DE102004040717B3 - Preparation of a dry product of plant shoots and/or seedling, useful as food, comprises drying and milling a mixture of plant shoots and/or seedling; pelletizing; drying the pellets over fluidized bed; and classifying the dried pellets - Google Patents

Abstract

Preparation of a dry product (I) of plant shoots and/or seedling comprises drying and milling a mixture of plant shoots and/or seedling, where the mixture contains 20-80% of water content; pelletizing the mixture; gradual drying of the pellets over fluidized bed equipment in oxygen-reduced air or oxygen-poor gas with a fluidization gas-/drying gas velocity of 1-5 m/s and inlet gas moist of 0-5% and classifying the dried pellets. Preparation of a dry product (I) of plant shoots and/or seedling comprises drying and milling a mixture of plant shoots and/or seedling, where the mixture contains 20-80% of water content; pelletizing the mixture; and gradual drying of the pellets over fluidized bed equipment in oxygen-reduced air or oxygen-poor gas with a fluidization gas-/drying gas velocity of 1-5 m/s and inlet gas moist of 0-5% of relative humidity (where in a first stage, the temperature of the pellets at the beginning lies between -5 to 40[deg]C and at the end of the first stage lies between 0-70[deg]C and the inlet temperature of the fluidization /drying gas lies at 20-100[deg]C and the conditions of the fluidized bed is maintained for 5-20 minutes; in a second stage, the temperature of the pellets at the end lies at 0-50[deg]C and the inlet temperature of the fluidization -/drying gas lies at 0-40[deg]C and the conditions of the fluidized bed is maintained for 5-40 minutes; in a third stage, the temperature of the pellets at the end lies at 5-80[deg]C and the inlet temperature of the fluidizations-/drying gas lies at 20-80[deg]C and the conditions of the fluidized bed is maintained for 5-20 minutes; and in a fourth stage, the temperature of the pellets at the end lies between -5 to 25[deg]C and the inlet temperature of the fluidizations-/drying gas lies between -5 to 20[deg]C and the conditions of the fluidized bed is maintained for 5-30 minutes) and classifying the dried pellets, where separation takes place with a smaller size particle of lower than 1 mm and larger size particle of greater than 5 mm.

Description

The The invention relates to a process for producing a dry product from shoots and / or seedlings. In particular, it concerns the invention provides a process for the gentle drying of fibrous, for entanglement prone shoots and / or seedlings under extensive preservation of the active substance spectrum of fresh shoots and / or seedlings.

The health and performance enhancing properties Many plants are based on their diverse content of important Active ingredients in a synergistic balance with hundreds of Cofactors. Plant sprouts or seedlings are likely to do so for the highest quality human nutrition Natural product with an extremely high nutrient and active ingredient density. she are nutritionally and also fully-grown in terms of their health-related properties Far superior to plants. Problematic for a variety of natural products, but especially for plant sprouts and seedlings as food, their very limited shelf life, and these only under complicated conditions to be realized in terms of temperature, humidity, oxygen and light.

It However, it is scientifically recognized that the beneficial nutritional and health-related properties of natural products durable synthetically produced active substances or through from plants extracted mono substances can not be achieved.

The Preservation of natural products, in particular of shoots and seedlings, while largely conserving their synergetic Balance of important active substances and co-factors is therefore since long the goal of many technical developments. Take a lot of space Drying process. The preservation of plant sprouts and / or seedlings by freezing has hitherto been in practice not enforced because of the high water content the shoots and seedlings is energy consuming and to other the shoots and seedlings after thawing soft and tasteless and no longer invite you to eat.

From the DE 44 35 453 C1 is a method for the hydrothermal stabilization of wheat germ of wheat bran or rye bran known in the freshly harvested raw wheat germ, rye bran or wheat bran first at temperatures of 60 to 110 ° C a steam treatment and subsequently subjected to drying at temperatures of 120 to 150 ° C. become. In the DE 44 35 453 C1 It is described that the products stabilized in this way have no significant damage to the vitamins. However, this has not been proven by analysis. Other than the shoots described in the patent and / or seedlings, which are thermally much more sensitive, can not be stabilized with this method without significant drug losses.

to Drying of goods with thermally sensitive substances, such as plants for pharmaceutical Purposes, vacuum freeze drying is known. It is for this purpose, for example Kroll, K., Kast, W, drying technique, 3rd volume, drying and drying in Production, Springer-Verlag, Berlin Heidelberg New York London Paris Tokyo, 1989, p. 144. In vacuum freeze drying will be first the water contained in the good frozen in the starting material itself. That concludes a vacuum sublimation drying, in which the ice from the Cell Association is removed. The process allows a gentle drying of sensitive Goods more subordinate Preservation of their ingredients without chemical changes. With exact compliance predetermined process conditions is the drying of plants extremely lossless possible with extremely sensitive active substances. Of the The main disadvantage of this method is both the high cost for plant engineering Investment as well for operating the facilities.

To reduce, in particular the vacuum technical effort, in the literature (Boeh-Ocansey, O., Freeze-drying in a fluidized-bed and dryer in an atmospheric dryer, Journal of Food Engineering 7, 1988, pp. 127-146, Wolff Drying Connection CSISA 90 Congr., Publ. By Elsevier Science Publishers., E., Gibert, H. Freeze drying under vacuum and adsorbing fluidized bed: Influence of operating pressure on drying kinetics, Drying 1991, 7 Int. Drying Symp Wolff, E., Gibert, H., Atmospheric Freeze-drying Part I, Design, experimental investigation and energy-saving advantages, Drying Technol. 8, (2). V, Amsterdam, Neth., Pp. 237-246; , 1990, pp. 385-404) proposed the fluidized bed lyophilization at atmospheric pressure. For drying, a food-compatible adsorbent (eg gelatinized cereal starch) is added to the material. The water vapor produced during the sublimation is bound by the adsorbent. A disadvantage of the method described is the use of an adsorbent as an admixture to the material to be dried. From the DE 100 30 569 A1 For example, a method is known in which a first pre-dried to a predetermined residual moisture and crushed food with a second dry and crushed food is mixed and from the second Nah sufficient residual moisture from the first food is absorbed. The second dry and shredded food acts as an adsorbent. The method is not suitable for drying shoots and / or seedlings due to the significant amount of water to be removed from the shoots and / or seedlings.

It is still out of the DE 35 16 967 A1 a method of drying a particulate material by passing a gas through the particulate material to be dried, wherein the temperature during the drying process is kept at a value such that the material to be dehumidified is in the solid state. As a preferred field of application of this solution, the drying of drug particles, soluble coffee, tea, fruit juice components and other instant products and food and nutrients, fertilizers and pesticides and seeds containing products is specified. It is stated that, if necessary, liquid present material is first to be converted into a solid, particulate state. A comparable method is also described in WO 89/12207 A1. However, both methods are not applicable to the drying of plant sprouts and / or seedlings while maintaining their original content of active substances and cofactors, as well as a structure inviting for consumption.

Of the Invention is based on the object, a method for drying of shoots and / or seedlings, in which the original one Salary range of the shoots and / or seedlings of active substances and co-factors remains virtually unchanged chemically and the Dry product has a receptive inviting structure. there should the inventive method Compared to known methods no increased plant complexity require and be energy efficient.

The The object is achieved by a Method according to the first Claim solved. Useful embodiments of the method according to the invention can Subclaims taken become.

It was found that produced by the process according to the invention Products in their content spectrum completely to the fresh biological Correspond to starting material and thereby have a structure, which is firm and crisp, crunchy and / or crisp can be. The health and performance enhancing properties of a Inventive product correspond to those of the biological source material, because of the diverse content on important active ingredients and co-factors of the biological source material preserved in its entirety. Details, features and Advantages of the method according to the invention will be described in the following description with reference to preferred embodiments explained in more detail, without to restrict it, however.

example 1

Dry product made from broccoli sprouts

500 g fresh broccoli sprouts and about 215 g dried and minced Broccoli sprouts pellets are mixed in a cutter at a temperature of +25 ° C and crushed. The mixture is mixed in a press (type pug mill) pressed into pellets of about 3 mm in diameter. The pellets will be fed to a 4-stage fluidized bed apparatus, wherein in each stage different Fluidization conditions are adjustable. As fluidization / drying gas oxygen-reduced air is used.

The Pellets reach the temperature of approx. +25 ° C first stage of the fluidized bed apparatus. The fluidization / Tocknungsgas (oxygen-reduced air) the first stage comes with an inlet temperature from +70 ° C initiated at a relative humidity of about 1%. The fluidization gas / drying gas velocity is about 2.8 m / s. The pellets are left after a residence time of 18 minutes, while which has raised its temperature to about +45 ° C, from the first stage the fluidized bed apparatus is transferred to the second stage.

The Inlet temperature of the fluidization / drying gas in the second Stage is +40 ° C at one relative humidity of about 1%. The fluidization gas / drying gas velocity lies as in the first stage at about 2.8 m / s. The pellets linger approx. 25 min in the second stage. Your temperature will increase approx. +36 ° C reduced. Then they are transferred to the third stage.

The Inlet temperature of the fluidization / drying gas in the third Level is +60 ° C at a relative humidity of about 1%. The fluidization gas / drying gas velocity is at about 2.2 m / s. After a residence time of the pellets of about 21 min in the third stage their temperature is about +44 ° C. They are then transferred to the fourth stage of the fluidized bed apparatus.

The fluidization / drying gas is in This stage is initiated with an inlet temperature of +10 ° C at a relative humidity of about 3%. At a fluidization gas / drying gas velocity of about 2.0 m / s, the pellets stay for about 26 minutes in the fourth stage. They are cooled to a temperature of about +12 ° C and have after the discharge from the fourth stage of the fluidized bed apparatus a residual moisture content of about 10%. The thus-dried pellets are classified, separating undersize (<1.0 mm) and oversize (> 5.0 mm). The separated oversize and about 70% by weight of the dried pellets are comminuted to a particle diameter <0.5 mm and returned together with the separated undersize to the mixing stage (cutter).

The Fluidization / drying gas from all four stages of the fluidized bed apparatus will over a common regeneration stage is circulated. The common regeneration stage has a cyclone separator with downstream Filter and an adsorber on. The fluidization / drying gas is cleaned here and to a relative humidity of about 3 Where dried. In four, each one stage of the four-stage fluidized bed apparatus separately associated heating or cooling devices takes place the temperature of the respective partial flow of the fluidization / drying gas to the respective inlet temperature of the respective stage.

through of the method described above is made from fresh broccoli sprouts very gently produced a dry product that in its composition and its content of vitamins, secondary ingredients and minerals matches the fresh broccoli sprouts. The dry product is in the form of pellets that are firm, a crunchy or have a crisp structure and used directly or further processed can be. When used directly, the Pellets like fresh broccoli sprouts are used. You can eat, like salads, cereals u. ä., be added. On contact with a liquid Phase swell the pellets and become soft and cause the same mouthfeel like fresh sprouts.

A Further processing can result in powder or granules being functional Food is incorporated, or using formulation excipients to tablets, film-coated tablets or capsules.

Example 2

Dry product of fenugreek sprouts

Analogous Example 1, except that instead of broccoli sprouts fenugreek sprouts be used.

Example 3

Dry product from sesame seedlings

Analogous Example 1, except that instead of broccoli sprouts sesame seedlings be used.

Example 4

Dry product of onion sprouts

Analogous Example 1, except that instead of broccoli sprouts onion sprouts be used.

Example 5

Dry product of linseed seedlings

Analogous Example 1, except that instead of broccoli sprouts flaxseed seedlings be used.

Example 6

Dry product from radish sprouts

Analogous Example 1, except that instead of broccoli sprouts radish sprouts be used.

Example 7

Dry product of mustard sprouts

Analogous Example 1, except that instead of broccoli sprouts mustard sprouts be used.

Example 8

Dry product from quinoa seedlings

Analogous Example 1, except that instead of broccoli sprouts quinoa seedlings be used.

Example 9

Dry product from amaranth seedlings

Analogous Example 1, except that instead of broccoli sprouts amaranth seedlings be used.

Example 10

Dry product from mung bean seedlings

450 g fresh mung bean seedlings and about 200 g dried and crushed Mung bean seedling pellets are mixed at a temperature of + 25 ° C. The mixture is pelletized in a press (type pug mill) 4 mm diameter pressed. The pellets become a 4-stage Supplied fluidized bed apparatus, whereby different fluidization conditions can be set in each stage are. As fluidization / drying gas is oxygen-reduced Used air.

The Pellets reach the temperature of approx. +25 ° C first stage of the fluidized bed apparatus. The fluidization / Tocknungsgas (oxygen-reduced air) the first stage comes with an inlet temperature from +75 ° C initiated at a relative humidity of about 1%. The fluidization gas / drying gas velocity is about 3.0 m / s. The pellets are after a residence time of about 18 min, while which has raised its temperature to about +50 ° C, from the first stage the fluidized bed apparatus is transferred to the second stage.

The Inlet temperature of the fluidization / drying gas in the second Stage is +40 ° C at one relative humidity of about 1%. The fluidization gas / drying gas velocity is about 3.0 m / s as in the first stage. The pellets stay about 24 min in the second stage. Their temperature is set to approx. +37 ° C reduced. Then they are transferred to the third stage.

The Inlet temperature of the fluidization / drying gas in the third Level is +55 ° C at a relative humidity of about 1%. The fluidization gas / drying gas velocity is at about 2.5 m / s. After a residence time of the pellets of about 19 min in the third stage their temperature about +51 ° C. They are then transferred to the fourth stage of the fluidized bed apparatus.

The Fluidization / drying gas enters this stage at a temperature from +20 ° C initiated at a relative humidity of about 2%. At a Fluidization gas / drying gas velocity of about 2.0 m / s dwell the pellets about 23 min in the fourth stage. They will be doing this a temperature of about +22 ° C chilled and have after the discharge from the fourth stage of the fluidized bed apparatus a residual moisture of about 10%. The thus dried pellets become classified, with undersize (<1.0 mm) and oversize (> 5.0 mm) separated become. The separated oversize and about 65% by weight of the dried pellets are comminuted to a particle diameter <0.5 mm and recycled together with the separated undersize to the mixing stage.

The Fluidization / drying gas from all four stages of the fluidized bed apparatus will over a common regeneration stage is circulated and regenerated as described in Example 1.

With The method described above is made from fresh mung bean seedlings very gently produced a dry product that in its composition and its content of vitamins, secondary ingredients and minerals corresponds to the fresh mung bean sprouts. The Dry product is in the form of pellets that are firm to the bite, have a crisp or crunchy structure and, as in the example 1 described, used directly or can be further processed.

Example 11

Dry product of adzuki bean seedlings

Analogous Example 10, except that instead of mung bean seedlings used Adzukibohnen seedlings become.

Example 12

Dry product from pea seedlings

Analogous Example 10, except that instead of mung bean sprouts pea seedlings be used.

Example 13

Dry product from chickpea seedlings

Analogous Example 10, except that instead of mung bean sprouts chickpea seedlings used become.

Example 14

Dry product of lens seedlings

Analogous Example 10, except that instead of mung bean seedlings lens seedlings be used.

Example 15

Dry product from soybean seedlings

Analogous Example 10, except that instead of mung bean seedlings used soybean seedlings become.

Example 16

Dry product from sunflower seedlings

Analogous Example 10, except that instead of mung bean seedlings used sunflower seedlings become.

Example 17

Dry product from wheat seedlings

400 g fresh wheat seedlings and about 170 g dried and crushed Wheat germ pellets are mixed and comminuted at a temperature of + 25 ° C. The mixture is pelletized in a press (type pug mill) pressed about 3 mm in diameter. The pellets become a 4-stage Supplied fluidized bed apparatus, whereby different fluidization conditions can be set in each stage are. As fluidization / drying gas is oxygen-reduced Used air.

The Pellets reach the temperature of approx. +25 ° C first stage of the fluidized bed apparatus. The fluidization / Tocknungsgas (oxygen-reduced air) the first stage comes with an inlet temperature from +75 ° C initiated at a relative humidity of 1%. The fluidization gas / drying gas velocity is about 3.0 m / s. The pellets are left after a residence time of 18 minutes, while which has raised its temperature to about +50 ° C, from the first stage the fluidized bed apparatus is transferred to the second stage.

The Inlet temperature of the fluidization / drying gas in the second Stage is +40 ° C at one relative humidity of 1%. The fluidization gas / drying gas velocity is as in the first stage at about 3.0 m / s. The pellets stay about 24 min in the second stage. Their temperature is set to approx. +37 ° C reduced. Then they are transferred to the third stage.

The Inlet temperature of the fluidization / drying gas in the third Level is +55 ° C at a relative humidity of about 1%. The fluidization gas / drying gas velocity is at about 2.8 m / s. After a residence time of the pellets of about 18 min in the third stage their temperature about +51 ° C. They are then transferred to the fourth stage of the fluidized bed apparatus.

The Fluidization / drying gas enters this stage at a temperature from +20 ° C initiated at a relative humidity of about 2%. At a Fluidization gas / drying gas velocity of about 1.8 m / s dwell the pellets about 19 min in the fourth stage. They will be doing this a temperature of about +20 ° C chilled and have after the discharge from the fourth stage of the fluidized bed apparatus a residual moisture of about 10%. The thus dried pellets become classified, with undersize (<1.0 mm) and oversize (> 5.0 mm) separated become. The separated oversize and about 65% by weight of the dried pellets are comminuted to a particle diameter <0.5 mm and recycled together with the separated undersize to the mixing stage.

The Fluidization / drying gas from all four stages of the fluidized bed apparatus will over a common regeneration stage is circulated and regenerated as described in Example 1.

With The method described above is made from fresh wheat seedlings very gently produced a dry product that in its composition and its content of vitamins, secondary ingredients and minerals corresponds to the fresh wheat seedlings. The dry product is in the form of pellets that are firm, a crunchy or have a rough structure and, as already described, directly can be used or further processed.

Example 18

Dry product from spelled seedlings

Analogous Example 17, except that instead of wheat seedlings spelled seedlings be used.

Example 19

Dry product from Kamut seedlings

Analogous Example 17, except that instead of wheat seedlings Kamut seedlings be used.

Example 20

Dry product of barley seedlings

Analogous Example 17, except that instead of wheat seedlings barley seedlings be used.

Example 21

Dry product from millet seedlings

Analogous Example 17, except that instead of wheat seedlings millet seedlings be used.

Example 22

Dry product of rye seedlings

Analogous Example 17, except that instead of wheat seedlings rye seedlings be used.

Example 23

Dry product from alfalfa sprouts

450 g fresh alfalfa sprouts and approx. 240 g dried and minced Alfalfa sprout pellets are cooked in a cutter at a temperature from +20 ° C mixed and crushed. The mixture is placed in a press (TYP Pug mill) into pellets of about 3 mm diameter. The pellets are fed to a 4-stage fluidized bed apparatus, wherein adjustable in each stage different fluidization conditions are. As fluidization / drying gas is oxygen-reduced Used air.

The Pellets reach the temperature of approx. +20 ° C first stage of the fluidized bed apparatus. The fluidization / Tocknungsgas (oxygen-reduced air) the first stage comes with an inlet temperature from +70 ° C initiated at a relative humidity of about 1%. The fluidization gas / drying gas velocity is about 2.8 m / s. The pellets are left after a residence time of 18 minutes, while which has raised its temperature to about + 40 ° C from the first stage the fluidized bed apparatus is transferred to the second stage.

The Inlet temperature of the fluidization / drying gas in the second Stage is +40 ° C at one relative humidity of about 1%. The fluidization gas / drying gas velocity lies as in the first stage at about 2.8 m / s. The pellets linger approx. 25 min in the second stage. Your temperature will increase approx. +33 ° C reduced. Then they are transferred to the third stage.

The Inlet temperature of the fluidization / drying gas in the third Level is +50 ° C at a relative humidity of about 1%. The fluidization gas / drying gas velocity is at about 2.6 m / s. After a residence time of the pellets of about 21 min in the third stage their temperature is about +46 ° C. They are then transferred to the fourth stage of the fluidized bed apparatus.

The Fluidization / drying gas enters this stage at a temperature from + 12 ° C introduced at a relative humidity of about 3%. At a Fluidisationsgas- / drying gas velocity of about 2.3 m / s dwell the pellets about 26 min in the fourth stage. They will be doing this a temperature of about + 14 ° C chilled and have after the discharge from the fourth stage of the fluidized bed apparatus a residual moisture of about 10%. The thus dried pellets become classified, with undersize (<1.0 mm) and oversize (> 5.0 mm) separated become. The separated oversize and 75% by mass of the dried pellets are comminuted to a particle diameter <0.5 mm and together with the separated undersize to the mixing stage (cutter) recycled.

The Fluidization / drying gas from all four stages of the fluidized bed apparatus will over a common regeneration stage is circulated and regenerated as described in Example 1.

With The method described above is made from fresh alfalfa sprouts very gently produced a dry product that in his Composition and its content of vitamins, secondary ingredients and minerals corresponds to the fresh alfalfa sprouts. The dry product is in the form of pellets that have a crispy or crunchy texture and, as already described, directly used or further processed can be.

Example 24

Dry product of red clover sprouts

Analogous Example 23, except that instead of alfalfa sprouts red clover sprouts be used.

Example 25

Dry product from rocket sprouts

Analogous Example 23, except that instead of alfalfa sprouts arugula sprouts be used.

Example 26

Dry product from buckwheat sprouts

Analogous Example 23, except that instead of alfalfa sprouts buckwheat sprouts be used.

Example 27

Dry product of cress sprouts

Analogous Example 23, except that instead of alfalfa sprouts cress sprouts be used.

Claims (3)

Method for producing a dry product from shoots and / or seedlings, comprising the following method steps: 1. Mixing the shoots and / or seedlings with dried and comminuted dry product of the same shoots and / or seedlings up to a water content of the mixture in the range between 20 and 80%, 2. Pelleting the mixture, 3. Stepwise drying of the pellets in a fluidized bed apparatus O ₂ -reduced air or an oxygen-poor gas having a fluidization gas / drying gas velocity in the range of 1 to 5 m / s and a gas inlet moisture in the range between 0 and 5% relative humidity, wherein - in a first stage, the temperature of the pellets at the beginning of first stage in the range between -5 to + 40 ° C and at the end of the first stage in the range between 0 and + 70 ° C and the inlet temperature of the fluidization / drying gas in the range between +20 to + 100 ° C and these conditions Fluidized bed maintained between 5 and 20 min, - in a second stage, the temperature of the pellets at the end of the second S tufe in the range between 0 and + 50 ° C and the inlet temperature of the fluidization / drying gas in the range between 0 and + 40 ° C and these conditions of the fluidized bed between 5 and 40 minutes are maintained, - in a third stage, the temperature of the pellets at the end of the third stage in the range between + 5 and + 80 ° C and the inlet temperature of the fluidization / drying gas in the range between +20 and + 80 ° C and these conditions of the fluidized bed between 5 and 20 min maintained and - in one fourth stage, the temperature of the pellets at the end of the fourth stage in the range between -5 and + 25 ° C and the inlet temperature of the fluidization / drying gas in the range between - 5 and + 20 ° C and these conditions of the fluidized bed between 5 and 30 min 4. Classifying the dried pellets, with a separation of the undersize less than 1 mm and the oversize greater than 5 mm. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized characterized in that the separated oversize and up to 80% by mass the dried pellets gently on a particle diameter smaller than 0.5 mm and shredded together with the separated Unterkorn with fresh sprouts according to the 1st process step of the first claim are mixed. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized characterized in that the fluidization / drying gas in the circulation guided is, wherein it after leaving the fluidized bed apparatus first in a dust collector subjected to a dust cleaning, afterwards by means of an adsorber on a moisture content in the range between 0 to 5% relative humidity set and then before the re-introduction into the fluidized bed apparatus to the temperature the respective processing stage is tempered.