DE102005007885A1 - Method for extracting carotenoid from damp biomasses, comprises milling and moisture evaporating the biomass; mixing the obtained product with extracting agents of an oil or a fat; and thermally treating and extracting the carotenoid - Google Patents

Abstract

Method for extracting carotenoid from damp biomasses (5), comprises milling and moisture evaporating the biomass; mixing the obtained product with extracting agents (6) of an oil or a fat; and thermally treating and extracting the carotenoid under low pressure (preferably 400-15 mbar) at 150 (preferably 130)[deg]C. An independent claim is also included for a device for the extracting carotenoid from damp biomasses, comprising an extraction container (for mixing and thermally treating the damp biomass with the extracting agent) exists as vacuum extractor of hermetically terminated low pressure chamber with solid pressure lockable opening for the supplement of damp biomass, the extracting agent and the extraction components, where the low pressure chamber with agent is for the production and maintenance of the low pressure compounds, mechanically milling the damp biomass, and heating the low pressure chamber in the vacuum of 150 (preferably 130)[deg]C.

Description

The The present invention relates to a method and an apparatus for the extraction of carotenoids, such as β-carotene from aqueous bacteria, fungi, plant material or algal biomasses.

carotenoids can be found in nature, for example, in carrots, peppers, Rosehips, flowers of flowering plants, Pigments, in animals as well as in certain microorganisms. You are, chemically, hydrocarbons, their specific coloration on those in the molecule included big ones Number of double bonds is due (H. Schweppe: Natural Dyes, in: Ullmann Encyclopedia of technical chemistry, 1976, 4th ed. 11th ed., pp. 100 to 107, Verlag Chemie Weinheim).

Such Carotenoids, especially β-carotene, have gained increasing economic importance in recent years. For example, β-carotene used as a dye and as an antioxidant and radical scavenger. Also finds because of its function of acting as provitamin A, use in the food industry and serves as a food supplement or as a diet Additive. The use in sunscreen is known. The carotenoids include α-, β- and γ-carotene, Lutein, lycopene, rubixanthin, violaxanthin, neoxanthine, cryptoxanthin, Flavoxanthin, fucoxanthinol, phytofluene and phytoin, which are mainly be extracted from plant material (B. Watzl, A. Bub: Carotinide, Nutritional look around 48 (2001), No. 2; G. Metz: Phytamins - Herbal Food for Prevention PZ Series No. 13 (2001), Govi Verlag; U. Gröber: Orthomolecular Medicine, 2000, Scientific Publishing Company Stuttgart; G. Schiller, K. Hiller: pharmaceutical drugs, 4th ed. 1999, Spektrum Akademischer Verlag).

β-carotene is now synthetically produced in a relatively inexpensive manner. Nevertheless, the extraction of "natural" β-carotene from biological sources is also possible still great Meaning, because on the consumer market not seldom products biological Origin are preferred. natural Sources are hydrous biomass, such as carrots, Eleutherococcus root, Ivy leaves, nettle leaves, alfalfa flour Elderberries, dandelion leaves, grasses, verbena, Arnica flowers, black Pumpkin seed, Curly leaf parsley, rose hip fruit, goldenrod, Bladderwrack (dried), sea-buckthorn berries, figs or algae cultures, with extractants, such as chlorinated hydrocarbons, petroleum ether or aromatic solvents extracted to dissolve the carotenoids.

adversely is that only extraction agents may be used, the after the European Extractants Regulation are allowed. These have however for the mentioned consumer group the disadvantage that they are partially unnatural origin and sometimes even environmentally hazardous.

New effective manufacturing processes for carotenoids are based on biotechnical processes in which in fermentors certain microorganisms, including also mushrooms, to be fermented. (Sakayu Shimizu: Vitamins and Related Compounds, in: Microbial Productions, Special Processes, Biotechnology 2nd Edition (Volume 10), p. 331, Edited by Rehm, Hans-Jürgen / Reed, Gerald / washer, Alfred / Stadler, Peter; 2nd edition - May 2001, ISBN 3-527-28320-X - Wiley-VCH, Weinheim).

In while The fermentation formed hydrous biomass are the carotenoids in a solid form. In general, the hydrous Biomass under supply dried thermal energy and then with extractants extracted. The dry biomass can, for example, up to 5% β-carotene contain.

From Disadvantage is that by the procedure of drying the biomass the β-carotene included in it so encloses or encapsulates, so that the access of the extractant strong is hampered.

Of the increasingly ecological In addition, a focused consumer market favors β-carotene, which is not only natural Starting materials comes, but to its extraction even beyond exclusively natural Auxiliaries and / or extractants or auxiliaries are used, not only harmless are and their later Use in food is nothing contrary, but also naturally Origin are. Therefore, vegetable and also animal oils and fats proposed for extraction, which also dissolve β-carotene very well. (H. Schweppe, dyes, natural, in: Ullmann Encyclopaedia of technical chemistry, 1976, 4th ed., 11th vol., pp. 100 to 107, Verlag Chemie Weinheim,).

It It is known that fats and oils very good release properties for carotenoids and that the vegetable derived oils contain up to 0.2% carotenoids can contain (A. Thomas: Fats and oils, in: Ullmann Encyclopaedia of Industrial Chemistry, 1976, 4th ed., 11th ed., p. 461, publisher Chemistry Weinheim).

In the extraction of hydrous biomass with a water content up to 80% water, the extraction is on the one hand by the penetration barrier Heener cell walls as well as by the formation of phase boundaries between oil and water difficult. To DE 43 42 798 or US 4,680,314 β-carotene is obtained directly from the highly concentrated salt and water-containing algae culture by extraction with edible oil and according to CN 1,059,716 by extraction with vegetable oils at elevated temperatures. The latter invention proposes the use of colloid mills to destroy the cell walls. However, this effort is not or hardly suitable for the industrial scale.

The cell walls of fungi represent a much stronger penetration barrier compared to the algal cell walls due to the incorporated therein chitin. Therefore, the application of extremely strong shear forces proposed to break the phase boundaries or penetration barriers and to increase the extraction rate ( ES 20 69 507 ). It forms an oil solution with β-carotene to about 2%. Also by the application of oil / water microemulsions is after EP 08 66 117 and RU 2 179 401 tries to improve the extraction efficiency. As an emulsifier partially saponified Glyzerinfettsäureester be used.

Out the oil extracts the β-carotene is going through Crystallization or by conversion of the oil into a water-soluble soap won. On crystallization is disadvantageous that the solubility differences are relatively low at different temperatures. That's how it is dissolved β-carotene, too if the solution to temperatures up to 80 ° C heated became low.

The property right GB 62 88 79 treats the extraction of carotenoids from oils with a non-oil solvent. In this case, the oil component is saponified by adding an aqueous liquor and the carotenoids are extracted from the resulting soap with an unspecified extractant. The temperature of 80 ° C should not be exceeded because under the conditions of alkaline saponification, the thermal instability of β-carotene increases sharply. A temperature of below 80 ° C is set by a dissipation of the reaction heat is achieved by reduced pressure during saponification with aqueous alkalis by the evaporation of water. The pressure reduction is used exclusively for temperature stabilization of the process. It can be deduced that in the presence of air extraction temperatures of 40 ° C to 70 ° C (CN 1,059,715) or 80 ° C (CN 1,059,716) should not be exceeded. The oxidative destruction of β-carotene reduces the extraction yield and quality. It is therefore recommended to carry out the extraction of carotenoids under an inert gas (CN 1,091,126). However, carrying out the extraction under complete protection with a protective gas requires a high process cost.

Acetic acid esters with C1 to C4 alcohols are considered to be poor extractants. To DE 19 53 12 54 However, in the case of an addition of 1% to 25% of vegetable oils to the esters with these alcohols, the solubility of the β-carotene at high temperatures increases very much. With these mixtures, a previously dried biomass can be extracted.

To WO 01 98 444 the carotenoids are obtained directly from the biomasses by a technically relatively complicated high-vacuum distillation.

to Use of vegetable oils as extractant for Carotenoids require the disturbing water content of fungal biomass first by a drying process to remove and then the cell walls mechanically unlock, before an extraction with the oil becomes possible. However, drying as a separately carried out process is a cost-intensive process Operation is that is technically and energetically complex. A particular disadvantage is that during drying by the admission of air a temperature-increasing oxidative destruction of β-carotene entry. During extraction, the biomass-oil mixture is heated once more, to accelerate the extraction and so the dissolved amount of β-carotene to increase. Both processes lead however to an oxidative degradation of the extraction material.

Of the The invention is therefore based on the object of a technically simple and low-cost as well as cost-effective extraction process with high extraction yield and quality of β-carotene and other carotenoids or carotenoid mixtures from wet biomasses, bypassing the disadvantages to describe known method.

According to the invention The moist biomass is not always first by drying and subsequent comminution for the Extraction process prepared for carotenoid, but the Removal of the water without expensive separate drying, overcoming and destruction the phase boundaries and penetration barriers of the biomass by crushing, mixing the biomass with natural fats or oils as Extracting agent and the implementation the extraction at higher Temperatures are preferably in a single technical process step summarized as well as at negative pressure in a vacuum extractor designated device performed.

Surprised was found to be under the influence of vacuum, elevated temperature and more permanent feed of mechanical energy for crushing and mixing a distinct increased carotenoid amount in solution can be brought. For example, a much higher extraction rate occurs of β-carotene in the oil phase on. As it turns out, in the found extraction conditions under vacuum in the temperature range up to preferably 130 ° C and the Extraction result essentially not by those of the professional world summoned and the extraction yield and quality limiting oxidation risk of the carotenoid. Rather, it is possible by the invention, a relatively aufwandgeringen and to create a technologically well-controlled extraction process, in which the penetration barriers and phase boundaries of the wet biomass for the Extractants harmless oil or fat procedurally very well overcome can.

The Biomass is separated by separation in a known manner prior to extraction or filtration of adhering or excess water freed. Of the average moisture content of the so intended for extraction Biomass is usually 70% to 90% after this step %. This moist biomass is obtained with 2 to 8 parts by weight of oil or fat on the dry biomass, offset. For this purpose she will be in the proposed and introduced as said vacuum extractor device introduced as well as there, preferably in a single process step under intensively comminuted said pressure and temperature conditions, mixed with the extractant and treated for extraction. It is useful under Extraction of the resulting water vapor via the vacuum-generating system and more permanent feed mechanical energy for the mixing and crushing (for example by a per se known stirring device) as well as under feeder thermal energy the temperature at 40 ° C to 130 ° C, with an increasing tendency preferably at 80 ° C up to 100 ° C to increase. The moisture content of the biomass is thereby in an evaporation phase continuously over the extracted gas stream from the vacuum generating system from the vacuum extractor away. The vacuum becomes after the extensive removal of the water usually maintained in the extraction phase. By the vacuum excludes the access of atmospheric oxygen, and also at temperatures of over 80 ° C in itself inhibited oxidative processes inhibited.

It has proved to be advantageous when the vacuum at the end of extraction only after cooling the Approach to a temperature of about 40 ° C, in which carotenoids only are still slightly sensitive to oxygen, is lifted. In addition is it also possible the said oxidative processes in the extraction material by gassing by, for example, an inert gas such as nitrogen in the vacuum extractor is initiated.

In an embodiment of the proposed device, the wet biomass is a as a nozzle designed opening according to the principle of high pressure relaxation homogenizer in the vacuum extractor fed under pressure to 1200 bar. By entering the hot, Under vacuum vacuum extractor it comes to a fast Evaporation of water in the wet biomass. This leads to extreme Counterparts in the biomass, which alone already a large burst of the Penetration barriers causes.

When Extractants can in principle all known vegetable oils, such as rapeseed, sunflower, Corn or soy, cottonseed or peanut oil. Also drying oils, like Linseed oil, can Find use. Furthermore, fats, tears and tallow are usable, if they are among the chosen ones Extraction temperatures liquid are and do not thermally decompose.

When Comparison was an extraction with rapeseed oil both according to the known Method under normal pressure conditions (no vacuum) and continuous mixing and thermal treatment as well as according to the inventive method Temperatures of 75 ° C carried out. In the former case, only negligible amounts of β-carotene could be obtained through the oil be released from the biomass. While in the treatment according to the invention already about 60% of the β-carotene were solved. At further temperature increase with the aim to remove the water without vacuum, occurred without vacuum at temperatures above 80 ° C the said increasing thermal decomposition of β-carotene.

The proposed device, referred to as a vacuum extractor, is formed by a hermetically sealed vacuum chamber with pressure-tight closable openings for the addition of the wet biomass and the extractant and for the extraction of the extraction components. The vacuum extractor communicates with means for generating and maintaining the negative pressure, for example with a vacuum pump known per se. In addition, the vacuum extractor contains means for intensive mechanical comminution of the wet biomass and for mixing with the extractant. In the dependent claims, for example, fast rotating cutting blade, a rotating worm shaft whose turns for a crushing and mixing effect z. B. close to the housing wall or other limitation concern, or a variety of special grinding media, such as balls of ceramic or metal with diameters between 0.1 cm and 10 cm, listed. It is also possible to use magnetic grinding media which can be separated from the extract together with abrasion by applying a magnetic field. By kinetic energy, which can be introduced in a variety of ways and in an embodiment of the vacuum extractor by a rotation thereof about a generally horizontally mounted axis (rotary tube principle or rotary evaporator principle) or by introducing kinetic energy located between the grinding media energy transfer in Shape of rotary bodies, which allow by their shape as in the Zellaufschlussrührwerks ball mills a conversion of rotational movement, or vibrator whose movements is transmitted to the grinding media, there is a crushing and possibly mixing the biomass.

In addition, the vacuum extractor contains Means, for example heat transfer surfaces a tempering device for the feeder and exhaustion of heat, to extract the biomass to be extracted with the extractant the said vacuum to temperatures up to 150 ° C, preferably up to 130 ° C and over it to heat the previous 'limit temperature' of 80 ° C. The use of known means (controls and sensors) for temperature control or regulation is advantageous.

The Vacuum in the vacuum chamber is chosen so that the humidity the biomass can evaporate under the respective temperature conditions. As a rule, the vacuum pressure is chosen as low as possible in this way the access of oxygen is prevented. Sun sinks in dependence of the performance of the vacuum generating system (vacuum pump) in one embodiment while the evaporation phase of the vacuum from about 400 mbar to about 15 to 30 mbar during the extraction phase.

Further Extraction can also inhibit the oxidation of the carotenoid carried out under inert gas be, with the vacuum extractor corresponding elements for initiation of carbon dioxide or nitrogen, for example.

It is also conceivable, the vacuum extractor in the bottom area with a tightly closed filter to provide the separation with the completion of the extraction the biomass is from the oil phase. The filter stops Here, the biomass to be separated in the vacuum extractor back.

The Vacuum extractors according to the invention corresponding devices are for the production of carotenoids from wet biomasses not known, although for the realization of Sub-steps for the intensive crushing or milling and mixing of the biomass, for temperature control and for generating and maintaining negative pressure each diverse measures known per se can be taken. In its entirety to carry the method according to the invention lead this Sub-steps, as well as the proposed vacuum extractor, for the extraction Hydrophobic ingredients from biomasses with oils or fats surprising to the aforementioned results. It is particularly advantageous that Moisture removal of the biomass (no separate drying required) and the extraction process in a single process step and can be performed in one and the same device, wherein the extraction process is carried out in a simple and easy to control manner and the vacuum extractor for process implementation relatively aufgergering can be realized and used. It is equally advantageous that due to the vacuum and the comparatively high process temperature a much higher one Extraction yield of carotenoid (β-carotene) given without loss of quality is.

The Invention will be described below with reference to two in the drawing embodiments to the basic structure of the vacuum extractor as well as a laboratory Method example closer explained become.

It demonstrate:

1 : Schematic representation of a vacuum extractor based on a stirred reactor

2 : schematic representation of a vacuum extractor based on a rotary tube reactor

1 shows the schematically illustrated basic structure of a vacuum extractor based on a stirred reactor 1 , This is with a tightly closable lid 2 upwards and with a likewise tightly closable lid 3 each hermetically coverable downwards. The lid at the bottom 3 can be used to empty the stirred reactor 1 to be used. For example, it closes one in the bottom of the stirred reactor 1 incorporated filter 4 which retains the biomass remaining after the extraction process of the corotinoid during emptying.

An intended for extraction wet biomass 5 and an extractant 6 are either individually or already premixed on a feed pump 7 and one in the lid 2 located nozzle 8th to increase the pressure in the stirred reactor 1 sprayed or injected so that inside the stirred reactor 1 a mixture 9 the wet biomass 5 with the extractant 6 accumulates.

Through the lid 2 Through is mechanical energy via a stirrer shaft 10 and by these rotary driven knives 11 as a comminution and agitator on the aforementioned and in the lower part of the stirred reactor 1 present mixture 9 transfer. By the fast rotating knives 11 will be the mix 9 crushed and (further) mixed.

The temperature in the stirred reactor 1 is via heat exchangers 12 adjusted by means of per se known and not shown for reasons of clarity heat contact surfaces and temperature control. Through a vacuum pump 13 is in the stirred reactor 1 creates a negative pressure and air 14 (with evolved by evaporation of water vapor 15 ) from the stirred reactor 1 away.

2 shows the schematically illustrated basic structure of a vacuum extractor, which is arranged on a horizontally or slightly inclined, possibly also pivotable rotary tube reactor 16 based, which is about an axis 17 rotates. In the rotary tube reactor 16 are grinding media 18 during rotation of the rotary tube reactor 16 a mixture 19 from the wet biomass for extraction and an extractant (comparable to the mixture 9 of the embodiment according to 1 ) and thereby mechanically comminute and (further) mix. On the jacket of the rotary kiln reactor 16 are heat exchange surfaces 20 , about which the temperature of the rotary tube reactor 16 he follows. Through in the jacket or in the end faces of the rotary tube reactor 16 located and tightly closable openings 21 . 22 becomes the rotary tube reactor 16 filled and emptied. The vacuum pump 13 in turn serves to generate the negative pressure in the (vacuum extractor) and out of this air 14 (with evolved by evaporation of water vapor 15 ) to remove. The vacuum pump 13 is in this embodiment via a sliding coupling known per se 23 to the front of the rotary tube reactor 16 coupled. It would also be conceivable (not shown in the drawing) a vacuum generation on the axis 17 of the rotary tube reactor 16 ,

Laboratory method example:

By Separation becomes the wet biomass of a microorganism of the species Blakeslea trispora from fermentatively prepared culture solution via a centrifuge separated. There are 800 g of water-containing, β-carotene moist biomass containing 4% β-carotene (w / w) received.

The Biomass turns into a thick-walled 10 l round bottom flask one by itself known glass rotary evaporator washed with 2000 g Pebbles as grinding media brought in. The pebbles have a diameter in the range from 1 cm to 3 cm. Subsequently be 3.01 rape oil added as extractant and the suspension is under permanent Rotate the flask at 40 rpm in a water bath to produce and maintaining a vacuum by evacuating the gas phase with simultaneous inflow of little nitrogen gas as inert gas in the 10 l round bottom flask in Course of 7 hours first for 4 hours at 50 ° C and subsequently to temperatures around 100 ° C heated. The extracted air or inert gas is passed through together with the water vapor a reflux condenser as Condenser sucked. Here condenses the water and the water-containing Fraction is collected in the receiver of the rotary evaporator. The remaining in 10 l round bottom flask and by dissolved β-carotene deep red colored oil will after cooling down separated from the biomass by filtration. The extract contains 1.8 g / l of β-carotene. The extraction is done with fresh oil four times over an extraction period of every 1.5 hours repeated. The biomass contains afterwards no significant amounts of β-carotene more. The extracted β-carotene is not affected by oxidation in its quality.

1

stirred reactor

2, 3

cover

4

filter

5

wet biomass

6

extracting agent

7

feed pump

8th

jet

9

mixture (Wet biomass 5 and extractant 6)

10

agitator shaft

11

knife

12

heat exchangers

13

vacuum pump

14

air

15

Steam

16

Rotary reactor

17

axis

18

grinding media

19

mixture (Wet biomass and extractant)

20

Heat exchange surface

21 22

opening

23

slip clutch

Claims (26)

Method and apparatus for extracting carotenoids from wet biomasses, in which the biomass is subjected to moisture vaporization and comminuted, mixed with an oil or fat as extractant and thermally treated, characterized in that the comminution and moisture evaporation of the biomass, their mixing with the extractant and the extraction of the carotenoids under the action of reduced pressure, preferably in the range of 400 mbar and 15 mbar, and at temperatures up to a maximum of 150 ° C, preferably up to 130 ° C, is performed. Method according to claim 1, characterized in that the crushing and moisture evaporation the biomass, their mixture with the extractant and the Extraction of the carotenoids essentially in a single process step under the influence of negative pressure. Method according to claim 1, characterized in that temperature-stable as extractant hydrophobic solvents, especially natural fats and oils be used. Method according to claim 1, characterized in that the height of the negative pressure in the range between 400 mbar and 15 mbar as well as the temperature in the range between 40 ° C and 130 ° C respectively so chosen be that moisture of the biomass for a carotenoid tripping with high extraction yield and quality completely evaporated. Method according to claim 1, characterized in that for the extraction of the carotenoid intended moist biomass from fungal cultures, such as Blakeslea trispora, after separation by separation or filtration becomes. Method according to claim 1, characterized in that for the extraction of the carotenoid intended wet biomass from algae, for example from Dunaniella salina, after separation by separation or filtration becomes. Method according to claim 1, characterized in that for the extraction of the carotenoid intended wet biomass of plant material, for example carrots, after separation by separation or filtration. Method according to claim 1, characterized in that for the extraction of the carotenoid wet biomass has a moisture content of less than 90 % (w / w). Method according to claim 3, characterized in that as extractant to the wet biomass vegetable oils, such as rapeseed, sunflower, corn germ or soybean, cottonseed or peanut oil, with a weight proportion between 2% and 8%, based on the dry biomass, is added. Method according to claim 3, characterized in that as extractant to the wet biomass in the extraction conditions liquid and decomposition-resistant fats, Trane or tallow containing between 2% and 8% by weight, based on the dry biomass is added. Method according to claim 1, characterized in that for the extraction of the carotenoid intended wet biomass by pressure to 1200 bar, for example by spraying or spraying, fed into the extraction zone becomes. Method according to claim 1, characterized in that with the generation and maintenance the negative pressure in the moisture evaporation of the biomass resulting moisture is removed from the extraction zone. Device for the extraction of carotenoids with oils or fats from wet biomass, comprising an extraction vessel in which the moist biomass is mixed with the extractant and thermally treated and the carotenoids or the carotenoids are released from the wet biomass mixed with the extractant, characterized in that the extraction vessel as Vacuum extractor from a hermetically sealed vacuum chamber ( 1 . 16 ) with pressure-tight closable openings ( 2 . 3 . 8th . 21 . 22 ) for the addition of wet biomass ( 5 ) and the extractant ( 6 ) and for the extraction of the extraction components, wherein the vacuum chamber ( 1 . 16 ) with means ( 13 ) is connected to generate and maintain the negative pressure, and that in the vacuum chamber means ( 11 . 18 ) for the mechanical comminution of wet biomass ( 5 ) and for mixing with the extractant ( 6 ) and means ( 12 . 20 ) are provided to the vacuum chamber ( 1 . 16 ) in vacuo to temperatures up to 150 ° C, preferably to 130 ° C to heat. Apparatus according to claim 13, characterized in that for generating and maintaining the negative pressure, a vacuum pump ( 13 ) is provided. Device according to claim 13, characterized in that in the vacuum extractor ( 1 . 16 ) for the purpose of mechanically comminuting the moist biomass and possibly also for mixing with the extractant fast circulating cutting blade ( 11 ) are arranged. Device according to claim 13, characterized in that in the vacuum extractor ( 1 . 16 ) is arranged for the purpose of mechanical comminution of the wet biomass and optionally also for mixing with the extractant, a rotating screw shaft. Device according to claim 13, characterized in that the vacuum extractor ( 1 . 16 ) for the purpose of mechanical comminution of wet biomass ( 5 ) and possibly also for mixing with the extractant ( 6 ) a variety of grinding media 18 ) contains. Apparatus according to claim 17, characterized in that as Mahlkörper each made of magnetizable material and preferably formed in spherical shape elements ( 18 ) are provided. Apparatus according to claim 13, characterized in that for the heating of the vacuum chamber ( 1 . 16 ) associated with a tempering heat transfer surfaces ( 12 . 20 ) are provided for the purpose of supply and removal of heat. Device according to claim 13, characterized in that in or on the vacuum extractor ( 1 . 16 ) Means are provided for temperature control or regulation. Apparatus according to claim 13, characterized in that the vacuum extractor as a rotating vacuum chamber ( 16 ) around at least one axis ( 17 ) is rotatably arranged. Apparatus according to claim 13, characterized in that in or on the vacuum extractor at least one nozzle ( 8th ) is provided to the intended for extraction and possibly already with the extractant ( 6 ) mixed wet biomass ( 5 ) under a pressure up to 1200 bar in the vacuum chamber ( 1 . 16 ) spray or inject or distribute in the same. Device according to claim 13, characterized in that the vacuum extractor ( 1 . 16 ) with a tightly closable filter 4 provided for charging and / or removal of the solid constituent extraction components. Device according to claim 13, characterized in that the vacuum extractor ( 1 . 16 ) Comprises means for supplying a protective gas, such as carbon dioxide or nitrogen. Apparatus according to claim 13, characterized in that the vacuum extractor according to the principle of a stirred reactor ( 1 ) is realized. Apparatus according to claim 13, characterized in that the vacuum extractor according to the principle of a rotary tubular reactor ( 16 ) is realized.