DE1017681B - Arrangement for switching off DC circuits - Google Patents

Description

The invention relates to the interruption of direct current circuits, in particular such DC circuits, characterized by the presence of considerable magnetic energy are.

It is known that the interruption of direct current circuits, ie the separation of the direct current circuits from the generators feeding them, causes difficulties which are all the more significant the greater the time constant of the circuit, ie the ratio of inductance to resistance LIR, the current strength / and are the magnetic energy stored in the circuit Vs LI ² .

These difficulties, which on the one hand, a heavy wear of the delete contacts and on the other hand cause an extension of the switch-off time and the burning time of the arc, whereby the extension increases in direct proportion to the stated values are a consequence of the management team and magnetic energy stored in the consumers (motors), which is located in the The isolating arc of the switch discharges and delays its extinction, as well as the power current Keeps the current path open so that the latter cannot be switched off as quickly as is desirable. the Usual magnetic blowing of the arc can cause the difficulties mentioned not to be noticeable remedy. But even if it succeeded under the specified conditions, a quick shutdown would take place achieved, the shutdown would almost always generate high overvoltages that are dangerous for the system.

It is known to extinguish the cut-off arc parallel to the cut-off contacts Provide a capacitor. However, in terms of its dimensions, the capacitor requires one quite a lot of additional effort. In addition, with the capacitor connected all the time due to its discharge via the closing switch-off contacts, the contacts are additionally stressed. If the capacitor is charged with opposite polarity to the arc after its emergence brought into effect with its counter-discharge are a special one for this Circuit complexity or special electrodes required. In addition, there can be a delay in do not avoid the extinguishing effect.

It is also already known that the magnetic loads stored in the consumer circuit to be switched off Destroy energy outside of the cut-off arc by parallel to the consumer Auxiliary circle is provided. If the auxiliary circuit is only switched on when necessary, it also requires additional mechanical switching devices.

Also the use of a rectifier in an arrangement for switching off
of DC circuits

Applicant:

Ets. Merlin & Gerin Societe Anonyme,
Grenoble (France)

Representative: Dipl.-Ing. W. Kuborn, patent attorney,
Düsseldorf, Am Wehrhahn SJ

Claimed priority:
France 22 February 1952

Georges Bouvier, La Croix, Grenoble (France),
has been named as the inventor

constantly switched off auxiliary circuit is known, the rectifier when the consumer is switched on Block the passage of current, but let the equalizing current through when switching off target. However, a rectifier is relatively expensive, especially at high operating voltages Switching element.

Finally, it is also known to put a quenching spark gap parallel to the switching contacts, which itself triggers an oscillation circle lying on it. At the moment of opening the switch contacts brings the voltage caused by the inductance of the working circuit to the spark gap to respond, causing a high-frequency oscillation process in the one at the spark gap Oscillation circuit is initiated, which destroys the energy of the voltage. To the high frequency vibrations away from the working group must be between the switch contacts and the

709 756/324

Claims (3)

3 4 Extinguishing spark gap still high-frequency chokes to bridge in the form of an auxiliary arc between the be orderly. This known arrangement requires both contacts. This is how the closed one is created So also a fair amount of additional circuit & -4-6-c-auxiliary arc &. At the same time exists borrowed circuit elements. a second closed circle + 1-a-main-light-die mentioned disadvantages of the known anbows - & - 4 - (- 1). The magnetic energy of the current orders are in the arrangement after the circle 3 and the consumer 4 can therefore be in finding avoided. The invention relates to a first-mentioned circuit discharged, specifically out of order to switch off one with direct current half of the main arc, which is now only from the fed consumer circuit, in which the power current fed into the consumer flowed through This is stored magnetic energy at the io. The interruption of the feed line, d. H. the Disconnection in an open auxiliary circuit outside of the extinguishing of the main arc is done in this way Cut-off arc is recorded, which is made much easier. Auxiliary circuit at the moment when the circuit diagram of a consumer circuit shown in Fig. 2 is switched off. According to the ER two-pole switch when expanding the invention, the auxiliary circuit is bc the air gaps by the 15 switch and ef by the gases ionized gases of the breakdown arc caused the arc, and de ionized. The magnetic ionization of an air energy in the auxiliary circuit is discharged in the circuit for-auxiliary-arc-c-ö-f path with the formation of an auxiliary arc-e-3-4-3- & shut-off arc, while in the sub-independent arc closed. Refractive arcs only affect the consumer 4 In this way, power will flow without the expense of 20 feeding power. Capacitors, rectifiers, oscillating circuits Fig. 3 shows a single-pole disconnector for and other additional circuit elements as well as circuits in which very strong currents flow from additional mechanical switching devices and a large amount of magnetic energy is stored for an effective and fast, lasting about 100 seconds. The switch has a main extinguishing chamber 7 and an auxiliary extinguishing chamber 9, which does not extinguish any significant overvoltages. Both of these allow sliding shutdown of the consumer. Arcing chambers are on suitable support plates. In addition, the wear and tear of the switching contacts, one of which forms the plate 11, is ordered. The extinguishing reduced and relocated to auxiliary electrodes, which chamber 7 contains the contacts α and b and which are cheaper and quickly and easily exchanged extinguishing or auxiliary contact g and the blowing coil 8. They can be. 30 auxiliary quenching chamber 9 contains the auxiliary contact c and For practical purposes, the arrangement is the blowing coil 10. In such a way that the auxiliary chamber located in the auxiliary circuit , in which the air gap is extinguished by a fixed main contact in the immediate vicinity, is constructed in such a way that on the one hand the fixed contact b contact is formed is that this of the 35 by a certain length in the auxiliary skammer 9 penetrates the cut-off arc generated ionized gases and that on the other hand can be deleted when opening the switch. In this case (separation of the contacts α and b) by the main, the cut-off arcs and the ionized gases generated at the auxiliary contact arc penetrate into the auxiliary arcs formed in two separate arcing chambers 9 and are extinguished between the fixed chambers by, for example, each arc 40 clock b and the auxiliary electrode c produce a conductive connection arc through a special coil magnetically blown manure. The auxiliary circuit & -C-6-10-4- & will. is thereby closed, and the magnetic The drawing illustrates an execution energy of the consumer circuit can be discharged in this example of the invention, but without the invention on the auxiliary circuit. to limit the embodiment. 45 Resistor 6 is included in the auxiliary circuit - Fig. 1 shows the circuit diagram of a single-pole switched, which is used to limit the initial value of the switch; Short-circuit current is used, which at the moment ent-Fig. 2 illustrates the circuit diagram of a two-pole switch in which the auxiliary circuit is closed; and the magnetic energy suddenly turns to Fig. 3 shows the structure schematically and the charging begins. In the same circle is the turn of a single pole switch. coil 10 is provided, which is of the same current In Fig. 1, 1 denotes the direct current generator. is traversed like the resistor 6 and one and 3 are the feed line of the consumer 4. Magnetic field is generated, the fast extinguishing is a single-pole switch according to the invention, the between the main contact b and the auxiliary connector the moving main contact α and the 55 clock c is used for a burning auxiliary arc. fixed main contact b has an auxiliary contact c .
The latter is arranged in the vicinity of the fixed contact. The contact α is on a pole of the patent claim · generator 1, the contact b on a terminal of the MENTANSPRüCHh. Consumer 4 and the auxiliary contact c via the 60 Resistor 6 to the other terminal of the 1. Arrangement for switching off a DC connected to the consumer 4, which in turn is supplied with the electricity consumer circuit, in which other pole of the generator 1 is connected. the magnetic energy stored in it The function of the switch is as follows: when switching off in an open auxiliary circuit As soon as the 65 outside of the cut-off arc is recorded during the interruption process Contact α separates from contact b , is created, with the auxiliary circle at the moment of the an interruption switch of the consumer circuit is closed between both contacts, electric arc. The ionized generated by this characterized in that the closing of the Gases sweep the auxiliary circuit air gap almost instantly with the ionized gases between b and c and represent a conductive 70 of the cut-off arc caused ionization in the auxiliary circuit under formation an arc independent of the cut-off arc occurs. 2. Arrangement according to claim 1, characterized in that the air gap of the auxiliary circuit is arranged so that they are from the ionized gases generated by the cut-off arc is coated. 3. Arrangement according to claim 2, characterized in that the switch-off arc and the Auxiliary arcs occurring at the auxiliary contact are extinguished separately in two arcing chambers. Considered publications:
German Patent Nos. 521636, 565 491, 869, 615 623, 678 745. 1 sheet of drawings © 709 756/324 10.57