structural part ( 13 ) and wherein a flange ( 21 ) of the positioning element ( 20 ) and a flange ( 13a ) of the structural part ( 13 ), which are in the press assembly with each other, beyond a fitting tolerance to each other an excess (a) to the position of the positioning ( 20 ) when manufacturing the press compound. Add composite according to the preceding claim, characterized in that the Pressing compound is formed in the manner of a riveted joint. Joint assembly according to one of the two preceding claims, characterized in that the structural part ( 13 ) has an opening and the flange ( 13a ) of the structural part ( 13 ) surrounds the opening and that an injection bushing the flange ( 21 ) of the positioning element ( 20 ) and a counterflange ( 22 ), between which the flange ( 13a ) of the structural part ( 13 ) is pressed. Measuring and manipulating device for post-processing of a vehicle attachment, which is equipped with a positioning device ( 2 - 8th ; 14 - 18 ) for the positioning of the attachment on or in a vehicle, the device comprising: a) at least two measuring and manipulating stations each for the positioning of the attachment, the position measurement of reference points (P) of the attachment and the correction of positioning elements ( 4 . 8th ; 14 . 8th ) of the positioning device ( 2 - 8th ; 14 - 18 ) on the basis of positional deviations of the reference points (P) determined by the measurement, b) a transfer device, by means of which in a first of the measuring and manipulating stations with respect to the positioning device ( 2 - 8th ; 14 - 18 c) and one central evaluation device or one evaluation device per measuring and manipulating station for determining the position deviations from predetermined desired positions of the reference points (P). Measuring and manipulating device according to the preceding claim, characterized in that the measuring and manipulating stations each have a reference structure ( 10 ) for the positioning of the attachment, sensors ( 11 . 12 ) for the measurement and at least one manipulating device, by means of which the positioning device ( 2 - 8th ; 14 - 18 ) is correctable for reducing at least one positional deviation determined on the basis of the measurement. Measuring and manipulating device according to one of the preceding Claims, characterized in that one of the measuring and Manipulierstationen a screwdriver and the other a numerically controlled Tool includes to the position deviations by means of screw adjustment and shape-changing, preferably to correct machining. Measuring and manipulating device for the positionally accurate mounting of a vehicle attachment to a vehicle structural part ( 13 ), the device comprising: a) a measuring and manipulating station ( 26 ) for the positioning of the attachment, the position measurement of reference points (P) of the attachment and the correction of positioning elements ( 4 . 8th ; 14 . 8th ) a positioning device ( 2 - 8th ; 14 - 18 ) of the attachment on the basis of determined by the measurement positional deviations of the reference points (P), b) another measuring and Manipulierstation ( 36 ) with a contoured model ( 30 ) of the attachment, a positioning device ( 37 ), by means of which the model ( 30 ) in a joining position on the structural part ( 13 ) is positionable, with a measuring device for measuring the accuracy of fit of the model ( 30 ) and with a connection device ( 37 ) for a position-optimized fixing of a positioning element as a function of the measurement ( 20 ; 25 ) on the structural part ( 13 ) c) and a central evaluation device or one evaluation device per measuring and manipulating station for the determination of the positional deviations of the reference points (P) of predetermined desired positions. Measuring and manipulating device according to one of the preceding Claims, characterized in that the device is a measuring and Manipulierstationen downstream, third measuring station with a reference recording for the corrected attachment includes and that another transfer device is intended for the removal of the corrected attachment from the measuring and manipulation station and the positioning of the attachment in or on the reference receptacle the third measuring station. Measuring and manipulating device according to the preceding claim, characterized in that between the third measuring station and the or the evaluation devices of the measurement and manipulation stations consist of wireless or line-bound data communication, and that data obtained in the third measurement station based on a measurement of the reference points (P) are transmitted via data communication to the evaluation device (s) of the measurement and manipulation stations, to readjust the corrections to be made by the measuring and manipulating stations on later attachments or structural parts, preferably by changing the predetermined desired positions as a function of the transmitted data. Measuring and manipulating device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a further, fourth measuring station is provided, by means of which the actual positions of the reference points (P) after an assembly of the attachment to a structural part ( 13 ) of a vehicle with respect to the structural part ( 13 ) of the vehicle can be determined, and that there is wireless or line-bound data communication between the fourth measuring station and the evaluation device of the measuring and manipulating stations, via which the data obtained from the measurement of the mounted attachment are fed back to the evaluation device (s) of the measuring and manipulating stations in order to readjust the corrections to be made by the measuring and manipulating stations on later attachments on the basis of the returned data, preferably by changing the desired positions predetermined for the reference points (P).