DE102005029836A1 - Hybrid vehicle and method of operating such a vehicle - Google Patents
Hybrid vehicle and method of operating such a vehicle Download PDFInfo
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- DE102005029836A1 DE102005029836A1 DE102005029836A DE102005029836A DE102005029836A1 DE 102005029836 A1 DE102005029836 A1 DE 102005029836A1 DE 102005029836 A DE102005029836 A DE 102005029836A DE 102005029836 A DE102005029836 A DE 102005029836A DE 102005029836 A1 DE102005029836 A1 DE 102005029836A1
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
- B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
- B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
- B60K6/22—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
- B60K6/28—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the electric energy storing means, e.g. batteries or capacitors
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L1/00—Supplying electric power to auxiliary equipment of vehicles
- B60L1/02—Supplying electric power to auxiliary equipment of vehicles to electric heating circuits
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L50/00—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle
- B60L50/10—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by engine-driven generators, e.g. generators driven by combustion engines
- B60L50/16—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by engine-driven generators, e.g. generators driven by combustion engines with provision for separate direct mechanical propulsion
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L50/00—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle
- B60L50/40—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by capacitors
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L50/00—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle
- B60L50/50—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells
- B60L50/60—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells using power supplied by batteries
- B60L50/64—Constructional details of batteries specially adapted for electric vehicles
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L50/00—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle
- B60L50/50—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells
- B60L50/60—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells using power supplied by batteries
- B60L50/66—Arrangements of batteries
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L58/00—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles
- B60L58/10—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries
- B60L58/12—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries responding to state of charge [SoC]
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L58/00—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles
- B60L58/10—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries
- B60L58/18—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries of two or more battery modules
- B60L58/21—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries of two or more battery modules having the same nominal voltage
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
- B60W10/00—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function
- B60W10/24—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function including control of energy storage means
- B60W10/26—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function including control of energy storage means for electrical energy, e.g. batteries or capacitors
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
- Y02T10/70—Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
- Y02T10/7072—Electromobility specific charging systems or methods for batteries, ultracapacitors, supercapacitors or double-layer capacitors
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Transportation (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Sustainable Development (AREA)
- Sustainable Energy (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Electric Propulsion And Braking For Vehicles (AREA)
Abstract
Die Erfindung betrifft ein Fahrzeug, insbesondere ein Kraftfahrzeug (2) mit einem Hybridantrieb, der einen Verbrennungsmotor (4) und mindestens eine Elektromaschine (6) umfasst, sowie mit einer Antriebsbatterie (22) zur Speisung der im Motorbetrieb arbeitenden Elektromaschine (6) und zur Wiederaufladung durch die im Generatorbetrieb arbeitende Elektromaschine (6). Die Erfindung betrifft weiter ein Verfahren zum Betrieb eines solchen Fahrzeugs. Es ist vorgesehen, dass die Antriebsbatterie (22) eine leistungsoptimierte Batterie (18) und eine energieoptimierte Batterie (20) umfasst, von denen in Abhängigkeit von einem augenblicklichen Betriebszustand des Fahrzeugs (2) entweder die energieoptimierte Batterie (18) oder die leistungsoptimierte Batterie (20) zur Speisung der Elektromaschine (6) eingesetzt bzw. von dieser wieder aufgeladen wird.The invention relates to a vehicle, in particular a motor vehicle (2) with a hybrid drive, which comprises an internal combustion engine (4) and at least one electric machine (6), as well as with a drive battery (22) for feeding the electric machine (6) operating in motor mode and for Recharging by the electric machine (6) working in generator mode. The invention further relates to a method for operating such a vehicle. It is provided that the drive battery (22) comprises a performance-optimized battery (18) and an energy-optimized battery (20), of which either the energy-optimized battery (18) or the performance-optimized battery (depending on an instantaneous operating state of the vehicle (2) 20) is used to feed the electric machine (6) or is recharged by it.
Description
Die Erfindung betrifft ein Fahrzeug, insbesondere ein Kraftfahrzeug, mit einem Hybridantrieb gemäß dem Oberbegriff des Anspruchs 1, sowie ein Verfahren zum Betrieb eines solchen Fahrzeugs gemäß dem Oberbegriff des Anspruchs 5.The The invention relates to a vehicle, in particular a motor vehicle, with a hybrid drive according to the preamble of claim 1, and a method for operating such a vehicle according to the generic term of claim 5.
Kraftfahrzeuge mit Hybridantrieb besitzen neben einer Verbrennungskraftmaschine mindestens eine Elektromaschine, die mit einem Antriebsstrang des Kraftfahrzeugs koppelbar ist, eine Antriebsbatterie, aus der die Elektromaschine im Motorbetrieb die benötigte elektrische Energie entnimmt und die von der Elektromaschine im Generatorbetrieb wieder aufgeladen wird, sowie eine zur Regelung der Entlade- und Aufladezyklen der Antriebsbatterie dienende Batteriesteuerung, die eine Überschreitung vorgegebener Grenzwerte des Ladezustandes bzw. Ladestroms der Antriebsbatterie verhindern soll. Neben der zumeist als NiMH-Batterie ausgebildeten Antriebsbatterie weisen Kraftfahrzeuge mit Hybridantrieb in der Regel noch eine weitere, als Blei-/Säure-Batterie ausgebildete Batterie zur Versorgung ihres 12 V-Bordnetzes auf.motor vehicles with hybrid drive in addition to a combustion engine at least one electric machine with a drive train of the Motor vehicle is coupled, a drive battery from which the Electric machine in engine operation takes the required electrical energy and recharged by the electric machine in generator mode and to control the discharge and charge cycles of the Drive battery serving battery control that exceeded predetermined limits of the state of charge or charging current of the drive battery should prevent. In addition to the mostly trained as NiMH battery Traction battery have motor vehicles with hybrid drive in the Usually yet another, designed as a lead / acid battery to supply its 12 V electrical system.
Bei der Auslegung von Batterien ist allgemein entweder eine Optimierung in Richtung Energie oder in Richtung Leistung möglich, da für jede Richtung bestimmte Maßnahmen erforderlich sind, die eine gleichzeitige Optimierung in der anderen Richtung erschweren. Es wird daher zumeist ein Kompromiss gewählt, der sowohl eine gewisse Energie- und Leistungsoptimierung ermöglicht. Solche Kompromisse sind jedoch nur in einem begrenzten Ausmaß möglich, da die Lebensdauer der Batterien unter den jeweils vorgegebenen Betriebsbedingungen von den verwendeten Konstruktionsparametern der Batterien, wie Elektrodenmaterial, Elektrodenfläche und Gewicht beeinflusst wird. Bei zentralen Antriebsbatterien von Kraftfahrzeugen mit Hybridantrieb sind zudem der Stromaufnahme bei der Wiederaufladung (Rekuperation) enge Grenzen gesetzt.at The design of batteries is generally either an optimization towards energy or in the direction of performance possible, because for each direction certain actions are required, a simultaneous optimization in the other Complicate direction. It is therefore usually chosen a compromise that allows both a certain energy and performance optimization. However, such compromises are only possible to a limited extent since the life of the batteries under the given operating conditions from the used design parameters of the batteries, such as electrode material, electrode area and weight is affected. For central drive batteries of Motor vehicles with hybrid drive are also the power consumption at the recharging (recuperation) set narrow limits.
Vorteile der ErfindungAdvantages of invention
Das erfindungsgemäße Fahrzeug mit den im Anspruch 1 genannten Merkmalen bietet demgegenüber den Vorteil, dass durch die Verwendung einer Antriebsbatterie aus einer energieoptimierten und einer leistungsoptimierten Batterie eine Optimierung des Gesamtsystems sowohl in Richtung Energie als auch in Richtung Leistung ermöglicht wird. Außerdem wird auch die Auslegung des Gesamtsystems vereinfacht, wenn dieses zwei Batterien umfasst, bei denen jeweils nur ein einziges Optimierungskriterium, d.h. Leistung oder Energie, berücksichtigt werden muss. Darüber hinaus besteht ein weiterer Vorteil des erfindungsgemäßen Fahrzeugs darin, dass die Lebensdauer der Antriebsbatterie verlängert werden kann.The vehicle according to the invention with the features mentioned in claim 1 offers the other hand Advantage that by using a drive battery from a energy-optimized and a performance-optimized battery Optimizing the overall system in terms of energy as well towards performance becomes. Furthermore It also simplifies the design of the overall system, if this includes two batteries, each of which has only one optimization criterion, i.e. Power or energy, taken into account must become. About that In addition, there is another advantage of the vehicle according to the invention in that the life of the drive battery is extended can.
Als energieoptimierte Batterie wird im Rahmen dieser Erfindung ein hinsichtlich seines Energiespeichervermögens optimiertes robustes elektrochemisches System mit relativ wenigen aber dicken Elektrodenplatten, einem verhältnismäßig großen Energieinhalt aber einer begrenzten Anzahl von möglichen Ladezyklen bezeichnet, das bei dem erfindungsgemäßen Fahrzeug vorzugsweise von einer NiMH-Batterie gebildet wird, während als leistungsoptimierte Batterie ein hinsichtlich seiner Leistungsaufnahme bzw. Leistungsabgabe optimiertes kondensatorähnliches System mit großer Elektrodenfläche, einer im Verhältnis größeren Energiedichte und einer sehr viel höheren Anzahl von möglichen Ladezyklen bezeichnet wird, das bei dem erfindungsgemäßen Fahrzeug vorzugsweise von einer Supercap-Batterie gebildet wird.When energy-optimized battery is in terms of this invention in terms of its energy storage capacity optimized robust electrochemical system with relatively few but thick electrode plates, a relatively large amount of energy but one limited number of possible Charging cycles referred to, preferably in the vehicle according to the invention of a NiMH battery is formed while as a performance-optimized battery in terms of its power consumption or power output optimized capacitor-like system with large electrode area, one in relation to greater energy density and a much higher one Number of possible Charging cycles is called, in the vehicle according to the invention preferably from a supercap battery is formed.
Eine bevorzugte Ausgestaltung der Erfindung sieht vor, dass das Fahrzeug eine Batteriesteuerung umfasst, die in Abhängigkeit von einem augenblicklichen Betriebszustand des Fahrzeugs und/oder vom jeweiligen Ladezustand entweder die leistungsoptimierte Batterie oder die energieoptimierte Batterie mit der Elektromaschine verbindet, um diese letztere im Motorbetrieb zu speisen bzw. im Generatorbetrieb die mit der Elektromaschine verbundene Batterie aufzuladen.A preferred embodiment of the invention provides that the vehicle includes a battery controller that is responsive to an instantaneous one Operating state of the vehicle and / or the respective state of charge either the power-optimized battery or the energy-optimized one Battery with the electric machine connects to this latter in the To feed motor operation or in generator mode with the electric machine Charge connected battery.
Dazu werden entsprechend dem erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren Verteilungsregeln aufgestellt, d.h. Regeln, mit denen für den Betrieb des Fahrzeugs mit Hybridantrieb festgelegt wird, unter welchen Bedingungen die leistungsoptimierte Batterie bzw. die energieoptimierte Batterie wiederaufgeladen bzw. zur Speisung der Elektromaschine eingesetzt werden soll, wobei neben dem augenblicklichen Ladezustand der Batterien, wie bei herkömmlichen Hybridfahrzeugen, vor allem die von der Elektromaschine benötigte bzw. erzeugte Leistung als Verteilungskriterium herangezogen wird.To be according to the method of the invention distribution rules placed, i. Rules with which to operate the vehicle Hybrid drive is determined under what conditions the performance-optimized Battery or the energy-optimized battery recharged or to Power supply of the electric machine is to be used, in addition to The current state of charge of the batteries, as in conventional Hybrid vehicles, especially those required by the electric machine or generated power is used as a distribution criterion.
In bevorzugter Ausgestaltung des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens ist dabei vorgesehen, dass von der Elektromaschine immer dann die leistungsoptimierte Batterie aufgeladen wird, wenn die Geschwindigkeit des Fahrzeugs einen vorbestimmten Wert übersteigt, der vorzugsweise bei etwa 50 km/h liegt, und das Fahrzeug bei dieser Geschwindigkeit unter Rückgewinnung von elektrischer Energie abgebremst wird. Da die kinetische Energie des Fahrzeugs mit der Geschwindigkeit des Fahrzeugs steigt, wird beim Bremsen des mit hoher Geschwindigkeit fahrenden Fahrzeugs in kurzer Zeit viel elektrische Energie erzeugt, die von der leistungsoptimierten Batterie problemlos aufgenommen werden kann, während eine Zufuhr in die energieoptimierte Batterie infolge eines übermäßig hohen Ladestroms oder einer übermäßig hohen Änderung des Ladezustands zu einer Verminderung der Lebensdauer führen könnte.In a preferred embodiment of the method according to the invention, it is provided that the power-optimized battery is always charged by the electric machine when the speed of the vehicle exceeds a predetermined value, which is preferably about 50 km / h, and the vehicle at this speed with recovery is slowed down by electrical energy. As the kinetic energy of the vehicle increases with the speed of the vehicle, braking the high-speed vehicle generates a large amount of electrical energy in a short time, which is easily absorbed by the performance-optimized battery while feeding into the energy-optimized battery could result in a reduction of the life due to an excessively high charging current or an excessively large change in the state of charge.
Um andererseits jedoch auch das große Energiespeichervermögen der energieoptimierten Batterie optimal auszunutzen, wird diese immer dann aufgeladen, wenn beim Abbremsen des Fahrzeugs die Dauer des Bremsvorgangs eine vorbestimmte Zeit übersteigt und damit der anfänglich hohe Energiefluss auf ein Niveau abgesunken ist, das weder zu einem übermäßig hohen Ladestrom noch zu einer übermäßigen Änderung des Ladezustands der energieoptimierten Batterie führt. Die vorbestimmte Zeit kann entweder eine festgelegte Zeitspanne sein, die zum Beispiel etwa 3 Sekunden beträgt, kann jedoch alternativ auch von der Ausgangsgeschwindigkeit zu Beginn des Bremsvorgangs abhängig sein, wobei sie bei einer hohen Ausgangsgeschwindigkeit länger und bei einer niedrigeren Ausgangsgeschwindigkeit kürzer ist.Around On the other hand, however, the great energy storage capacity of optimally exploiting energy-optimized battery, this is always then charged when the vehicle is decelerating the duration of the Braking process exceeds a predetermined time and thus the initially high Energy flow has dropped to a level that is neither too high Charging current still causing an excessive change the state of charge of the energy-optimized battery leads. The predetermined time can either be a fixed period of time which is about 3 seconds, for example, but may alternatively also from the initial speed at the beginning of the braking process dependent be longer and at a high initial speed shorter at a lower initial speed.
Was die Stromversorgung der im Motorbetrieb arbeitenden Elektromaschine angeht, so wird diese vorzugsweise bei normalen Belastungen aus der energieoptimierten Batterie und bei kurzzeitigen hohen Belastungen aus der leistungsoptimierten Batterie gespeist, zum Beispiel indem die Stromaufnahme der Elektromaschine im Motorbetrieb gemessen und bei Überschreiten eines vorgegebenen Stromwerts die Elektromaschine mit der leistungsoptimierten Batterie verbunden wird.What the power supply of operating in engine operation electric machine is concerned, this is preferably under normal loads from the energy-optimized battery and short-term high loads powered by the power optimized battery, for example by the current consumption of the electric machine measured in engine operation and when crossing a predetermined current value, the electric machine with the power optimized Battery is connected.
Allgemein wird die energieoptimierte Batterie im normalen zyklischen Fahrbetrieb des Fahrzeugs, das heißt bei den im Stadtverkehr üblichen Geschwindigkeiten von maximal 50 bis 60 km/h, mit der energieoptimierten Batterie verbunden sein, da unter diesen Bedingen kaum Betriebszustände auftreten, durch die ihre Lebensdauer infolge eines übermäßigen Lade- oder Entladestroms oder infolge einer Veränderung ihres Ladezustands von mehr etwa +/– 5 % beeinträchtigt werden kann.Generally The energy-optimized battery is in normal cyclical driving of the vehicle, that is at the usual in city traffic Speeds of a maximum of 50 to 60 km / h, with the energy-optimized Battery be connected because under these conditions hardly operating conditions occur by their life due to excessive charging or discharging or as a result of a change their state of charge of more than +/- 5% can.
Selbstverständlich wird mindestens die energieoptimierte Batterie ähnlich wie bei konventionellen Hybridfahrzeugen auch immer dann wieder aufgeladen, wenn ihr Ladezustand einen vorbestimmten Grenzwert unterschreitet, woraufhin die Elektromaschine im Schubbetrieb der Verbrennungskraftmaschine als Generator betrieben werden kann, um die von ihr erzeugte elektrische Energie in die energieoptimierte Batterie zuzuführen.Of course it will at least the energy-optimized battery similar to conventional hybrid vehicles also recharged whenever its state of charge is a predetermined limit falls below, whereupon the electric machine in overrun the Internal combustion engine can be operated as a generator to the electrical energy generated by it in the energy-optimized To supply battery.
Gemäß einer weiteren bevorzugten Ausgestaltung der Erfindung kann auch vorgesehen werden, dass die leistungsoptimierte Batterie zur Wiederaufladung der energieoptimierten Batterie dient, indem aus der leistungsoptimierten Batterie ein begrenzter Ladestrom in die energieoptimierte Batterie zugeführt wird, wenn der Ladezustand der letzteren einen vorbestimmten Wert unterschreitet und ggf. der Ladezustand der ersteren einen vorbestimmten Wert übersteigt.According to one Another preferred embodiment of the invention can also be provided be that the performance-optimized battery for recharging the energy-optimized battery is used by the power-optimized Battery is supplied with a limited charging current in the energy-optimized battery, when the state of charge of the latter falls below a predetermined value and possibly the state of charge of the former exceeds a predetermined value.
Durch die vorgenannten Maßnahmen können die beiden Batterien in der Nähe des Optimums ihrer Ladestromaufnahme betrieben werden, wobei bei einer zyklischen Belastung die leistungsoptimierte Batterie die energieoptimierte Batterie vorzugsweise derart unterstützt, dass die Änderung des Ladezustands der letzteren vorzugsweise immer kleiner als maximal +/– 5 % bleibt.By the aforementioned measures can the two batteries nearby the optimum of their charging current absorption are operated, wherein at a cyclic load the performance optimized battery the energy-optimized battery preferably supported such that the change the state of charge of the latter preferably always smaller than maximum +/- 5 % remains.
Durch den Einsatz der preiswerteren leistungsoptimierten Batterie kann zudem die teurere energieoptimierte Batterie geschont werden, wenn im Falle hoher Energieflüsse, wie bei einer Hochstromentladung oder einer Hochstromwiederaufladung, die leistungsoptimierte Batterie von der Batteriesteuerung mit der Elektromaschine verbunden wird.By the use of the cheaper power optimized battery can In addition, the more expensive energy-optimized battery can be spared, though in case of high energy flows, as with a high current discharge or a high current recharge, the Power optimized battery from the battery controller to the electric machine is connected.
Zeichnungdrawing
Die Erfindung wird nachfolgend in einem Ausführungsbeispiel anhand der zugehörigen Zeichnung näher erläutert. Es zeigen:The Invention will be described below in an embodiment with reference to the accompanying drawings explained in more detail. It demonstrate:
Beschreibung des Ausführungsbeispielsdescription of the embodiment
Das
in
Wie
am besten in
Während für eine Beleuchtung
Zur
Versorgung der im Motorbetrieb arbeitenden Elektromaschine
Zum
Beispiel schließt
die Batteriesteuerung
Wenn
hingegen das Kraftfahrzeug
Durch
die vorgenannten Verteilungsregeln kann vor allem die energieoptimierte
Batterie
Claims (10)
Priority Applications (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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DE102005029836A DE102005029836A1 (en) | 2005-06-27 | 2005-06-27 | Hybrid vehicle and method of operating such a vehicle |
PCT/EP2006/061895 WO2007000362A1 (en) | 2005-06-27 | 2006-04-27 | Hybrid-driven motor vehicle and method for operating said vehicle |
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DE102005029836A DE102005029836A1 (en) | 2005-06-27 | 2005-06-27 | Hybrid vehicle and method of operating such a vehicle |
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DE102005029836A1 true DE102005029836A1 (en) | 2007-01-11 |
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WO (1) | WO2007000362A1 (en) |
Cited By (3)
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WO2009138831A1 (en) * | 2008-05-14 | 2009-11-19 | Toyota Jidosha Kabushiki Kaisha | Power supply apparatus for vehicle and method of controlling power supply apparatus for vehicle |
DE102010024235A1 (en) * | 2010-06-18 | 2011-12-22 | Continental Automotive Gmbh | Battery cell and battery |
DE102012014347A1 (en) * | 2012-07-20 | 2014-01-23 | Audi Ag | Battery device used in motor car, has two parallel-connected rechargeable batteries where lead acid battery is provided with lead-based cells and lithium battery is provided with lithium-based cells and double layer capacitors |
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DE202010012167U1 (en) | 2010-09-03 | 2010-12-30 | Grabosch, Thomas, Dipl.-Ing. | Island plant for aeration of waters |
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US5925938A (en) * | 1997-03-05 | 1999-07-20 | Ford Global Technologies, Inc. | Electrical system for a motor vehicle |
JPH10309002A (en) * | 1997-04-28 | 1998-11-17 | Fuji Heavy Ind Ltd | Energy regenerative device for hybrid car |
JP3219039B2 (en) * | 1997-12-15 | 2001-10-15 | 富士電機株式会社 | Electric vehicle electric system |
DE10213105A1 (en) * | 2001-03-31 | 2002-11-07 | Heinz Leiber | Drive for a motor vehicle |
US20030197991A1 (en) * | 2002-04-08 | 2003-10-23 | Visteon Global Technologies, Inc. | System for providing power to an electrical system in a vehicle |
US7258183B2 (en) * | 2003-09-24 | 2007-08-21 | Ford Global Technologies, Llc | Stabilized electric distribution system for use with a vehicle having electric assist |
-
2005
- 2005-06-27 DE DE102005029836A patent/DE102005029836A1/en not_active Withdrawn
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- 2006-04-27 WO PCT/EP2006/061895 patent/WO2007000362A1/en active Application Filing
Cited By (8)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2009138831A1 (en) * | 2008-05-14 | 2009-11-19 | Toyota Jidosha Kabushiki Kaisha | Power supply apparatus for vehicle and method of controlling power supply apparatus for vehicle |
US8643212B2 (en) | 2008-05-14 | 2014-02-04 | Toyota Jidosha Kabushiki Kaisha | Power supply apparatus for vehicle and method of controlling power supply apparatus for vehicle |
CN102224057B (en) * | 2008-05-14 | 2014-02-19 | 丰田自动车株式会社 | Power supply apparatus for vehicle and control method of power supply apparatus for vehicle |
DE102010024235A1 (en) * | 2010-06-18 | 2011-12-22 | Continental Automotive Gmbh | Battery cell and battery |
US8993140B2 (en) | 2010-06-18 | 2015-03-31 | Continental Automotive Gmbh | Rechargeable battery cell and battery |
DE102010024235B4 (en) * | 2010-06-18 | 2016-11-10 | Continental Automotive Gmbh | Battery cell and battery |
DE102012014347A1 (en) * | 2012-07-20 | 2014-01-23 | Audi Ag | Battery device used in motor car, has two parallel-connected rechargeable batteries where lead acid battery is provided with lead-based cells and lithium battery is provided with lithium-based cells and double layer capacitors |
DE102012014347B4 (en) * | 2012-07-20 | 2017-05-18 | Audi Ag | Battery arrangement and motor vehicle |
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WO2007000362A1 (en) | 2007-01-04 |
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