DE102005046675A1 - Filter element useful for micro-, ultra- or nanofiltration of liquids or gases comprises filter membrane deposited on drainage element - Google Patents
Filter element useful for micro-, ultra- or nanofiltration of liquids or gases comprises filter membrane deposited on drainage element Download PDFInfo
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- DE102005046675A1 DE102005046675A1 DE102005046675A DE102005046675A DE102005046675A1 DE 102005046675 A1 DE102005046675 A1 DE 102005046675A1 DE 102005046675 A DE102005046675 A DE 102005046675A DE 102005046675 A DE102005046675 A DE 102005046675A DE 102005046675 A1 DE102005046675 A1 DE 102005046675A1
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- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 80
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 title description 7
- 238000000108 ultra-filtration Methods 0.000 title description 5
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 title description 4
- 238000001471 micro-filtration Methods 0.000 title description 4
- 238000001728 nano-filtration Methods 0.000 title description 4
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- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 7
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- NLHHRLWOUZZQLW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acrylonitrile Chemical compound C=CC#N NLHHRLWOUZZQLW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
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- FJWGYAHXMCUOOM-QHOUIDNNSA-N [(2s,3r,4s,5r,6r)-2-[(2r,3r,4s,5r,6s)-4,5-dinitrooxy-2-(nitrooxymethyl)-6-[(2r,3r,4s,5r,6s)-4,5,6-trinitrooxy-2-(nitrooxymethyl)oxan-3-yl]oxyoxan-3-yl]oxy-3,5-dinitrooxy-6-(nitrooxymethyl)oxan-4-yl] nitrate Chemical compound O([C@@H]1O[C@@H]([C@H]([C@H](O[N+]([O-])=O)[C@H]1O[N+]([O-])=O)O[C@H]1[C@@H]([C@@H](O[N+]([O-])=O)[C@H](O[N+]([O-])=O)[C@@H](CO[N+]([O-])=O)O1)O[N+]([O-])=O)CO[N+](=O)[O-])[C@@H]1[C@@H](CO[N+]([O-])=O)O[C@@H](O[N+]([O-])=O)[C@H](O[N+]([O-])=O)[C@H]1O[N+]([O-])=O FJWGYAHXMCUOOM-QHOUIDNNSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
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- 239000004417 polycarbonate Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920000515 polycarbonate Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920000728 polyester Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
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- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- 238000010612 desalination reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 239000000706 filtrate Substances 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
- D04B—KNITTING
- D04B21/00—Warp knitting processes for the production of fabrics or articles not dependent on the use of particular machines; Fabrics or articles defined by such processes
- D04B21/14—Fabrics characterised by the incorporation by knitting, in one or more thread, fleece, or fabric layers, of reinforcing, binding, or decorative threads; Fabrics incorporating small auxiliary elements, e.g. for decorative purposes
- D04B21/16—Fabrics characterised by the incorporation by knitting, in one or more thread, fleece, or fabric layers, of reinforcing, binding, or decorative threads; Fabrics incorporating small auxiliary elements, e.g. for decorative purposes incorporating synthetic threads
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D63/00—Apparatus in general for separation processes using semi-permeable membranes
- B01D63/08—Flat membrane modules
- B01D63/081—Manufacturing thereof
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D63/00—Apparatus in general for separation processes using semi-permeable membranes
- B01D63/08—Flat membrane modules
- B01D63/089—Modules where the membrane is in the form of a bag, membrane cushion or pad
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D69/00—Semi-permeable membranes for separation processes or apparatus characterised by their form, structure or properties; Manufacturing processes specially adapted therefor
- B01D69/10—Supported membranes; Membrane supports
- B01D69/107—Organic support material
- B01D69/1071—Woven, non-woven or net mesh
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/44—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by dialysis, osmosis or reverse osmosis
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2325/00—Details relating to properties of membranes
- B01D2325/40—Fibre reinforced membranes
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/44—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by dialysis, osmosis or reverse osmosis
- C02F1/442—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by dialysis, osmosis or reverse osmosis by nanofiltration
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/44—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by dialysis, osmosis or reverse osmosis
- C02F1/444—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by dialysis, osmosis or reverse osmosis by ultrafiltration or microfiltration
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D10—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
- D10B—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
- D10B2403/00—Details of fabric structure established in the fabric forming process
- D10B2403/01—Surface features
- D10B2403/012—Alike front and back faces
- D10B2403/0122—Smooth surfaces, e.g. laminated or coated
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D10—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
- D10B—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
- D10B2403/00—Details of fabric structure established in the fabric forming process
- D10B2403/02—Cross-sectional features
- D10B2403/021—Lofty fabric with equidistantly spaced front and back plies, e.g. spacer fabrics
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D10—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
- D10B—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
- D10B2505/00—Industrial
- D10B2505/04—Filters
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Textile Engineering (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Hydrology & Water Resources (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Separation Using Semi-Permeable Membranes (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Die Erfindung betrifft ein Filterelement für die Mikro-, Ultra- und Nanofiltration von Flüssigkeiten und Gasen.The The invention relates to a filter element for micro, ultra and nanofiltration of liquids and Gases.
Herkömmliche Filtersysteme, die z. B. zur Abwasserreinigung eingesetzt werden, beinhalten Filtrationsmodule mit einem oben und unten offenen rohr- oder kastenförmigen Gehäuse, in dem mehrere flache Filterelemente parallel zueinander angeordnet sind. Die Zwischenräume zwischen den Filterelementen bilden Durchgänge, die durchströmbar sind. Die Filterelemente sind als Taschen oder Kassetten gestaltet, bei denen ein flexibles oder starres Drainageelement beidseitig von einem mit einer Filtermembran beschichteten Trägervlies – im folgenden als Membranvlies bezeichnet – umgeben ist. Jedes Filterelement besitzt mittig oder randseitig angeordnete Abflussöffnungen, über die es an ein Rohrsystem zur Absaugung des durch die Filtermembran hindurchtretenden Permeates angeschlossen ist. Das Drainageelement dient als Abstandshalter und formgebende Stütze für die Membranvliese sowie zur Ableitung des Permeates zu den Abflussöffnungen und zur Absaugung. Der Strömungswiderstand des Drainageelementes beeinflußt die Druckverteilung im Inneren des Filterelementes und damit gekoppelt die Filtereffizienz.conventional Filter systems z. B. be used for wastewater treatment, include filtration modules with a top and bottom open tube or box-shaped Casing, in which a plurality of flat filter elements are arranged parallel to each other. The gaps between the filter elements form passages, which can be flowed through. The Filter elements are designed as pockets or cassettes in which a flexible or rigid drainage element on both sides of a with a filter membrane coated carrier fleece - in the following as a membrane fleece designated - surrounded is. Each filter element has centrally or peripherally arranged drainage holes, over the it to a pipe system for suction of passing through the filter membrane Permeates is connected. The drainage element serves as a spacer and shaping support for the Membrane fleece and for the discharge of the permeate to the drainage holes and for suction. The flow resistance of the drainage element influenced the pressure distribution in the interior of the filter element and coupled with it the filter efficiency.
Die üblicherweise verwendeten Filtermembranen bestehen aus einem auf einem Trägervlies abgeschiedenen mikroporösen Polymerfilm mit asymmetrischer Porengrößenverteilung. Die Oberseite einer solchen asymmetrischen Filtermembran ist als dünne, feinporöse, 0,2 bis 2 μm dicke Trennschicht ausgebildet, in der die eigentliche Filtration erfolgt. Diese Trennschicht wird von einer beispielsweise etwa 50 bis etwa 200 μm dicken Stützschicht getragen, welche nach unten hin zunehmend grobporiger aufgebaut ist.The usual used filter membranes consist of a on a carrier fleece deposited microporous Polymer film with asymmetric pore size distribution. The top Such an asymmetric filter membrane is a thin, finely porous, 0.2 up to 2 μm thick separation layer formed in the actual filtration he follows. This separation layer is of an example about 50th to about 200 microns thick supporting layer worn, which built increasingly coarse-pored down is.
Asymmetrische Filtermembranen werden vornehmlich nach einem von Loeb und Sourirajan entwickelten, als Phaseninversion bezeichneten Verfahren hergestellt. Dabei wird ein Polymer in einem Lösungsmittel gelöst, als Film auf einem porösen Träger ausgebreitet und mit einem Nichtlösungsmittel, dem sogenannten Fällmittel, zu einer Phaseninversionsmembran gefällt. Als Träger dient in der Regel ein dünnes Vlies aus synthetischer Faser. Das Fällmittel ist mit dem Polymerlösungsmittel unbegrenzt mischbar. Daher wird das Lösungsmittel durch das Fällmittel immer mehr verdünnt, bis das Polymer als Filtermembran ausfällt.asymmetric Filter membranes are primarily developed by one of Loeb and Sourirajan, prepared as phase inversion processes. It will a polymer in a solvent solved, spread as a film on a porous carrier and with a non-solvent, the so-called precipitant, precipitated to a phase inversion membrane. As a carrier usually serves a thin Nonwoven made of synthetic fiber. The precipitant is with the polymer solvent unlimited miscible. Therefore, the solvent is by the precipitant diluted more and more, until the polymer precipitates as a filter membrane.
Nach diesem Verfahren können aus verschiedenen löslichen Polymeren asymmetrisch strukturierte Filtermembranen hergestellt werden. Beispiele für geeignete Polymere sind Celluloseacetate, Polyamide, Polyacrylnitrile, Polyolefine, Polysulfone und Polyetherketone. Je nach eingesetztem Fällmittel bildet sich eine bestimmte Struktur der Filtermembran aus. Fällmittel, die sich mit hoher Mischungswärme im Polymerlösungsmittel lösen, führen zur Ausformung einer fingerstrukturierten Filtermembran. Fällmittel mit geringer Mischungswärme führen hingegen zu schwammartig strukturierten Filtermembranen. Durch die Wahl des Fällmittels bzw. auch des Lösungsmittels ist also die Struktur einer Filtermembran einstellbar.To this method can from different soluble ones Polymer asymmetric structured filter membranes produced become. examples for suitable polymers are cellulose acetates, polyamides, polyacrylonitriles, Polyolefins, polysulfones and polyether ketones. Depending on the precipitant used a certain structure of the filter membrane is formed. precipitant, with high heat of mixing in the polymer solvent to solve, to lead for shaping a finger-structured filter membrane. precipitant with low mixing heat, however, lead to sponge-like structured filter membranes. By choosing the precipitant or the solvent So is the structure of a filter membrane adjustable.
Der Trennmechanismus dieser Filtermembranen beruht u.a. auf dem Ausschluß aller Partikel und Makromoleküle, die größere Durchmesser bzw. Moleküldurchmesser haben als die Porendurchmesser der Membranoberseite. Makromoleküle mit deutlich kleineren Moleküldurchmessern können prinzipiell die Filtermembran permeieren. Diese molekulare Trenngrenze oder Ausschlußgrenze wird so definiert, daß 90% eines Testmoleküls bekannter Molekülgröße von der Filtermembran zurückgehalten wird. Durch entsprechende Wahl der verwendeten Polymere und der Bedingungen der Membranherstellung kann eine bestimmte molekulare Trenngrenze hergestellt werden.Of the Separation mechanism of these filter membranes is u.a. on the exclusion of all Particles and macromolecules, the larger diameter or molecular diameter have as the pore diameter of the membrane top. Macromolecules with significantly smaller molecular diameters can in principle permeat the filter membrane. This molecular cut-off or exclusion limit is defined as 90% a test molecule known molecular size of the Filter membrane retained becomes. By appropriate choice of the polymers used and the Conditions of membrane production can be a certain molecular Separation limit are produced.
WO 03/037489 A1 beschreibt ein Filtrationsmodul zur Reinigung von Abwasser mit mehreren, mindestens eine Öffnung zur Entwässerung ihres Innenraums aufweisenden Filtermembrantaschen, die vertikal, parallel und vorzugsweise in gleichem Abstand zueinander in einem starren Halter so angeordnet sind, daß die zwischen benachbarten Filtermembrantaschen liegenden Zwischenräume intensiv von einer Flüssigkeit durchströmbar sind.WO 03/037489 A1 describes a filtration module for the purification of wastewater with a plurality of at least one opening for dewatering its interior having filter membrane pockets vertically, parallel and preferably equidistant from each other in a rigid holder are arranged so that the between adjacent Filtermem Brantaschen lying spaces are intensively flowed through by a liquid.
Die bekannten Filterelemente sind als flexible Taschen oder starre Kassetten mit mehrschichtigem Aufbau ausgebildet. Üblicherweise beinhalten diese Filterelemente 5 bis 7 oder auch mehr Schichten in einer symmetrischen Anordnung der Gestalt: Filtermembran-Trägervlies-Haftschicht-Drainageelement-Haftschicht-Trägervlies-Filtermembran.The known filter elements are as flexible bags or rigid cassettes formed with multilayer structure. Usually these include Filter elements 5 to 7 or more layers in a symmetrical Shape of Form: Filter Membrane Carrier Nonwoven Adhesive Layer Drainage Element Adhesive Layer Support Nonwoven Filter Membrane.
Bei dem bestimmungsgemäßen Einsatz eines Filterelementes werden Partikel oder Makromoleküle, deren Durchmesser zu groß ist, um die Membranporen zu passieren, auf der Membranoberfläche zurückgehalten und bleiben teilweise haften. Durch Akkumulation solcher Partikel über längere Zeiträume baut sich Filterkuchen auf, der die Membranoberflächen zunehmend verstopft und die Filterleistung reduziert. Im Rahmen der Anlagenwartung werden die Membranoberflächen regelmäßig mechanisch gereinigt und von Filterkuchen befreit, z.B. mittels Bürsten, Wasserstrahl und bevorzugt mittels Rückspülung. Bei der Rückspülung wird im Gegensatz zum norma len Filterbetrieb für kurze Zeit abflußseitig ein Überdruck angelegt, wodurch Filtrat aus dem Inneren des Filterelementes durch die Filtermembran nach außen strömt und dabei Partikel aus teils oder gänzlich verstopften Membranporen schwemmt. Allerdings birgt die Rückspülung die Gefahr, das Membranvlies zu überdehnen und Risse in der zugempfindlichen Filtermembran zu verursachen. Zudem können die Filtermembranen benachbarter Filterelemente gegeneinander gepreßt werden und dabei den Rückfluß und die Ablösung des Filterkuchens blockieren. Um derartige Probleme zu vermeiden, wird bei einigen der bekannten Filterelemente das Membranvlies flächig haftend mit dem Drainageelement verbunden.at the intended use of a filter element become particles or macromolecules whose Diameter is too big, to pass the membrane pores, retained on the membrane surface and stick partially. Builds by accumulation of such particles over long periods of time filter cake, which increasingly clogged the membrane surfaces and reduces the filter performance. As part of the plant maintenance, the membrane surfaces regularly cleaned mechanically and freed from filter cake, e.g. using brushes, water jet and preferred by means of backwashing. at the backwashing is in contrast to normal filter operation for a short time on the discharge side, an overpressure created, whereby filtrate from the inside of the filter element by the filter membrane to the outside flows and thereby particles of partially or completely clogged membrane pores flooded. However, the backwash harbors the Danger of overstretching the membrane fleece and causing cracks in the sensible filter membrane. In addition, you can the filter membranes of adjacent filter elements are pressed against each other and thereby the reflux and the replacement of the filter cake. To avoid such problems, In some of the known filter elements, the membrane fleece adheres to the surface connected to the drainage element.
Die Wachstumsrate von Filterkuchen ist direkt proportional zum transmembranen Volumenstrom und damit zum transmembranen Differentialdruck. Hinsichtlich des Flüssigkeitsdruckes weisen die bekannten Filtersysteme die Bereiche Filtervorlauf, Filterelement-Innenraum und Absaugung auf. Im Betrieb wird zwischen Filtervorlauf (Pv) und Absaugung (Pa) mittels abflußseitiger Saug- oder vorlaufseitiger Druckpumpen eine geringe Druckdifferenz (Pv – Pa > 0) angelegt, so daß ein Teil der zu filternden Flüssigkeit vom Filtervorlauf durch die Filtermembran zur Absaugung strömt. Unter normalen Betriebsbedingungen sind Strömungsgeschwindigkeit und Druckabfall in Filtervorlauf und Absaugung gering, so daß im wesentlichen die konstanten Drücke Pv und Pa auf die Filterelemente und die Abflußöffnungen wirken. Dies gilt nicht für den Filterelement-Innenraum (Pi), in dem das Permeat schnell strömt und zudem die Strömungsgeschwindigkeit zu jeder Abflußöffnung hin zunimmt. Gemäß der Bernoulli-Gleichung wirkt im Filterelement-Innenraum ein ortsabhängiger statischer Druck Pi, wobei Pi zwischen Pa und Pv liegt (Pa ≤ Pi ≤ Pv) und zu jeder Abflußöffnung hin abfällt. Das durch die Filtermembran pro Zeit- und Flächeneinheit strömende Flüssigkeitsvolumen ist proportional zum transmembranen Differentialdruck Pv – Pi. Daher baut sich Filterkuchen in Bereichen mit hohem transmembranem Differentialdruck d.h. nahe einer Abflußöffnung schneller auf als in abgelegenen Bereichen. So begünstigt z.B. die in WO 03/037489 A1 offenbarte Randabsaugung das Wachstum von Filterkuchen am Rand des Filterelementes und damit verbunden den verfrühten Abfall der Filterleistung. Dieses Problem wird im Stand der Technik vermieden, indem die Filter elemente mit mehreren gleichmäßig über die Fläche des Filterelementes verteilten Abflußöffnungen bzw. Absaugungen versehen werden.The Growth rate of filter cake is directly proportional to the transmembrane Volume flow and thus the transmembrane differential pressure. Regarding the fluid pressure the known filter systems have the areas filter flow, filter element interior and suction on. In operation, the filter flow (Pv) and Suction (Pa) by means of discharge side Suction or supply-side pressure pumps a small pressure difference (Pv - Pa> 0), so that a part the liquid to be filtered flows from the filter flow through the filter membrane to the suction. Under normal operating conditions are flow velocity and pressure drop in filter flow and suction low, so that essentially the constant Press Pv and Pa act on the filter elements and the drainage holes. this applies not for the filter element interior (Pi), in which the permeate flows quickly and also the flow velocity to every drain opening increases. According to the Bernoulli equation acts in the filter element interior a location-dependent static pressure Pi, where Pi is between Pa and Pv (Pa ≦ Pi ≦ Pv) and toward each discharge port drops. The volume of liquid flowing through the filter membrane per unit time and area is proportional to the transmembrane differential pressure Pv - Pi. Therefore Filter cake builds up in areas of high transmembrane differential pressure i.e. near a drain opening faster on than in remote areas. Thus, e.g. in WO 03/037489 A1 edge suction revealed the growth of filter cake on the edge the filter element and associated with the premature waste the Filter performance. This problem is avoided in the prior art, in that the filter elements with several evenly distributed over the surface of the filter element drain openings or suction are provided.
Die Herstellung der bekannten Filterelemente umfaßt im wesentlichen folgende Schritte:
- – Kontinuierliche Membranabscheidung auf einer Vliesbahn mittels Phaseninversion
- – Konfektionieren der beschichteten Vliesbahn in separate Membranvliese
- – Beidseitiges Aufkleben, Laminieren oder mechanisches Fixieren der konfektionierten Membranvliese auf Drainageelementen
- – Flüssigkeitsdichtes Versiegeln des Randes von Membranvlies und Drainageelement mittels thermisch oder mit Ultraschall erzeugter Schweißnaht, oder mittels Klebe-, Faden- oder Fügenaht
- – Anbringen von Abflußöffnungen.
- Continuous membrane deposition on a nonwoven web by means of phase inversion
- - Assembly of the coated nonwoven web into separate membrane nonwovens
- - Double-sided sticking, laminating or mechanical fixing of the assembled membrane nonwovens on drainage elements
- - Liquid-tight sealing of the edge of the membrane fleece and drainage element by means of thermally or ultrasonically generated weld, or by means of adhesive, thread or joint seam
- - Attaching drainage holes.
Hierbei werden die Membranvliese in der Regel manuell konfektioniert und auf die Drainageelemente aufgeklebt, laminiert oder montiert, wobei schon geringe mechanische Spannungen oder kleine Handhabungsfehler die empfindlichen Membranvliese beschädigen können. Zudem können verborgene Defekte, wie z.B. schwache Klebestellen im Betrieb zur vorzeitigen Zerstörung des Filterelementes durch Rückspülung führen. Der mit den manuellen Fertigungsschritten verbundene Aufwand und Fehlerausschuß trägt in erheblichem Maße zu den Herstellungskosten der Filterelemente bei.in this connection the membrane fleeces are usually made up manually and glued to the drainage elements, laminated or mounted, already low mechanical stresses or small handling errors the sensitive membrane nonwovens can damage. In addition, hidden defects, such as. weak splices in operation for premature destruction of the Filter element through backwash lead. Of the associated with the manual manufacturing steps effort and error committee contributes significantly Dimensions too the manufacturing cost of the filter elements.
Für viele Anwendungen ist es erforderlich, Filterelemente möglichst raumsparend zu dimensionieren und/oder ihren externen Strömungswiderstand zu minimieren. Hierfür ist es notwendig, die Filterelemente möglichst dünn auszubilden ohne zugleich ihren internen Strömungswiderstand merklich zu erhöhen. Bei den bekannten Filterelementen sind die Möglichkeiten zur Dickenreduzierung aufgrund ihres mehrschichtigen komplexen Aufbaus jedoch stark eingeschränkt.For many Applications it is necessary to filter elements as possible to save space and / or their external flow resistance to minimize. Therefor It is necessary to make the filter elements as thin as possible without their internal flow resistance noticeably increase. In the known filter elements are the possibilities for reducing the thickness However, due to their multi-layered complex structure greatly limited.
Die Aufgabe der vorliegenden Erfindung besteht darin, ein kostengünstiges, effizientes, dünnes und zugleich robustes Filterelement für die Mikro-, Ultra- und Nanofiltration von Flüssigkeiten bereitzustellen.The The object of the present invention is to provide a cost-effective, efficient, thin and at the same time a robust filter element for micro, ultra and nanofiltration of liquids provide.
Diese Aufgabe wird erfindungsgemäß durch ein Filterelement bestehend aus einem Drainageelement und einer auf dem Drainageelement abgeschiedenen Filtermembran gelöst. In einer bevorzugten Ausgestaltung der Erfindung ist das Drainageelement ein Flächengebilde, dessen beide Oberflächen eine Filtermembran aufweisen. Weitere Ausführungsformen und Gestaltungsmerkmale der Erfindung sind in den Ansprüchen 4 bis 20 beschrieben.These The object is achieved by a Filter element consisting of a drainage element and an on dissolved the drainage element deposited filter membrane. In a preferred embodiment of the invention is the drainage element a fabric, whose two surfaces one Have filter membrane. Other embodiments and design features The invention are in the claims 4 to 20 described.
Eine weitere Aufgabe der Erfindung ist es, ein Verfahren für die kostengünstige Herstellung von Filterelementen bereitzustellen.A Another object of the invention is a process for cost-effective production of filter elements.
Diese Aufgabe wird gelöst, indem eine Filtermembran aus einem Polymeren mittels Membran bildender Verfahren auf einer oder beiden Seiten eines Drainageelements abgeschieden wird. In einer Fortbildung des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens ist das Drainageelement ein bewegtes flexibles Bahnmaterial, auf dem die Filtermembran kontinuierlich auf beiden Seiten gleichzeitig oder sequentiell auf der ersten Seite und nachfolgend auf der zweiten Seite abgeschieden wird. Eine besondere Ausführungsform des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens mit näheren Angaben zu den Verfahrensschritten ist dem Anspruch 24 zu entnehmen.These Task is solved by forming a filter membrane of a polymer by means of membrane Process deposited on one or both sides of a drainage element becomes. In a further development of the method according to the invention is the drainage element a moving flexible web material on which the filter membrane is continuous on both sides simultaneously or sequentially on the first page and subsequently deposited on the second side. A special Embodiment of the inventive method with closer Details of the method steps can be found in claim 24.
Die Erfindung wird im folgenden unter Bezugnahme auf die schematischen Zeichnungen 1 bis 4 und anhand von Ausführungsbeispielen näher beschrieben.The Invention will be described below with reference to the schematic Drawings 1 to 4 and described in more detail with reference to embodiments.
Es zeigen:It demonstrate:
Die
schematische Schnittansicht der
Die
Oberflächen
und der Innenraum des Drainageelementes
Insbesondere für die parallele Anordnung von Filterelementen in einem Filtermodul werden die Abflußöffnungen aus zwei einander gegenüberliegenden kongruenten und von Filtermaterial freien Teilflächen der beiden Oberflächen des Drainageelementes gebildet. Alternativ hierzu wird jede Abflußöffnung zur weiteren Minderung des Strömungswiderstandes als kreisrunder Durchgang durch das Filterelement ausgestaltet.Especially for the parallel arrangement of filter elements in a filter module the drainage holes from two opposite ones congruent and filter material-free partial surfaces of the two surfaces of the Draining element formed. Alternatively, each drain opening to further reduction of the flow resistance designed as a circular passage through the filter element.
Wie
in
Bevorzugt
besteht die Filtermembran
Das
Drainageelement
Wie
in
Als
Material für
das Abstandsgewirke eignen sich Kunststoffe – insbesondere Polyester, sowie
anorganische Materialien, wie z.B. Glasfasern oder Metalle. Die
Dicke der Maschenkonstruktionen
Besonders bevorzugt ist ein thermisch fixiertes Abstandsgewirke, bei dem sich die Polfäden bei mechanischer Zug- oder Druckspannung elastisch verformen und bei Entlastung ihren ursprünglichen sägezahn- oder spiralförmigen Verlauf wieder einnehmen.Especially preferred is a thermally fixed spacer knitted fabric in which the pile threads deform elastically under mechanical tensile or compressive stress and relieved of its original sawtooth or spiral Take course again.
Erfindungsgemäß werden die Filterelemente hergestellt, indem eine Filtermembran aus einem Polymeren mittels Membran bildender Verfahren direkt auf einer oder beiden Seiten eines Drainageelements abgeschieden wird. Bevorzugt wird die Filtermembran mittels Phaseninversion (Naßfällung) aus einer Polymerlösung, mittels thermischer Phaseninversion, mittels Phasengrenzflächen-Kondensation oder mittels Gießfilmtechnik abgeschieden.According to the invention The filter elements are made by a filter membrane from a Polymer by means of membrane forming process directly on one or is deposited on both sides of a drainage element. Prefers the filter membrane becomes by means of phase inversion (wet precipitation) a polymer solution, by thermal phase inversion, by interfacial condensation or by casting film technique deposited.
Claims (24)
Priority Applications (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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DE102005046675A DE102005046675A1 (en) | 2005-09-29 | 2005-09-29 | Filter element useful for micro-, ultra- or nanofiltration of liquids or gases comprises filter membrane deposited on drainage element |
PCT/EP2006/009262 WO2007036332A2 (en) | 2005-09-29 | 2006-09-23 | Single-piece filter element and a method for the production thereof |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE102005046675A DE102005046675A1 (en) | 2005-09-29 | 2005-09-29 | Filter element useful for micro-, ultra- or nanofiltration of liquids or gases comprises filter membrane deposited on drainage element |
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DE102005046675A1 true DE102005046675A1 (en) | 2007-04-05 |
Family
ID=37560968
Family Applications (1)
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DE102005046675A Withdrawn DE102005046675A1 (en) | 2005-09-29 | 2005-09-29 | Filter element useful for micro-, ultra- or nanofiltration of liquids or gases comprises filter membrane deposited on drainage element |
Country Status (2)
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DE (1) | DE102005046675A1 (en) |
WO (1) | WO2007036332A2 (en) |
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DE102008020291A1 (en) * | 2008-04-22 | 2009-11-05 | Follmann, Peter Michael, Dipl.-Ing. | Preparing module for water purification for electronic industry, boiler water purification, drinking water production from brackish water and sea water or sewage cleaning, involves providing housing |
WO2009135529A1 (en) * | 2008-05-07 | 2009-11-12 | Agfa-Gevaert | Membrane bags with seamless membrane substance, uses thereof, filtration units therewith and manufacturing processes. |
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WO2007036332A3 (en) | 2007-05-18 |
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