DE10143414A1 - Dual-cure polysiloxane sol for use e.g. in clearcoats for painting cars, obtained by hydrolysis of organosilicon compounds with blocked isocyanate groups in presence of unsaturated compounds with isocyanate-reactive groups - Google Patents

Abstract

Dual-cure polysiloxane sols, obtained by hydrolysis and condensation of hydrolyzable organosilicon compounds with blocked isocyanate groups in presence of compounds containing light-activatable unsaturated groups and isocyanate-reactive groups. Thermally- and radiation-curable (dual-cure) polysiloxane sols, obtained by hydrolysis and condensation of (A) hydrolyzable silicon compounds of formula (I) XmSi(R-Yn)4-m (I) m, n = 1, 2 or 3; X = a hydrolyzable group; R = a non-hydrolyzable divalent organic residue; Y = a blocked isocyanate group in presence of (B) compounds containing at least one reactive group with light-activatable bond(s) and at least one isocyanate-reactive functional group. An Independent claim is also included for a method for the production of these dual-cure sols by hydrolysis and condensation of (I) with the addition of compounds (B) before, during and/or after hydrolysis and condensation.

Description

The present invention relates to new thermal and actinic radiation curable polysiloxane brine. The present invention also relates to a new one Process for the preparation of curable thermally and with actinic radiation Polysiloxane sols. The present invention further relates to the use of the new polysiloxane brine curable thermally and with actinic radiation Coating materials, adhesives and sealants or as components Coating materials, adhesives curable thermally and with actinic radiation and sealants.

Here and in the following is electromagnetic under actinic radiation Radiation, such as near infrared (NIR), visible light, UV radiation or X-rays, especially UV radiation, or corpuscular radiation, such as Electron radiation to understand. The common hardening of Coating materials, adhesives and sealants with heat and actinic Radiation is also called dual-cure by experts.

Polysiloxane brine curable thermally and with actinic radiation (dual-cure Polysiloxane brine) have been known for a long time. You will, for example, under the Brand Ormocer® (organically modified ceramic) distributed and serve the Production of comparatively thin, scratch-resistant coatings.

For example, German patent application DE 199 10 876 A1 shows a coating with a thickness of 2 to 18 μm, which is obtained by hydrolysis and condensation of a coating material with 20 to 100 mol%, based on the monomeric starting components, of a hydrolyzable silicon compound of the general formula I

X _m SiR _4-m -Y _n (I),

will be produced. In the general formula I, X denotes a hydrolyzable radical. R stands for a non-hydrolyzable divalent organic radical and Y stands for a blocked isocyanate group. The indices m and n independently of one another represent 1, 2 or 3. The hydrolyzable silicon compound I can be crosslinked not only via the hydrolysis and condensation of the radicals X, but also via the blocked isocyanate groups with compounds which contain isocyanate-reactive groups. The coating materials can be cured by heat treatment and / or by treatment with radiation, preferably IR, electron radiation, UV or microwaves.

The hydrolysis and condensation of the hydrolyzable silicon compound I in the Presence of compounds that have at least one reactive functional group with at least one bond which can be activated with actinic radiation and contain at least one isocyanate-reactive functional group German patent application does not emerge. In addition, the use of the known coating material for modifying known dual Cure coating materials not described.

German patent application DE 38 36 815 A1 describes a process for producing scratch-resistant coatings by hydrolysis and condensation of at least one silicon compound of the general formula

R _m SiX _4-m

known. Here R stands for a non-hydrolyzable radical which can also contain, inter alia, olefinically unsaturated double bonds. The radical X stands for a hydrolyzable radical. The known coating materials also contain at least one polyfunctional organic compound with activatable functional groups. These compounds are preferably blocked polyisocyanates and polyesters.

The hydrolysis and condensation of the hydrolyzable silicon compound in the Presence of compounds that have at least one reactive functional group with at least one bond which can be activated with actinic radiation and contain at least one isocyanate-reactive functional groups German patent application does not emerge. In addition, the use of the known coating material for modifying known dual Cure coating materials not described.

A method for imagewise coating of substrates is known from European patent application EP 0 365 027 A2. A coating material is used which, by hydrolysis and condensation of 25 to 100 mol% of at least one silicon compound of the formula

R'SiR ₃

can be produced. Herein, R 'denotes a group which is stable to hydrolysis and can be polymerized thermally and / or with actinic radiation, and R is a hydrolyzable radical. Residues containing epoxy groups and / or carbon-carbon double bonds are used as polymerizable groups.

Compounds can also be added to the coating materials are also accessible to polymerization. Reactive are exemplary (Meth) acrylate monomers, such as dipropylene glycol diacrylate, tripropylene glycol diacrylate, Trimethylol propane diacrylate, pentaerythritol triacrylate, pentaerythritol tetraacrylate, Urethane dimethacrylate, 1,6-hexanediol dimethacrylate, 1,6-hexanediol diacrylate and the corresponding prepolymers, listed and side by side as equivalent posed. That is, trimethylol propane diacrylate and pentaerythritol triacrylate, the 2nd or 3 reactive functional groups with one with actinic radiation activatable bond and contain an isocyanate-reactive hydroxyl group, none special technical effect is attributed.

After the application of the known coating material to a substrate, the resulting wet layer by point heating or by imagewise Exposure hardened, after which the non-hardened areas with the help of Solvents and / or diluted alkalis are removed.

The use of the known coating materials for the modification itself well-known dual-cure coating materials is used in the European Patent application not described.

From European patent application EP 0 450 625 A1 a method for Coating of plastic substrates known, in which one Coating material used by hydrolysis and condensation of hydrolyzable silicon compound is produced. The hydrolyzable Silicon compound contain 1 to 40 mol% of non-hydrolyzable groups that have ethylenically unsaturated bonds. They also contain Silicon compound with non-hydrolyzable groups that have a Feature Mercaptorest. The applied coating materials are included hardened actinic radiation and optionally thermally hardened. Alternatively, you can they are only thermally hardened.

The hydrolysis and condensation of the hydrolyzable silicon compounds in the Presence of compounds that have at least one reactive functional group with at least one bond which can be activated with actinic radiation and contain at least one isocyanate-reactive functional groups German patent application does not emerge. In addition, the use of the known coating material for modifying known dual Cure coating materials not described.

The well-known dual-cure coating materials based on hydrolyzable Polysiloxane sols provide scratch-resistant coatings. The liability of Coatings on the substrates often left a lot to be desired. Besides, it is because of the comparatively low solids content of the well-known dual-cure Coating materials not possible or only possible with comparatively great effort, To produce coatings with a layer thickness> 10 µm. That's why it is difficult and procedurally complex, large-area substrates, such as for example painted automobile bodies with the well-known dual-cure Coating materials based on hydrolyzable polysiloxane sols to be scratch-proof.

From European patent application EP 0 872 500 A1 are thermal curable coating materials based on hydroxyl-containing polyesters and blocked polyisocyanates known to be scratch-resistant coatings Deliver a layer thickness of 20 to 40 µm. The blocked polyisocyanates are made by using a silane such as N- (3-trimethoxysilylpropyl) - diethyl aspartate, reacted with colloidal metal oxides. The implementation can also in the presence of siloxanes containing vinyl and allyl groups be performed. However, these connections are made with numerous others Called siloxanes that do not contain vinyl and allyl groups in one breath, and no possible dual cure is indicated. The well-known Coating materials are therefore only thermally crosslinked.

Dual-cure coating materials, especially dual-cure clearcoats, which are thermal and / or constituents curable with actinic radiation, such as binders, Containing crosslinking agents and optionally reactive diluents for example from German patent applications DE 198 18 735 A1, DE 199 08 013 A1, DE 199 08 018 A1, DE 199 20 799 A1 or DE 199 20 801 A1, European patent application EP 0 928 800 A1 or international Patent application WO 98/40170 known.

The previously known dual-cure clearcoats and those made from them Coatings have a very advantageous property profile, which it too get valid.

However, the well-known dual-cure clear coats show in continuous Painting process, such as in continuous operation in the painting system a motor vehicle factory, certain weaknesses. In these The applied dual-cure clear coats are applied to the car bodies first dried at higher temperatures and thermally hardened, after which immediately afterwards if possible without substantial cooling with UV Radiation can be cured.

Since the bodies represent complex three-dimensional substrates, they have numerous shadow zones, such as cavities, folds and others construction-related undercuts or edges. The optimal in particular complete, illumination of the shadow zones with UV radiation but very complex and time-consuming in terms of equipment and control technology, because of this additional spot, small area and all-round emitters, connected with automatic movement devices must be used.

However, if optimal illumination is dispensed with, previously had to be bought be taken that the resulting coatings or coatings in the shaded areas an unsatisfactory application Have property profile. In particular, they do not achieve scratch resistance and Chemical resistance of the fully hardened coatings or Paint outside the shadow areas. This cannot only be the case later Problems with the use of motor vehicles, but already with the further Painting process in the painting plant and in the further manufacturing process, for example when installing seats, doors, windows, electrical parts and Motors in the painted bodies. This can easily damage the Paintings come through mechanical and chemical effects.

The problems described above also occur with dual-cure Sealing compounds and adhesives of the state of the art and the same manufactured seals and adhesive layers.

• A) mindestens ein Vernetzungsmittel, enthaltend im statistischen Mittel mindestens eine blockierte Isocyanatgruppe und mindestens eine funktionelle Gruppe mit mindestens einer mit aktinischer Strahlung aktivierbaren Bindung im Molekül, und
• B) mindestens ein Bindemittel mit im statistischen Mittel mindestens einer isocyanatreaktiven funktionellen Gruppe

enthält. Darüber hinaus kann der Dual-Cure-Beschichtungsstoff noch die unterschiedlichsten Zusatzstoffe enthalten; Polysiloxan-Sole werden indes nicht erwähnt. In the unpublished German patent application DE 100 41 635.7, a dual-cure coating material is described which

• A) at least one crosslinking agent containing, on average, at least one blocked isocyanate group and at least one functional group with at least one bond which can be activated with actinic radiation in the molecule, and
• B) at least one binder with a statistical average of at least one isocyanate-reactive functional group

contains. In addition, the dual-cure coating material can also contain a wide variety of additives; However, no mention is made of polysiloxane brine.

The object of the present invention is to create new ones thermally and with actinic ones To provide radiation-curable polysiloxane brine (dual-cure polysiloxane brine), by hydrolysis and condensation of at least one hydrolyzable Silicon compound can be produced and as such as a dual-cure Coating materials, adhesives and sealants for manufacturing highly scratch-resistant coatings, adhesive layers and seals are used can be. The new dual-cure polysiloxane brines are said to be Establish room temperature and have it stored.

In particular, however, the new dual-cure polysiloxane sols are intended as components of known dual-cure coating materials, adhesives and Sealants, especially dual-cure clearcoats, can be used. They should be in the new dual-cure coating materials, adhesives and - Sealants do not cause turbidity, but can be distributed homogeneously.

Furthermore, the new dual-cure coating materials, especially the new ones Dual-cure clear coats, without special technical coatings, especially clear coats, with a high layer thickness, which is suitable for their technical function is necessary and advantageous to deliver. In doing so especially the new clear coats have a high gloss, high clarity, high condensation resistance, excellent Interlayer adhesion, high hardness even in the shadow areas of Substrates, a high scratch resistance as well as a very good one Have weather resistance and chemical resistance.

• A) mindestens einer hydrolysierbaren Siliziumverbindung der allgemeinen Formel I:
  
  X_mSi(R-Y_n)_4-m (I),
  
  worin die Indizes und die Variablen die folgende Bedeutung haben:
  m 1, 2 oder 3;
  n 1, 2 oder 3;
  X hydrolysierbarer Rest;
  R nicht hydrolysierbarer zweibindiger organischer Rest;
  Y blockierte Isocyanatgruppe;

in der Gegenwart von

• A) mindestens einer Verbindung, enthaltend mindestens eine reaktive funktionelle Gruppe mit mindestens einer mit aktinischer Strahlung aktivierbaren Bindung und mindestens einer isocyanatreaktiven funktionellen Gruppe;

herstellbar sind. Accordingly, the new thermally and actinic radiation-curable polysiloxane sols have been found by hydrolysis and condensation

• A) at least one hydrolyzable silicon compound of the general formula I:
  
  X _m Si (RY _n ) _4-m (I),
  
  where the indices and the variables have the following meaning:
  m 1, 2 or 3;
  n 1, 2 or 3;
  X hydrolyzable residue;
  R non-hydrolyzable divalent organic residue;
  Y blocked isocyanate group;

in the presence of

• A) at least one compound containing at least one reactive functional group with at least one bond which can be activated with actinic radiation and at least one isocyanate-reactive functional group;

are producible.

In the following, the new ones are curable thermally and with actinic radiation For the sake of brevity, polysiloxane brine is referred to as "brine according to the invention".

• A) mindestens einer hydrolysierbaren Siliziumverbindung der allgemeinen Formel I:
  
  X_mSi(R-Y_n)_4-m (I),
  
  worin die Indizes und die Variablen die folgende Bedeutung haben:
  m 1, 2 oder 3;
  n 1, 2 oder 3;
  X hydrolysierbarer Rest;
  R nicht hydrolysierbarer zweibindiger organischer Rest;
  Y blockierte Isocyanatgruppe;

in der Gegenwart von

• A) mindestens einer Verbindung, enthaltend mindestens eine reaktive funktionelle Gruppe mit mindestens einer mit aktinischer Strahlung aktivierbaren Bindung und mindestens einer isocyanatreaktiven funktionellen Gruppe;

gefunden. In addition, the new process for the production of thermally and actinic radiation curable polysiloxane sols by hydrolysis and condensation

• A) at least one hydrolyzable silicon compound of the general formula I:
  
  X _m Si (RY _n ) _4-m (I),
  
  where the indices and the variables have the following meaning:
  m 1, 2 or 3;
  n 1, 2 or 3;
  X hydrolyzable residue;
  R non-hydrolyzable divalent organic residue;
  Y blocked isocyanate group;

in the presence of

• A) at least one compound containing at least one reactive functional group with at least one bond which can be activated with actinic radiation and at least one isocyanate-reactive functional group;

found.

The following is the new method of manufacturing thermally and with actinic radiation curable polysiloxane brine for brevity "Process according to the invention" referred to.

Furthermore, the new use of the brine according to the invention as dual Cure coating materials, adhesives and sealants for the production of highly scratch-resistant coatings, adhesive layers and seals found.

Last but not least, the new use of the brine according to the invention was Part of dual-cure coating materials, adhesives and -Sealing compounds, especially of dual-cure clearcoats, for the production of Coatings, adhesive layers and seals, in particular from Clear coats found.

Further subjects of the invention are evident from the description.

In view of the prior art, it was surprising and for the One skilled in the art could not have foreseen that the object of the present invention basis, could be solved with the help of the brine according to the invention. It was particularly surprising that the brine according to the invention at room temperature could be manufactured and stored, which logistically, apparatus, procedural and security technology is of great advantage.

In particular, it was because of the different material composition was not to be expected that the brine according to the invention could easily be found in known dual-cure coating materials, adhesives and - Have sealants incorporated without causing clouding or Precipitation of components came. In particular, this enabled production of new dual-cure clear coats, in which opacities are used for Production of high quality clearcoats made impossible from the start have.

It was also surprising that the dual-cure clearcoats according to the invention also in the shadow zones of complex shaped substrates, such as Motor vehicle bodies, hard and scratch-resistant clearcoats supplied by the further manufacturing process of the motor vehicles in question in the line were more easily damaged.

Overall, the extraordinarily broad applicability of the brine according to the invention, which are pigmented and unpigmented Dual-cure coating materials over pigmented and unpigmented Adhesives to pigmented and unpigmented sealants tensed.

The sols according to the invention can be prepared by hydrolysis and condensation of at least one hydrolyzable silicon compound (A) of the general formula I:

X _m Si (RY _n ) _4-m (I).

In the general formula I, the index m stands for 1, 2 or 3, in particular 1.

Regardless of this, the index n stands for 1, 2 or 3, in particular 1.

• a) Substituierte und unsubstituierte, kein oder mindestens ein Heteroatom in der Kette und/oder im Ring enthaltende, lineare oder verzweigte Alkane, Alkene, Cycloalkane, Cycloalkene, Alkylcycloalkane, Alkylcycloalkene, Alkenylcycloalkane oder Alkenylcycloalkene;
• b) substituierte und unsubstituierte Aromaten oder Heteroamaten; sowie
• c) Alkyl-, Alkenyl-, Cycloalkyl-, Cycloalkenyl-, Alkylcyloalkyl-, Alkylcycloalkenyl-, Alkenylcycloalkyl- oder Alkenylcycloalkenyl-substitiuierte Aromaten oder Heteroaromaten, deren Substituenten substituiert oder unsubstituiert sind und kein oder mindestens ein Heteroatom in ihrer Kette und/oder ihrem Ring enthalten;

ausgewählt. The radical R represents a non-hydrolyzable, double-bonded organic radical. The radical R is preferably selected from the group consisting of double-bonded radicals which are derived from at least one of the following organic compounds:

• a) Substituted and unsubstituted, linear or branched alkanes, alkenes, cycloalkanes, cycloalkenes, alkylcycloalkanes, alkylcycloalkenes, alkenylcycloalkanes or alkenylcycloalkenes containing no or at least one heteroatom in the chain and / or in the ring;
• b) substituted and unsubstituted aromatics or heteroamates; such as
• c) alkyl, alkenyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkenyl, alkylcyloalkyl, alkylcycloalkenyl, alkenylcycloalkyl or alkenylcycloalkenyl-substituted aromatics or heteroaromatics, their substituents are substituted or unsubstituted and no or at least one heteroatom in their chain and / or their ring contain;

selected.

Examples of suitable heteroatoms are oxygen, nitrogen, boron, silicon, Sulfur or phosphorus atoms.

Examples of suitable substituents for the radicals mentioned above are R. Halogen atoms, especially fluorine and chlorine atoms, nitro groups or Nitrile groups and those in German patent application DE 199 10 876 A1, Page 2, lines 42 to 45, described substituents.

Examples of suitable aromatics are benzene and naphthalene.

Examples of suitable heteroaromatics are thiophene, pyridine or triazine.

Examples of suitable alkanes are those with 2 to 20 carbon atoms in the molecule such as Ethane, propane, butane, isobutane, pentane, neopentane, hexane, heptane, octane, Isooctane, nonane, dodecane, hexadecane or eicosane.

Examples of suitable alkenes are ethylene and propylene.

Examples of suitable cycloalkanes are cyclopentane and cyclohexane.

Examples of suitable cycloalkenes are cyclopentene and cyclohexene.

Examples of suitable alkylcycloalkanes are methylcyclopentane and Methylcyclohexane.

Examples of suitable alkylcycloalkenes are methylcyclopentene and Methylenecyclohexene.

Examples of suitable alkenylcycloalkanes are allyl- and vinylcyclopentane and allyl- and vinylcyclohexane.

Examples of suitable alkenylcycloalkenes are vinylcyclopentene and Vinylcyclohexene.

Examples of suitable alkyl, alkenyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkenyl, alkylcycloalkyl, Are alkylcycloalkenyl, alkenylcycloalkyl or alkenylcycloalkenyl substituents Methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, sec.-butyl, tert.-butyl, vinyl, allyl, Cyclohexyl, cyclohexenyl, 4-methylcyclohexyl, 4-methylcyclohexenyl, 3- Allylcyclohexenyl or 4-vinylcyclohexenyl.

Further examples of suitable radicals R are from the German patent application DE 199 10 876 A1, page 2, lines 40 to 42, are known.

The radicals R are preferably derived from organic compounds which are used as those are unsubstituted or their substituents are unsubstituted.

These compounds advantageously also do not contain any heteroatoms in theirs Chains and / or in their rings and / or in their chains and / or rings Substitutienten.

Particular advantages result if the radicals R are linear alkanes derive which meet the advantageous conditions mentioned above. Additional benefits result when they differ from ethane, propane, or butane, or pentane Derive hexa, especially propane.

The radicals Y are blocked isocyanate groups.

• a) Phenolen, wie Phenol, Cresol, Xylenol, Nitrophenol, Chlorophenol, Ethylphenol, tert.-Butylphenol, Hydroxybenzoesäure, Ester dieser Säure oder 2,5-di-tert.-Butyl-4-hydroxytoluol;
• b) Lactamen, wie ε-Caprolactam, δ-Valerolactam, γ-Butyrolactam oder β- Propiolactam;
• c) aktiven methylenischen Verbindungen, wie Diethylmalonat, Dimethylmalonat, Acetessigsäureethyl- oder -methylester oder Acetylaceton;
• d) Alkoholen, wie Methanol, Ethanol, n-Propanol, Isopropanol, n-Butanol, Isobutanol, t-Butanol, n-Amylalkohol, t-Amylalkohol, Laurylalkohol, Ethylenglykolmonomethylether, Ethylenglykolmonoethylether, Ethylenglykolmonopropylether, Ethylenglykolmonobutylether, Diethylenglykolmonomethylether, Diethylenglykolmonoethylether, Propylenglykolmonomethylether, Methoxymethanol, Glykolsäure, Glykolsäureester, Milchsäure, Milchsäureester, Methylolharnstoff, Methylolmelamin, Diacetonalkohol, Ethylenchlorohydrin, Ethylenbromhydrin, 1,3-Dichloro-2-propanol, 1,4-Cyclohexyldimethanol oder Acetocyanhydrin;
• e) Mercaptanen, wie Butylmercaptan, Hexylmercaptan, t-Butylmercaptan, t- Dodecylmercaptan, 2-Mercaptobenzothiazol, Thiophenol, Methylthiophenol oder Ethylthiophenol;
• f) Säureamiden, wie Acetoanilid, Acetoanisidinamid, Acrylamid, Methacrylamid, Essigsäureamid, Stearinsäureamid oder Benzamid;
• g) Imiden, wie Succinimid, Phthalimid oder Maleimid;
• h) Aminen, wie Diphenylamin, Phenylnaphthylamin, Xylidin, N-Phenylxylidin, Carbazol, Anilin, Naphihylamin, Butylamin, Dibutylamin oder Butylphenylamin;
• i) Imidazolen, wie Imidazol oder 2-Ethylimidazol;
• j) Harnstoffen, wie Harnstoff, Thioharnstoff, Ethylenharnstoff, Ethylenthioharnstoff oder 1,3-Diphenylharnstoff;
• k) Carbamaten, wie N-Phenylcarbamidsäurephenylester oder 2-Oxazolidon;
• l) Iminen, wie Ethylenimin;
• m) Oximen, wie Acetonoxim, Formaldoxim, Acetaldoxim, Acetoxim, Methylethylketoxim, Diisobutylketoxim, Diacetylmonoxim, Benzophenonoxim oder Chlorohexanonoxime;
• n) Salzen der schwefeligen Säure, wie Natriumbisulfit oder Kaliumbisulfit;
• o) Hydroxamsäureestern, wie Benzylmethacrylohydroxamat (BMH) oder Allylmethacrylohydroxamat; oder
• p) substituierten Pyrazolen und Triazolen; sowie
• q) Gemischen dieser Blockierungsmittel;

ausgewählt. Bevorzugt werden substituierte Pyrazole, wie sie beispielsweise aus der europäischen Patentanmeldung EP 0 159 117 A1 bekannt sind, und Triazole, wie 1,2,4-Triazol, sowie Gemische aus substituierten Pyrazolen und Triazolen verwendet. A customary and known blocking agent can be used as the blocking agent for producing the blocked isocyanate groups. The blocking agents are preferably selected from the group consisting of

• a) phenols, such as phenol, cresol, xylenol, nitrophenol, chlorophenol, ethylphenol, tert-butylphenol, hydroxybenzoic acid, esters of this acid or 2,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxytoluene;
• b) lactams, such as ε-caprolactam, δ-valerolactam, γ-butyrolactam or β-propiolactam;
• c) active methylenic compounds, such as diethyl malonate, dimethyl malonate, ethyl or methyl acetoacetate or acetylacetone;
• d) alcohols, such as methanol, ethanol, n-propanol, isopropanol, n-butanol, isobutanol, t-butanol, n-amyl alcohol, t-amyl alcohol, lauryl alcohol, ethylene glycol monomethyl ether, ethylene glycol monoethyl ether, ethylene glycol monopropyl ether, ethylene glycol monobutyl ether, diethylene glycol monomethyl glycol ether, methylene ether, methyl monomethyl glycol ether, diethylene glycol monomethyl glycol ether, diethylene glycol monomethyl ether glycol , Glycolic acid, glycolic acid ester, lactic acid, lactic acid ester, methylolurea, methylolmelamine, diacetone alcohol, ethylene chlorohydrin, ethylene bromohydrin, 1,3-dichloro-2-propanol, 1,4-cyclohexyldimethanol or acetocyanhydrin;
• e) mercaptans, such as butyl mercaptan, hexyl mercaptan, t-butyl mercaptan, t-dodecyl mercaptan, 2-mercaptobenzothiazole, thiophenol, methylthiophenol or ethylthiophenol;
• f) acid amides, such as acetoanilide, acetoanisidinamide, acrylamide, methacrylamide, acetic acid amide, stearic acid amide or benzamide;
• g) imides such as succinimide, phthalimide or maleimide;
• h) amines, such as diphenylamine, phenylnaphthylamine, xylidine, N-phenylxylidine, carbazole, aniline, naphihylamine, butylamine, dibutylamine or butylphenylamine;
• i) imidazoles, such as imidazole or 2-ethylimidazole;
• j) ureas, such as urea, thiourea, ethylene urea, ethylene thiourea or 1,3-diphenyl urea;
• k) carbamates, such as phenyl N-phenylcarbamate or 2-oxazolidone;
• l) imines, such as ethyleneimine;
• m) oximes, such as acetone oxime, formal doxime, acetaldoxime, acetoxime, methyl ethyl ketoxime, diisobutyl ketoxime, diacetyl monoxime, benzophenone oxime or chlorohexanone oxime;
• n) salts of the sulfurous acid, such as sodium bisulfite or potassium bisulfite;
• o) hydroxamic acid esters, such as benzyl methacrylohydroxamate (BMH) or allyl methacrylohydroxamate; or
• p) substituted pyrazoles and triazoles; such as
• q) mixtures of these blocking agents;

selected. Substituted pyrazoles, such as are known for example from European patent application EP 0 159 117 A1, and triazoles, such as 1,2,4-triazole, and mixtures of substituted pyrazoles and triazoles are preferably used.

The radicals X of the general formula I are monovalent hydrolyzable residues.

The radicals X are preferably selected from the group consisting of Hydrogen atoms and halogen atoms, hydroxyl groups and primary and secondary amino groups and substituted and unsubstituted alkoxy, Cycloalkoxy, aryloxy, acyloxy, alkoxycarbonyl, cycloalkoxycarbonyl and Aryloxycarbonyl groups. The hydrolyzable are preferred X radicals from the group of alkoxy groups having 1 to 4 carbon atoms in the Alkylene radical, in particular methoxy, ethoxy, n-propoxy, i-propoxy, n-butoxy, tert-butoxy and sec-butoxy groups, especially methoxy and ethoxy groups, selected.

Examples of particularly advantageous ones to be used according to the invention Hydrolyzable silicon compounds (A) are 3-isocyanatopropyl-trimethoxysilane triethoxysilane, dimethoxy ethoxy silane, methoxy diethoxy silane, di (3- isocyanatopropyl) -dimethoxysilane, -diethoxysilane and -methoxy-ethoxysilane and Tris (3-isocyanatopropyl) methoxysilane and ethoxysilane, especially 3- Isocyanatopropyl-triethoxysilane with a stoichiometric amount of blocking agents described above have been blocked.

The amount of hydrolyzable silicon compounds (A) used to make the brine according to the invention used by the method according to the invention can vary widely and depends on the requirements of the individual case. The hydrolyzable silicon compounds (A) are preferably in one Amount of 1 to 50, preferably 2 to 45, particularly preferably 3 to 40, whole particularly preferably 4 to 35 and in particular 5 to 30% by weight, in each case based on the total amount of raw materials used.

• a) mindestens eine, vorzugsweise mindestens zwei, besonders bevorzugt mindestens drei, ganz besonders bevorzugt mindestens vier und insbesondere fünf reaktive funktionelle Gruppe(n) mit mindestens einer, insbesondere einer, mit aktinischer Strahlung aktivierbaren Bindung und
• b) mindestens eine, insbesondere eine, isocyanatreaktive funktionelle Gruppe,

hydrolysiert und kondensiert. According to the invention, the hydrolyzable silicon compounds (A) of the general formula I described above are present in the presence of at least one compound (B)

• a) at least one, preferably at least two, particularly preferably at least three, very particularly preferably at least four and in particular five reactive functional group (s) with at least one, in particular one, bond which can be activated with actinic radiation and
• b) at least one, in particular one, isocyanate-reactive functional group,

hydrolyzed and condensed.

They can be used during the process according to the invention before and / or after, especially before, the hydrolysis and condensation hydrolyzable silicon compounds (A) are added.

Examples of suitable bonds which can be activated with actinic radiation are Carbon-hydrogen single bonds or carbon-carbon, Carbon-oxygen, carbon-nitrogen, carbon-phosphorus or Carbon-silicon single bonds or double bonds. Of these will be the double bonds, especially the carbon-carbon double bonds ("Double bonds"), preferably used.

Suitable double bonds are, for example, in (meth) acrylate, Ethacrylate, crotonate, cinnamate, vinyl ether, vinyl ester, ethenylarylene, Dicyclopentadienyl, norbornenyl, isoprenyl, isoprenyl, isopropenyl, allyl or butenyl; Ethenylarylene, dicyclopentadienyl, norbornenyl, isoprenyl, Isopropenyl, allyl or butenyl ether groups or ethenylarylene, Dicyclopentadienyl, norbornenyl, isoprenyl, isopropenyl, allyl or Butenyl ester groups. Of these, (meth) acrylate groups are special Advantage and are therefore used with particular preference.

Examples of suitable isocyanate-reactive functional groups are thiol groups, Hydroxyl groups and primary and secondary amino groups, in particular Hydroxyl groups.

Examples of suitable compounds (B) are from the German patent application DE 198 18 735 A1, column 2, lines 24 to 36, column 3, line 16, to column 6, Line 33, and column 6, lines 34 to 68, known. Examples are well suited Pentaerythritol triacrylate, which is sold under the brand Sartomer® 444 D by Cray Valley, France, and Dipentaerythritol Pentaacrylate sold under of the Sartomer® 399 brand is sold by the same company.

The content of the compounds (B) in the brine according to the invention can likewise vary widely and depends on the requirements of the individual case. The compounds (B) are preferably used in an amount of 1 to 60, preferably 2 to 50, particularly preferably 3 to 40, very particularly preferably 5 to 35 and in particular 10 to 30 wt .-%, each based on the total amount of the starting products.

In the case of hydrolysis and condensation, at least one of the following can also be used Compounds (C) to (G) described may be present as the starting product.

For example, in the process according to the invention, the hydrolysis and condensation in the presence of at least one hydrolyzable silicon compound (C) of the general formula II:

X _m Si (RZ _n ) _4-m (II),

in which the indices m and n and the variables X and R have the meanings given above.

In general formula II, Z represents one of those described above isocyanate-reactive functional groups, especially an amino group, a of the reactive functional groups described above with at least a bond that can be activated with actinic radiation and / or an epoxy group.

Examples of suitable hydrolyzable silicon compounds (C) of the general Formula II are from German patent application DE 199 10 876 A1, page 2, Line 56, to page 3, line 2 of European patent application EP 0 450 625 A1, Page 3, line 42, to page 4, line 9, of European patent application EP 0 365 027 A2, Page 3, lines 16 to 31, of German patent application DE 38 36 815 A1, Page 2, line 57, to page 3, line 31, or the European one Patent application EP 0 872 500 A1, page 4, lines 37 to 49, known.

3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane, 3- Methacryloxypropyltrimethoxysilane and glycidoxypropyltrimethoxysilane.

If used, the amount of hydrolyzable silicon compounds (C) of the general formula II used for the production of the brine according to the invention is used by the method according to the invention, vary widely and depends on the requirements of the individual case. Preferably the hydrolyzable silicon compounds (C) in an amount of 1 to 45, preferred 2 to 40, particularly preferably 3 to 35, very particularly preferably 4 to 30 and in particular 5 to 25 wt .-%, each based on the total amount of Starting products, used.

The hydrolysis and condensation can furthermore be carried out in the presence of at least one hydrolyzable silicon compound (D) of the general formula III:

X _p SiR ' _4-p (III),

wherein the index p = 1, 2, 3 or 4, in particular 2, 3 or 4, X is at least one of the hydrolyzable radicals X described above and R 'is a monovalent, non-hydrolyzable radical which is at least one of the above the radicals R derived organic compounds.

Examples of suitable hydrolyzable silicon compounds (D) are Methyltriethoxysilane, methyltrimethoxysilane, tetramethylorthosilicate, Tetraethyl orthosilicate, dimethyl, diethyl, dipropyl, methylethyl, methylpropyl and ethylpropyldimethoxysilane, dimethyl, diethyl, dipropyl, methylethyl, Methyl propyl and ethyl propyl diethoxysilane, dimethyl, diethyl, dipropyl, Methyl ethyl, methyl propyl and ethyl propyl dipropoxysilane, dimethyl, diethyl, Dipropyl, methylethyl, methylpropyl and ethylpropylmethoxyethoxysilane, Dimethyl, diethyl, dipropyl, methylethyl, methylpropyl and Ethylpropylmethoxypropoxysilan as well as Dimethyl-, Diethyl-, Dipropyl-, Methylethyl-, Methyl propyl and ethyl propyl ethoxypropoxysilane. Further examples are from the European patent application EP 0 872 500 A1, page 4, lines 37 to 49, known.

If used, the amount of hydrolyzable silicon compounds (D) of the general formula III used for the production of the brine according to the invention is used by the method according to the invention, vary widely and depends on the requirements of the individual case. Preferably the hydrolyzable silicon compounds (D) in an amount of 0.1 to 20, preferably 0.2 to 18, particularly preferably 0.3 to 15, very particularly preferably 0.4 to 12 and in particular 0.5 to 10 wt .-%, each based on the Total amount of raw materials used.

The hydrolysis and condensation can also be carried out in the presence of at least one hydrolyzable metal compound (E) of the general formula IV:

X _p MR ' _rp (IV),

where the indices p and r are an integer between 1 and 4, with the proviso that p + r = 2, 3 or 4, in particular 3 or 4, M for tin, boron, aluminum, titanium or zirconium, in particular aluminum, X is at least one of the hydrolyzable radicals X described above and R 'is a monovalent, non-hydrolyzable radical which is derived from at least one of the organic compounds described above for the R radicals.

Examples of suitable hydrolyzable metal compounds (E) of the general Formula IV are, for example, from European patent application EP 0 450 625 A1, Page 4, line 47, to page 5, line 32, known, the mentioned there Vanadinyl compounds instead of or in addition to the hydrolyzable ones Metal connections (E) can be used.

Aluminum tri-sec-butoxide is particularly preferably used.

If used, the amount of hydrolyzable metal compounds (E) of the general formula IV used for the production of the brine according to the invention is used by the method according to the invention, vary widely and depends on the requirements of the individual case. Preferably the hydrolyzable metal compounds (E) in an amount of 1 to 25, preferably 2 to 22, particularly preferably 3 to 20, very particularly preferably 4 to 18 and in particular 5 to 15 wt .-%, each based on the total amount of Starting products, used.

In addition, the hydrolysis and condensation can be carried out in the presence of at least one organic thio compound (F) of the general formula V:

S (RZ _n ) ₂ (V),

where the index n and the variable Z have the meaning given above.

Examples of particularly suitable organic thio compounds (F) are bis- (6-hydroxyhexyl) -, bis- (5-hydroxypentyl) -, bis- (4-hydroxybutyl) -, bis- (3- hydroxypropyl) and bis (2-hydroxyethyl) sulfide (thiodiethanol).

If used, the amount of organic thio compounds (F) can general formula IV, for the production of the brine according to the invention the method according to the invention is used, vary widely and depends according to the requirements of the individual case.

In the process according to the invention, the hydrolysis and Condensation may be accompanied by complexation. The Complexing agent (G) from the group of organic compounds, the Form chelating ligands. It is preferably not aromatic organic compounds. The organic compounds (G) contain at least two functional groups attached to metal atoms or -coordinate ions. These are usually functional Groups around electron donors, which electrons on metal atoms or ions give off as electron acceptors. Are for the method according to the invention basically all organic compounds (G) of the type mentioned are suitable, as long as they do not undergo hydrolysis and condensation and / or crosslinking adversely affect the finished coating or even prevent it completely. Examples suitable organic compounds (G) are dimethylglyoxime or Compounds containing 1,3-position carbonyl groups, such as acetylacetone or ethyl acetoacetate. In addition, Römpp Chemie Lexikon, Georg Thieme Verlag, Stuttgart, 1989, Volume 1, page 634.

If used, the amount of complexing agents (G) required for the Production of the brine according to the invention according to the invention Process used, vary widely and depends on the requirements of the individual case. The complexing agents (G) are preferably in one Amount of 1 to 25, preferably 2 to 22, particularly preferably 3 to 20, whole particularly preferably 4 to 18 and in particular 5 to 15% by weight, in each case based on the total amount of raw materials used.

The hydrolysis and condensation and optionally the complexation of the starting products described above can optionally be carried out in the presence of solvents, preferably aromatics-free solvents. It is preferably carried out without solvents. The starting products described above are preferably initially introduced and homogenized. The amount of water required for the hydrolysis and condensation is then metered in at room temperature. The reaction mixture is then preferably stirred at room temperature for 12 to 36 hours. The amount of water is metered in so that local over-concentrations are avoided. This can be regulated via the feed rate or it can be done e.g. B. by entering the amount of water in the reaction mixture with the help of moisture-laden adsorbents, for. B. silica gel or molecular sieves, water-containing organic solvents, e.g. B. 80% ethanol, or salt hydrates, e.g. B. CaCl ₂ × 6H ₂ O.

The hydrolysis and condensation are preferably carried out in the presence of a Hydrolysis and condensation catalyst.

Proton catalysts are suitable as hydrolysis and condensation catalysts hydroxyl-ion-releasing compounds and amines. Specific examples are organic or inorganic acids, such as hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid, Phosphoric acid, formic acid or acetic acid and organic or inorganic bases such as ammonia, alkali or alkaline earth metal hydroxides, e.g. B. Sodium, potassium or calcium hydroxide, and amines soluble in the reaction medium, z. B. lower alkylamines or alkanolamines. Here are volatile acids and Bases, especially hydrochloric acid, acetic acid, ammonia or triethylamine particularly preferred.

The resulting sols according to the invention can also be customary and known Contain additives (H). All additives (H) which are suitable are Property profile of coatings, adhesive layers and seals, in particular the optical properties (appearance) and scratch resistance of the Coatings, not adversely affect, but in an advantageous manner vary and improve.

Should the brine according to the invention of the production of color and / or effect coatings, they contain at least one pigment as Additive (H).

The pigments (H) are preferably selected from the group consisting of conventional ones and known organic and inorganic color and / or effect, electrically conductive, magnetically shielding and fluorescent pigments and customary and known organic and inorganic fillers, selected.

Furthermore, the sols according to the invention can contain additives (H) which both in the pigmented and in the unpigmented Soles according to the invention can be used. Examples of suitable ones Additives (H) are from German patent applications DE 199 24 170 A1, Column 13, page 6, to column 14, line 2, DE 199 24 171 A1, page 8, line 65, to Page 9, line 33, or DE 198 39 453 A1, page 6, line 68, to page 7, page 6, known.

Last but not least, the brine photoinitiators according to the invention can be used as additives (H) included. Suitable photoinitiators (H) are those of the Norrish II type, their mechanism of action on an intramolecular variant of Hydrogen abstraction reactions are based on how they contribute in many ways photochemical reactions occur (for example Römpp Chemie Lexicon, 9th extended and revised edition, Georg Thieme Verlag Stuttgart, 4, 1991), or cationic photoinitiators (for example, see Römpp Lexicon Lacke und Druckfarben, Georg Thieme Verlag Stuttgart, 1998, Pages 444 to 446, referenced), in particular benzophenones, benzoins or Benzoin ether or phosphine oxides. It can also be used, for example, in stores under the names Irgacure® 184, Irgacure® 1800 and Irgacure® 500 from the company Ciba Geigy, Grenocure® MBF from Rahn and Lucirin® TPO from BASF AG available products can be used.

The additives (H) can be used before, during and / or after the preparation of the brine according to the invention are added; preferably they are after the Manufacturing added.

The solids content of the brine according to the invention can vary very widely depends on the respective purpose. Will the brine according to the invention, for example, as unpigmented Coating materials for the production of thin, highly scratch-resistant coatings a layer thickness <5 microns used, the solids content is preferably below 50, preferably below 40, particularly preferably below 30 and in particular below 20% by weight, based on the respective sol according to the invention. Should they brine according to the invention, for example as constituents of dual-cure Coating materials are used, the solids content is preferably 10 to 90, preferably 15 to 85, particularly preferably 20 to 80, entirely particularly preferably 25 to 75 and in particular 30 to 70% by weight, based on the respective sol according to the invention. Favorable solids contents of brines according to the invention, which are used for other purposes should, the specialist on the basis of his general knowledge If necessary, set it up using simple preliminary tests.

The production of the brine according to the invention has no methodological Peculiarities, but is done by mixing the above described components. Mixing units, such as stirred tanks, Dissolvers, in-line dissolvers, agitator mills, static mixers, ring gear Dispersers or extruders can be used. This is preferably under Exclusion of actinic radiation worked to damage the brine according to the invention, in particular by premature crosslinking avoid.

As such, the sols according to the invention can be used as coating materials, Adhesives and sealants for the production of coatings, Adhesive layers and seals are used. Preferably they are considered Coating materials for the production of pigmented and unpigmented, especially unpigmented, coatings used. The deliver Brine thin, highly scratch-resistant coatings according to the invention, which on the adhere to a wide variety of substrates.

The brines according to the invention are particularly preferred as a constituent of Dual-cure coating materials, adhesives and sealants for Manufacture of coatings, adhesive layers and seals used. All the brines according to the invention are particularly preferred as a constituent of Dual-cure coating materials, in particular dual-cure clearcoats, are used.

Dual-cure coating materials, especially dual-cure clearcoats, which are thermal and / or constituents curable with actinic radiation, such as binders, Containing crosslinking agents and optionally reactive diluents for example from German patent applications DE 198 18 735 A1, DE 199 08 013 A1, DE 199 08 018 A1, DE 199 20 799 A1 or DE 199 20 801 A1, European patent application EP 0 928 800 A1 or international Patent application WO 98/40170 known or they are not in the Pre-published German patent application DE 100 41 635.7.

These dual-cure coating materials can be one-component systems, wherein the crosslinking agents and the binders are present side by side. she can also represent multicomponent systems in which the high Reactivity of the crosslinking agents, such as those from the German Patent application DE 199 24 171 A1, page 7, line 38, to page 8, line 46, i. V. m. Page 3, line 43, to page 5, line 31, partially blocked or unblocked Polyisocyanates, binders and crosslinking agents until shortly before application must be stored separately. The dual-cure Clear varnishes one-component systems.

• A) mindestens ein Vernetzungsmittel, enthaltend im statistischen Mittel mindestens eine blockierte Isocyanatgruppe und mindestens eine reaktive funktionelle Gruppe mit mindestens einer mit aktinischer Strahlung aktivierbaren Bindung im Molekül, und
• B) mindestens ein Bindemittel mit im statistischen Mittel mindestens einer isocyanatreaktiven funktionellen Gruppe.

A particularly advantageous dual-cure coating material contains

• A) at least one crosslinking agent containing, on average, at least one blocked isocyanate group and at least one reactive functional group with at least one bond which can be activated with actinic radiation, and
• B) at least one binder with a statistical average of at least one isocyanate-reactive functional group.

These come as blocking agents, as reactive functional groups at least one bond that can be activated with actinic radiation and as isocyanate-reactive functional groups the groups described above in Consideration.

The crosslinking agent (I) can be prepared in any manner.

Crosslinking agents (I), which consist of at least a polyisocyanate with an isocyanate functionality of at least 2.0 getting produced. Preferably the polyisocyanate had one Isocyanate functionality from 2.0 to 6.0, preferably 2.0 to 5.0, particularly preferably 2.0 to 4.5 and in particular 2.0 to 3.5. In terms of the better Weather resistance and yellowing resistance are aliphatic and cycloaliphatic polyisocyanates are preferably used. As part of the In the present invention, the term “cycloaliphatic diisocyanate” denotes a diisocyanate in which at least one isocyanate group is attached to one cycloaliphatic radical is bound.

Examples of suitable cycloaliphatic polyisocyanates with a Isocyanate functionality of 2.0 is isophorone diisocyanate (= 5-isocyanato-1- isocyanatomethyl-1,3,3-trimethyl-cyclohexane), 5-isocyanato-1- (2-isocyanatoeth-1- yl) -1,3,3-trimethyl-cyclohexane, 5-isocyanato-1- (3-isocyanatoprop-1-yl) -1,3,3- trimethyl-cyclohexane, 5-isocyanato- (4-isocyanatobut-1-yl) -1,3,3-trimethylcyclohexane, 1-isocyanato-2- (3-isocyanatoprop-1-yl) cyclohexane, 1-isocyanato-2- (3-isocyanatoeth-1-yl) cyclohexane, 1-isocyanato-2- (4-isocyanatobut-1-yl) - cyclohexane, 1,2-diisocyanatocyclobutane, 1,3-diisocyanatocyclobutane, 1,2- Diisocyanatocyclopentane, 1,3-diisocyanatocyclopentane, 1,2- Diisocyanatocyclohexane, 1,3-diisocyanatocyclohexane, 1,4- Diisocyanatocyclohexane, dicyclohexylmethane-2,4'-diisocyanate or Dicyclohexylmethane-4,4'-diisocyanate, especially isophorone diisocyanate.

Examples of suitable acyclic aliphatic diisocyanates with a Isocyanate functionality of 2.0 is trimethylene diisocyanate, Tetramethylene diisocyanate, pentamethylene diisocyanate, hexamethylene diisocyanate, Ethyl ethylene diisocyanate, trimethyl hexane diisocyanate, heptamethylene diisocyanate or diisocyanates derived from dimer fatty acids as described under the Commercial name DDI 1410 distributed by Henkel and in the Patent specifications WO 97/49745 and WO 97/49747 are described, in particular 2-heptyl-3,4-bis (9-isocyanatononyl) -1-pentyl-cyclohexane, or 1,2-, 1,4- or 1,3-bis (isocyanatomethyl) cyclohexane, 1,2-, 1,4- or 1,3-bis (2- isocyanatoeth-1-yl) cyclohexane, 1,3-bis (3-isocyanatoprop-1-yl) cyclohexane or 1,2-, 1,4- or 1,3-bis (4-isocyanatobut-1-yl) cyclohexane, in particular Hexamethylene diisocyanate.

Examples of suitable polyisocyanates with an isocyanate functionality> 2 are Polyisocyanates, in particular based on hexamethylene diisocyanate, the Isocyanurate, biuret, allophanate, iminooxadiazinedione, urethane, urea, Have carbodiimide and / or uretdione groups and in the usual and known manner available from the diisocyanates described above are. Of these, the allophanate groups are advantageous and are therefore used according to the invention particularly preferably. Example more suitable Manufacturing processes and polyisocyanates are known from the patents CA 2,163,591 A, US 4,419,513 A, US 4,454,317 A, EP 0 646 608 A1, US 4,801,675 A, EP 0183976 A1, DE 40 15 155 A1, EP 0 303 150 A1, EP 0 496 208 A1, EP 0 524 500 A1, EP 0 566 037 A1, US 5,258,482 A, US 5,290,902 A, EP 0 649 806 A1, DE 42 29 183 A1 or EP 0 531 820 A1 are known.

• - Allylalkohol oder 4-Butylvinylether;
• - Hydroxyalkylester und Hydroxycycloalkylester der Acrylsäure oder der Methacrylsäure, insbesondere der Acrylsäure, die durch Veresterung aliphatischer Diole mit Acrylsäure oder Methacrylsäure oder durch Umsetzung von Acrylsäure oder Methacrylsäure mit einem Alkylenoxid erhältlich sind, insbesondere Hydroxyalkylester der Acrylsäure oder Methacrylsäure, in denen die Hydroxyalkylgruppe bis zu 20 Kohlenstoffatome enthält, wie 2-Hydroxyethyl-, 2-Hydroxypropyl-, 3- Hydroxypropyl-, 3-Hydroxybutyl-, 4-Hydroxybutyl-, Bis(hydroxymethyl)cyclohexanacrylat oder -methacrylat; von diesen sind 2- Hydroxyethylacrylat und 4-Hydroxybutylacrylat besonders vorteilhaft und werden deshalb erfindungsgemäß besonders bevorzugt verwendet; oder
• - Umsetzungsprodukte aus cyclischen Estern, wie z. B. epsilon-Caprolacton, und diesen Hydroxyalkyl- oder -cycloalkylestern.

The polyisocyanates described above are reacted with at least one compound which contains at least one, in particular one, isocyanate-reactive functional group and at least one, in particular one, bond which can be activated with actinic radiation. Examples of suitable compounds having at least one, in particular one, isocyanate-reactive functional group and at least one, in particular one, bond which can be activated with actinic radiation are per molecule

• - Allyl alcohol or 4-butyl vinyl ether;
• - Hydroxyalkyl esters and hydroxycycloalkyl esters of acrylic acid or methacrylic acid, in particular acrylic acid, which can be obtained by esterifying aliphatic diols with acrylic acid or methacrylic acid or by reacting acrylic acid or methacrylic acid with an alkylene oxide, in particular hydroxyalkyl esters of acrylic acid or methacrylic acid, in which the hydroxyalkyl group contains up to 20 Contains carbon atoms such as 2-hydroxyethyl, 2-hydroxypropyl, 3-hydroxypropyl, 3-hydroxybutyl, 4-hydroxybutyl, bis (hydroxymethyl) cyclohexane acrylate or methacrylate; Of these, 2-hydroxyethyl acrylate and 4-hydroxybutyl acrylate are particularly advantageous and are therefore used with particular preference in accordance with the invention; or
• - Reaction products from cyclic esters, such as. B. epsilon-caprolactone, and these hydroxyalkyl or cycloalkyl esters.

In addition, the polyisocyanates with at least one of the above blocking agents described implemented.

In a first preferred variant, the Crosslinking agent (I) by the reaction of those described above Compounds with the polyisocyanates in a molar ratio that in statistical means still at least one free isocyanate group in the resulting Adduct remains for reaction with those described above Blocking agents are available.

In a second preferred variant, the Crosslinking agent (I) by the reaction of those described above Blocking agent with the polyisocyanates in a molar ratio that in statistical means still at least one free isocyanate group in the adduct remains for the reaction with the compounds described above is available.

In a third preferred variant, the Crosslinking agent (I) by using the compounds described above and the blocking agents described above in a one-pot process reacted with the polyisocyanates.

Regardless of which variant for the preparation of the crosslinking agent (I) free isocyanate groups are no longer present or no longer detectable.

The content of the one-component system according to the invention in the Crosslinking agents (I) can vary very widely and are particularly dependent on the functionality of the other essential components with regard to Crosslinking reactions and according to the crosslinking density, which in the Coatings, adhesive layers or seals should be adjusted. The content of crosslinking agents (I) is preferably from 10 to 60, preferably 15 to 55, particularly preferably 20 to 50 and in particular 25 to 45% by weight, each based on the solid of the invention Component system.

The further essential component of the invention One-component system is at least one binder (II) in the statistical Agents of at least one, in particular at least two, isocyanate-reactive functional groups in the molecule. Examples of suitable isocyanate-reactive functional groups are those described above. The binder (II) Furthermore, at least one, in particular at least two, of the Functional groups described above with at least one contain actinic radiation activatable bond.

Examples of suitable binders (II) are statistical, alternating and / or linear and / or branched and / or comb-like structures (Co) polymers of ethylenically unsaturated monomers, polyaddition resins and / or polycondensation resins. These terms are supplemented by Römpp Lexicon Lacke und Druckfarben, Georg Thieme Verlag, Stuttgart, New York, 1998, page 457, "polyaddition" and "polyaddition resins (polyadducts)", and pages 463 and 464, "Polycondensates", "Polycondensation" and "Polycondensation resins", as well as pages 73 and 74, "Binder".

Examples of suitable (co) polymers (II) are (meth) acrylate (co) polymers or partially saponified polyvinyl esters, especially (meth) acrylate copolymers.

Examples of suitable polyaddition resins and / or polycondensation resins (II) are polyesters, alkyds, polyurethanes, polylactones, polycarbonates, polyethers, Epoxy-amine adducts, polyureas, polyamides, polyimides, polyester Polyurethanes, polyether-polyurethanes or polyester-polyether-polyurethanes, especially polyester-polyurethane.

Of these binders (II), the (meth) acrylate copolymers have particular ones Advantages and are therefore used with particular preference.

• 1. Monomere, welche mindestens eine Hydroxyl- oder Aminogruppe pro Molekül tragen wie
  • - Hydroxyalkylester der Acrylsäure, Methacrylsäure oder einer anderen alpha,beta-olefinisch ungesättigten Carbonsäure, die sich von einem Alkylenglykol ableiten, das mit der Säure verestert ist, oder die durch Umsetzung der alpha,beta-olefinisch ungesättigten Carbonsäure mit einem Alkylenoxid wie Ethylenoxid oder Propylenoxid erhältlich sind, insbesondere Hydroxyalkylester der Acrylsäure, Methacrylsäure, Ethacrylsäure, Crotonsäure, Maleinsäure, Fumarsäure oder Itaconsäure, in denen die Hydroxyalkylgruppe bis zu 20 Kohlenstoffatome enthält, wie 2- Hydroxyethyl-, 2-Hydroxypropyl-, 3-Hydroxypropyl-, 3-Hydroxybutyl-, 4-Hydroxybutylacrylat, -methacrylat, -ethacrylat, -crotonat, -maleinat, -fumarat oder -itaconat; oder Hydroxycycloalkylester wie 1,4- Bis(hydroxymethyl)cyclohexan-, Octahydro-4,7-methano-1H-indendimethanol- oder Methylpropandiolmonoacrylat, -monomethacrylat, -monoethacrylat, -monocrotonat, -monomaleinat, -monofumarat oder -monoitaconat; Umsetzungsprodukte aus cyclischen Estern, wie z. B. epsilon-Caprolacton und diesen Hydroxyalkyl- oder -cycloalkylestern;
  • - olefinisch ungesättigte Alkohole wie Allylalkohol;
  • - Polyole wie Trimethylolpropanmono- oder diallylether oder Pentaerythritmono-, -di- oder -triallylether;
  • - Umsetzungsprodukte aus Acrylsäure und/oder Methacrylsäure mit dem Glycidylester einer in alpha-Stellung verzweigten Monocarbonsäure mit 5 bis 18 C-Atomen je Molekül, insbesondere einer Versatic®-Säure, oder anstelle des Umsetzungsproduktes eine äquivalenten Menge Acryl- und/oder Methacrylsäure, die dann während oder nach der Polymerisationsreaktion mit dem Glycidylester einer in alpha-Stellung verzweigten Monocarbonsäure mit 5 bis 18 C-Atomen je Molekül, insbesondere einer Versatic®-Säure, umgesetzt wird;
  • - Aminoethylacrylat, Aminoethylmethacrylat, Allylamin oder N- Methyliminoethylacrylat; und/oder
  • - Acryloxysilan-enthaltende Vinylmonomere, herstellbar durch Umsetzung hydroxyfunktioneller Silane mit Epichlorhydrin und anschließender Umsetzung des Reaktionsproduktes mit (Meth)acrylsäure und/oder Hydroxyalkyl- und/oder -cycloalkylestern der (Meth)Acrylsäure und/oder weiterer hydroxylgruppehaltiger Monomere (b1).
• 2. Monomere, welche mindestens eine Säuregruppe pro Molekül tragen, wie
  • - Acrylsäure, beta-Carboxyethylacrylat, Methacrylsäure, Ethacrylsäure, Crotonsäure, Maleinsäure, Fumarsäure oder Itaconsäure;
  • - olefinisch ungesättigte Sulfon- oder Phosphonsäuren oder deren Teilester;
  • - Maleinsäuremono(meth)acryloyloxyethylester, Bernsteinsäuremono(meth)acryloyloxyethylester oder Phthalsäuremono(meth)acryloyloxyethylester; oder
  • - Vinylbenzoesäure (alle Isomere), alpha-Methylvinylbenzoesäure (alle Isomere) oder Vinylbenzsolsulfonsäure (alle Isomere).
• 3. Monomere, die im wesentlichen oder völlig frei von reaktiven funktionellen Gruppen sind, wie:
  Monomere (31):
  Im wesentlichen säuregruppenfreie (Meth)acrylsäureester wie (Meth)Acrylsäurealkyl- oder -cycloalkylester mit bis zu 20 Kohlenstoffatomen im Alkylrest, insbesondere Methyl-, Ethyl-, Propyl-, n- Butyl-, sec.-Butyl-, tert.-Butyl-, Hexyl-, Ethylhexyl-, Stearyl- und Laurylacrylat oder -methacrylat; cycloaliphatische (Meth)acrylsäureester, insbesondere Cyclohexyl-, Isobornyl-, Dicyclopentadienyl-, Octahydro-4,7- methano-1H-inden-methanol- oder tert.-Butylcyclohexyl(meth)acrylat; (Meth)Acrylsäureoxaalkylester oder -oxacycloalkylester wie Ethoxytriglykol(meth)acrylat und Methoxyoligoglykol(meth)acrylat mit einem Molekulargewicht Mn von vorzugsweise 550 oder andere ethoxylierte und/oder propoxylierte hydroxylgruppenfreie (Meth)Acrylsäurederivate (weitere Beispiele geeigneter Monomere (b31) dieser Art sind aus der Offenlegungsschrift DE 196 25 773 A1, Spalte 3, Zeile 65, bis Spalte 4, Zeile 20, bekannt). Diese können in untergeordneten Mengen höherfunktionelle (Meth)Acrylsäurealkyl- oder -cycloalkylester wie Ethylengylkol-, Propylenglykol-, Diethylenglykol-, Dipropylenglykol-, Butylenglykol-, Pentan-1,5-diol-, Hexan-1,6-diol-, Octahydro-4,7-methano- 1H-inden-dimethanol- oder Cyclohexan-1,2-, -1,3- oder -1,4-dioldi(meth)acrylat; Trimethylolpropan-di- oder -tri(meth)acrylat; oder Pentaerythrit-di-, -tri- oder -tetra(meth)acrylat enthalten. Rahmen der vorliegenden Erfindung sind hierbei unter untergeordneten Mengen an höherfunktionellen Monomeren (b31) solche Mengen zu verstehen, welche nicht zur Vernetzung oder Gelierung der Copolymerisate führen, es sei denn, sie sollen in der Form von vernetzten Mikrogelteilchen vorliegen.
  Monomere (32):
  Vinylester von in alpha-Stellung verzweigten Monocarbonsäuren mit 5 bis 18 C-Atomen im Molekül. Die verzweigten Monocarbonsäuren können erhalten werden durch Umsetzung von Ameisensäure oder Kohlenmonoxid und Wasser mit Olefinen in Anwesenheit eines flüssigen, stark sauren Katalysators; die Olefine können Crack-Produkte von paraffinischen Kohlenwasserstoffen, wie Mineralölfraktionen, sein und können sowohl verzweigte wie geradkettige acyclische und/oder cycloaliphatische Olefine enthalten. Bei der Umsetzung solcher Olefine mit Ameisensäure bzw. mit Kohlenmonoxid und Wasser entsteht ein Gemisch aus Carbonsäuren, bei denen die Carboxylgruppen vorwiegend an einem quaternären Kohlenstoffatom sitzen. Andere olefinische Ausgangsstoffe sind z. B. Propylentrimer, Propylentetramer und Diisobutylen. Die Vinylester können aber auch auf an sich bekannte Weise aus den Säuren hergestellt werden, z. B. indem man die Säure mit Acetylen reagieren läßt. Besonders bevorzugt werden - wegen der guten Verfügbarkeit - Vinylester von gesättigten aliphatischen Monocarbonsäuren mit 9 bis 11 C-Atomen, die am alpha-C-Atom verzweigt sind, eingesetzt. Vinylester dieser Art werden unter der Marke VeoVa® vertrieben (vgl. auch Römpp Lexikon Lacke und Druckfarben, Georg Thieme Verlag, Stuttgart, New York, 1998, Seite 598).
  Monomere (33):
  Diarylethylene, insbesondere solche der allgemeinen Formel VI:
  
  R¹R²C=CR³R⁴ (VI),
  
  worin die Reste R¹, R², R³ und R⁴ jeweils unabhängig voneinander für Wasserstoffatome oder substituierte oder unsubstituierte Alkyl-, Cycloalkyl-, Alkylcycloalkyl-, Cycloalkylalkyl-, Aryl-, Alkylaryl-, Cycloalkylaryl- Arylalkyl- oder Arylcycloalkylreste stehen, mit der Maßgabe, daß mindestens zwei der Variablen R¹, R², R³ und R⁴ für substituierte oder unsubstituierte Aryl-, Arylalkyl- oder Arylcycloalkylreste, insbesondere substituierte oder unsubstituierte Arylreste, stehen. Beispiele geeigneter Alkylreste sind Methyl, Ethyl, Propyl, Isopropyl, n-Butyl, iso-Butyl, tert.-Butyl, Amyl, Hexyl oder 2-Ethylhexyl. Beispiele geeigneter Cycloalkylreste sind Cyclobutyl, Cyclopentyl oder Cyclohexyl. Beispiele geeigneter Alkylcycloalkylreste sind Methylencyclohexan, Ethylencyclohexan oder Propan-1,3-diyl-cyclohexan. Beispiele geeigneter Cycloalkylalkylreste sind 2-, 3- oder 4-Methyl-, -Ethyl-, -Propyl- oder -Butylcyclohex-1-yl. Beispiele geeigneter Arylreste sind Phenyl, Naphthyl oder Biphenylyl, vorzugsweise Phenyl und Naphthyl und insbesondere Phenyl. Beispiele geeigneter Alkylarylreste sind Benzyl oder Ethylen- oder Propan-1,3-diyl-benzol. Beispiele geeigneter Cycloalkylarylreste sind 2-, 3- oder 4-Phenylcyclohex-1-yl. Beispiele geeigneter Arylalkylreste sind 2-, 3- oder 4-Methyl-, -Ethyl-, -Propyl- oder -Butylphen-1-yl. Beispiele geeigneter Arylcycloalkylreste sind 2-, 3- oder 4- Cyclohexylphen-1-yl. Vorzugsweise handelt es sich bei den Arylresten R¹, R², R³ und/oder R⁴ um Phenyl- oder Naphthylreste, insbesondere Phenylreste. Die in den Resten R¹, R², R³ und/oder R⁴ gegebenenfalls vorhandenen Substituenten sind elektronenziehende oder elektronenschiebende Atome oder organische Reste, insbesondere Halogenatome, Nitril-, Nitro-, partiell oder vollständig halogenierte Alkyl-, Cycloalkyl-, Alkylcycloalkyl-, Cycloalkylalkyl-, Aryl-, Alkylaryl-, Cycloalkylaryl- Arylalkyl- und Arylcycloalkylreste; Aryloxy-, Alkyloxy- und Cycloalkyloxyreste; und/oder Arylthio-, Alkylthio- und Cycloalkylthioreste. Besonders vorteilhaft sind Diphenylethylen, Dinaphthalinethylen, cis- oder trans- Stilben oder Vinyliden-bis(4-nitrobenzol), insbesondere Diphenylethylen (DPE), weswegen sie bevorzugt verwendet werden. Im Rahmen der vorliegenden Erfindung werden die Monomeren (b33) eingesetzt, um die Copolymerisation in vorteilhafter Weise derart zu regeln, daß auch eine radikalische Copolymerisation in Batch-Fahrweise möglich ist.
  Monomere (34):
  Vinylaromatische Kohlenwasserstoffe wie Styrol, Vinyltoluol, Diphenylethylen oder alpha-Alkylstyrole, insbesondere alpha-Methylstyrol.
  Monomere (35):
  Nitrile wie Acrylnitril und/oder Methacrylnitril.
  Monomere (36):
  Vinylverbindungen, insbesondere Vinyl- und/oder Vinylidendihalogenide wie Vinylchlorid, Vinylfluorid, Vinylidendichlorid oder Vinylidendifluorid; N- Vinylamide wie Vinyl-N-methylformamid, N-Vinylcaprolactam oder N- Vinylpyrrolidon; 1-Vinylimidazol; Vinylether wie Ethylvinylether, n- Propylvinylether, Isopropylvinylether, n-Butylvinylether, Isobutylvinylether und/oder Vinylcyclohexylether; und/oder Vinylester wie Vinylacetat, Vinylpropionat, Vinylbutyrat, Vinylpivalat und/oder der Vinylester der 2- Methyl-2-ethylheptansäure.
  Monomere (37):
  Allylverbindungen, insbesondere Allylether und -ester wie Allylmethyl-, -ethyl-, -propyl- oder -butylether oder Allylacetat, -propionat oder -butyrat.
  Monomere (38):
  Polysiloxanmakromonomere, die ein zahlenmittleres Molekulargewicht Mn von 1.000 bis 40.000 und im Mittel 0,5 bis 2,5 ethylenisch ungesättigte Doppelbindungen pro Molekül aufweisen; insbesondere Polysiloxanmakromonomere, die ein zahlenmittleres Molekulargewicht Mn von 2.000 bis 20.000, besonders bevorzugt 2.500 bis 10.000 und insbesondere 3.000 bis 7.000 und im Mittel 0,5 bis 2,5, bevorzugt 0,5 bis 1,5, ethylenisch ungesättigte Doppelbindungen pro Molekül aufweisen, wie sie in der DE 38 07 571 A1 auf den Seiten 5 bis 7, der DE 37 06 095 A1 in den Spalten 3 bis 7, der EP 0 358 153 B1 auf den Seiten 3 bis 6, in der US 4,754,014 A1 in den Spalten 5 bis 9, in der DE 44 21 823 A1 oder in der internationalen Patentanmeldung WO 92/22615 auf Seite 12, Zeile 18, bis Seite 18, Zeile 10, beschrieben sind.
  Monomere (39):
  Olefine wie Ethylen, Propylen, But-1-en, Pent-1-en, Hex-1-en, Cyclohexen, Cyclopenten, Norbonen, Butadien, Isopren, Cylopentadien und/oder Dicyclopentadien.

und/oder

• 1. Epoxidgruppen enthaltende Monomere wie der Glycidylester der Acrylsäure, Methacrylsäure, Ethacrylsäure, Crotonsäure, Maleinsäure, Fumarsäure oder Itaconsäure oder Allylglycidylether.

Examples of suitable olefinically unsaturated monomers for the preparation of the (meth) acrylate copolymers (II) are

• 1. Monomers which carry at least one hydroxyl or amino group per molecule, such as
  • - Hydroxyalkyl esters of acrylic acid, methacrylic acid or another alpha, beta-olefinically unsaturated carboxylic acid derived from an alkylene glycol esterified with the acid, or by reacting the alpha, beta-olefinically unsaturated carboxylic acid with an alkylene oxide such as ethylene oxide or propylene oxide are available, in particular hydroxyalkyl esters of acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, ethacrylic acid, crotonic acid, maleic acid, fumaric acid or itaconic acid, in which the hydroxyalkyl group contains up to 20 carbon atoms, such as 2-hydroxyethyl, 2-hydroxypropyl, 3-hydroxypropyl, 3-hydroxybutyl , 4-hydroxybutyl acrylate, methacrylate, ethacrylate, crotonate, maleate, fumarate or itaconate; or hydroxycycloalkyl esters such as 1,4-bis (hydroxymethyl) cyclohexane, octahydro-4,7-methano-1H-indendimethanol or methyl propanediol monoacrylate, monomethacrylate, monoethacrylate, monocrotonate, monomaleinate, monofumarate or monoitaconate; Reaction products from cyclic esters, such as. B. epsilon-caprolactone and these hydroxyalkyl or cycloalkyl esters;
  • - olefinically unsaturated alcohols such as allyl alcohol;
  • - Polyols such as trimethylolpropane mono- or diallyl ether or pentaerythritol mono-, di- or triallyl ether;
  • - Reaction products from acrylic acid and / or methacrylic acid with the glycidyl ester of a monocarboxylic acid with 5 to 18 carbon atoms per molecule branched in the alpha position, in particular one Versatic® acid, or instead of the reaction product, an equivalent amount of acrylic and / or methacrylic acid, which then during or after the polymerization reaction with the glycidyl ester of a monocarboxylic acid branched in the alpha position with 5 to 18 carbon atoms per molecule, in particular a Versatic® acid, is reacted;
  • - aminoethyl acrylate, aminoethyl methacrylate, allylamine or N-methyliminoethyl acrylate; and or
  • - Acryloxysilane-containing vinyl monomers, which can be prepared by reacting hydroxy-functional silanes with epichlorohydrin and then reacting the reaction product with (meth) acrylic acid and / or hydroxyalkyl and / or cycloalkyl esters of (meth) acrylic acid and / or other hydroxyl-containing monomers (b1).
• 2. Monomers which carry at least one acid group per molecule, such as
  • - Acrylic acid, beta-carboxyethyl acrylate, methacrylic acid, ethacrylic acid, crotonic acid, maleic acid, fumaric acid or itaconic acid;
  • - Olefinically unsaturated sulfonic or phosphonic acids or their partial esters;
  • - Maleic acid mono (meth) acryloyloxyethyl ester, succinic acid mono (meth) acryloyloxyethyl ester or phthalic acid mono (meth) acryloyloxyethyl ester; or
  • - vinylbenzoic acid (all isomers), alpha-methylvinylbenzoic acid (all isomers) or vinylbenzenesulfonic acid (all isomers).
• 3. Monomers that are essentially or completely free of reactive functional groups, such as:
  Monomers (31):
  Essentially acid group-free (meth) acrylic acid esters such as (meth) acrylic or alkyl cycloalkyl esters with up to 20 carbon atoms in the alkyl radical, in particular methyl, ethyl, propyl, n-butyl, sec-butyl, tert-butyl , Hexyl, ethylhexyl, stearyl and lauryl acrylate or methacrylate; cycloaliphatic (meth) acrylic acid esters, especially cyclohexyl, isobornyl, dicyclopentadienyl, octahydro-4,7-methano-1H-indene methanol or tert-butylcyclohexyl (meth) acrylate; (Meth) acrylic acid oxaalkyl esters or oxacycloalkyl esters such as ethoxytriglycol (meth) acrylate and methoxyoligoglycol (meth) acrylate with a molecular weight Mn of preferably 550 or other ethoxylated and / or propoxylated hydroxyl group-free (meth) acrylic acid derivatives (further examples of suitable monomers (b31) of this type are from DE 196 25 773 A1, column 3, line 65, to column 4, line 20, is known). These can be used in minor amounts of higher functional (meth) acrylic acid alkyl or cycloalkyl esters such as ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, diethylene glycol, dipropylene glycol, butylene glycol, pentane-1,5-diol, hexane-1,6-diol, octahydro 4,7-methano-1H-indene-dimethanol or cyclohexane-1,2-, -1,3- or -1,4-diol di (meth) acrylate; Trimethylolpropane di- or tri (meth) acrylate; or pentaerythritol di-, tri- or tetra (meth) acrylate. In the context of the present invention, minor amounts of higher-functional monomers (b31) are to be understood as amounts which do not lead to crosslinking or gelling of the copolymers, unless they are intended to be in the form of crosslinked microgel particles.
  Monomers (32):
  Vinyl esters of alpha-branched monocarboxylic acids with 5 to 18 carbon atoms in the molecule. The branched monocarboxylic acids can be obtained by reacting formic acid or carbon monoxide and water with olefins in the presence of a liquid, strongly acidic catalyst; the olefins can be cracked products of paraffinic hydrocarbons, such as mineral oil fractions, and can contain both branched and straight-chain acyclic and / or cycloaliphatic olefins. When such olefins are reacted with formic acid or with carbon monoxide and water, a mixture of carboxylic acids is formed in which the carboxyl groups are predominantly located on a quaternary carbon atom. Other olefinic starting materials are e.g. B. propylene trimer, propylene tetramer and diisobutylene. The vinyl esters can also be prepared in a manner known per se from the acids, e.g. B. by allowing the acid to react with acetylene. Because of the good availability, vinyl esters of saturated aliphatic monocarboxylic acids having 9 to 11 carbon atoms which are branched on the alpha carbon atom are particularly preferably used. Vinyl esters of this type are sold under the VeoVa® brand (see also Römpp Lexikon Lacke und Druckfarben, Georg Thieme Verlag, Stuttgart, New York, 1998, page 598).
  Monomers (33):
  Diarylethylenes, especially those of the general formula VI:
  
  R ¹ R ² C = CR ³ R ⁴ (VI),
  
  wherein the radicals R ¹ , R ² , R ³ and R ⁴ each independently represent hydrogen atoms or substituted or unsubstituted alkyl, cycloalkyl, alkylcycloalkyl, cycloalkylalkyl, aryl, alkylaryl, cycloalkylaryl, arylalkyl or arylcycloalkyl radicals provided that at least two of the variables R ¹ , R ² , R ³ and R ^{4 represent} substituted or unsubstituted aryl, arylalkyl or arylcycloalkyl radicals, in particular substituted or unsubstituted aryl radicals. Examples of suitable alkyl radicals are methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, iso-butyl, tert-butyl, amyl, hexyl or 2-ethylhexyl. Examples of suitable cycloalkyl radicals are cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl or cyclohexyl. Examples of suitable alkylcycloalkyl radicals are methylenecyclohexane, ethylenecyclohexane or propane-1,3-diylcyclohexane. Examples of suitable cycloalkylalkyl radicals are 2-, 3- or 4-methyl, ethyl, propyl or butylcyclohex-1-yl. Examples of suitable aryl radicals are phenyl, naphthyl or biphenylyl, preferably phenyl and naphthyl and in particular phenyl. Examples of suitable alkylaryl radicals are benzyl or ethylene or propane-1,3-diyl-benzene. Examples of suitable cycloalkylaryl radicals are 2-, 3- or 4-phenylcyclohex-1-yl. Examples of suitable arylalkyl radicals are 2-, 3- or 4-methyl-, ethyl-, propyl- or butylphen-1-yl. Examples of suitable arylcycloalkyl radicals are 2-, 3- or 4-cyclohexylphen-1-yl. The aryl radicals R ¹ , R ² , R ³ and / or R ⁴ are preferably phenyl or naphthyl radicals, in particular phenyl radicals. The substituents optionally present in the radicals R ¹ , R ² , R ³ and / or R ⁴ are electron-withdrawing or electron-donating atoms or organic radicals, in particular halogen atoms, nitrile, nitro, partially or completely halogenated alkyl, cycloalkyl, alkylcycloalkyl , Cycloalkylalkyl, aryl, alkylaryl, cycloalkylaryl, arylalkyl and arylcycloalkyl radicals; Aryloxy, alkyloxy and cycloalkyloxy radicals; and / or arylthio, alkylthio and cycloalkylthio radicals. Diphenylethylene, dinaphthaleneethylene, cis- or trans-stilbene or vinylidene-bis (4-nitrobenzene), in particular diphenylethylene (DPE), are particularly advantageous, which is why they are preferably used. In the context of the present invention, the monomers (b33) are used in order to regulate the copolymerization advantageously in such a way that a free-radical copolymerization in batch mode is also possible.
  Monomers (34):
  Vinylaromatic hydrocarbons such as styrene, vinyltoluene, diphenylethylene or alpha-alkylstyrenes, especially alpha-methylstyrene.
  Monomers (35):
  Nitriles such as acrylonitrile and / or methacrylonitrile.
  Monomers (36):
  Vinyl compounds, especially vinyl and / or vinylidene dihalides such as vinyl chloride, vinyl fluoride, vinylidene dichloride or vinylidene difluoride; N-vinylamides such as vinyl-N-methylformamide, N-vinylcaprolactam or N-vinylpyrrolidone; 1-vinylimidazole; Vinyl ethers such as ethyl vinyl ether, n-propyl vinyl ether, isopropyl vinyl ether, n-butyl vinyl ether, isobutyl vinyl ether and / or vinyl cyclohexyl ether; and / or vinyl esters such as vinyl acetate, vinyl propionate, vinyl butyrate, vinyl pivalate and / or the vinyl ester of 2-methyl-2-ethylheptanoic acid.
  Monomers (37):
  Allyl compounds, in particular allyl ethers and esters such as allyl methyl, ethyl, propyl or butyl ether or allyl acetate, propionate or butyrate.
  Monomers (38):
  Polysiloxane macromonomers which have a number average molecular weight Mn of 1,000 to 40,000 and an average of 0.5 to 2.5 ethylenically unsaturated double bonds per molecule; in particular polysiloxane macromonomers which have a number average molecular weight Mn of 2,000 to 20,000, particularly preferably 2,500 to 10,000 and in particular 3,000 to 7,000 and on average 0.5 to 2.5, preferably 0.5 to 1.5, ethylenically unsaturated double bonds per molecule, as in DE 38 07 571 A1 on pages 5 to 7, DE 37 06 095 A1 in columns 3 to 7, EP 0 358 153 B1 on pages 3 to 6, in US 4,754,014 A1 in columns 5 to 9, in DE 44 21 823 A1 or in international patent application WO 92/22615 on page 12, line 18, to page 18, line 10.
  Monomers (39):
  Olefins such as ethylene, propylene, but-1-ene, pent-1-ene, hex-1-ene, cyclohexene, cyclopentene, norbornene, butadiene, isoprene, cyclopentadiene and / or dicyclopentadiene.

and or

• 1. Monomers containing epoxy groups, such as the glycidyl ester of acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, ethacrylic acid, crotonic acid, maleic acid, fumaric acid or itaconic acid or allyl glycidyl ether.

Higher functional monomers of the type described above are in generally used in minor amounts. As part of the present Invention are subordinate amounts of higher functional monomers to understand such amounts that are not necessary for crosslinking or gelling the (Meth) acrylate copolymers (II) lead, unless you want to crosslink produce polymeric microparticles.

Examples of suitable production processes for (meth) acrylate copolymers (II) are in European patent applications EP 0 767 185 A1, the German Patents DE 22 14 650 B1 or DE 27 49 576 B1 and the American Patents US 4,091,048 A1, US 3,781,379 A1, US 5,480,493 A1, US 5,475,073 A1 or US 5,534,598 A1 or in the standard work Houben-Weyl, Methods of organic chemistry, 4th edition, volume 14/1, pages 24 to 255, 1961. The usual reactors for the copolymerization are and known stirred tanks, stirred tank cascades, tubular reactors, Loop reactors or Taylor reactors, such as those in the Patent specifications and patent applications DE 10 71 241 B1, EP 0 498 583 A1 or DE 198 28 742 A1 or in the article by K. Kataoka in Chemical Engineering Science, volume 50, number 9, 1995, pages 1409 to 1416 be considered.

The introduction of functional groups with at least one by actinic Binding which can be activated can be achieved by polymer-analogous implementation of the (Meth) acrylate copolymers (II) described above with suitable Compounds which contain bonds which can be activated by actinic radiation, respectively. For example, there may be existing sideways Glycidyl groups of the (meth) acrylate copolymers (II) with (meth) acrylic acid be implemented.

The content of binders (II) in the one-component system according to the invention can also vary very widely and depends in particular on the Functionality of the binders (II) with regard to the crosslinking reactions. The content is preferably 5 to 40, more preferably 6 to 35, particularly preferably 7 to 30 and in particular 8 to 25% by weight, in each case based on the Solids of the one-component system according to the invention.

The third essential component of the invention One-component system is the inventive sol described above. The content of the one-component system according to the invention in the Sol according to the invention can also vary widely. Preferably, the Sol solids content of 5 to 70, preferably 6 to 65, particularly preferably 7 up to 60 and in particular 8 to 55% by weight, in each case based on the solid of the one-component system according to the invention.

In addition, the one-component system according to the invention can still contain at least one of the compounds (B) described above, which is not entered via the brine according to the invention. The amount of additional compounds (B) is preferably 5 to 40, preferably 6 to 35, particularly preferably 7 to 30 and in particular 8 to 25% by weight, in each case based on the solid of the one-component system according to the invention.

In addition, the one-component system according to the invention can also contain at least one of the additives (H) described above. The Selection depends primarily on the intended use of the one-component system according to the invention.

The one-component system according to the invention can be used as a dual-cure adhesive, Dual-cure sealant or dual-cure coating material are used.

The dual-cure adhesives, sealants and Coating materials liquid solvent-containing systems (conventional systems), liquid solvent-free systems (100% systems) or solvent-free solid Systems. In the case of coating materials, the solvent-free ones solid systems also referred to as powder coatings. These can also be found in water be dispersed. Dispersions of this type are also known by experts as Powder slurry paints called. Preferably, liquid solvent-containing, i.e. H. conventional, dual-cure adhesives, sealants and -Coating materials used.

The one-component system according to the invention is particularly preferred as Dual-cure clearcoat, in particular as a conventional dual-cure clearcoat, used. In this case the solids content is preferably 10 to 80, preferably 15 to 75, particularly preferably 20 to 70, very particularly preferred 25 to 65 and in particular 30 to 60 wt .-%, each based on the one-component system according to the invention.

The one-component systems according to the invention are not produced methodological peculiarities, but it can be the above in the Methods and devices described brines according to the invention be applied.

The dual-cure adhesives according to the invention serve to produce the adhesive layers according to the invention on primed and unprimed substrates.

The dual-cure sealing compounds according to the invention are used to manufacture the seals according to the invention on and / or in primed and unprimed Substrates.

The dual-cure coating materials are used to manufacture single or multilayer clear coats and / or color and / or effect Coatings on primed and unprimed substrates.

The one-component systems according to the invention prove to be precisely this Use as particularly advantageous. Very special advantages result from their use for the production of clearcoats, especially in the frame the so-called wet-on-wet process, in which a basecoat, in particular a waterborne basecoat, applied to the primed or unprimed substrate and dried, but is not hardened, after which one on the basecoat Clear coat applied and the resulting clear coat layer together with the Basecoat layer cures thermally and with actinic radiation.

All substrates to be painted, glued and / or come as substrates surfaces to be sealed by hardening the surface Layers under the combined application of heat and actinic radiation not be harmed.

Suitable substrates consist of metals, plastics, wood, ceramics, stone, Textiles, fiber composites, leather, glass, glass fibers, glass and rock wool, mineral and resin-bound building materials, such as gypsum and cement boards or roof tiles, as well as composites of these materials.

Accordingly, the dual-cure coating materials according to the invention are -Adhesives and sealants for coating, gluing and sealing of motor vehicle bodies or parts thereof, of motor vehicles in the interior and outdoors, of buildings indoors and outdoors, of furniture, Windows and doors as well as in the context of industrial painting for the Coating, gluing and sealing small parts such as nuts, screws, Hubcaps or rims, of coils, containers, packaging, electrotechnical Components, such as motor windings or transformer windings, and of white Goods such as household appliances, boilers and radiators are excellently suited.

In the case of electrically conductive substrates, primers can be used which are produced in the usual and known manner from electrocoat materials (ETL) become. Both anodic (ATL) and cathodic (KTL) Electrodeposition paints, but especially KTL, into consideration.

Primed or unprimed plastic parts made of e.g. B. ABS, AMMA, ASA, CA, CAB, EP, UF, CF, MF, MPF, PF, PAN, PA, PE, HDPE, LDPE, LLDPE, UHMWPE, PC, PC / PBT, PC / PA, PET, PMMA, PP, PS, SB, PUR, PVC, RF, SAN, PBT, PPE, POM, PUR-RIM, SMC, BMC, PP-EPDM and UP (Short designations according to DIN 7728T1) can be painted, glued or sealed. In the case of non-functionalized and / or non-polar substrate surfaces these can be pretreated in a known manner before coating, such as with a plasma or with flame, subjected to or with a Hydro primer.

The application of dual-cure coating materials, adhesives and - Sealants, especially the dual-cure coating materials, can by all usual application methods, such as B. spraying, knife coating, brushing, pouring, Dipping, watering, trickling or rolling. This can be too resting substrate as such, the application device or system is moved. However, the substrate to be coated, in particular a coil, are moved, the application system relative to the Substrate rests or is moved in a suitable manner.

Spray application methods, such as, for example, are preferably used Compressed air spraying, airless spraying, high rotation, electrostatic spray application (ESTA), optionally associated with hot spray application such as Hot-air hot spraying. The applications can be used at temperatures of max. 70 to 80 ° C are carried out so that suitable application viscosities are achieved become, without a short-term thermal load Change or damage to the coating material and its If necessary, use overspray to be reprocessed. So it can Hot spraying must be designed so that the dual-cure coating material is very poor is heated shortly in or shortly before the spray nozzle.

The spray booth used for the application can be used, for example, with a optionally operated temperature-controlled circulation with a suitable absorption medium for the overspray, e.g. B. the coating material itself, is operated.

Application when illuminated with visible light is preferred Wavelength of over 550 nm or in the absence of light. hereby a material change or damage to the dual-cure Avoid coating material and overspray.

In general, the one-component systems according to the invention for Manufacture of filler paints, solid-color top coats, basecoats and Clear coats applied in a wet film thickness that after they have hardened Layers with the necessary and advantageous layer thicknesses for their functions result. In the case of filler coatings, this layer thickness is 10 to 150, preferably 15 to 120, particularly preferably 20 to 100 and in particular 25 up to 90 µm, in the case of solid color coating it is 5 to 90, preferably 10 to 80, particularly preferably 15 to 60 and in particular 20 to 50 μm, in the case the base coat is 5 to 50, preferably 6 to 40, particularly preferably 7 to 30 and in particular 8 to 25 microns, and in the case of Clear coats are 10 to 100, preferably 15 to 90, particularly preferably 20 to 85 and in particular 25 to 80 microns.

Curing can take place after a certain period of rest. It can last from 30 s to 2 h, preferably 1 min to 1 h and in particular 1 min to 30 min to have. The rest period is used, for example, for the course and for degassing the applied layers or to evaporate volatile components such as Solvent or water. The rest period can be increased by the application Temperatures up to 80 ° C are supported and / or shortened, if none Damage or changes to the applied layers occur, for example early full networking.

According to the invention, curing takes place with actinic radiation, in particular with UV radiation; and / or electron beams. If necessary, you can use actinic radiation carried out or supplemented by other radiation sources become. In the case of electron beams it is preferred to use Inert gas atmosphere worked. This can be done, for example, by feeding Carbon dioxide and / or nitrogen directly to the surface of the applied Layers are guaranteed.

Even in the case of curing with UV radiation, the formation of ozone can increase avoid working under inert gas. Preferably, under one worked in an oxygen-depleted atmosphere.

For curing with actinic radiation, the usual and known Radiation sources and optical auxiliary measures applied. Examples of suitable ones Radiation sources are high or low pressure mercury vapor lamps, which are optionally doped with lead to close a radiation window up to 405 nm open, or electron beam sources. Their arrangement is known in principle and can be adapted to the conditions of the workpiece and the process parameters become.

In the case of workpieces of complex shapes such as automobile bodies, they cannot Areas accessible to direct radiation (shadow areas) such as cavities, Folding and other design-related undercuts with point, Small area or all-round spotlights connected with an automatic Movement device for irradiating cavities or edges, be cured.

The facilities and conditions of these hardening methods are, for example in R. Holmes, U. V. and E. B. Curing Formulations for Printing Inks, Coatings and Paints, SITA Technology, Academic Press, London, United Kindom 1984, described. Further examples of suitable methods and devices for Curing with actinic radiation is described in German patent application DE 198 18 735 A1, Column 10, lines 31 to 61.

The curing can take place in stages, i. H. through multiple Exposure or exposure to actinic radiation. This can also be the case alternate, d. that is, alternating with UV radiation and Electron radiation is cured.

The thermal hardening also has no special methodological features, but takes place according to the usual and known methods such as heating in one Fan oven or irradiation with IR lamps. As with actinic hardening Radiation, thermal curing can also be done in stages. The thermal curing advantageously takes place at a temperature> 90 ° C. preferably 90 to 180 ° C, particularly preferably 110 to 160 ° C and in particular 120 to 150 ° C for a period of 1 min to 2 h, particularly preferably 2 min up to 1 h and in particular 3 min to 30 min.

Thermal curing and curing with actinic radiation can be done simultaneously or used alternately. Will the two hardening methods used alternately, for example with thermal curing started and ended with curing with actinic radiation. In other cases, it may prove beneficial to start with curing to start and end actinic radiation. The expert can Hardening method, which is the most advantageous for each individual case with the help of his general specialist knowledge simple preliminary tests.

Another advantage of the new dual-cure coating materials, adhesives and - Sealants is that they are more complex shaped even in the shadow areas three-dimensional substrates such as bodies, radiators or electrical Winding goods, even without optimal, in particular complete, illumination of the Shadow zones with actinic radiation coatings, adhesive layers and Deliver seals whose application-related property profile matches that of Coatings, adhesive layers and seals outside the shadow zones at least approached. This will make those in the shadow zones Coatings, adhesive layers and seals are also no longer easy to get through mechanical and / or chemical impact damaged, such as when installing further components of motor vehicles in the coated Bodies can enter.

The from the dual-cure adhesives and sealants according to the invention also have produced adhesive layers and seals according to the invention under extreme and / or rapidly changing climatic conditions excellent adhesive strength and sealability even over long periods of time time.

Those made from the dual-cure coating materials of the invention Coatings according to the invention have an excellent flow and an excellent overall optical impression. They are weatherproof and do not turn yellow even in tropical climates. They are therefore inside and Can be used outdoors.

The color and / or produced with the help of the dual-cure coating materials effect-giving multi-layer coatings are what color, effect, gloss and D. O.I. (distinctiveness of the reflected image) concerns, of the highest optical Quality, have a smooth, structure-free, hard, flexible and scratch-resistant surface, are weather, chemical and etch resistant, they do not yellow and show no cracking and delamination of the layers.

Therefore, the primed and unprimed according to the invention Substrates, in particular bodies of automobiles and commercial vehicles, industrial components, including plastic parts, small parts, packaging, coils, white Goods and electrical components, or furniture, doors or windows that come with coated at least one coating according to the invention, with at least sealed a seal according to the invention and / or with at least one are glued according to the invention, special technical and economic benefits, especially a long service life, based on what they are for that makes users particularly attractive.

Examples Production Example 1 The preparation of a binder (II)

In a laboratory reactor with a usable volume of 4 l, which is equipped with a stirrer, a dropping funnel for the monomer feed and a dropping funnel for the Initiator inlet, nitrogen inlet tube, thermometer and reflux condenser 650 parts by weight of a fraction became more aromatic Hydrocarbons with a boiling range of 158 to 172 ° C submitted. The Solvent was heated to 140 ° C, after which at this temperature below Stir a monomer mixture of 652 parts by weight of ethylhexyl acrylate, 383 Parts by weight of hydroxyethyl methacrylate, 143 parts by weight of styrene, 213 Parts by weight of 4-hydroxybutyl acrylate and 49 parts by weight of acrylic acid during four hours and an initiator solution of 113 parts by weight of tert. Butyl perethyl hexanoate and 113 parts by weight of the aromatic solvent were metered in evenly over four and a half hours. With the inlets was started at the same time. After the initiator feed had ended, the Editorial mix kept at 140 ° C for two hours and thereafter cooled. The reaction mixture was mixed with a mixture of 1- Diluted methoxypropylacetate-2, butylglycol acetate and butyl acetate. The resulting binder solution (II) had a solids content of 65% by weight to (1 h / 130 ° C).

Preparation example 2 The preparation of a crosslinking agent (I)

1,538 parts by weight of a commercially available acrylate and isocyanate functional Polyisocyanates (Roskydal® UA VPLS 2337 from Bayer AG) were used in 838 Parts by weight of a fraction of aromatic hydrocarbons with a Boiling range from 158 to 172 ° C solved. The solution was placed in a reactor equipped with stirrer, reflux condenser and oil heating, weighed and at 60 ° C heated. 418 parts by weight were added via a solids metering device Dimethylpyrazole added in three portions, one with each addition exothermic reaction occurred. After each of the encores, that was first The exotherm subsided before the next addition was made. The Free isocyanate group content was determined hourly. At a Isocyanate content <0.01%, the solution was cooled to room temperature and filtered. The solution (I) had a solids content of 70% by weight.

Examples 1 and 2 The production of brine 1 and 2 according to the invention

Aluminum tri-sec-butoxide and Dimethyldiethoxysilane and an equimolar amount of acetoacetic acid ester (related on the aluminate) while stirring so that the temperature is below 30 ° C remained. Dipentaerythritol pentaacrylate and the added other hydrolyzable silicon compounds. The resulting one Mixture was homogenized for 30 minutes. At room temperature water for 45 minutes at a feed rate of about 0.4 ml / min metered into the mixture with stirring. The resulting reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature for 24 hours.

The starting products and their amounts can be found in Table 1. Table 1 The starting products for the brine 1 and 2 according to the invention their amounts

The sols of Examples 1 and 2 according to the invention were outstanding for the Production of thin, highly scratch-resistant coatings for the suitable for a wide variety of substrates. They were also excellent for suitable for the production of dual-cure clearcoats according to the invention. Despite When manufactured at room temperature, they were extremely stable without that they had to be cooled. This was logistical, equipment, Process engineering and security technology particularly advantageous.

Examples 3 and 4 The production of dual-cure clearcoats and clearcoats according to the invention therefrom

For the production of the dual-cure clearcoats of Examples 3 according to the invention and 4 was first a base coat of 35.9 parts by weight of Binder solution (II) of Preparation 1, 1.0 parts by weight of a substituted hydroxyphenyltriazine (65% in toluene), 1.0 part by weight of N- Aminoether-2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-piperidinyl ester (Tinuvin® 123 from Ciba Specialty Chemicals), 0.4 parts by weight of a leveling agent (BYK® 306 by Byk Chemie), 0.5 part by weight of Lucirin® TPO (photoinitiator from BASF Aktiengesellschaft), 1.0 part by weight of Genocure® MBF (photoinitiator of Rahn), 2.0 parts by weight of Irgacure® 184 (photoinitiator from Specialty Chemicals, Inc.), 10.8 parts by weight of solvent naphtha and 27.4 parts by weight Butyl diglycol acetate.

The base lacquer, the crosslinking agent (I) according to preparation example 2 and the sols 1 and 2 according to the invention according to examples 1 and 2 and a solution containing dibutyltin dilaurate (crosslinking catalyst) were mixed with one another in the quantitative ratios shown in table 2 and homogenized. Table 2 The material composition (in% by weight) of the dual-cure clearcoats of Examples 3 and 4

The dual-cure clearcoats of Examples 3 and 4 were each 27.4 Parts by weight of butyl acetate and 10 parts by weight of solvent naphtha in one A viscosity of 18 seconds is set in the A4 flow cup and sieved (Mesh size 31 µm). They were used for the production of clear coats in coloring multi-layer coatings used.

To produce the multi-layer coatings, test panels made of steel were used Electrocoating with a dry film thickness of 18 to 22 µm coated were coated with a water filler. The resulting Water filler layers were baked at 165 ° C for 20 minutes, so that Filler coatings with a dry film thickness of 35 to 40 µm resulted. The Filler finishes were then covered with a black waterborne basecoat a layer thickness of 12 to 15 microns coated, and the resulting Waterborne basecoats were flashed off at 80 ° C for 10 minutes. The clearcoats of Examples 3 and 4 were then wet-on-wet in one Cloister pneumatically applied with a gravity cup gun. The Clearcoat layers were flashed off at room temperature for 5 minutes.

In a first series, the water-based lacquer layers and the clear lacquer layers were then thermally cured in a forced air oven at 140 ° C. for 20 minutes. The thermally hardened clear lacquer layers were then hardened with UV radiation (dose: 1,500 mJ / cm ² ). The result was clear coats with a dry film thickness of 60 to 65 µm.

To simulate the hardening of the clear lacquer layers in the shadow zones the clear lacquer layers in a second series are only thermally hardened, the conditions described above were applied.

The multilayer coatings of the first series according to the invention were tested as follows:
The gloss and haze of the multi-layer coatings were determined in accordance with DIN 67530.

The micro penetration hardness was determined as universal hardness at 25.6 mN with a Fischersope 100 V measured with Vickers diamond pyramid.

The scratch resistance of the multi-layer paintwork was determined after the sand test. For this purpose, the paint surface was loaded with sand (20 g quartz-silver sand 1.5-2.0 mm). The sand was placed in a beaker (floor cut off flat), which was firmly attached to the test panel. The table with the cup and the sand was shaken by means of a motor drive. The movement of the loose sand caused damage to the paint surface (100 double strokes in 20 s). After exposure to sand, the test area was cleaned of abrasion, carefully wiped under a cold water jet and then dried with compressed air. The gloss was measured according to DIN 67530 before and after damage (measuring direction perpendicular to the scratch direction):
The scratch resistance was also determined after the brush test. For this test, the test panels with the multi-layer coatings were stored at room temperature for at least 2 weeks before the test was carried out. The procedure described in FIG. 2 on page 28 of the article by P. Betz and A. Bartelt, Progress in Organic Coatings, 22 (1993), pages 27-37, was applied, although it was based on the weight used (2000 g instead of the 280 g mentioned there was modified. In the test, the paint surface was damaged with a sieve fabric that was loaded with a mass. The screen fabric and the varnish surface were wetted liberally with a detergent solution. The test panel was moved back and forth under the screen fabric in a lifting motion by means of a motor drive. The test specimen was an eraser (4.5 × 2.0 cm, wide side perpendicular to the direction of scratching) covered with nylon mesh (No. 11, 31 μm mesh size, Tg 50 ° C.). The coating weight was 2000 g. The screen fabric was renewed before each test, the running direction of the fabric mesh was parallel to the direction of scratching. About 1 ml of a freshly stirred 0.25% Persil solution was applied in front of the eraser with a pipette. The number of revolutions of the motor was set so that 80 double strokes were carried out in a time of 80 s. After the test, the remaining washing liquid was rinsed with cold tap water and the test panel was blown dry with compressed air. The gloss was measured according to DIN 67530 before and after damage (measuring direction perpendicular to the scratch direction).

In addition, the scratch resistance was determined according to the Amtec Kistler test determined (see T. Klimmasch, T. Engbert, Technology Days, Cologne, DFO, Report volume 32, pages 59 to 66, 1997).

The scratch resistance was also determined using the steel wool test. For this purpose, the flat side of a locksmith's hammer was covered with a layer of steel wool in accordance with DIN 1041. Then the hammer was carefully placed on the clearcoats at a right angle and passed over the clearcoats in a trace without tilting and without additional physical strength. In each test, 10 double strokes had to be carried out over 15 seconds. The damage pattern was graded as follows: Note damage pattern 1 no scratch 2 small number of scratches 3 moderate number of scratches 4 medium number of scratches 5 large number of scratches 6 a lot of scratches

In addition, the damage pattern was determined after 200 double strokes and the Depth of scratches determined qualitatively.

The multi-layer paintwork of the second series was the fingernail test subjected.

The application properties determined in this way are summarized in Table 3. Table 3 Important application properties of the multi-layer coatings of Examples 3 and 4

The results summarized in Table 3 show that the Multi-coat coatings according to the invention have a high gloss, a low gloss Haze, a very good hardness and a particularly high scratch resistance even in the Had shadow zones.

Claims (22)

1. Thermally and with actinic radiation curable polysiloxane brine, (dual-cure polysiloxane brine) can be produced by hydrolysis and condensation A) at least one hydrolyzable silicon compound of the general formula I:

X _m Si (RY _n ) _4-m (I),

where the indices and the variables have the following meaning:
m 1, 2 or 3;
n 1, 2 or 3;
X hydrolyzable residue;
R non-hydrolyzable divalent organic residue;
Y blocked isocyanate group;
in the presence of B) at least one compound containing at least one reactive functional group with at least one bond which can be activated with actinic radiation and at least one isocyanate-reactive functional group. 2. Dual-cure polysiloxane brine according to claim 1, characterized in that it by hydrolysis and condensation in the presence A) at least one hydrolyzable silicon compound of general formula II:

X _m Si (RZ _n ) _4-m (II),

where the indices and the variables have the following meaning:
m 1, 2 or 3;
n 1, 2 or 3;
X hydrolyzable residue;
R non-hydrolyzable divalent organic residue;
Z isocyanate-reactive functional group, reactive functional group with at least one bond that can be activated with actinic radiation and / or epoxy group; are producible. 3. Dual-cure polysiloxane brine according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that it is present A) at least one hydrolyzable silicon compound of the general formula III:

X _p SiR ' _4-p (III),

where the indices and the variables have the following meaning:
p 1, 2, 3 or 4;
X hydrolyzable residue;
R 'non-hydrolyzable monovalent organic residue; are producible. 4. Dual-cure polysiloxane brine according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that it is present A) at least one hydrolyzable metal compound of the general formula IV:

X _p MR ' _rp (IV),

where the indices and the variables have the following meaning:
p and
r is an integer between 1 and 4, with the proviso that p + r = 2, 3 or 4;
M tin, boron, aluminum, titanium or zirconium;
X hydrolyzable residue;
R 'non-hydrolyzable monovalent organic residue; are producible. 5. Dual-cure polysiloxane brine according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that it is present A) at least one organic thio compound of the general formula V:

S (RZ _n ) ₂ (V),

wherein the index and the variable have the meaning given above; are producible. 6. Dual-cure polysiloxane brine according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized characterized by hydrolysis, condensation and Complexation can be produced. 7. Dual-cure polysiloxane brine according to claim 6, characterized in that that the complexing agent (G) from the group of organic Compounds that form chelating ligands can be selected. 8. Dual-cure polysiloxane brine according to one of claims 1 to 7, characterized characterized in that the isocyanate-reactive functional groups from the Group consisting of thiol groups, hydroxyl groups and primary and secondary amino groups can be selected. 9. Dual-cure polysiloxane brine according to one of claims 1 to 8, characterized characterized in that the bonds which can be activated with actinic radiation Carbon-hydrogen single bonds or carbon-carbon, Carbon-oxygen, carbon-nitrogen, carbon-phosphorus or Carbon-silicon single bonds or double bonds are. 10. Dual-cure polysiloxane brine according to claim 9, characterized in that that the bonds that can be activated with actinic radiation Carbon double bonds ("double bonds") are. 11. Dual-cure polysiloxane brine according to claim 10, characterized in that that the groups containing double bonds from the group, consisting of (meth) acrylate, ethacrylate, crotonate, cinnamate, Vinyl ether, vinyl ester, dicyclopentadienyl, norbornenyl, isoprenyl, Isoprenyl, isopropenyl, allyl or butenyl groups; dicyclopentadienyl, Norbornenyl, isoprenyl, isopropenyl, allyl or butenyl ether groups or dicyclopentadienyl, norbornenyl, isoprenyl, isopropenyl, allyl or Butenyl ester groups. 12. Dual-cure polysiloxane brine according to one of claims 1 to 11, characterized characterized in that the indices m and n independently of one another for 1 stand. 13. Dual-cure polysiloxane brine according to one of claims 1 to 12, characterized characterized in that the hydrolyzable radicals X from the group, consisting of hydrogen atoms and halogen atoms, hydroxyl groups and primary and secondary amino groups as well as substituted and unsubstituted alkoxy, cycloalkoxy, aryloxy, acyloxy, alkoxycarbonyl, Cycloalkoxycarbonyl and aryloxycarbonyl groups can be selected. 14. Dual-cure polysiloxane brine according to claim 13, characterized in that that the hydrolyzable radicals X from the group of alkoxy groups with 1 up to 4 carbon atoms in the alkylene radical can be selected. 15. Dual-cure polysiloxane brine according to one of claims 1 to 14, characterized in that the non-hydrolyzable, double-bonded organic radicals from the group consisting of double-bonded radicals which are derived from at least one of the following organic compounds: a) Substituted and unsubstituted, linear or branched alkanes, alkenes, cycloalkanes, cycloalkenes, alkylcycloalkanes, alkylcycloalkenes, alkenylcycloalkanes or alkenylcycloalkenes containing no or at least one heteroatom in the chain and / or in the ring; b) substituted and unsubstituted aromatics or heteroamates; such as c) alkyl, alkenyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkenyl, alkylcyloalkyl, alkylcycloalkenyl, alkenylcycloalkyl or alkenylcycloalkenyl-substituted aromatics or heteroaromatics, their substituents are substituted or unsubstituted and contain no or at least one heteroatom in their chain and / or their ring; to be selected. 16. Dual-cure polysiloxane brine according to one of claims 1 to 15, characterized in that the blocking agents for the blocked isocyanate group Y from the group consisting of a) phenols, such as phenol, cresol, xylenol, nitrophenol, chlorophenol, ethylphenol, tert-butylphenol, hydroxybenzoic acid, esters of this acid or 2,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxytoluene; b) lactams, such as ε-caprolactam, δ-valerolactam, γ-butyrolactam or β-propiolactam; c) active methylenic compounds, such as diethyl malonate, dimethyl malonate, ethyl or methyl acetoacetate or acetylacetone; d) Alcohols, such as methanol, ethanol, n-propanol, isopropanol, n-butanol, isobutanol, t-butanol, n-amyl alcohol, t-amyl alcohol, lauryl alcohol, ethylene glycol monomethyl ether, ethylene glycol monoethyl ether, ethylene glycol monopropyl ether, ethylene glycol monobutyl ether, diethylene glycol monomethyl glycol ether, methylene ether, methyl monomethyl glycol ether, diethylene glycol monomethyl glycol ether, diethylene glycol monomethyl glycol ether, diethylene glycol monomethyl glycol ether, diethylene glycol monomethyl glycol ether, , Glycolic acid, glycolic acid ester, lactic acid, lactic acid ester, methylolurea, methylolmelamine, diacetone alcohol, ethylene chlorohydrin, ethylene bromohydrin, 1,3-dichloro-2-propanol, 1,4-cyclohexyldimethanol or acetocyanhydrin; e) mercaptans, such as butyl mercaptan, hexyl mercaptan, t-butyl mercaptan, t-dodecyl mercaptan, 2-mercaptobenzothiazole, thiophenol, methylthiophenol or ethylthiophenol; f) acid amides, such as acetoanilide, acetoanisidinamide, acrylamide, methacrylamide, acetic acid amide, stearic acid amide or benzamide; g) imides such as succinimide, phthalimide or maleimide; h) amines, such as diphenylamine, phenylnaphthylamine, xylidine, N-phenylxylidine, carbazole, aniline, naphthylamine, butylamine, dibutylamine or butylphenylamine; i) imidazoles, such as imidazole or 2-ethylimidazole; j) ureas, such as urea, thiourea, ethylene urea, ethylene thiourea or 1,3-diphenyl urea; k) carbamates, such as phenyl N-phenylcarbamate or 2-oxazolidone; l) imines, such as ethyleneimine; m) oximes, such as acetone oxime, formal doxime, acetaldoxime, acetoxime, methyl ethyl ketoxime, diisobutyl ketoxime, diacetyl monoxime, benzophenone oxime or chlorohexanone oxime; n) salts of the sulfurous acid, such as sodium bisulfite or potassium bisulfite; o) hydroxamic acid esters, such as benzyl methacrylohydroxamate (BMH) or allyl methacrylohydroxamate; or p) substituted pyrazoles and triazoles; such as q) mixtures of these blocking agents; to be selected. 17. Dual-cure polysiloxane brine according to one of claims 1 to 16, characterized in that the non-hydrolyzable, monovalent organic radical R 'from the group consisting of monovalent radicals which are derived from at least one of the following organic compounds: a) Substituted and unsubstituted, linear or branched alkanes, alkenes, cycloalkanes, cycloalkenes, alkylcycloalkanes, alkylcycloalkenes, alkenylcycloalkanes or alkenylcycloalkenes containing no or at least one heteroatom in the chain and / or in the ring; b) substituted and unsubstituted aromatics or heteroamates; such as c) alkyl, alkenyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkenyl, alkylcyloalkyl, alkylcycloalkenyl, alkenylcycloalkyl or alkenylcycloalkenyl-substituted aromatics or heteroaromatics, their substituents are substituted or unsubstituted and contain no or at least one heteroatom in their chain and / or their ring; to be selected. 18. A process for the preparation of dual-cure polysiloxane sols according to any one of claims 1 to 17 by hydrolysis and condensation A) at least one silicon compound of the general formula I:

X _m Si (RY _n ) _4-m (I),

where the indices and the variables have the following meaning:
m 1, 2 or 3;
n 1, 2 or 3;
X hydrolyzable residue;
R non-hydrolyzable divalent organic residue;
Y blocked isocyanate group; characterized in that before, during and / or after the hydrolysis and condensation of the hydrolyzable silicon compound I A) at least one compound containing at least one reactive functional group with at least one bond which can be activated with actinic radiation and at least one isocyanate-reactive functional group; added. 19. Use of the dual-cure polysiloxane brine according to one of the claims 1 to 17 as coating materials, adhesives and sealants for Manufacture of coatings, adhesive layers and seals. 20. Use of the dual-cure polysiloxane brine according to one of the claims 1 to 17 as a component of dual-cure coating materials, adhesives and sealing compounds for the production of coatings, adhesive layers and seals. 21. Use according to claim 20, characterized in that the dual Cure coating materials are dual-cure clear coats. 22. Use according to one of claims 19 to 21, characterized characterized in that the coating materials, adhesives and Sealants for painting, gluing and sealing Motor vehicle bodies and parts thereof, motor vehicles in the interior and outdoors, buildings indoors and outdoors, doors, Windows and furniture as well as in the context of industrial painting for the Painting, gluing and sealing small parts, coils, containers, Packaging, electrical components and white goods are used become.