DE102005025083B4 - Thermoplastic thermoset composite and method for bonding a thermoplastic material to a thermoset material - Google Patents
Thermoplastic thermoset composite and method for bonding a thermoplastic material to a thermoset material Download PDFInfo
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- DE102005025083B4 DE102005025083B4 DE102005025083A DE102005025083A DE102005025083B4 DE 102005025083 B4 DE102005025083 B4 DE 102005025083B4 DE 102005025083 A DE102005025083 A DE 102005025083A DE 102005025083 A DE102005025083 A DE 102005025083A DE 102005025083 B4 DE102005025083 B4 DE 102005025083B4
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Abstract
Verbund (10) mit einem ersten Teil (1) aus einem duroplastischen Material (3) und einem zweiten Teil (2) aus einem thermoplastischen Material (7) und einer dazwischen befindlichen Haftvermittlerschicht (5), wobei der erste Teil (1) über die Haftvermittlerschicht (5) mit dem zweiten Teil (2) verbunden ist, und wobei die Haftvermittlerschicht (5) pyrolytisch abgeschiedene Halbleiter- und/oder Metalloxide aufweist.composite (10) with a first part (1) made of a thermosetting material (3) and a second part (2) of a thermoplastic material (7) and a bonding agent layer (5) between them, wherein the first part (1) via the bonding agent layer (5) connected to the second part (2) and wherein the primer layer (5) is pyrolytically deposited Semiconductor and / or metal oxides.
Description
Die vorliegende Erfindung betrifft einen Thermoplast-Duroplast-Verbund sowie ein Verfahren zum Verbinden eines thermoplastischen Materials mit einem duroplastischen Material.The The present invention relates to a thermoplastic thermoset composite and a method for bonding a thermoplastic material to a thermoset Material.
Es besteht häufig die Notwendigkeit, Duroplast-Bauteile, insbesondere Halbleiterbauteile, die mit einem Gehäuse aus einem duroplastischen Material versehen sind, mit Thermoplastmassen wie Polyethylenterephthalat oder Polyphenylensulfid zu verspritzen oder vergießen. Dies ist beispielsweise der Fall, wenn ein Halbleiterbauteil mit einer Halterung aus einem thermoplastischen Material versehen werden soll, um das Bauteil einbaufähig zu machen.It is often the need for thermoset components, in particular semiconductor components, with a housing are made of a thermosetting material, with thermoplastic materials to spray as polyethylene terephthalate or polyphenylene sulfide or shed. This is the case, for example, when using a semiconductor device a holder made of a thermoplastic material are provided intended to be installable to the component close.
Dabei bzw. beim Verbinden oder Kombinieren von duroplastischen mit thermoplastischen Materialien besteht allgemein das Problem, eine gute Haftung zwischen den beiden unterschiedlichen Materialien vorzusehen. Eine Möglichkeit bietet eine Verformung der Duroplastoberfläche, um eine verstärkte Haftung zwischen einem Duroplastteil und einem darauf aufzubringenden Thermoplastteil zu schaffen. Dies ist jedoch insbesondere bei Gehäusen von Halbleiterbauteilen nicht möglich.there or when combining or combining thermosetting with thermoplastic Materials generally has the problem of good adhesion between to provide the two different materials. A possibility provides a deformation of the thermoset surface, for increased adhesion between a thermoset part and a thermoplastic part to be applied thereon to accomplish. However, this is especially true in packages of semiconductor devices not possible.
Auch kann beispielsweise die Möglichkeit des Zweikomponentenspritzgießens, mittels welchem Verfahren Duroplast-Thermoplast-Komposite geschaffen werden können, nicht ange wandt werden, da es sich um eine nachträgliche Anbringung von Bauteilen auf das bereits fertig verarbeitete Halbleiterbauteil handelt.Also For example, the possibility of Two-component injection molding, by means of which process thermoset thermoplastic composites are created can, not be applied, since it is a subsequent attachment of Components on the already finished processed semiconductor device is.
Die Haftung zwischen einem Duroplast und einem Thermoplast kann durch ein Verschweißen der Komponenten an deren Grenzflächen (Interdiffusion der Molekülketten) entstehen. Dieses Verschweißen kann zum Beispiel beim Kontakt des erhitzten thermoplastischen Materials bzw. der Thermoplast-Schmelze auf dem erkalteten Duroplastmaterial durchgeführt werden. Wird nachträglich ein thermoplastisches Material auf herkömmliche Weise auf ein duroplastisches Material aufgebracht, besteht generell das Problem, dass die Haftung nicht ausreichend ist und es daher oft zu einer Delamination kommt.The Adhesion between a thermoset and a thermoplastic can be achieved by a welding of the Components at their interfaces (Interdiffusion of the molecular chains) arise. This welding can, for example, upon contact of the heated thermoplastic material or the thermoplastic melt on the cooled Duroplastmaterial carried out become. Becomes retroactive a thermoplastic material in a conventional manner to a thermosetting Applied material, there is generally the problem that the adhesion is not sufficient and therefore often leads to delamination.
Daher ist es die Aufgabe der vorliegenden Erfindung, ein Verfahren zum Verbinden eines thermoplastischen Materials mit einem duroplastischen Material sowie einen Thermoplast-Duroplast-Verbund zu schaffen, mittels welchem eine verbesserte Haftung zwischen den beiden Materialien vorgesehen wird und daher eine nachträgliche Ablösung vermieden wird.Therefore It is the object of the present invention to provide a method for Bonding a thermoplastic material to a thermoset material and a thermoplastic thermoset composite to provide, by means of which improved adhesion between the two materials is provided and therefore avoided subsequent replacement becomes.
Gelöst wird diese Aufgabe mit den Gegenständen der unabhängigen Ansprüche. Vorteilhafte Weiterbildungen der Erfindung ergeben sich aus den abhängigen Ansprüchen.Is solved this task with the objects the independent one Claims. Advantageous developments of the invention will become apparent from the dependent claims.
Erfindungsgemäß ist ein Verbund mit einem ersten Teil aus einem duroplastischen Material, einem zweiten Teil aus einem thermoplastischen Material und einer dazwischen befindlichen Haftvermittlerschicht vorgesehen. Das erste Teil ist über die Haftvermittlerschicht mit dem zweiten Teil verbunden. Die Haftvermittlerschicht weist pyrolytisch abgeschiedene Halbleiter- und/oder Metalloxide auf.According to the invention is a Composite with a first part of a thermoset material, a second part of a thermoplastic material and a provided therebetween adhesive layer. The first Part is over the adhesive layer is connected to the second part. The primer layer has pyrolytically deposited semiconductor and / or metal oxides on.
Die erfindungsgemäße Haftvermittlerschicht ermöglicht beim Erhitzen des thermoplastischen Materials und des duroplastischen Materials einen festen Verbund zwischen den Materialien. Durch die zwischen dem thermoplastischen Material und dem duroplastischen Material vorgesehene Haftvermittlerschicht wird eine stabile dauerhafte Bindung zwischen dem Thermoplast und dem Duroplast geschaffen.The adhesive layer according to the invention allows the Heating the thermoplastic material and the thermosetting Material a solid bond between the materials. Through the between the thermoplastic material and the thermosetting material provided adhesion promoter layer becomes a stable permanent bond created between the thermoplastic and the thermoset.
Auf Grund der pyrolytischen Abscheidung weist die Haftvermittlerschicht Halbleiter- und/oder Metalloxide einer reaktiven Verbindung aus Sauerstoff und metallorganischen Molekülen auf. Unter metallorganischen Molekülen werden in diesem Zusammenhang organische Moleküle verstanden, die Halbleiterelemente und/oder Metallelemente als Radikale und/oder Zentralatom aufweisen. Zu den metallorganischen Molekülen werden in diesem Zusammenhang auch Silane gezählt, die an Stelle des zentralen Kohlenstoffatoms organischer Verbindungen entsprechende vierwertige Halbleiteratome, wie Silicium, aufweisen.On The reason for the pyrolytic deposition is the adhesive layer Semiconductor and / or metal oxides of a reactive compound Oxygen and organometallic molecules. Under organometallic molecules are understood in this context organic molecules, the semiconductor elements and / or metal elements as radicals and / or central atom. To the organometallic molecules In this context, silanes are also counted, which replace the central one Carbon atoms of organic compounds corresponding tetravalent Semiconductor atoms, such as silicon, have.
Die Schichtbildung selbst erfolgt durch die jeweils gewählten Abscheidungsbedingungen auf den Oberflächen des Duroplasts bzw. Thermoplasts. Außerdem können die Reaktionsprodukte der pyrolytischen Abscheidung umweltfreundlich in amorpher Form, die dabei in außerordentlich geringen Mengen entstehen, entsorgt werden.The Layer formation itself takes place by the respectively selected deposition conditions on the surfaces of thermosetting plastic or thermoplastic. In addition, the reaction products the pyrolytic deposition environmentally friendly in amorphous form, the ones in extraordinary small quantities arise, be disposed of.
Die pyrolytische Abscheidung hat den weiteren Vorteil, dass die Oberflächen beschichtet werden können, ohne hohe Temperaturen, zum Beispiel eine Temperatur von weit über 100°C, ein zusetzen. Dies ist besonders vorteilhaft, wenn die Oberflächen eines Halbleiterbauteilgehäuses beschichtet werden sollen. Der Halbleiterchip des bereits fertig verarbeiteten Halbleiterbauteils wird dadurch nicht beeinträchtigt. Weiterhin kann durch die Einstellung der Abscheidungsbedingungen, die Morphologie der Haftvermittlerschicht eingestellt werden. Die Rauhigkeit und Porosität der Schichtoberfläche kann so eingestellt werden, dass eine verbesserte Verankerung zwischen den Kunststoffmassen der zwei Teile über die Haftvermittlerschicht erreicht werden kann.The Pyrolytic deposition has the further advantage of coating the surfaces can be without high temperatures, for example, a temperature of well over 100 ° C, a clog. This is particularly advantageous when coating the surfaces of a semiconductor device package should be. The semiconductor chip of the already finished processed semiconductor device will not be affected. Farther can by adjusting the deposition conditions, the morphology the adhesion promoter layer can be adjusted. The roughness and porosity the layer surface can be adjusted so that an improved anchorage between the Plastic masses of the two parts above the primer layer can be achieved.
Vorteilhafte thermoplastische Materialien sind flüssigkristallines Polymer (LCP), Polyethylenterephthalat (PET), Polyethersulfon (PES), Polyphenylensulfid (PPS), Polyetheretherketon (PEEK) oder Polysulfon (PSU).advantageous thermoplastic materials are liquid crystalline polymer (LCP), Polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polyethersulfone (PES), polyphenylene sulfide (PPS), polyetheretherketone (PEEK) or polysulphone (PSU).
Besonders bevorzugt ist es, wenn das thermoplastische Material ein Hochleistungsthermoplast ist. Auch bestimmte technische Thermoplaste, wie zum Beispiel PET oder Polycarbonat (PC), können eingesetzt werden.Especially it is preferred if the thermoplastic material is a high-performance thermoplastic. Also certain engineering thermoplastics, such as PET or Polycarbonate (PC), can be used become.
Weiterhin sind vorteilhafte duroplastische Materialien Kunstharze, insbesondere Epoxidharz oder Silikonharz.Farther are advantageous thermosetting materials resins, in particular Epoxy or silicone resin.
In einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform weist die Haftvermittlerschicht Halbleiter- und/oder Metalloxide der Elemente Al, B, Ce, Co, Cr, Ge, Hf, In, Mn, Mo, Nb, Nd, Ni, Pb, Pr, Pt, Rb, Re, Rh, Ru, S, Sb, Sc, Si, Sm, Sn, Sr, Ta, Te, Ti, Tl Tm, U, V, W, Yb, Zr oder Zn auf. Diese Halbleiter- und/oder Metallelemente haben den Vorteil, dass von diesen Elementen metallorganische Verbindungen bekannt sind, die für die Bildung einer Haftvermittlerschicht mit mikroporöser Morphologie geeig net sind. Dabei kann durch Mischung unterschiedlicher metallorganischer Ausgangsmaterialien dieser Halbleiter- und/oder Metallelemente neben den haftvermittelnden Eigenschaften der entstehenden Schichten auch eine farbliche Unterscheidung der Haftvermittlerschicht von der Oberfläche der Halbleiterbauteilkomponenten in vorteilhafter Weise erreicht werden. Dazu können Mischungen unterschiedlicher metallorganischer Verbindungen dieser oben aufgeführten Elemente durch gemeinsame Verbrennung in einer Pyrolyseanlage bzw. Flammpyrolysanlage in vorteilhafter Weise gebildet werden.In a preferred embodiment the adhesion promoter layer comprises semiconductor and / or metal oxides the elements Al, B, Ce, Co, Cr, Ge, Hf, In, Mn, Mo, Nb, Nd, Ni, Pb, Pr, Pt, Rb, Re, Rh, Ru, S, Sb, Sc, Si, Sm, Sn, Sr, Ta, Te, Ti, Tl Tm, U, V, W, Yb, Zr or Zn on. These semiconductor and / or metal elements have the advantage that of these elements organometallic compounds are known for the formation of a primer layer with microporous morphology are suitable. It can by mixing different organometallic Starting materials of these semiconductor and / or metal elements in addition the adhesion-promoting properties of the resulting layers as well a color distinction of the adhesive layer of the surface the semiconductor device components achieved in an advantageous manner become. Can do this Mixtures of different organometallic compounds of these listed above Elements by common combustion in a pyrolysis plant or flame pyrolysis plant be formed in an advantageous manner.
Vorzugsweise weist die entstehende Haftvermittlerschicht ein Halbleiter- und/oder Metalloxid der Gruppe Al2O3, B2O3, Ce2O3, CoO, Co2O3, GeO2, HfO2, In2O3, Mn2O3, Mn3O4, MoO2, Mo2O5, Nb2O3, NbO2, Nd2O3, Ni2O3, NiO, PbO, Pr2O3, PrO2, PtO, Pt3O4, Rb2O, ReO2, ReO3, RhO2, Rh2O3, RuO2, SO3, Sb2O4, Sb4O6, Sc2O3, SiO2, Sm2O3, SnO, SnO2, SrO, Te2O5, TeO2, TeO3, TiO, TiO2, Ti2O3, Tl2O3 Tm2O3, UO2, U3O8, UO3, VO, V2O3, V2O4, V2O5, WO2, WO3, Yb2O3, ZrO2 oder ZnO oder Mischungen derselben auf. Diese Oxide haben den Vorteil, dass sie als fein verteilte Oxide pyrolytisch abgeschieden werden können. Diese Oxide haben auch ausreichend thermische und mechanische Stabilität, so dass eine stabile und zuverlässige Haftvermittlerschicht entsteht. Eine zuverlässige Verbindung zwischen dem Duroplast und dem Thermoplast wird somit geschaffen.The resulting adhesion promoter layer preferably comprises a semiconductor and / or metal oxide of the group Al 2 O 3 , B 2 O 3 , Ce 2 O 3 , CoO, Co 2 O 3 , GeO 2 , HfO 2 , In 2 O 3 , Mn 2 O 3 , Mn 3 O 4 , MoO 2 , Mo 2 O 5 , Nb 2 O 3 , NbO 2 , Nd 2 O 3 , Ni 2 O 3 , NiO, PbO, Pr 2 O 3 , PrO 2 , PtO, Pt 3 O 4 , Rb 2 O, ReO 2 , ReO 3 , RhO 2 , Rh 2 O 3 , RuO 2 , SO 3 , Sb 2 O 4 , Sb 4 O 6 , Sc 2 O 3 , SiO 2 , Sm 2 O 3 , SnO , SnO 2 , SrO, Te 2 O 5 , TeO 2 , TeO 3 , TiO, TiO 2 , Ti 2 O 3 , Tl 2 O 3 Tm 2 O 3 , UO 2 , U 3 O 8 , UO 3 , VO, V 2 O 3 , V 2 O 4 , V 2 O 5 , WO 2 , WO 3 , Yb 2 O 3 , ZrO 2 or ZnO or mixtures thereof. These oxides have the advantage that they can be pyrolytically deposited as finely divided oxides. These oxides also have sufficient thermal and mechanical stability to form a stable and reliable primer layer. A reliable connection between the thermoset and the thermoplastic is thus created.
In einer weiteren Ausführungsform der Erfindung weist die Haftvermittlerschicht Silikatverbindungen auf. Derartige Silikatverbindungen haben den Vorteil, dass sie eine chemische Bindung zum Kunststoff bilden, wobei die Silikate über Si-C-Bindungen in der Lage sind, hydrolysestabile chemische Bindungen auszubilden. Jedoch ist die Wechselwirkung zwischen Sili katen und Kunststoffmassen von erheblicher Komplexität, wobei auch Wassermoleküle über die Ausbildung von Oxyhydratschichten einer Art flexiblen Bindungszustand bewirken können. Hinzu kommt, dass sich Kopplungen von Silikaten mit Kunststoffen technisch bereits langjährig bewährt haben.In a further embodiment According to the invention, the adhesion promoter layer comprises silicate compounds on. Such silicate compounds have the advantage that they have a form chemical bond to the plastic, wherein the silicates via Si-C bonds in the Able to form hydrolysis-stable chemical bonds. however is the interaction between silicates and plastic masses of considerable complexity, whereby also water molecules over the Formation of Oxyhydratschichten a kind of flexible binding state can effect. In addition, there are couplings of silicates with plastics technically already many years proven to have.
Von den oben aufgeführten anderen Oxiden sind ebenfalls haftverbessernde Effekte zu erwarten. Diese haftverbessernden Effekte liegen jedoch deutlich unter denen von hydrolysierbaren Gruppen, die über die Bildung und Kondensation von Si-OH-Gruppen ein silikatisches Gerüst bilden. Dabei kondensieren die Si-OH-Gruppen untereinander und mit OH-Gruppen des Trägersubstrats. Silikatverbindungen haben somit den Vorteil, dass sie sowohl zu Kunststoffgehäusemassen, sowie zwischen dem Duroplast und dem umgebenden Thermoplast eine stabile Bindung eingehen können. Durch die mikroporöse Oberflächenstruktur der erfindungsgemäßen Haftvermittlerschicht wird außerdem die Reaktionsfläche vergrößert, und es werden mikroretentive Haftelemente in die Grenzflächen eingeführt.From the above other oxides are also expected to have adhesion enhancing effects. These However, adhesion-enhancing effects are significantly lower than those of hydrolyzable groups that over the formation and condensation of Si-OH groups form a silicate skeleton. The Si-OH groups condense with each other and with OH groups of the carrier substrate. Silicate compounds thus have the advantage that they can be mixed with plastic housing compounds, and between the thermoset and the surrounding thermoplastic one can form stable bonds. By the microporous surface structure the adhesion promoter layer according to the invention will also the reaction area increases, and micro-retentive adhesive elements are introduced into the interfaces.
Eine derartige Silikatschicht hat zudem den Vorteil, dass Silikate mit einer Vielzahl von Elementen und Materialien chemische Bindungen eingehen können, sodass eine Aufbringung des Silikats auch die Ausbildung stabiler Silikatstrukturen in den Grenzflächen zulässt.A Such silicate layer also has the advantage that silicates with a variety of elements and materials chemical bonds can be able to so that application of the silicate also makes the training more stable Silicate structures in the interfaces allows.
Die mittlere Dicke D der Haftvermittlerschicht liegt zwischen 5 nm ≤ D ≤ 300 nm, vorzugsweise zwischen 5 nm ≤ D ≤ 40 nm. Dies ermöglicht eine feste Verbindung zwischen dem Duroplast und dem Thermoplast, ohne dass die Teile während dem Abscheidungsverfahren beeinträchtigend erwärmt werden.The average thickness D of the adhesion promoter layer is between 5 nm ≤ D ≤ 300 nm, preferably between 5 nm ≤ D ≤ 40 nm. This allows a strong bond between the thermoset and the thermoplastic, without the parts during heated to the deposition process affecting.
Die Haftvermittlerschicht ist vorzugsweise porös, so dass die Oberfläche zwischen den Teilen erhöht wird und eine verbesserte mechanische Verankerung zwischen dem Duroplast und dem Thermoplast angegeben wird. In einer weiteren Ausführungsform der Erfindung nimmt die Porosität der Haftvermittlerschicht von einer porenfreien Beschichtung auf den Oberflächen eines Teils zu einer mikroporösen Morphologie im Übergangsbereich zu einem zweiten Teil graduell zu. Durch die graduelle Zunahme der Porosität von einer zunächst geschlossenen Haftvermittlerschicht zu einer mikroporösen Morphologie der Oberfläche wird die Verzahnung zwischen dem Thermoplast und dem Duroplast intensiviert.The Adhesive layer is preferably porous, so that the surface between the parts increased and improved mechanical anchoring between the thermoset and the thermoplastic is given. In a further embodiment The invention takes the porosity the adhesion promoter layer of a non-porous coating on the surfaces a part to a microporous Morphology in the transition area gradually to a second part. Due to the gradual increase in porosity from a first closed adhesive layer to a microporous morphology the surface the interlocking between the thermoplastic and the thermoset is intensified.
Gemäß einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform bildet das duroplastische Material ein Gehäuse eines Halbleiterbauteils und das thermoplastische Material bildet eine Gehäusehalterung auf dem Gehäuse des Halbleiterbauelements, wobei das Gehäuse und die Gehäusehalterung durch die dazwischen angeordneten Haftvermittlerschicht fest miteinander verbunden sind. Erfindungsgemäß weist die Haftvermittlerschicht pyrolytisch abgeschiedene Halbleiter- und/oder Metalloxide auf. Die Verwendung des erfindungsgemäßen Verbunds ist vorteilhaft bei Bauteile, die im Hochbelastungsbetriebslagen verwendet werden sollen. Solche Anwendungen sind zum Beispiel Bauelemente für Autos.According to a preferred embodiment, the thermoset material forms a housing of a Semiconductor device and the thermoplastic material forms a housing holder on the housing of the semiconductor device, wherein the housing and the housing holder are firmly connected to each other by the adhesive layer disposed therebetween. According to the invention, the adhesion promoter layer has pyrolytically deposited semiconductor and / or metal oxides. The use of the composite according to the invention is advantageous in the case of components which are to be used in high-load operating situations. Such applications are, for example, components for cars.
Ein Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Verbunds weisen die folgende Verfahrensschritte auf. Ein erstes Teil, das eine Oberfläche aus einem duroplastischen Material und ein zweites Teil, das eine Oberfläche aus einem thermoplastischen Material aufweist, werden bereitgestellt. Eine Haftvermittlerschicht wird erfindungsgemäß mittels pyrolytischer Abscheidung auf die Oberfläche des ersten Teils und/oder die Oberfläche des zwei ten Teils aufgebracht. Die Haftvermittlerschicht weist pyrolytisch abgeschiedene Halbleiter- und/oder Metalloxide auf. Das erste Teil und das zweite Teil wird zusammengefügt, so dass die Haftvermittlerschicht zwischen dem ersten Teil und dem zweiten Teil angeordnet ist. Das thermoplastische Material und das duroplastische Material werden erhitzt, damit eine Verbindung zwischen dem thermoplastischen und dem duroplastischen Material erzeugt wird.One Methods for producing a composite include the following method steps on. A first part that has a surface made of a thermoset Material and a second part, which is a thermoplastic surface Material has been provided. A primer layer is inventively means Pyrolytic deposition on the surface of the first part and / or the surface of the second part. The adhesion promoter layer is pyrolytic deposited semiconductor and / or metal oxides. The first part and the second part is joined together so that the primer layer is arranged between the first part and the second part. The thermoplastic Material and the thermosetting material are heated so that a Connection between the thermoplastic and the thermosetting Material is generated.
Bei der Beschichtung kann eine mikroporöse Morphologie der Halbleitervermittlerschicht entstehen, die Halbleiterund/oder Metalloxide einer reaktiven Verbindung aus Sauerstoff und metallorganischen Molekülen aufweist. Diese Haftvermittlerschicht wird vorzugsweise in einer mittleren Dicke D zwischen 5 nm ≤ D ≤ 300 nm aufgebracht. Bei dieser Beschichtung scheiden sich auf den Oberflächen des Duroplasts bzw. Thermoplasts Halbleiteroxide bzw. Metalloxide ab. Diese Halbleiteroxide bzw. Metalloxide bilden typischerweise nur in unmittelbarer Nähe der zu beschichteten Oberflächen eine wenige nanometerdicke geschlossene Schicht, die gleichzeitig die Oberflächen vor Erosion und Korrosion schützt. Mit dicker werdender Beschichtung nimmt die Porendichte zu, sodass eine mikroporöse Morphologie auftritt, die eine hohe Adhäsion mit dem zweiten Teil ausbilden kann. Der Beschichtungsvorgang selbst kann durch Einleiten von Butan oder Propan mit Sauerstoff in einem Reaktionsraum, dem die metallorganischen Moleküle zugeführt werden, beschleunigt werden.at The coating may have a microporous morphology of the semiconductor mediator layer arise, the semiconductor and / or metal oxides of a reactive compound from oxygen and organometallic molecules. This primer layer is preferably applied in an average thickness D between 5 nm ≦ D ≦ 300 nm. This coating is deposited on the surfaces of the thermoset or thermoplastics semiconductor oxides or metal oxides. These semiconductor oxides or metal oxides typically form only in the immediate vicinity of coated surfaces a few nanometers thick closed layer, the same time the surfaces protects against erosion and corrosion. As the coating thickens, the pore density increases, so that a microporous one Morphology occurs, which form a high adhesion to the second part can. The coating process itself can be done by bubbling butane or propane with oxygen in a reaction space containing the organometallic molecules supplied be accelerated.
Vorzugsweise wird beim Beschichten eine flammpyrolytische Abscheidung durchgeführt. Eine flammpyrolytische Abscheidung hat den Vorteil, dass die oben erwähnten Reaktionsprodukte in einem Brenngasstrom entstehen, aus dem sich Halbleiteroxide und/oder Metalloxide der metallorganischen Verbindung auf den Oberflächen des Systemträgers niederschlagen. Prinzipiell kann diese pyrolytische Abscheidung unabhängig vom Material der Oberflächen erfolgen. Somit ist die Flammpyrolyse einfach und universell anwendbar.Preferably For example, a flame pyrolytic deposition is performed during coating. A flame pyrolytic Deposition has the advantage that the above-mentioned reaction products in a fuel gas flow, from which semiconductor oxides and / or Metal oxides of the organometallic compound on the surfaces of Knock down system carrier. In principle, this pyrolytic deposition can be independent of Material of the surfaces respectively. Thus, the flame pyrolysis is simple and universally applicable.
Es ist deshalb möglich, das Duroplast oder das Thermoplast oder beide der zu verbindenden Teile zu beschichten. Wenn das Gehäuse eines Halbleiterbauteils duroplastisch ist, ist es von Vorteil das Halbleiterbauteil zu beschichten. Das mit einer Haftvermittlerschicht beschichtete Bauteil kann in einem weiteren getrennten Herstellungsverfahren in ein Thermoplast eingebettet werden. Dieses Verfahren kann direkt bei dem Kunden anstatt beim Bauteilhersteller durchgeführt werden. Es ist auch möglich, die Oberfläche eines thermoplastischen Behälters mit der erfindungsgemäßen Haftvermittlerschicht zu beschichten. Dies hat den Vorteil, dass unbeschichtete Halbleiterbauteile verwendet werden können.It is therefore possible the thermoset or the thermoplastic or both of the to be joined Parts to be coated. If the case of a semiconductor device thermosetting, it is advantageous to coat the semiconductor device. The coated with a primer layer component can in another separate manufacturing process in a thermoplastic be embedded. This procedure can be done directly by the customer instead of being performed by the component manufacturer. It is also possible the surface of a thermoplastic container with the adhesion promoter layer according to the invention to coat. This has the advantage that uncoated semiconductor devices can be used.
Bei der Flammpyrolyse wird eine metallorganische Verbindung der oben erwähnten Elemente in einer Gas/Luft-Flamme zersetzt. Als Gas für die Gas/Luft-Flamme wird vorzugsweise Methan, Butan oder Propan eingesetzt. In einem optimierten Flammenbereich wird auf die Oberflächen der fertig montierten Halbleiterbauteilkomponenten eine MeOx-Schicht abgeschieden. Dabei werden unter Me die oben angegebenen Halbleiter- und/oder Metallelemente verstanden.In flame pyrolysis, an organometallic compound of the above-mentioned elements is decomposed in a gas / air flame. The gas used for the gas / air flame is preferably methane, butane or propane. In an optimized flame region, a MeO x layer is deposited on the surfaces of the assembled semiconductor device components. Under Me, the above-mentioned semiconductor and / or metal elements are understood.
Die dabei abgeschiedene mittlere Schichtdicke D liegt zwischen 5 nm ≤ D ≤ 300 nm, vorzugsweise liegt die mittlere Schichtdicke D zwischen 5 nm ≤ D ≤ 40 nm. Da nur eine sehr dünne Schicht aufzutragen ist, sind auch die Materialkosten äußerst gering. Dabei lässt sich die Erwärmung der Teile während der Beschichtung insbesondere bei der bevorzugten Variante auf unter 100°C halten. Dies ist besonders vorteilhaft bei der Beschichtung von Halbleiterbauteilgehäusen.The thereby deposited average layer thickness D is between 5 nm ≤ D ≤ 300 nm, preferably is the average layer thickness D between 5 nm ≤ D ≤ 40 nm. As only a very thin layer is to be applied, the material costs are extremely low. It is possible the warming the parts during the Coating especially in the preferred variant to below Keep 100 ° C. This is particularly advantageous in the coating of semiconductor device housings.
Weiterhin hat die Flammpyrolyse den Vorteil, dass die Temperatur der Oberflächen der Halbleiterbauteilkomponenten nicht wesentlich zunimmt und unter geeigneten Prozessbedingungen vorzugsweise unter 100°C gehalten werden kann, zumal die Oberflächen nur für Sekunden mit der Flamme der Beschichtungsanlage in Berührung kommen.Farther The flame pyrolysis has the advantage that the temperature of the surfaces of the Semiconductor device components does not increase significantly and under suitable process conditions preferably kept below 100 ° C. can be, especially the surfaces only for Seconds with the flame of the coating system come into contact.
Mittels des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens kann eine deutliche Verbesserung der Haftung zwischen Duroplasten und Thermoplasten erzielt werden.through of the method according to the invention can a significant improvement in the adhesion between thermosets and Thermoplastics can be achieved.
Vorzugsweise wird als metallorganisches Molekül ein Tetramethylsilan und Derivaten des Tetramethylsilans vorzugsweise Tetraethylensilan, das eine Summenformel von Si(C2H5)4 aufweist, eingesetzt. Unter Zugabe von Propan mit der Summenformel C3H8 und Sauerstoff O2 werden auf den Oberflächen Silikate SiOx abgeschieden, während sich die flüchtigen Reaktionsprodukte Kohlendioxid und Wasser bilden und entweichen.Preferably, as the organometallic molecule, a tetramethylsilane and derivatives of tetramethylsilane, preferably tetraethylenesilane, the has a molecular formula of Si (C 2 H 5 ) 4 used. With the addition of propane with the empirical formula C 3 H 8 and oxygen O 2 , silicates SiO x are deposited on the surfaces, while the volatile reaction products form carbon dioxide and water and escape.
In einem bevorzugten Ausführungsbeispiel des Verfahrens werden zur flammpyrolytischen Beschichtung eine organometallische Verbindung eines Halbleiterelementes oder eines Metallelementes und Sauerstoff oder eine sauerstoffhaltige Verbindung mit einem Brenngas einer Beschichtungsanlage zugeführt, wobei sich Halbleiter- oder Metalloxide als Reaktionsprodukte der eingeleiteten Verbindungen auf den freiliegenden Oberflächen des Systemträgers allseitig abscheiden. Zur allseitigen Abschei dung werden vorzugsweise ein Ringbrenner eingesetzt, bei dem ein Flammenring erzeugt wird durch den der Systemträger geführt wird.In a preferred embodiment of the Process are the flame-pyrolytic coating an organometallic Connection of a semiconductor element or a metal element and oxygen or an oxygen-containing compound with a Fuel gas supplied to a coating system, wherein semiconductor or metal oxides as reaction products of the introduced compounds on the exposed surfaces of the system carrier on all sides deposit. For all-round Abschei tion are preferably a Ring burner used in which a flame ring is generated by the system carrier guided becomes.
In einer weiteren bevorzugten Durchführung des Verfahrens werden vor dem Beschichten der Oberfläche mit Haftvermittler freizuhaltende Oberflächenbereiche mit einer Schutzschicht bedeckt. Nach dem Beschichten kann diese Schutzschicht in vorteilhafter Weise zum Aufquellen gebracht werden, sodass sie mit der sich überlagernden Haftvermittlerschicht an den freizuhaltenden Oberflächenbereichen entfernt werden kann.In Another preferred implementation of the method before coating the surface surface areas to be freed with adhesion promoter with a protective layer covered. After coating, this protective layer can be used advantageously Ways to swell, so they overlap with the overlapping Adhesive layer on the surface areas to be kept clear can be removed.
In einer weiteren bevorzugten Durchführung des Verfahrens werden die freizuhaltenden Oberflächenbereiche erst nach dem Beschichten der Oberflächen mit Haftvermittler wieder freigelegt. Bei diesem Verfahren können vor dem Freilegen die Oberflächenbereiche geschützt werden, auf denen der Haftvermittler verbleiben soll. Das Freilegen kann mittels Laserabtrag oder mittels Plasmaätzverfahren erfolgen.In Another preferred implementation of the method the surface areas to be kept free only after coating the surfaces with adhesion promoter again exposed. In this method, before the exposure, the surface areas protected on which the bonding agent should remain. The exposure can be done by laser ablation or by plasma etching.
Die Erfindung betrifft auch ein Halbleiterbauteil mit einem Halbleiterchip und einem Kunststoffgehäuse, wobei das Kunststoffgehäuse ein Duroplast und eine Haftvermittlerschicht nach einem der Ausführungsbeispiele auf mindestens der Oberfläche des Duroplasts aufweist.The The invention also relates to a semiconductor device having a semiconductor chip and a plastic housing, the plastic case a thermoset and a primer layer according to one of the embodiments on at least the surface of the Duroplasts has.
Diese Ausführungsform hat den Vorteil, das ein Halbleiterbauteil mit einer Oberfläche, die gut mit einem Thermoplast haftet, bereitgestellt wird. Dies ist vorteilhaft, wenn das Halbleiterbauteil bei einem Kunden in einem thermoplastischen Gehäusehalter eingebaut oder in einer thermoplastischen Masse mit weiteren Bauteilen eingebettet werden soll. Dies kann wün schenswert sein, wenn im Betrieb das Bauteil zusätzlichen mechanischen Belastungen oder Umweltbelastungen ausgesetzt ist. Eine verbesserte Haftung und eine zuverlässigere Verbindung zwischen dem duroplastischen Gehäuses und der thermoplastischen Verkapslung ist somit gegeben.These embodiment has the advantage of having a semiconductor device with a surface that adheres well with a thermoplastic. This is advantageous when the semiconductor device at a customer in a thermoplastic case holder installed or in a thermoplastic mass with other components should be embedded. This may be desirable if in operation the component additional exposed to mechanical stress or environmental pollution. Improved adhesion and a more reliable connection between the thermoset housing and the thermoplastic encapsulation is thus given.
Vorzugsweise werden das Halbleitergehäuse und die Gehäusehalterung miteinander verbunden, so dass dadurch das Halbleiterbauteil einbaufähig gemacht wird.Preferably become the semiconductor package and the case mount connected to each other, thereby making the semiconductor device incorporable becomes.
Gemäß einem weiteren bevorzugten Ausführungsbeispiel findet der Verbindungsprozess zwischen dem Duroplast und dem Thermoplast in Form eines Verkapselungsprozesses bei Temperaturen oberhalb von 260 °C statt, wobei die Temperatur von 260 °C auch der maximalen Löttemperaturspitze für Leistungshalbleitergehäuse entspricht.According to one another preferred embodiment finds the bonding process between the thermoset and the thermoplastic in the form of an encapsulation process at temperatures above 260 ° C instead, the temperature of 260 ° C also the maximum soldering temperature peak for power semiconductor housing corresponds.
Gemäß noch einem weiteren bevorzugten Ausführungsbeispiel umfasst der Verkapselungsprozess die Verkapselung eines mit einem duroplastischen Material vergossenen Halbleiterbauteils mit einem thermoplastischen Material.According to one more another preferred embodiment The encapsulation process involves the encapsulation of one with a thermoset material potted semiconductor device with a thermoplastic material.
Die Erfindung wird anhand der Zeichnungen näher beschrieben.The The invention will be described in more detail with reference to the drawings.
Die
Haftvermittlerschicht
Oberhalb
dieses Bereichs zwischen 5 und 10 nm nimmt die Porosität der Haftvermittlerschicht
In
der Beschichtungsanlage wird das Tetraethylensilan Si(C2H5)4 bspw. mit einem
Propangas der Summenformel C3H8 und
mit Sauerstoff
Mit einer derartigen Flammpyrolyse wird auf den Oberflächen des Duroplastgehäuses eines Halbleiterbauteils eine SiOx-Schicht als Haftvermittlerschicht abgeschieden. Die notwendige mittlere Schichtdicke beträgt nur 5 bis 40 nm und kann bis zu 300 nm falls erforderlich abgeschieden werden. Eine Erhitzung des Halbleiterbauteils lässt sich durch einen periodischen Prozess der Beschichtung auf weniger als 100°C reduzieren. Die effektive Beflammungszeit liegt im Sekundenbereich. Mit einer derartigen Flammbeschichtung ist auch gleichzeitig eine Oberflächenreinigung und eine Oberflächenaktivierung verbunden, sodass sich die abgeschiedenen Silikate mit der Kunststoffoberfläche, in diesem Fall eine duroplastische Oberfläche, eng verbinden. Die frei gesetzten Reaktionsprodukte, wie Siliciumdioxid in amorpher Form, sowie das flüchtige Wasser und das flüchtige Kohlendioxid können weitestgehend umweltfreundlich entsorgt werden, indem die flüchtigen Komponenten in Wasser eingeleitet werden und das überschüssige Siliciumdioxid aufgefangen oder ausgefällt wird.With such a flame pyrolysis, an SiO x layer is deposited as a primer layer on the surfaces of the thermoset housing of a semiconductor device. The necessary average layer thickness is only 5 to 40 nm and can be deposited up to 300 nm if necessary. Heating of the semiconductor device can be reduced to less than 100 ° C by a periodic process of the coating. The effective flame time is in the range of seconds. With such a flame coating also a surface cleaning and a surface activation is simultaneously connected, so that the deposited silicates with the plastic surface, in this case a thermoset surface, closely connect. The released reaction products, such as silica in amorphous form, as well as the volatile water and the volatile carbon dioxide can be disposed of as environmentally friendly as possible by the volatile components are introduced into water and the excess silica is collected or precipitated.
Die
Außenoberflächen
Durch
die Haftvermittlerschicht
Diese
gleichmäßige Beschichtung
kann in einem Flammrohr oder mittels Hindurchziehen der fertig montierten
Halbleiterbauteile
Das
mit der Haftvermittlerschicht
- 11
- HalbleiterbauteilgehäuseThe semiconductor device housing
- 22
- Gehäusebehälterhousing containers
- 33
- Durolastisches materialDurolastisches material
- 44
- Oberflächesurface
- 55
- HaftvermittlerschichtBonding layer
- 66
- Porositätporosity
- 77
- thermoplastisches Materialthermoplastic material
- 88th
- FlachleiterrahmenLeadframe
- 99
- Chipinselchip island
- 1010
- Verbundcomposite
- 1111
- AußenflachleiterExternal leads
- 1212
- HalbleiterchipSemiconductor chip
- 1313
- Flachleiterflat Head
- 1414
- Bonddrahtbonding wire
- 1515
- 1616
- 1717
- Kontaktflächecontact area
- 1818
- ChipkontaktflächeChip contact surface
- 1919
- 2020
- HalbleiterbauteilSemiconductor device
Claims (22)
Priority Applications (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE102005025083A DE102005025083B4 (en) | 2005-05-30 | 2005-05-30 | Thermoplastic thermoset composite and method for bonding a thermoplastic material to a thermoset material |
PCT/DE2006/000724 WO2006128413A1 (en) | 2005-05-30 | 2006-04-26 | Thermoplastic-thermosetting composite and method for bonding a thermoplastic material to a thermosetting material |
US11/915,037 US8507080B2 (en) | 2005-05-30 | 2006-04-26 | Thermoplastic-thermosetting composite and method for bonding a thermoplastic material to a thermosetting material |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE102005025083A DE102005025083B4 (en) | 2005-05-30 | 2005-05-30 | Thermoplastic thermoset composite and method for bonding a thermoplastic material to a thermoset material |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
DE102005025083A1 DE102005025083A1 (en) | 2006-12-07 |
DE102005025083B4 true DE102005025083B4 (en) | 2007-05-24 |
Family
ID=36838670
Family Applications (1)
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DE102005025083A Expired - Fee Related DE102005025083B4 (en) | 2005-05-30 | 2005-05-30 | Thermoplastic thermoset composite and method for bonding a thermoplastic material to a thermoset material |
Country Status (3)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US8507080B2 (en) |
DE (1) | DE102005025083B4 (en) |
WO (1) | WO2006128413A1 (en) |
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
US20090280314A1 (en) | 2009-11-12 |
DE102005025083A1 (en) | 2006-12-07 |
WO2006128413A1 (en) | 2006-12-07 |
US8507080B2 (en) | 2013-08-13 |
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