DE102004052107B4 - Exhaust system and associated operating method - Google Patents
Exhaust system and associated operating method Download PDFInfo
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- DE102004052107B4 DE102004052107B4 DE102004052107A DE102004052107A DE102004052107B4 DE 102004052107 B4 DE102004052107 B4 DE 102004052107B4 DE 102004052107 A DE102004052107 A DE 102004052107A DE 102004052107 A DE102004052107 A DE 102004052107A DE 102004052107 B4 DE102004052107 B4 DE 102004052107B4
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- storage
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Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N13/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00
- F01N13/14—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00 having thermal insulation
- F01N13/141—Double-walled exhaust pipes or housings
- F01N13/146—Double-walled exhaust pipes or housings with vacuum in the space between both walls
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
- B01D53/92—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases
- B01D53/94—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases by catalytic processes
- B01D53/9445—Simultaneously removing carbon monoxide, hydrocarbons or nitrogen oxides making use of three-way catalysts [TWC] or four-way-catalysts [FWC]
- B01D53/9454—Simultaneously removing carbon monoxide, hydrocarbons or nitrogen oxides making use of three-way catalysts [TWC] or four-way-catalysts [FWC] characterised by a specific device
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
- B01D53/92—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases
- B01D53/94—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases by catalytic processes
- B01D53/9495—Controlling the catalytic process
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N13/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00
- F01N13/009—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00 having two or more separate purifying devices arranged in series
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N13/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00
- F01N13/14—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00 having thermal insulation
- F01N13/141—Double-walled exhaust pipes or housings
- F01N13/143—Double-walled exhaust pipes or housings with air filling the space between both walls
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
- F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
- F01N3/0807—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by using absorbents or adsorbents
- F01N3/0871—Regulation of absorbents or adsorbents, e.g. purging
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
- F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
- F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
- F01N3/18—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control
- F01N3/20—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control specially adapted for catalytic conversion ; Methods of operation or control of catalytic converters
- F01N3/2006—Periodically heating or cooling catalytic reactors, e.g. at cold starting or overheating
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
- F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
- F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
- F01N3/18—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control
- F01N3/20—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control specially adapted for catalytic conversion ; Methods of operation or control of catalytic converters
- F01N3/2006—Periodically heating or cooling catalytic reactors, e.g. at cold starting or overheating
- F01N3/2046—Periodically cooling catalytic reactors
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N5/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus combined or associated with devices profiting from exhaust energy
- F01N5/02—Exhaust or silencing apparatus combined or associated with devices profiting from exhaust energy the devices using heat
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N2240/00—Combination or association of two or more different exhaust treating devices, or of at least one such device with an auxiliary device, not covered by indexing codes F01N2230/00 or F01N2250/00, one of the devices being
- F01N2240/10—Combination or association of two or more different exhaust treating devices, or of at least one such device with an auxiliary device, not covered by indexing codes F01N2230/00 or F01N2250/00, one of the devices being a heat accumulator
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N2250/00—Combinations of different methods of purification
- F01N2250/02—Combinations of different methods of purification filtering and catalytic conversion
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N2250/00—Combinations of different methods of purification
- F01N2250/12—Combinations of different methods of purification absorption or adsorption, and catalytic conversion
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N2250/00—Combinations of different methods of purification
- F01N2250/14—Combinations of different methods of purification absorption or adsorption, and filtering
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N2410/00—By-passing, at least partially, exhaust from inlet to outlet of apparatus, to atmosphere or to other device
- F01N2410/02—By-passing, at least partially, exhaust from inlet to outlet of apparatus, to atmosphere or to other device in case of high temperature, e.g. overheating of catalytic reactor
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
- F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
- F01N3/0807—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by using absorbents or adsorbents
- F01N3/0821—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by using absorbents or adsorbents combined with particulate filters
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
- F02B37/00—Engines characterised by provision of pumps driven at least for part of the time by exhaust
- F02B37/12—Control of the pumps
- F02B37/18—Control of the pumps by bypassing exhaust from the inlet to the outlet of turbine or to the atmosphere
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A50/00—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE in human health protection, e.g. against extreme weather
- Y02A50/20—Air quality improvement or preservation, e.g. vehicle emission control or emission reduction by using catalytic converters
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/10—Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
- Y02T10/12—Improving ICE efficiencies
Abstract
Abgasanlage
für eine
Brennkraftmaschine (3), insbesondere in einem Kraftfahrzeug, mit
einem NOx-Speicherkatalysator (13), der in einem
Abgasstrang (2) der Abgasanlage (1) angeordnet ist,
dadurch
gekennzeichnet,
– dass
im Abgasstrang (2) stromauf des NOx-Speicherkatalysators
(13) ein Wärmespeicher
(5) angeordnet ist, der so ausgestaltet ist, dass er den Abgasen
der Brennkraftmaschine (3) Wärme
entzieht, wenn die Abgase eine Abgastemperatur aufweisen, die größer ist
als eine vorbestimmte Speichertemperatur des Wärmespeichers (5), und dass
er den Abgasen Wärme
zuführt,
wenn die Abgastemperatur kleiner ist als die Speichertemperatur,
– dass der
Wärmespeicher
(5) so ausgestaltet ist, dass die Speichertemperatur in einem oberen
Grenztemperaturbereich des NOx-Speicherkatalysators
(13) liegt.Exhaust system for an internal combustion engine (3), in particular in a motor vehicle, with a NO x storage catalytic converter (13) which is arranged in an exhaust line (2) of the exhaust system (1),
characterized,
- That in the exhaust line (2) upstream of the NO x storage catalytic converter (13) a heat accumulator (5) is arranged which is designed such that it extracts the exhaust gases of the internal combustion engine (3) heat when the exhaust gases have an exhaust gas temperature, the greater is as a predetermined storage temperature of the heat accumulator (5), and that it supplies heat to the exhaust gases when the exhaust gas temperature is less than the storage temperature,
- That the heat accumulator (5) is designed so that the storage temperature is in an upper limit temperature range of the NO x storage catalytic converter (13).
Description
Die vorliegende Erfindung betrifft eine Abgasanlage für eine Brennkraftmaschine, insbesondere in einem Kraftfahrzeug, mit den Merkmalen des Oberbegriffs des Anspruchs 1. Die Erfindung betrifft außerdem eine Verwendung eines Wärmespeichers in einer solchen Abgasanlage.The The present invention relates to an exhaust system for an internal combustion engine, in particular in a motor vehicle, having the features of the preamble of claim 1. The invention also relates to a use of a Heat storage in such an exhaust system.
Um Schadstoffemissionen einer Brennkraftmaschine zu reduzieren, ist es grundsätzlich bekannt, in einer Abgasanlage der Brennkraftmaschine einen Oxidationskatalysator anzuordnen. Damit ein solcher Oxidationskatalysator die erwünschte Oxidationswirkung in den Abgasen erreichen kann, muss er zumindest eine sogenannte „Anspringtemperatur" erreichen, die je nach verwendetem Katalysatormaterial z.B. zwischen 180°C und 280°C liegen kann. Beim Starten der Brennkraftmaschine, insbesondere bei einem Kaltstart, muss also der Oxidationskatalysator erst auf die Anspringtemperatur aufgeheizt werden, damit er seine abgasreinigende Wirkung entfalten kann.Around To reduce pollutant emissions of an internal combustion engine is it basically known, in an exhaust system of the internal combustion engine, an oxidation catalyst to arrange. Thus, such an oxidation catalyst the desired oxidation effect reach in the exhaust gases, he must achieve at least a so-called "light-off temperature" ever after used catalyst material e.g. between 180 ° C and 280 ° C lie can. When starting the internal combustion engine, especially at a Cold start, so the oxidation catalyst must first on the light-off temperature be heated so that it unfold its exhaust gas cleaning effect can.
Auf der einen Seite fordern immer strengere Umweltschutzbestimmungen die Einhaltung immer kleinerer Grenzwerte für die Schadstoffemissionen, insbesondere auch beim Kaltstart der Brennkraftmaschinen. Auf der anderen Seite besitzen moderne Brennkraftmaschinen, insbesondere Dieselmotoren, einen relativ hohen Wirkungsgrad, was unter anderem zu einer Absenkung der Abgastemperaturen führt. Darüber hinaus besitzen große Brennkraftmaschine eine entsprechend große Wärmespeicherkapazität. Des weiteren werden häufig Abgasturbolader verwendet, die regelmäßig stromauf des Oxidationskatalysators im Abgasstrang angeordnet sind und ebenfalls eine vergleichsweise große Wärmespeicherkapazität aufweisen. Diese gegenläufigen Entwicklungen erschweren es, die Emissionsgrenzwerte, insbesondere beim Kaltstart der Brennkraftmaschine einzuhalten.On On the one hand, more stringent environmental regulations are calling for more and more compliance with ever smaller limits for pollutant emissions, in particular also when cold starting the internal combustion engines. On the other hand own modern internal combustion engines, especially diesel engines, a relatively high efficiency, which among other things, to a reduction the exhaust gas temperatures leads. About that In addition, have large Internal combustion engine a correspondingly large heat storage capacity. Furthermore become common Exhaust gas turbocharger used regularly upstream of the oxidation catalyst are arranged in the exhaust system and also a comparatively size Have heat storage capacity. These opposing ones Developments make it difficult, the emission limits, in particular to comply with the cold start of the internal combustion engine.
Um den Oxidationskatalysator zur Verkürzung der Kaltstartphase schneller auf seine Anspringtemperatur bringen zu können, ist es grundsätzlich möglich, die Abgase stromauf des Oxidationskatalysators mit Hilfe eines Brenners aufzuheizen. Nachteilig ist hierbei, dass auch ein solcher Brenner eine gewisse Zeit benötigt, um anzuspringen und die gewünschte Abgasaufheizung zu bewirken. Des weiteren beeinträchtigt das dynamische Verhalten der Brennkraftmaschine, insbesondere in einem Kraftfahrzeug, bei Lastwechsel den Betrieb des Brenners. Außerdem führt der Brenner zu vergleichsweise hohen Abgastemperaturen, was am Einlass des Oxidationskatalysators eine hohe Temperaturbelastung und eine vorschnelle Alterung bewirkt. Außerdem benötigt ein derartiger Brenner ebenfalls Brennstoff, was die Gesamtemission, insbesondere an CO2, der Brennkraftmaschine erhöht.In order to bring the oxidation catalyst to shorten the cold start phase faster to its light-off, it is in principle possible to heat the exhaust gases upstream of the oxidation catalyst by means of a burner. The disadvantage here is that even such a burner takes a certain amount of time to start and to effect the desired Abgasaufheizung. Furthermore, the dynamic behavior of the internal combustion engine, especially in a motor vehicle, adversely affects the operation of the burner during load changes. In addition, the burner leads to comparatively high exhaust gas temperatures, which causes a high temperature load and premature aging at the inlet of the oxidation catalyst. In addition, such a burner also requires fuel, which increases the total emission, in particular of CO 2 , the internal combustion engine.
Alternativ ist es grundsätzlich möglich, den Oxidationskatalysator elektrisch zu beheizen. Hierbei ist nachteilig, dass eine dazu geeignete Heizeinrichtung einen vergleichsweise hohen Stromverbrauch besitzt, was bei der Verwendung in einem Kraftfahrzeug eine erhöhte Batteriekapazität erfordert. Darüber hinaus wird auch hier zusätzlich Energie verbraucht, was den Gesamtwirkungsgrad der Brennkraftmaschine reduziert.alternative it is basically possible, to heat the oxidation catalyst electrically. This is disadvantageous that a suitable heating device for a comparatively high Power consumption has what, when used in a motor vehicle an increased battery capacity requires. About that In addition, here is additional Energy consumed, which is the overall efficiency of the internal combustion engine reduced.
Aus
der
Aus
der
Die
Die vorliegende Erfindung beschäftigt sich mit dem Problem, bei einer Brennkraftmaschine die Gefahr von Schadstoffemissionen, insbesondere beim Kaltstart, sowie von Beschädigungen zu reduzieren.The present invention employs with the problem in an internal combustion engine the risk of Pollutant emissions, especially during cold start, as well as damage to reduce.
Dieses Problem wird durch die Gegenstände der unabhängigen Ansprüche gelöst. Vorteilhafte Ausführungsformen sind Gegenstand der abhängigen Ansprüche.This Problem is caused by the objects of independent claims solved. Advantageous embodiments are the subject of the dependent Claims.
Die Erfindung beruht auf dem allgemeinen Gedanken, im Abgasstrang stromauf eines NOx-Speicherkatalysators einen Wärmespeicher anzuordnen, der so ausgestaltet ist, dass er eine Temperaturglättung der dem NOx-Speicherkatalysator zugeführten Abgase bewirkt. Auf diese Weise kann der NOx-Speicherkatalysator vor einer Überhitzung geschützt werden. Ebenso ist es möglich, den NOx-Speicherkatalysator auf ein gewünschtes Temperaturniveau aufzuheizen. Erreicht wird dies durch eine Ausgestaltung des Wärmespeichers, derart, dass er den Abgasen der Brennkraftmaschine Wärme entzieht, wenn die Abgase eine Abgastemperatur aufweisen, die größer ist als eine vorbestimmte Speichertemperatur des Wärmespeichers, und dass er den Abgasen Wärme zuführt, wenn die Abgastemperatur kleiner ist als die genannte Speichertemperatur. In besonderer Weise eignet sich hierfür wieder ein als Latentwärmespeicher ausgestalteter Wärmespeicher, der mit einem Speichermaterial arbeitet, das bei der vorbestimmten Speichertemperatur seine Phasenwechseltemperatur besitzt.The invention is based on the general idea to arrange a heat storage in the exhaust line upstream of a NO x storage catalytic converter, which is designed such that it causes a temperature smoothing of the NO x storage catalytic converter supplied exhaust gases. In this way, the NO x storage catalyst can be protected from overheating. It is also possible to heat the NO x storage catalyst to a desired temperature level. This is achieved by an embodiment of the heat accumulator, such that it extracts heat from the exhaust gases of the internal combustion engine, if the exhaust gases have an exhaust gas temperature which is greater than a predetermined storage temperature of the heat accumulator, and that it supplies heat to the exhaust gases, if the exhaust gas temperature is lower as the said storage temperature. In a special way, this is again a designed as a latent heat storage heat storage, which operates with a storage material that has its phase change temperature at the predetermined storage temperature.
Besondere Bedeutung erlangt die erfindungsgemäße Abgasanlage bei einer Ausführungsform, bei welcher stromauf des Wärmespeichers ein Partikelfilter im Abgasstrang angeordnet ist. Bei der Regeneration eines derartigen Partikelfilters kommt es zu einer starken Temperaturanhebung im Abgas. Der dem Partikelfilter nachgeordnete Wärmespeicher kann nun den Abgasen soviel Wärme entziehen und zwischenspeichern, dass dadurch eine Beschädigung durch Überhitzung des nachfolgenden NOx-Speicherkatalysators vermieden werden kann. Nach der Regeneration des Partikelfilters kann der Wärmespeicher bei entsprechend reduzierten Abgastemperaturen und entsprechend abgestimmter Speichertemperatur wieder nach und nach entladen werden, um neue Speicherkapazität für eine weitere Partikelfilterregeneration zu schaffen.Particular importance is given to the exhaust system according to the invention in an embodiment in which upstream of the heat accumulator, a particulate filter is arranged in the exhaust line. In the regeneration of such a particulate filter, there is a strong increase in temperature in the exhaust gas. The heat accumulator arranged downstream of the particle filter can now remove and buffer so much heat from the exhaust gases that damage due to overheating of the following NO x storage catalytic converter can thereby be avoided. After regeneration of the particulate filter, the heat accumulator can be gradually discharged again at correspondingly reduced exhaust gas temperatures and correspondingly matched storage temperature in order to create new storage capacity for a further particulate filter regeneration.
Bevorzugt ist der Wärmespeicher als Latentwärmespeicher ausgestaltet, der mit einem Speichermaterial arbeitet, das bei einer vorbestimmten Speichertemperatur beim Aufladen des Wärmespeichers schmilzt und bei der Wärmeabgabe, also beim Entladen des Wärmespeichers erstarrt. Die Speichertemperatur entspricht dabei einer Phasenwechseltemperatur des Speichermaterials. Auf diese Weise wird die Wärme auf dem Temperaturniveau der Speichertemperatur gespeichert, was es ermög licht, die Wärme auch auf diesem hohen Temperaturniveau abzurufen.Prefers is the heat storage as latent heat storage configured, which works with a storage material that at a predetermined storage temperature when charging the heat storage melts and during the heat release, so when unloading the heat storage stiffens. The storage temperature corresponds to a phase change temperature of the storage material. In this way, the heat is on the temperature level of the storage tank stored what it is allows light, the Heat too to retrieve at this high temperature level.
Weitere wichtige Merkmale und Vorteile der Erfindung ergeben sich aus den Unteransprüchen, aus den Zeichnungen und aus der zugehörigen Figurenbeschreibung anhand der Zeichnungen.Further important features and advantages of the invention will become apparent from the Dependent claims, from the drawings and from the associated description of the figures the drawings.
Es versteht sich, dass die vorstehend genannten und die nachstehend noch zu erläuternden Merkmale nicht nur in der jeweils angegebenen Kombination, sondern auch in anderen Kombinationen oder in Alleinstellung verwendbar sind, ohne den Rahmen der vorliegenden Erfindung zu verlassen.It it is understood that the above and the following yet to be explained features not only in the specified combination, but also in other combinations or alone, without to leave the scope of the present invention.
Bevorzugte Ausführungsbeispiele der Erfindung sind in den Zeichnungen dargestellt und werden in der nachfolgenden Beschreibung näher erläutert, wobei sich gleiche Bezugszeichen auf gleiche oder funktional gleiche oder ähnliche Bauteile beziehen.preferred embodiments The invention are illustrated in the drawings and in the following description explains where like reference numerals refer to the same or functionally same or similar Refer to components.
Es zeigen, jeweils schematisch,It show, in each case schematically,
Entsprechend
den
Im
Abgasstrang
Zweckmäßig handelt
es sich beim Wärmespeicher
Ein
Speichermaterial, das sich zur Verwendung in einem derartigen Hochtemperatur-Latentwärmespeicher
Ein wesentlicher Vorteil eines Latentwärmespeichers gegenüber einem herkömmlichen sensiblen Wärmespeicher wird in Verbindung mit dem Phasenwechsel des Speichermaterials darin gesehen, dass die gespeicherte Wärme bei einem vergleichsweise konstanten Temperaturniveau gespeichert und freigesetzt werden kann. Selbstverständlich speichert der Latentwärmespeicher unterhalb der Phasenwechseltemperatur im vollständig festen Speichermaterial die Wärme sensibel, also temperaturabhängig, und oberhalb der Phasenwechseltemperatur im vollständig flüssigen Speichermaterial ebenfalls sensibel.One significant advantage of a latent heat storage over a usual sensitive heat storage becomes in connection with the phase change of the storage material therein seen that the stored heat stored at a comparatively constant temperature level and can be released. Of course, stores the latent heat storage below the phase change temperature in the completely solid memory material the heat sensitive, ie temperature-dependent, and above the phase change temperature in the completely liquid storage material also sensitive.
Der
Wärmespeicher
Bei
den Ausführungsformen
der
Die
Ausführungsform
gemäß
Bei
den Ausführungsformen
der
Bei
der in
Die
hier gezeigte Anordnung des Wärmespeichers
Bei
längeren
Leerlaufphasen oder Schubphasen kann sich die Abgastemperatur, insbesondere
bei einem modernen Dieselmotor, unter die Anspringtemperatur des
Oxidationskatalysators
Beispielsweise
wird dazu der Wärmetauscher
Stromauf
des Partikelfilters
Während bei
den Ausführungsformen
der
Bei
dieser Ausführungsform
wird im Speicherkreis
Entsprechend
den
Bei
der Ausführungsform
gemäß
Bei
der Variante gemäß
Die
erfindungsgemäße Abgasanlage
Während
eines Normalbetriebs der Brennkraftmaschine
During normal operation of the internal combustion engine
Eine
hier nicht gezeigte Steuerung kann nun einen Vorwärmbetrieb
der Brennkraftmaschine
Desweiteren
ist es grundsätzlich
möglich, den
Vorwärmbetrieb
in Abhängigkeit
der Temperatur des Oxidationskatalysators
Zweckmäßig erfolgt
die Vorwärmung
des Oxidationskatalysators
Claims (9)
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