DE1017901B - Device for pressing and flaking plant material in preparation for drying or ensiling - Google Patents

Description

GERMAN

LIBRARY

DESO-GERMAN

PATENT OFFICE

The invention relates to a device for pressing and flaking vegetable matter for the purpose of preparation drying or ensiling.

The invention is based on the extremely difficult task of biologically advantageous drying a fibrous product made up of any mixture thicker or thinner, short or long Grasses or parts of it, such as beets, fruit or other sugary material that is used for preservation of green fodder and has some water content, i.e. in green, natural or artificial pre-wilted state is to be achieved with a minimum of heat input. So far it existed the fundamental disadvantage that of the grasses of different thicknesses that arise when mowing, either the thickest still contain a lot of moisture, if the finer grasses receive the biologically correct drying, or in the case of these finer grasses, the biologically valuable components due to overdrying are lost when the drying is carried out so far that even the thickest grasses a sufficient Experience drying.

The task itself is achieved by creating a screw press, which is the first loosely poured Presses well through a narrowing nozzle and feeds rotating milling cutters as a compact mass, which in turn are lined up obliquely on a rotating shaft by means of a swivel chuck, so that by the thrust on the rotating cutter, the mass is flaked. The flaking of the invention So good is done using fast-running milling cutters in Swivel chucks. This breaks the material down into small particles, hereinafter referred to as flakes. By this flaking exposes or opens a very large part of the plant cells.

When drying plant material, e.g. B. from flaked grass, can now be brought to the surface Water can be removed very easily by warm air. The dehydration process is thereby very strongly promoted, so that with relatively small drying facilities large quantities of plants, such as grass, Corn stalks, pomace, etc., can be dried in a very short time. The cost of the the facilities required for this can be kept small; in addition, the per kilogram is good Consumed heat is greatly reduced compared to dry processes without flaking the material.

When ensiling z. B. of grass by previous compacting and flaking are with previous Process used safety additives, such as mineral acids, formic acid, which as foreign substances are undesirable in and of themselves are no longer necessary. Formed by opening many cells during flaking enough juices that the lactic acid builders of

Device for pressing and flaking vegetable matter for the purpose of preparation

drying or ensiling

Applicant:
Dipl.-Ing. Norbert Felber, Zurich (Switzerland)

Representative: Dr.-Ing. O. Stürner, patent attorney,
Cal-w-Wimberg, Ostlandstr. 36

Claimed priority:
Switzerland from June 12, 1964

Dipl.-Ing. Norbert Felber, Zurich (Switzerland),
has been named as the inventor

Favor the beginning. The presence of lactic acid producers in large numbers at the same time suppresses the harmful organisms. Also enables the flaking of the vegetable matter the pulping into a compact mass.

The invention is not affected by the fact that the comminution of plant material such. B. of green fodder, is known per se prior to further drying or ensiling.

It is also known. Green fodder through a perforated disc to be pressed and cut with knives when exiting the holes. This means that the In contrast to the breakdown into fibers according to the invention, no flakes but crumbs are produced.

It should also be noted that in the device according to the invention 20 milling cutters next to one another can be arranged, each individual milling cutter having 100 teeth, so that 2000 cuts per revolution or 50,000 cuts per second. With the device known per se in which Green fodder pressed through a perforated disc and cut with knives as it exits the holes becomes, the effect of the present invention becomes neither in terms of quality nor in terms of performance achieved.

The invention will now be explained in more detail with reference to the drawing using an exemplary embodiment. Fig. 1 shows the plan,

Fig. 2 is a side view of a device for drying grass.

709 756/68

According to the invention, the basic arrangement of the device consists essentially of the screw press D and the rotating milling cutters B.

In the cylindrical housing D ₁ , a screw-shaped transport and press screw D _{7 is arranged} on the shaft D ₄ . The drive takes place via a gearbox by the drive motor M _D. The funnel D _{3 is} placed on the housing, through which the material, e.g. B. tufts of fresh grass tapering. The nutritional content of the grass is thus retained. The teeth of the rotating and pivoting cutters E ₁ , E ₂ , E ₃ , ... run past the mouth D _{4 of} the nozzle at high speed and flake the plant parts. For flaking it is important that the grass is compressed into a compact mass. The grass flakes fly onto the conveyor belt F, which feeds them to the actual dryer G.

In previous dry processes, the ge

gradually the run. As a result of this constriction, the material is gradually compressed into a compact mass. Immediately at the outlet of the nozzle there are a number of milling cutters E ₁ , E ₂ , E ₃ , ... which are placed in an inclined position on a rotating shaft E ₁₀ . As a result of the rotation, the cutters sway in the area of overlapping sections in front of the mouth of the nozzle, whereby the plants are completely and evenly milled into small flakes

flies onto the underlying conveyor belt and is subjected to further processing by this, namely for immediate drying, a drying device G supplied.

The device according to the invention requires further auxiliary devices for the supply of the fresh Grass from the brought transport cart. The mode of operation of the entire system is now on Hand of the drawing described in more detail as follows:

The grass is thrown onto the conveyor belt B from the grass pile A onto the transport trolley. A scraper or separator B ₁ ensures that there are always approximately the same amounts per unit of time in the separate

At the end (right) of the housing, a nozzle D ₂ narrows down 10 dried goods afterwards in hammer mills.

and then filled into sacks pneumatically. The use of the device according to the invention has the further advantage that the hammer mill is no longer necessary.

The device of the invention, namely parts A, B, C, D, E, can also be used for the preparation of ensiling.

Figs. 3, 4 and 5 show another, particularly

-. appropriate separator to be used with the charging. The drive of the shaft ₁₀ takes place with a high _ao device and the separator is combined and the speed by means of the motor M _E. The flaked material allowed the not completely saturated with steam

warm exhaust air from the dryer for pre-drying of the to exploit vegetable goods. "ll'ii

This separator consists of two superimposed Grid-shaped conveyor belts 1 and 2 and a circulating air duct 3. Through this circulating air duct it is practical if the warm exhaust air from the dryer flows through the conveyor belts from bottom to top. The method of operation is as follows: The material thrown from the feeder onto the conveyor belt 1 passes through the Scraper 4 in an even layer in the strong air flow in 3. This will attach the plant parts the upper conveyor belt 2 pressed and so, from

"_ Lower conveyor belt 1 lifted off, further transport

rator C. The separator C, _advantage by the general _{35 After} leaving the air flow zone are the mature foreign body in the grass will be removed, parts of plants is returned to the lower conveyor belt 1 of a rapidly rotating round disc, the verti- J3J _{e sc we} h remain ren foreign body is mounted despite the Luftkai and driven by the engine MC _s t _rO mes lying on the conveyor belt. 1 You will arrive. On the upper surface of the rotating disks _thereby loading _{the sc} h _ra g asked strip 5 and exit can be found radially arranged wings C. ₁ If now _{40 the} conveyor belt 1 laterally.

the grass, which is inevitable on farms. _The advantage of this separator is that as

Circulating air, at least partially, that is still moisture-absorbent Exhaust air from the dryer can be used. This preheats the vegetable matter and thus a better heat utilization is achieved. There is another advantage of this separator in that the conveyor belt 1 can be used for loading from the feeder.

“- The upper conveyor belt can also be omitted

Centrifugal force thrown away in the direction of the arrow _{50 or replaced by the upper guide grate} ,

will. As a result of the large _{differences in weight and if the air flow is inclined from below} J _{n Trans} . the large differences in effective air resistance _pO rtrichtung blows. This will give the grass stands for foreign body and the Grasbuschel clump an additional pass motion and covered the tufts already immediately after leaving _{{all ergt outside the} air current range back to the outlet opening in the funnel D _1, the heavy _{55 on the} conveyor belt back.

Foreign bodies, however, across the funnel D _{1. Instead of the} screw, rollers or

into the collecting container H. _ _two belts the vegetable, fibrous material of the nozzle

Through this facility C is the good, for. B. feed in _{front of the fibers.}

Grass, separated from foreign bodies, what should be done with consideration _For chopping beets, fruit or other things

on the following machine parts is very important, ₆ o sugary material that the preservation of

so that they are not damaged. The milling device can be used from above

If it contains foreign objects such as stones, pieces of metal, etc., if it falls on the rotating disk, it will Grass and foreign objects are thrown against the edge of the rotating discs.

The disc is surrounded at a small distance by a stationary sheet metal jacket C ₂ , so that grass and foreign bodies run along this until they get into the opening C ₃ and through this as a result of the

The grass enters the screw press D through the funnel D _3. The screw press presses the tufts of grass in a continuous operation through the nozzle D ₂ to form a compact strand of grass. Some of the water present on the surface already runs away, which is an advantage because this water does not have to be excreted by the dryer and does not contain important nutrients in significant quantities. A funnel is connected upstream by pressing, through which the mentioned goods, which do not require pressing, are fed.

Claims (7)

Patent pending: 1. Device for pressing and flaking vegetable matter in preparation for drying or ensiling, characterized by a Screw press, which presses the initially loosely poured material through a narrowing nozzle and as a feeds compact mass to rotating milling cutters, which in turn are inclined by means of swivel chucks a rotating shaft are lined up so that the push to the rotating cutter Mass is flaked. 2. Apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that the shredding machine is a Separator is connected upstream. 3. Apparatus according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that two rollers are provided, which compress the vegetable, fibrous material and feed it to the nozzle in front of the milling cutter. 4. Apparatus according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that two converging Conveyor belts are provided, which compress the vegetable, fibrous material and the nozzle feed in front of the milling cutters. 5. Apparatus according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that a vertically oriented A funnel is provided that feeds the solid plant material to the milling cutters. 6. Apparatus according to claim 2, characterized in that the separator consists of a conveyor belt exists, which runs over the opening of a circulating air duct, through which from below air flows upwards and swirls the tufts of grass upwards from the conveyor belt. 7. Apparatus according to claim 6, characterized in that a over the conveyor belt second is arranged, which intercepts the vortex movement of the grass. Considered publications:
German patents No. 487 361, 836 737,
018;
German patent application H 12224 IVa53g. 1 sheet of drawings © 709 756/68 10.