DE102005026763A1 - Piston combustion engine for e.g. one liter car drive unit, has motor with intake volume greater than processing volume, where engine is divided into high and low pressure cycles and identified as five-stroke engine in low pressure stage - Google Patents

Abstract

The combustion engine has a 9-cylinder boxer engine that represents a string of three cylinder boxer engine, where the combustion engine is divided into high pressure and low pressure processing cycles and is identified as a five-stroke engine in a low pressure stage. A 9-cylinder V-engine represents a string of three cylinder V-engine. A 5-cylinder boxer engine consists of a four high pressure cylinder of a double working low pressure cylinder with a piston rod and cross head. A piston motor is provided with definite intake volume greater than a processing volume.

Description

since more than 100 years, the principle of the 4-stroke gasoline engine as an internal combustion engine continues is the 2-stroke engine known. Likewise, the diesel engine as a 4-stroke and designed as 2-stroke machines. At the time of the invention of these motors included the task, to develop an engine that shows in mass-to-power ratio significantly better as a then sprawling Steam engine is. The fuel costs were then vanishing small and thus negligible. Until today is the real basic principle of piston engines not changed. So-called 3-liter cars or the test vehicle presented by VW one 1-liter cars are nothing more than lightweight vehicles that you can not should call a car. If you look at the energy content of these days used fuels by means of suitable engines efficiently would exploit you would have to in a vehicle, with a deadweight of around 1000 kg and an average speed of 85 km / h, taking into account Rolling resistance and aerodynamic drag on gasoline consumption of 0.8 liters / 100 km, with diesel fuel 0.6 liters / 100 km can realize.

basic Lack of all piston internal combustion engines is the fact that for the Arbeitsverrichtung Due to the design, only exactly the same volume is available as air-fuel mixture is sucked and compressed, though a multiple of exhaust gas is generated.

When abstract comparison could to add: A firearm with a fixed caliber and a short run will not The range and power of impact achieve like a firearm with exactly the same caliber and the same ammunition used but a much longer one Run in which the gas of the burnt propellant gets longer and longer continue to expand and thus can accelerate the projectile longer.

objective This invention is at a defined intake volume in the piston engine to increase the volume of work to achieve a better utilization of the expanding exhaust gas.

A possibility is the constructive variable change the piston stroke during the respective clocks in the form of a novel crankshaft. Such crankshafts would equipped with complicated mechanisms and thereby in the production expensive and prone to failure during operation.

The chosen by me Variant is the downstream of one (or more) low-pressure cylinder, which the exhaust gas is utilized by two high-pressure cylinders, which after the conventional one 4-stroke system work. The smallest design thus has three cylinders.

Structure and mode of action:

Of the 5-stroke engine is similar like the familiar 4-stroke engines out of the housing with sump cylinder head, valves, a camshaft driving the valves at half the speed of the engine, a fuel supply and mixture preparation and an exhaust system, as well as an ignition system when using OTTO fuels or analog via high-pressure injection for DIESEL fuels.

There are 3 cylinders to be arranged on a dreikurbligen crankshaft. The two high-pressure cylinders are identical and work like the 4-stroke engine. Appropriately, these are arranged on the outer cranks. The high-pressure pistons run synchronously, so both pistons go through the dead points at the same time. Offset by 180 °, the central low pressure cylinder runs. This should have a much larger displacement than the high-pressure cylinder - at least twice as much as a high-pressure cylinder, so that the exhaust gas can further relax / expand. At the same capacity as a high-pressure cylinder, the exhaust gas can not expand further, and the low-pressure cylinder would be ineffective. Followed by the construction and operation of a gasoline-burning 5-stroke engine with mono-jetronic:
The two outer high-pressure cylinders are supplied via an air distribution pipe with the treated fuel-air mixture. The outlet openings of both high-pressure cylinders open into an exhaust gas collecting pressure line, which is connected to the inlet opening of the low-pressure cylinder. While the high pressure cylinders are known to have intake and exhaust valves, only one or more exhaust valves (s) are needed for the low pressure cylinder. An inlet valve is superfluous.

As a result, has the smallest design for all cylinders 5 valves.

following are described cycles of this 3-cylinder engine

Clock 1: crankshaft rotation 0-180 °

• Cylinder 1 (high pressure) moves from OT to UT intake valve open outlet valve closed = Intake of fuel-air mixture
• Cylinder 2 (low pressure) moves from UT to OT outlet valve open as Bar 5
• Cylinder 3 (high pressure) moves from OT to UT like tact 3 cylinders 1

Clock 2: crankshaft rotation 180-360 °

• Cylinder 1 moves from UT to OT intake valve closed outlet valve closed = Compression of the fuel-air mixture
• Cylinder 2 moves from OT to UT like bar 4
• Cylinder 3 moves from UT to OT like clock 4 cylinders 1

Clock 3: crankshaft rotation 360 ° -540 °

• Cylinder 1 ignition of the fuel-air mixture Valves closed Move from OT to UT = High pressure working stroke
• Cylinder 2 as clock 5
• Cylinder 3 as cylinder 1 at clock 1

Clock 4: crankshaft rotation 540 ° -720 °

• Cylinder 1 moves from UT to OT outlet valve open intake valve closed
• Cylinder 2 moves from OT to UT Burning exhaust from High pressure cylinder continues to expand, flowing through the exhaust manifold pressure line in cylinder 2 and presses while piston 2 down. = Low pressure - working cycle
• Cylinder 3 as clock 2 cylinder 1

Clock 5: crankshaft rotation 720 ° -900 °

• Cylinder 1 as clock 1
• Cylinder 2 exhaust valve open, Movement from UT to OT, ejecting the exhaust gas
• Cylinder 3 as clock 3 cylinder 1

In the appendix attached Sectional drawing are the essential elements and their arrangement described.

Around economical To carry out a practical experiment, I proceeded as follows. I have an OPEL cadet E Bj. 1989 with 1.6 liter displacement and automatic transmission acquired and dismantled the cylinder head.

Out the cylinder head were the intake valves including the rocker arm and hydraulic rams of the Cylinders 2 and 3 removed. The lubricant supply openings and the valve guides for this Assemblies were closed The threaded holes for the spark plugs the cylinders in question were also closed. Thus are the cylinders 2 and 3 to a low-pressure cylinder with double Displacement of the high-pressure cylinder has been taken together.

The Existing exhaust manifold (Exhaust manifold) has been modified: The connections for cylinders 1 and 4 were removed and the resulting openings closed. in this connection should be considered be that enough space for the is created to be produced exhaust manifold pressure line, which the outlet ports of cylinders 1 and 4 and the inlet ports of cylinder 2 and 3 should connect to each other.

The Air manifold manifold (intake manifold) has been changed: the connections for the Cylinders 2 and 3 as well as those of the pressure regulator have been removed and locked. The pressure regulator is omitted. Also here it must be be respected, that sufficient building clearance for the already mentioned Exhaust manifold pressure line is created.

The Exhaust manifold pressure line through which the expanding exhaust gas from the Cylinders 1 and 4 flows into the cylinders 2 and 3, is to be formed as follows: The existing flange connections to the inlet openings of the cylinder 2 and 3 and the outlet openings the cylinders 1 and 4 are taken over unchanged, it will be from 5 mm sheet metal flanges manufactured and at the respective openings with the existing screw holes screwed. Subsequently be the changed Intake and exhaust manifold screwed. By using steel pipe with the diameter of 25 mm and the wall thickness 3 mm and commercially available matching pipe bends I was able to build the tube around the preassembled cylinder head adjust and seal tightly.

It Proceed as follows: There will be a pipe connection between the Outlet openings of the Cylinders 1 and 4 created, the pipeline to the changed exhaust guided around becomes. Another pipe connection is between the inlet ports the cylinder 2 and 3 created. Between this two pipelines must also a pipe connection can be created.

It is expedient to lead this pipeline over the cylinder head. At the junctions between the lines, the respective line must be drilled beforehand. After welding, the resulting collecting pipe should be cleaned internally from welding residues. After welding, the pipe must be straightened to eliminate any welding distortion. The pipe should neither pinch nor rattle but possible He punches himself on the cylinder head. The M8 stud bolts for the connections of the new manifold pressure pipe can no longer be used. However, cylinder or hexagon bolts can be used for this purpose. However, before the other manifolds are mounted, the cylinder head should be equipped with new seals and mounted on the engine according to the usual instructions. The timing belt should also be checked and replaced if necessary. If the manifolds are mounted and the injection system is seated on the modified intake manifold, it will be noted that the air cleaner housing will no longer fit due to the manifold pressure line passing over the cylinder head. I then moved the air filter housing 5 cm upwards, in which I have a pipe of 140 mm diameter and 3 mm wall thickness with a length of 50 mm between the air filter and the injection housing with correspondingly longer stud bolts (I have threaded rods to the appropriate length cut). I left the electrical system as it was. The lambda probe was simply disconnected. And the ignition wires of the cylinders 2 and 3 plugs were removed from the distributor and the open ports were generously isolated.

All other connections are taken over. A catalyst is not necessary because, as expected, the combustion the fuel-air mixture in the exhaust manifold pressure line on guided and is completely completed in the low pressure cylinder.

Of the thus resulting 5-stroke engine can be easily like a conventional one Start 4-stroke engine. showy is the slightly higher Idle speed and the significantly lower exhaust noise. The pipe construction between high-pressure and low-pressure cylinders should by suitable Measures because of the strong temperature development on this component shielded become. The variant just described suffices to prove that this principle works. To higher Speeds and thus higher To achieve performances, would have a modified camshaft to be assembled. This should ensure that the exhaust valves from cylinders 2 and 3 at the same time and at each crankshaft revolution. In the test variant described open these valves alternately every second revolution of the crankshaft and the exhaust to be discharged must at open Valve of the cylinder 2 from the cylinder 3 via the exhaust manifold pressure line into the cylinder 2 overflow (and vice versa) around the opened one Valve to pass. This creates flow resistance, which limit the speed.

The converted to experimental design Vehicle can be requested by the DPMA. I want this after completion of the Process back again to get.

designs

Of the Piston internal combustion engine is divided into high pressure and into one or several consecutive low-pressure power strokes. In the minimal design, the engine works with two high-pressure cylinders and a low pressure cylinder.

The Subdivision of the low-pressure stages into several sub-stages to achieve high speeds for smaller designs and lower masses, where every lower level the arrangement of another low-pressure cylinder requires.

• 1. Der 3-Zylinder V-Motor, vorzugsweise zum Quereinbau bei minimalem Bauvolumen bestimmt, besteht aus zwei paarig angeordneten Hochdruckzylindern vorn und einem Niederdruckzylinder hinten, Die Kurbelwelle besteht aus 3 Kurbeln mit Gegengewichten wobei auf die äußeren Kurbeln die Hochdruckzylinder und auf die mittige Kurbel der Niederdruckzylinder wirkt,
• 2. Der 9-Zylinder V-Motor stellt eine Aneinanderreihung von drei 3-Zylinder V-Motoren wie 2.2.1 beschrieben dar.
• 3. 3-Zylinder Boxermotor vorzugsweise zum liegendem Einbau bei geringer Bauhöhe bestehend aus zwei paarig auf einer Seite angeordneten liegenden Hochdruckzylindern und einem auf der gegenüber liegenden Seite angeordneten Niederdruckzylinder welche wie bei 2.2.1 auf eine dreikurblige Kurbelwelle wirken.
• 4. Der 9-Zylinder Boxermotor stellt eine Aneinanderreihung von drei 3-Zylinder Boxermotoren dar.
• 5. Der 5-Zylinder Boxermotor besteht aus 4 Hochdruckzylindern einem doppelt wirkendem Niederdruckzylinder mit Kolbenstange und Kreuzkopf.

Depending on the design and type of application, this internal combustion engine can be subdivided into new types

• 1. The 3-cylinder V-engine, preferably designed for transverse installation with minimum volume, consists of two paired high-pressure cylinders in front and a low-pressure cylinder rear, The crankshaft consists of 3 cranks with counterweights where on the outer cranks the high pressure cylinder and the central crank the low pressure cylinder acts,
• 2. The 9-cylinder V engine is a juxtaposition of three 3-cylinder V-engines as described 2.2.1.
• 3. 3 cylinder boxer engine preferably for horizontal installation at low height consisting of two pairs arranged on one side horizontal high-pressure cylinders and arranged on the opposite side low-pressure cylinder which act as in 2.2.1 on a dreikurblige crankshaft.
• 4. The 9-cylinder boxer engine represents a juxtaposition of three 3-cylinder boxer engines.
• 5. The 5-cylinder boxer engine consists of 4 high-pressure cylinders, a double-acting low-pressure cylinder with piston rod and crosshead.

• 1. vorhandene 4-Zylinder 4-Takt-Motoren mit vertretbarem Aufwand auf das 5-Takt-Prinzip umzurüsten und
• 2. neue 5-Takt-Motoren (Motoren mit Hochdruck- und Niederdruckzylindern) zu entwickeln bzw. zu produzieren.

The user of this invention is capable

• 1. Convert existing 4-cylinder 4-stroke engines with reasonable effort to the 5-stroke principle and
• 2. to develop or produce new 5-stroke engines (engines with high-pressure and low-pressure cylinders).

On Reason for the enormous fuel savings in relation to all previous combustion engines you will not be able to close your eyes to this principle in the future.

Claims (2)

Piston engine, depending on Einsatzge offer as a drive unit in various designs and sizes for use in motor vehicles, ships, aircraft, rail vehicles and / or for driving mobile and / or stationary equipment, such as generators, compressors, hydraulic pumps, conveyors, etc. Characterized in that the piston internal combustion engine divided is in high-pressure and low-pressure power strokes and thus as a "5-stroke engine" at a low pressure stage must be called and achieved on the basis of its operation, a better utilization of all fuels and thus significantly better efficiencies than the previously known internal combustion engines are structurally variable in design and divisible in compression stages. Piston internal combustion engine according to claim 1. characterized characterized in that 2.1. the piston internal combustion engine is divided into high pressure and in one or more consecutive low-pressure power strokes. at the minimal design of the engine works with two high-pressure cylinders and a low pressure cylinder. 2.2. the piston engine be divided into new designs depending on the design and type of application can: 2.2.1. 3-cylinder V-engine, preferably for transverse installation with minimum construction volume determined consisting of two paired High pressure cylinders in the front and a low pressure cylinder in the back, the crankshaft consists of 3 cranks with counterweights being on the outer cranks the high pressure cylinder and the central crank of the low pressure cylinder acts 2.2.2. 9-cylinder V engine puts a string together of three 3-cylinder V-engines as described 2.2.1. 2.2.3. 3 cylinder boxer engine preferably for horizontal installation at low height consisting of two pairs on one side arranged lying High pressure cylinders and arranged on the opposite side Low pressure cylinder which like 2.2.1 on a dreikurblige crankshaft Act. 2.2.4. The 9-cylinder boxer engine is a juxtaposition of three 3-cylinder boxer engines. 2.2.5. The 5-cylinder Boxer engine consists of 4 high-pressure cylinders a double-acting Low pressure cylinder with piston rod and crosshead 2.3. subdivision the low pressure stages in several sub-stages to achieve high Speeds for smaller designs and lower masses, each one Sub-level requires the arrangement of another low-pressure cylinder.