DE102005016395B4 - Rußimpedanzsensor - Google Patents
Rußimpedanzsensor Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- DE102005016395B4 DE102005016395B4 DE200510016395 DE102005016395A DE102005016395B4 DE 102005016395 B4 DE102005016395 B4 DE 102005016395B4 DE 200510016395 DE200510016395 DE 200510016395 DE 102005016395 A DE102005016395 A DE 102005016395A DE 102005016395 B4 DE102005016395 B4 DE 102005016395B4
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- Prior art keywords
- soot
- electrodes
- impedance sensor
- resistance
- bridge
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- 239000004071 soot Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 44
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 238000004804 winding Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 claims abstract 2
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 18
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000006229 carbon black Substances 0.000 claims 2
- 239000012212 insulator Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000000151 deposition Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 5
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 230000035945 sensitivity Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000137 annealing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000033228 biological regulation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009529 body temperature measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005253 cladding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010292 electrical insulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000017525 heat dissipation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000615 nonconductor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000004544 sputter deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten Chemical compound [W] WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N15/00—Investigating characteristics of particles; Investigating permeability, pore-volume or surface-area of porous materials
- G01N15/06—Investigating concentration of particle suspensions
- G01N15/0656—Investigating concentration of particle suspensions using electric, e.g. electrostatic methods or magnetic methods
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N2560/00—Exhaust systems with means for detecting or measuring exhaust gas components or characteristics
- F01N2560/05—Exhaust systems with means for detecting or measuring exhaust gas components or characteristics the means being a particulate sensor
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N15/00—Investigating characteristics of particles; Investigating permeability, pore-volume or surface-area of porous materials
- G01N15/06—Investigating concentration of particle suspensions
- G01N15/0606—Investigating concentration of particle suspensions by collecting particles on a support
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Dispersion Chemistry (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
- Biochemistry (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Immunology (AREA)
- Pathology (AREA)
- Investigating Or Analyzing Materials By The Use Of Electric Means (AREA)
- Combined Controls Of Internal Combustion Engines (AREA)
Abstract
Rußimpedanzsensor zur Bestimmung von in einem Abgasstrom enthaltenen Rußpartikeln im Abgasstrom eines Dieselmotors, umfassend: ein Keramikrohr, auf dem zwei Elektroden, die ein leitendes Material mit einem temperaturabhängigen Widerstandstemperaturkoeffizienten aufweisen, in einer bifilaren Wicklung in geringem Abstand der Wicklungen aufgebracht sind, wobei die Elektroden derart verschaltet sind, dass bei ausreichender Ablagerung von Rußpartikeln zwischen den Elektroden ein ohmscher Widerstand gemessen werden kann, und wobei die Elektroden derart verschaltet sind, dass sie durch Kurzschließen auf eine Temperatur aufgeheizt werden können, bei der die Rußablagerungen verbrennen.Soot impedance sensor for determining soot particles contained in an exhaust gas flow in the exhaust gas flow of a diesel engine, comprising: a ceramic tube on which two electrodes, which have a conductive material with a temperature-dependent resistance temperature coefficient, are applied in a bifilar winding at a small distance from the windings, the electrodes in such a way are connected so that if there is sufficient deposit of soot particles between the electrodes, an ohmic resistance can be measured, and the electrodes are connected in such a way that they can be heated by short-circuiting to a temperature at which the soot deposits burn.
Description
Zur Vermeidung von Rußablagerungen auf den Elektrodenhalterungen wird ein ca. 10 [mm] langer Bereich der Elektrodenhalter mit Hilfe einer Widerstandskeramik oder Widerstandsheizwicklung auf ca. 200 [°C] oder höher erwärmt. Das bisher beschriebene Verfahren ist als Patent Nr.
Eine Verbesserung der Heizung wird durch die Verwendung eines Heizelementes mit stark ausgeprägtem positiven Widerstandstemperaturkoeffizienten, z. B. Nickeldraht, der temperaturfest ist und nicht oxidiert. Diese elektrische Eigenschaft wird genutzt, um mit Hilfe einer Regelung die Temperatur des Drahtes auf einer konstanten Temperatur von z. B. 250 [°C] oder höher zu halten. Diese Maßnahme ist erforderlich, da der Heizung durch die unterschiedlichen Strömungsgeschwindigkeiten und Temperaturen des Abgases Wärme entzogen wird und damit die erforderliche Temperatur von 250 [°C] und höher sichergestellt werden kann.An improvement of the heating is through the use of a heating element with a strong positive resistance temperature coefficient, z. B. nickel wire, which is temperature resistant and not oxidized. This electrical property is used to control the temperature of the wire at a constant temperature of e.g. B. 250 [° C] or higher. This measure is necessary because the heating is removed by the different flow rates and temperatures of the exhaust heat and thus the required temperature of 250 [° C] and higher can be ensured.
Diese regelungstechnische Einrichtung wird gleichzeitig genutzt, um den Abgasmassenstrom zu ermitteln, da der Strom durch das Heizelement proportional zur Wärmeableitung ist. Hierbei ist Voraussetzung, dass das Heizelement eine höhere Temperatur als das Abgas besitzt. Gegebenenfalls muss ein separater Sensor, bestehend aus einem dünnen Nickel- oder Wolframdraht, in die Strömung eingebracht werden, um diese Bedingung zu erfüllen. Zur Ermittlung des Abgasmassenstroms ist zusätzlich eine Temperaturmessung erforderlich, die mit Hilfe derselben Schaltung verwirklicht wird, wobei der Stromfluss durch den Sensordraht derart eingestellt werden muss, dass der Sensordraht eine niedrigere Temperatur einnimmt als das Abgas.This control device is used simultaneously to determine the exhaust gas mass flow, since the current through the heating element is proportional to the heat dissipation. In this case, it is a prerequisite that the heating element has a higher temperature than the exhaust gas. If necessary, a separate sensor, consisting of a thin nickel or tungsten wire, must be introduced into the flow to meet this condition. To determine the exhaust gas mass flow in addition a temperature measurement is required, which is realized by means of the same circuit, wherein the current flow through the sensor wire must be adjusted such that the sensor wire occupies a lower temperature than the exhaust gas.
Aufgabe der Erfindung ist es, einen verbesserten Rußimpedanzsensor bereitzustellen. Diese Aufgabe wird gelöst durch die Gegenstände der Ansprüche 1 und 4.The object of the invention is to provide an improved soot impedance sensor. This object is solved by the subject matter of
Der erfindungsgemäße Gegenstand ist ein Impedanzsensor in verschiedenen Varianten, der eine Messung der Widerstandsänderung durch den auf ihm abgelagerten Russ ermöglicht. Diese Widerstandsänderung und zusätzlich das Differential bzw. der Gradient dieser Widerstandsänderung werden, unter Einbeziehung der Abgasgeschwindigkeit, als Russkonzentration in [mg/m3] ausgewertet. Wenn die Abgasgeschwindigkeit und Abgastemperatur nicht berücksichtigt werden, eignet sich der Sensor zur Bestimmung der gesamten Russmasse in [g], die der Motor emittiert. Damit besteht z. B. die Möglichkeit, den Russeintrag in ein Russfilter zu bestimmen, um zu beurteilen, wann die Reinigung des Filters eingeleitet werden muss.
In
Wenn anstatt der Halbbrücke eine Vollbrücke als Sensorelement eingesetzt wird, verdoppelt sich das Messergebnis. Zwei Brückenwiderstände werden durch eine isolierende Oberflächenbeschichtung passiviert, während die anderen beiden Widerstände messtechnisch aktiv sind.If a full bridge is used as the sensor element instead of the half bridge, the measurement result doubles. Two bridge resistors are passivated by an insulating surface coating, while the other two resistors are metrologically active.
Die Messempfindlichkeit des Impedanzsensors wird maßgeblich von der Form und der Anzahl der Messelektroden sowie des Spaltes zwischen den Elektroden beeinflusst. Bei der Ablagerung von Russpartikeln bildet jede Russbrücke zwischen den Elektroden einen eigenständigen Widerstand. Je größer die Länge des Spaltes zwischen den Elektroden ist, um so mehr Russwiderstandsbrücken entstehen, d. h. es erfolgt eine fortlaufende Parallelschaltung von Widerständen. Nach dem Gesetz der Parallelschaltung von Widerständen kann mit einer Verlängerung des Spaltes nur eine vernachlässigbar geringe Erhöhung der Messempfindlichkeit erreicht werden. Deshalb werden kurze Spaltlängen von ca. 10 [mm) Länge bevorzugt und die Anzahl der Messelektroden bzw. der Spalte wesentlich erhöht.
Die beschriebene Elektrodenkombination kann nur dann sinnvoll eingesetzt werden, wenn, wie in
Claims (11)
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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DE200510016395 DE102005016395B4 (en) | 2005-04-18 | 2005-04-18 | Rußimpedanzsensor |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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DE200510016395 DE102005016395B4 (en) | 2005-04-18 | 2005-04-18 | Rußimpedanzsensor |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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DE102005016395A1 DE102005016395A1 (en) | 2006-10-19 |
DE102005016395B4 true DE102005016395B4 (en) | 2012-08-23 |
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DE200510016395 Expired - Fee Related DE102005016395B4 (en) | 2005-04-18 | 2005-04-18 | Rußimpedanzsensor |
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Families Citing this family (8)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP2131016A4 (en) * | 2007-03-28 | 2014-07-02 | Ngk Insulators Ltd | Impedance measuring instrument and impedance measuring method for fine particle collector |
EP2193362A2 (en) | 2007-10-01 | 2010-06-09 | Hauser, Andreas | Carbon black charge sensor |
DE102008035561A1 (en) | 2008-07-30 | 2010-02-04 | Emitec Gesellschaft Für Emissionstechnologie Mbh | Method for operating a device comprising at least one electrically heatable honeycomb body |
US7891232B2 (en) * | 2008-11-21 | 2011-02-22 | Board Of Regents, The University Of Texas System | Rigid particulate matter sensor |
DE102009000318A1 (en) * | 2009-01-20 | 2010-07-22 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | particle sensor |
DE202009004253U1 (en) | 2009-03-31 | 2010-08-19 | Hauser, Andreas, Dipl.-Ing. | Device for detecting particles contained in a gas stream |
US10705002B2 (en) | 2014-12-23 | 2020-07-07 | Heraeus Nexensos Gmbh | Sensor for detecting electrically conductive and/or polarizable particles and method for adjusting such a sensor |
DE102016107888A1 (en) * | 2016-04-28 | 2017-11-02 | Heraeus Sensor Technology Gmbh | Sensor for detecting electrically conductive and / or polarisable particles, sensor system, method for operating a sensor and use of such a sensor |
Citations (8)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE3304548A1 (en) * | 1983-02-10 | 1984-08-16 | Robert Bosch Gmbh, 7000 Stuttgart | METHOD AND DEVICE FOR MEASURING THE CONTENT OF CONDUCTIVE PARTICLES IN GASES |
JPS60123757A (en) * | 1983-12-07 | 1985-07-02 | Ngk Spark Plug Co Ltd | Smoke sensor |
JPS61186846A (en) * | 1985-02-14 | 1986-08-20 | Nec Corp | Conductive dust sensor |
US5247827A (en) * | 1992-04-14 | 1993-09-28 | Bell Communications Research, Inc. | Resistive measurement of airborne contaminants |
DE19536705A1 (en) * | 1995-09-30 | 1997-04-03 | Guenther Prof Dr Ing Hauser | Method for measuring particles in gas flow e.g. vehicle exhaust |
DE19817402C1 (en) * | 1998-04-20 | 1999-09-30 | Logistikzentrum Inst Fuer Mate | Sensor device for quantitative evaluation of particles suspended in gas flow e.g. smoke particles in diesel engine exhaust gas |
FR2805347A1 (en) * | 2000-02-22 | 2001-08-24 | Inst Francais Du Petrole | Unit monitoring electrically-conductive particles in gas flow, e.g. soot in diesel exhaust, includes measurement system for electrical resistance of deposited particles |
DE10133384A1 (en) * | 2001-07-10 | 2003-01-30 | Bosch Gmbh Robert | Particle detection sensor and method for checking its function |
-
2005
- 2005-04-18 DE DE200510016395 patent/DE102005016395B4/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Patent Citations (8)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE3304548A1 (en) * | 1983-02-10 | 1984-08-16 | Robert Bosch Gmbh, 7000 Stuttgart | METHOD AND DEVICE FOR MEASURING THE CONTENT OF CONDUCTIVE PARTICLES IN GASES |
JPS60123757A (en) * | 1983-12-07 | 1985-07-02 | Ngk Spark Plug Co Ltd | Smoke sensor |
JPS61186846A (en) * | 1985-02-14 | 1986-08-20 | Nec Corp | Conductive dust sensor |
US5247827A (en) * | 1992-04-14 | 1993-09-28 | Bell Communications Research, Inc. | Resistive measurement of airborne contaminants |
DE19536705A1 (en) * | 1995-09-30 | 1997-04-03 | Guenther Prof Dr Ing Hauser | Method for measuring particles in gas flow e.g. vehicle exhaust |
DE19817402C1 (en) * | 1998-04-20 | 1999-09-30 | Logistikzentrum Inst Fuer Mate | Sensor device for quantitative evaluation of particles suspended in gas flow e.g. smoke particles in diesel engine exhaust gas |
FR2805347A1 (en) * | 2000-02-22 | 2001-08-24 | Inst Francais Du Petrole | Unit monitoring electrically-conductive particles in gas flow, e.g. soot in diesel exhaust, includes measurement system for electrical resistance of deposited particles |
DE10133384A1 (en) * | 2001-07-10 | 2003-01-30 | Bosch Gmbh Robert | Particle detection sensor and method for checking its function |
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Publication number | Publication date |
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DE102005016395A1 (en) | 2006-10-19 |
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OP8 | Request for examination as to paragraph 44 patent law | ||
8122 | Nonbinding interest in granting licenses declared | ||
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Owner name: HAUSER, ANDREAS, DIPL.-ING., 52062 AACHEN, DE |
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R016 | Response to examination communication | ||
R018 | Grant decision by examination section/examining division | ||
R020 | Patent grant now final |
Effective date: 20121124 |
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R119 | Application deemed withdrawn, or ip right lapsed, due to non-payment of renewal fee |