DE102004063743A1 - Reducing emissions from future vehicles with fuel cell auxiliary power units, supplies hydrogen-rich synthesis gas to exhaust gases during engine cold-starting phase - Google Patents

Reducing emissions from future vehicles with fuel cell auxiliary power units, supplies hydrogen-rich synthesis gas to exhaust gases during engine cold-starting phase Download PDF

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Publication number
DE102004063743A1
DE102004063743A1 DE102004063743A DE102004063743A DE102004063743A1 DE 102004063743 A1 DE102004063743 A1 DE 102004063743A1 DE 102004063743 A DE102004063743 A DE 102004063743A DE 102004063743 A DE102004063743 A DE 102004063743A DE 102004063743 A1 DE102004063743 A1 DE 102004063743A1
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synthesis gas
fuel cell
hydrogen
internal combustion
combustion engine
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DE102004063743A
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German (de)
Inventor
Oliver Dipl.-Ing. Gröger
Michael Dipl.-Chem. Dr. Kahlich
Jens Arik Dipl.-Ing. Dr. Almkermann
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Volkswagen AG
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Volkswagen AG
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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
    • F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
    • F01N3/18—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control
    • F01N3/20—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control specially adapted for catalytic conversion ; Methods of operation or control of catalytic converters
    • F01N3/206—Adding periodically or continuously substances to exhaust gases for promoting purification, e.g. catalytic material in liquid form, NOx reducing agents
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N13/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00
    • F01N13/009—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00 having two or more separate purifying devices arranged in series
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
    • F01N3/0807—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by using absorbents or adsorbents
    • F01N3/0828—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by using absorbents or adsorbents characterised by the absorbed or adsorbed substances
    • F01N3/0842—Nitrogen oxides
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
    • F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
    • F01N3/103—Oxidation catalysts for HC and CO only
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2240/00—Combination or association of two or more different exhaust treating devices, or of at least one such device with an auxiliary device, not covered by indexing codes F01N2230/00 or F01N2250/00, one of the devices being
    • F01N2240/28—Combination or association of two or more different exhaust treating devices, or of at least one such device with an auxiliary device, not covered by indexing codes F01N2230/00 or F01N2250/00, one of the devices being a plasma reactor
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2240/00—Combination or association of two or more different exhaust treating devices, or of at least one such device with an auxiliary device, not covered by indexing codes F01N2230/00 or F01N2250/00, one of the devices being
    • F01N2240/30—Combination or association of two or more different exhaust treating devices, or of at least one such device with an auxiliary device, not covered by indexing codes F01N2230/00 or F01N2250/00, one of the devices being a fuel reformer
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2240/00—Combination or association of two or more different exhaust treating devices, or of at least one such device with an auxiliary device, not covered by indexing codes F01N2230/00 or F01N2250/00, one of the devices being
    • F01N2240/32—Combination or association of two or more different exhaust treating devices, or of at least one such device with an auxiliary device, not covered by indexing codes F01N2230/00 or F01N2250/00, one of the devices being a fuel cell
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2610/00—Adding substances to exhaust gases
    • F01N2610/04—Adding substances to exhaust gases the substance being hydrogen
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/005—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for draining or otherwise eliminating condensates or moisture accumulating in the apparatus
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A50/00—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE in human health protection, e.g. against extreme weather
    • Y02A50/20—Air quality improvement or preservation, e.g. vehicle emission control or emission reduction by using catalytic converters

Abstract

Hydrogen-rich synthesis gas is produced using an electric arc process. This gas is supplied to the exhaust gases, at least during the cold starting phase of the engine (10). During normal operation, hydrogen from an on-board fuel cell system (15) is supplied to the internal combustion engine exhaust gases. The hydrogen-rich synthesis gas is generated and/or supplied to the exhaust gases, until a reformer of the fuel cell system has reached its operational temperature. Once this temperature has been reached, at least a fraction of the synthesis gas is supplied to the fuel cell (18). An independent claim is included for corresponding equipment.

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zur Emissionsverminderung von Fahrzeugen und Vorrichtung zur Durchführung des Verfahrens gemäß dem Oberbegriff des Patentanspruchs 1 und dem Oberbegriff des Patentanspruchs 7.The The invention relates to a method for emission reduction of vehicles and apparatus for carrying out of the method according to the preamble of patent claim 1 and the preamble of claim 7.

Um dem steigenden Bedarf an elektrischer Leistung im Fahrzeug gerecht zu werden, bietet sich zukünftig in Fahrzeugen mit konventionellen Antriebsaggregaten die Installation einer Brennstoffzellen-APU (auxiliary power unit) an. Die Baugruppen sind bekannt und bestehen aus einer Brennstoffzelle und einem Kraftstoffaufbereitungssystem (FPS, fuel processing system), das einen Reformer zur Erzeugung eines wasserstoffreichen Reformats, das die Wasserstoffquelle für die Brennstoffzelle darstellt, umfasst. Um nicht einen zweiten Kraftstoff im Fahrzeug mitführen zu müssen, wird derzeit die Membranbrennstoffzelle mit Diesel- und Benzinreformer favorisiert. Der besondere Vorteil der APU besteht nicht allein in der autarken Versorgung des Bordstromsystems, sondern auch in den unterschiedlichen Nutzungsarten des im Reformer erzeugten Reformats.Around meet the increasing demand for electrical power in the vehicle to become, offers itself in the future in vehicles with conventional drive units the installation a fuel cell APU (auxiliary power unit). The assemblies are known and consist of a fuel cell and a fuel treatment system (FPS, fuel processing system), which is a reformer to produce a hydrogen-rich reformate, which is the hydrogen source for the fuel cell represents. To avoid a second fuel in the vehicle carry to have to, is currently the membrane fuel cell with diesel and gasoline reformer favored. The special advantage of the APU is not alone in the self-sufficient supply of the on-board power system, but also in the different uses of the reformate generated in the reformer.

Es ist bekannt, durch Betreiben des Verbrennungsmotors mit Reformat eine Reduzierung von Abgasemissionen zu erzielen. Ebenso ist zu diesem Zweck bekannt, durch separates Aufheizen den Katalysators beim Kaltstart diesen schneller auf seine Anspringtemperatur zu bringen, wie es in der EP 1 057 998 B1 offenbart ist. Aus der US-A-5,159,900 bekannt, ein wasserstoffreiches Synthesegas mit vergleichbarer Zusammensetzung wie ein Reformat in einem Lichtbogen-Prozess aus Wasser zu erzeugen und dem Verbrennungsmotor als Kraftstoff zuzuführen. Typischerweise enthält das Synthesegas rund 47% Wasserstoff, 38% Kohlenmonoxid, 9% Kohlendioxid, 4% Stickstoff und 1% Sauerstoff. Ein Regenerationsverfahren von Kohlenstoff-Elektroden für einen derartige Lichtbogen-Prozess ist z.B. aus der US-A-5,159,900 oder aus der US-A-5,417,817 bekannt.It is known to achieve a reduction of exhaust emissions by operating the internal combustion engine with reformate. Likewise, for this purpose is known to bring the catalyst at a cold start this faster to its light-off temperature by separate heating, as in the EP 1 057 998 B1 is disclosed. From US-A-5,159,900 known to produce a hydrogen-rich synthesis gas of comparable composition as a reformate in an arc process of water and to supply the internal combustion engine as fuel. Typically, the synthesis gas contains around 47% hydrogen, 38% carbon monoxide, 9% carbon dioxide, 4% nitrogen and 1% oxygen. A regeneration method of carbon electrodes for such an arc process is known, for example, from US-A-5,159,900 or from US-A-5,417,817.

Aufgabe der vorliegenden Erfindung ist es, ein Verfahren zur Emissionsverminderung nach dem Stand der Technik zu verbessern, mit dem unerwünschte Abgasemissionen besonders bei Kaltstart vermindert werden können.task The present invention is a method for emission reduction To improve the state of the art, with the unwanted exhaust emissions can be reduced especially at cold start.

Die Aufgabe wird erfindungsgemäß mit den Merkmalen des Patentanspruchs 1 und des Patentanspruchs 7 gelöst. Vorteilhafte Weiterbildungen der Erfindung sind in Unteransprüchen angegeben.The Task is according to the invention with the features of claim 1 and claim 7 solved. advantageous Further developments of the invention are specified in subclaims.

Erfindungsgemäß wird ein wasserstoffreiches Synthesegas in einem Fahrzeug mit einem Lichtbogenprozess erzeugt und wenigstens beim Kaltstart des Verbrennungsmotors dem Abgas des Verbrennungsmotors zugeführt. Es handelt sich dabei um einen thermolytischen Prozess, bei dem das wasserstoffreiche Synthesegas erzeugt wird. Als Quelle des Synthesegases wird bevorzugt Wasser eingesetzt. Dabei bildet sich ein sogenanntes „Aquafuel" mit einer Zusammensetzung, die stark einem üblichen Reformat eines reformierten Kraftstoffs, z.B. Benzin oder Diesel, ähnelt. Unabhängig von einem vorhandenen Brennstoffzellensystem mit Reformer oder einem separaten Reformer und auch unabhängig von der Einsatzbereitschaft des Katalysators ist es möglich, den Schadstoffgehalt des verbrennungsmotorischen Abgases durch Zugabe von Wasserstoff zu vermindern, insbesondere zu entsticken. Der Nachteil, dass die Startzeit konventioneller Systeme zur katalytischen Zerlegung von Fahrzeugkraftstoffen zu lang ist, um bereits in der Warmlaufphase des Verbrennungsmotors Synthesegas zur Verfügung stellen zu können, kann umgangen werden, indem eine hochdynamische elektrische Gaserzeugungseinrichtung, mit der der Lichtbogen-Prozess ausgeführt wird, mit dem Reformersystem einer Brennstoffzellen-APU gekoppelt wird. Die Dauer bis zur Verfügbarkeit des Synthesegases für Brennstoffzelle und Abgasnachbehandlung wird verkürzt. Die parallele Verwendung eines umgehend einsatzbereiten thermolytischen Prozesses ermöglicht die rechtzeitige Bereitstellung von reduzierenden Gaskomponenten zur Abgasentstickung.According to the invention is a Hydrogen-rich synthesis gas in a vehicle with an arc process generated and at least the cold start of the engine the Exhaust gas supplied to the internal combustion engine. These are to a thermolytic process in which the hydrogen-rich Synthesis gas is generated. As the source of the synthesis gas is preferred Used water. This forms a so-called "aquafuel" with a composition, the strong one usual Reformate of a reformed fuel, e.g. Gasoline or diesel, resembles. Independent of an existing fuel cell system with reformer or one separate reformers and also independent of the operational readiness of the catalyst it is possible the pollutant content of the internal combustion engine exhaust gas by adding to reduce hydrogen, in particular to de-embroider. The disadvantage, that the startup time of conventional systems for catalytic decomposition of vehicle fuels is too long to already in the warm-up phase of the internal combustion engine to provide synthesis gas, can bypassed by a highly dynamic electrical gas generator, with which the arc process is carried out with the reformer system a fuel cell APU is coupled. The duration until availability of the synthesis gas for Fuel cell and exhaust aftertreatment is shortened. The parallel use of a ready-to-use thermolytic Process allows the timely provision of reducing gas components for Oxide from waste gases.

In einer günstigen Ausgestaltung wird im Normalbetrieb dem verbrennungsmotorischen Abgas Wasserstoff aus einem bordeigenen Brennstoffzellensystem zugeführt. Das Brennstoffzellensystem kann bereits vor Erreichen der Betriebstemperatur seines Reformers mit Wasserstoff beschickt werden und kommt so mit seinen Komponenten schneller auf die notwendigen Betriebstemperaturen.In a cheap one Design is the internal combustion engine in normal operation Exhaust gas hydrogen supplied from an on-board fuel cell system. The Fuel cell system can already before reaching the operating temperature of his Reformers are fed with hydrogen and thus comes with his Components faster to the required operating temperatures.

In einer zweckmäßigen Ausgestaltung wird das wasserstoffreiche Synthesegas so lange erzeugt und/oder dem Abgas zugeführt, bis ein Reformer des Brennstoffzellensystems seine Betriebstemperatur erreicht hat.In an expedient embodiment the hydrogen-rich synthesis gas is generated and / or so long supplied to the exhaust gas, until a reformer of the fuel cell system reaches its operating temperature Has.

In einer weiteren günstigen Ausgestaltung wird nach Erreichen der Betriebstemperatur das Synthesegas wenigstens teilweise der Brennstoffzelle zugeführt.In another cheap Embodiment becomes the synthesis gas after reaching the operating temperature at least partially supplied to the fuel cell.

In einer weiteren günstigen Ausgestaltung wird Wasser aus dem Reformer und/oder dem verbrennungsmotorischen Abgas zurück gewonnen und dient als Ausgangsstoff für das wasserstoffreiche Synthesegas aus dem Lichtbogenprozess. Bevorzugt kann flüssiges Wasser aus dem Reformierungsprozess der APU, bevorzugt Dampfreformierung oder autotherme Reformierung, verwendet werden. Das System lässt sich auf diese Weise kontinuierlich ohne Nachfüllen von Wasser betreiben. Lediglich die Kohlenstoffelektroden für den Lichtbogen-Prozess müssen in definierten Abständen ersetzt oder regeneriert werden. Zur Regeneration kann eine flüssige Biomasse in das Eduktwasser eingebracht und reiner Kohlenstoff durch thermolytische Reaktion im Lichtbogen-Prozess erzeugt und auf den Elektroden abgeschieden werden. Der oxidierte Kohlenstoff an der einen Elektrode formiert sich zum CO-H2-Gasgemisch, an der anderen Elektrode setzt sich der Kohlenstoff ab, der aus der Biomasse gewonnen wurde. Durch Umpolen kann wahlweise die eine oder die andere Elektrode gewählt werden, damit beide Elektroden gleichermaßen regeneriert werden können. Dazu ist jede organische Lösung geeignet, gleichgültig ob zucker- oder alkoholhaltig. Durch Zugabe von Alkohol oder anderer organischer Frostschutzmittel kann sichergestellt werden, dass sich der Lichtbogen-Prozess auch bei Temperaturen unterhalb des Gefrierpunkts starten lässt, was eine wichtige Voraussetzung für die automotive Anwendung darstellt. Der erreichbare Energiegehalt des erzeugten Synthesegases kann außerdem je nach Verbindung bis zu doppelt so hoch sein wie bei einem normalen Lichtbogen-Prozess mit reinem Wasser. Somit steht ein effektives und schnell startendes Brenngaserzeugungssystem zur Verfügung, das direkt in der verbrennungsmotorischen Abgasnachbehandlung eingesetzt werden kann, bzw. ebenso nach Durchlaufen der Synthesegasreinigung der APU zur Unterstützung der hochdynamischen Versorgung der Brennstoffzelle mit Brenngas.In a further advantageous embodiment, water is recovered from the reformer and / or the internal combustion engine exhaust gas and serves as the starting material for the hydrogen-rich synthesis gas from the arc process. Preferably, liquid water from the reforming process of the APU, preferably steam reforming or autothermal reforming, may be used. The system can be operated in this way continuously without refilling water. Only the Carbon electrodes for the arc process must be replaced or regenerated at defined intervals. For regeneration, a liquid biomass can be introduced into the educt water and pure carbon produced by thermolytic reaction in the arc process and deposited on the electrodes. The oxidized carbon on one electrode forms the CO-H2 gas mixture, on the other electrode the carbon that has been extracted from the biomass settles. By reversing, either the one or the other electrode can be selected, so that both electrodes can be regenerated equally. Any organic solution is suitable for this purpose, irrespective of whether it contains sugar or alcohol. By adding alcohol or other organic antifreeze, it can be ensured that the arc process can be started even at temperatures below freezing, which is an important prerequisite for the automotive application. The achievable energy content of the generated synthesis gas can also be up to twice as high as in a normal arc process with pure water, depending on the connection. Thus, an effective and fast-starting fuel gas generation system is available, which can be used directly in the internal combustion engine exhaust aftertreatment, or also after passing through the synthesis gas cleaning of the APU to support the highly dynamic supply of the fuel cell with fuel gas.

Die einzige Figur zeigt eine bevorzugte Vorrichtung zur Durchführung des Verfahrens.The single figure shows a preferred device for carrying out the Process.

In der Vorrichtung wird ein wasserstoffreiches Synthesegas mit einem Lichtbogenprozess erzeugt und wenigstens beim Kaltstart des Verbrennungsmotors 10 dem Abgas des Verbrennungsmotors 10 zugeführt. In einem Aquafuel-Generator 14 wird dazu aus Wasser mit einem Lichtbogen-Prozess ein wasserstoffreiches Synthesegas erzeugt. Das Synthesegas ist einer Gasreinigung 17 einer APU 15 zuführbar und gelangt gereinigt zur Brennstoffzelle 18. Im Normalbetrieb wird Kraftstoff einem Reformer 16 zugeführt, refor miert, in der Gasreinigung 17 gereinigt und der Brennstoffzelle 18 zugeführt wird. Flüssigwasser aus der APU 15, z.B. aus der üblichen Dampfreformierung im Reformer 17 kann zum Reformer zurückgeführt werden oder auch dem Aquafuel-Generator 14.In the apparatus, a hydrogen-rich synthesis gas is produced with an arc process and at least during the cold start of the internal combustion engine 10 the exhaust gas of the internal combustion engine 10 fed. In an aquafuel generator 14 For this purpose, a hydrogen-rich synthesis gas is generated from water using an arc process. The synthesis gas is a gas purification 17 an APU 15 can be supplied and passes cleanly to the fuel cell 18 , In normal operation, fuel becomes a reformer 16 fed, reformed, in gas purification 17 cleaned and the fuel cell 18 is supplied. Liquid water from the APU 15 , eg from the usual steam reforming in the reformer 17 can be returned to the reformer or the Aquafuel generator 14 ,

Dessen Synthesegas kann weiterhin einem Verbrennungsmotor 10 der Vorrichtung zugeführt werden und dort wir ein Kraftstoff verbrannt werden. Das verbrennungsmotorische Abgas wird einem Oxidationskatalysator 11 und anschließend in einem Speicherkatalysator, in dem Stickoxide gespeichert werden, gereinigt. Das gereinigte Abgas kann in einem optional vorgesehenen Entfeuchter 13 getrocknet und das Wasser dem Aquafuel-Generator zugeführt werden.Its syngas can continue to an internal combustion engine 10 are fed to the device and there we burned a fuel. The internal combustion engine exhaust gas becomes an oxidation catalyst 11 and subsequently cleaned in a storage catalytic converter in which nitrogen oxides are stored. The purified exhaust gas may be in an optional dehumidifier 13 dried and the water supplied to the Aquafuel generator.

1010
Verbrennungsmotorinternal combustion engine
1111
Oxidationskatalysatoroxidation catalyst
1212
Speicherkatalysatorstorage catalytic converter
1313
Entfeuchterdehumidifiers
1414
Aquafuel-GeneratorAquafuel generator
1515
APUAPU
1616
Reformerreformer
1717
Gasreinigunggas cleaning
1818
Brennstoffzellefuel cell

Claims (10)

Verfahren zur Emissionsverminderung von Abgasen eines Verbrennungsmotors (10), dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass ein wasserstoffreiches Synthesegas mit einem Lichtbogenprozess erzeugt wird und wenigstens beim Kaltstart des Verbrennungsmotors (10) dem Abgas des Verbrennungsmotors (10) zugeführt wird.Method for reducing the emission of exhaust gases of an internal combustion engine ( 10 ), characterized in that a hydrogen-rich synthesis gas is produced with an arc process and at least during the cold start of the internal combustion engine ( 10 ) the exhaust gas of the internal combustion engine ( 10 ) is supplied. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass im Normalbetrieb dem verbrennungsmotorischen Abgas Wasserstoff aus einem bordeigenen Brennstoffzellensystem (15) zugeführt wird.A method according to claim 1, characterized in that in the normal operation of the internal combustion engine exhaust gas from an on-board fuel cell system ( 15 ) is supplied. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das wasserstoffreiche Synthesegas so lange erzeugt und/oder dem Abgas zugeführt wird, bis ein Reformer (16) des Brennstoffzellensystems (15) seine Betriebstemperatur erreicht hat.A method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the hydrogen-rich synthesis gas is generated and / or supplied to the exhaust gas until a reformer ( 16 ) of the fuel cell system ( 15 ) has reached its operating temperature. Verfahren nach Anspruch 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass nach Erreichen der Betriebstemperatur das Synthesegas wenigstens teilweise der Brennstoffzelle (18) zugeführt wird.A method according to claim 3, characterized in that after reaching the operating temperature, the synthesis gas at least partially the fuel cell ( 18 ) is supplied. Verfahren nach zumindest einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass Wasser aus dem Reformer (16) und/oder dem verbrennungsmotorischen Abgas zurück gewonnen wird und als Ausgangsstoff für das wasserstoffreiche Synthesegas aus dem Lichtbogenprozess dient.Method according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that water from the reformer ( 16 ) and / or the internal combustion engine exhaust gas is recovered and serves as the starting material for the hydrogen-rich synthesis gas from the arc process. Verfahren nach zumindest einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass Elektroden für den Lichtbogenprozess durch Kohlenstoffabscheidung während des Lichtbogenprozesses regeneriert werden.Method according to at least one of the preceding Claims, characterized in that electrodes for the arc process by carbon deposition while be regenerated the arc process. Vorrichtung zur Durchführung des Verfahrens zur Emissionsverminderung von Abgasen eines Verbrennungsmotors (10), in dessen Abgastrakt eine katalytische Abgasreinigungsvorrichtung (11, 12) vorgesehen ist, wobei ein wasserstoffreiches Reformat in einem Reformer (16) eines Brennstoffzellensystems (15) er zeugbar ist, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass eine Vorrichtung (14) zur Erzeugung eines wasserstoffreichen Synthesegases mittels eines Lichtbogenprozesses vorgesehen ist, welches dem Abgastrakt zuführbar ist.Device for carrying out the method for emission reduction of exhaust gases of an internal combustion engine ( 10 ), in whose exhaust tract a catalytic exhaust gas purification device ( 11 . 12 ), wherein a hydrogen-rich reformate in a reformer ( 16 ) of a fuel cell system tems ( 15 ) it is producible, characterized in that a device ( 14 ) is provided for generating a hydrogen-rich synthesis gas by means of an arc process, which is the exhaust tract can be fed. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass Mittel (13) vorgesehen sind, um Wasser aus dem Reformer (16) und/oder dem verbrennungsmotorischen Abgas zurück zu gewinnen.Device according to claim 7, characterized in that means ( 13 ) are provided to remove water from the reformer ( 16 ) and / or to recover the internal combustion engine exhaust gas. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 8, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Wasser der Vorrichtung (14) zur Erzeugung des Synthesegases zuführbar ist.Apparatus according to claim 8, characterized in that the water of the device ( 14 ) can be supplied to produce the synthesis gas. Vorrichtung nach zumindest einem der Ansprüche 8 oder 9, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass dem Wasser kohlenstoffhaltiges Material zugesetzt ist.Device according to at least one of claims 8 or 9, characterized in that the water is carbonaceous material is added.
DE102004063743A 2004-12-29 2004-12-29 Reducing emissions from future vehicles with fuel cell auxiliary power units, supplies hydrogen-rich synthesis gas to exhaust gases during engine cold-starting phase Withdrawn DE102004063743A1 (en)

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DE10237777A1 (en) * 2002-08-17 2004-02-26 Daimlerchrysler Ag Combustion engine with catalytic exhaust gas treatment unit has module for generation of reducing gas containing hydrogen and ammonia which is dosed into exhaust system up-stream of catalyst unit
DE10336339A1 (en) * 2003-08-08 2004-12-23 Audi Ag Automotive piston engine exhaust system has catalytic nitrogen oxides converter drawing ammonia from fuel cell fuel system
EP1012113B1 (en) * 1997-09-01 2005-03-23 World Energy Systems Corporation Electrically assisted partial oxidation of light hydrocarbons by oxygen

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP1012113B1 (en) * 1997-09-01 2005-03-23 World Energy Systems Corporation Electrically assisted partial oxidation of light hydrocarbons by oxygen
DE10237777A1 (en) * 2002-08-17 2004-02-26 Daimlerchrysler Ag Combustion engine with catalytic exhaust gas treatment unit has module for generation of reducing gas containing hydrogen and ammonia which is dosed into exhaust system up-stream of catalyst unit
DE10336339A1 (en) * 2003-08-08 2004-12-23 Audi Ag Automotive piston engine exhaust system has catalytic nitrogen oxides converter drawing ammonia from fuel cell fuel system

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