DE10127156A1 - Local positioning system for moving objects such as people, animals or vehicles determines if person is in danger and automatically dials number - Google Patents

Abstract

Elderly people or the sick are provided with transmitters on their wrists in order to determine if the person is moving and where the person is. Signals are received by at least four stationary receivers, at least three of which calculate three-dimensional coordinates, and a fourth for calibration. A computer program is used to determine if the person or people are in danger, and automatically dials a predetermined telephone number.

Description

1. Local positioning system for moving objects

The local positioning system (LPS) is used for moving objects on the one hand to monitor the elderly, sick, dogs or other pets, on the other hand as a prerequisite for control of vehicles or for the localization of bearing parts. LPS is through it characterized that every moving object has a transmitter with it leads, whose signals recognize that the respective object moved or not moved and where it is located. The signals are collected by 4 stationary receivers, of which 3 are Calculate the 3-dimensional coordinates of the transmitters and serve the 4th for calibration. Over the term or also Phase shift of the high-frequency electromagnetic waves is the distance between each receiver and the transmitters determined. In principle, the primary signals can also be reversed sent by the 4 receivers and answered by the sender.

A central computer is used to evaluate the 3 distances, the corrections and the calculation of the 3-dimensional coordinates of the movable transmitter or transmitters. There can be almost any number Sender with their individual identifiers, e.g. B. posted identifying numbers can be evaluated in the central computer.

1.1 Notification of falling and fainting

The main claim is characterized in that old people or sick people with such channels z. B. equipped on the wrist to determine: 1. whether the person is moving and 2. where he is, with the help of a program stored in the computer, which decides whether the old or sick person is in danger or not. Obviously he is in danger if he (specifically the broadcaster) z. B. is in the hallway on the floor and does not move for 1 minute. He is not in danger. B. if he is motionless in his bed or resting place at a certain, preset time for 15 minutes, so obviously sleeps. The floor plans of the apartments (including the entrance doors and garden) - or also of old people's homes, hospitals etc. are stored in the computer program. In addition, categories of rooms or room parts that are typical, e.g. B.

• - Spaces where prolonged immobility is a danger signals, e.g. B. hallways, stairs, parts of the room where there is no Seating, etc.,  
• - Spaces where motionlessness is typical for predetermined time intervals is normal, e.g. B. at the dining table (hand resting), in the living room on the couch or in bed - but here in each case only during certain times and for certain lengths of time.

Every senior can discuss what is "normal" for him, e.g. B .:

• - bathe for 20 to 30 minutes,
• - Sit up after getting out of bed after 1 to 2 minutes get up and leave the bedroom within 2 minutes. This is monitored. B. as follows: As soon as a movement z. B. 0.4 m above the edge of the bed occurs, the intelligent program runs and triggers one Pre-alarm off if the person e.g. B. falls back or falls to the ground and X minutes is motionless or the bedroom is not left within 4 minutes. If the old man did that Wristband with the transmitter (or the motion detector - for re-use charging the battery) and forgot to put it on Pre-alarm can be triggered if it (the bracelet) is not up to e.g. B. 8.30 Clock has moved (similar in the living room after a nap).

This information is recorded and the rooms are arranged in Questionnaires and based on model floor plans of apartments. The Evaluation serves directly as input for the computer program to enter in a mask by every secretary or already in the laptop on site or on Telephone during the interview. This data is then used with the executing Computer program transferred to the minicomputer or simple PC. This receives all information about the current Location of the monitored person and whether they are moving. The Mini calculator or PC triggers an alarm if the normal power fails (and then an alarm is desired). A broken phone line could be in an extension can be replaced by a radio.

The program monitors the entire apartment, possibly the garden and the Entrance (or entrances) to determine if man is the apartment (or left the house).

If danger is detected, a pre-alarm is given. Is this pre-alarm from not acknowledged old people (or sick people). B. by pressing the transmitter several times on the wrist will result in a Emergency call center (of a house emergency service, H-N-D), a neighbor Son or daughter, directly called the rescue, a doctor, etc. - according to the stored priority list.  

1.2 Supplemented by motion detectors and video cameras for extended protection

Additional motion detectors and the program protect against burglars. It can e.g. B. be programmed that movements in the house between 11:00 p.m. and 6:00 a.m. should trigger an alarm if this movement does not starts in the bedroom (or on the way to the toilet): The same happens when the program detects that e.g. B. a 2nd person the house from where other than entering the main entrance.

Video cameras allow many extensions and good additions to Safety of seniors in health threats and offer better ones Protection against burglars even when you are away.

1.3 Supplements through pulse, temperature and blood pressure measurement

If the pulse, temperature and blood pressure monitors at certain times the values can be created with the minicomputer via a program evaluated and in the event of certain exceeding or falling short of Measured values trigger an alarm to a doctor or neighbor or else be sent regularly to the family doctor. The mini calculator needs for this of course a suitable connection, the rest is as described before.

1.4 Additional expansion to senior and single service

Some things can be identical to the surveillance of seniors, e.g. B. the Housing surveillance against burglary. Only the program changes here connected.

The main difference is that instead of the mini calculator or simple PC a normal (inexpensive) PC is available that is connected to the Internet is connected. Nevertheless, there should be the possibility that for Individuals (e.g. older people) who have absolutely nothing to do with computer technology want to do, a child's play handling is made possible. To a PC with touchboard or voice input would not be possible with one Keyboard. All commands could be on the touchboard be written, as well as companies (with telephone numbers), doctors, police, Firefighters, friends, travel agencies, pizza service, repair shop, etc. Voice input would also be suitable, e.g. B. Numbers 1 to 50 that dial a phone number or execute computer commands such as B. call a voice recognition program for dictation and then e-mail this letter to another via another number send certain address. The PCs ran in the normal state in the energy Economy and are activated at the push of a button. Also the connection to the TV would of course be possible.  

The alarm could e.g. B. go to the DRK headquarters, the single service Companies on the market with existing headquarters.

What is important is the possibility of a call to a central office, the orders accepted and provided information.

Typical tasks would be:

• - Obtaining offers for repairs around the house and car and around Arrange repair appointments. The organization of whole Tasks such as the repair of a pipe break by a plumber, closing the gap, repainting and repairing one damaged soil including settlement with the insurance company.
• - Advice on what is found under which Internet addresses, e.g. B.
  • - Latest news and newspaper archives
  • - Encyclopedias
  • - Event information
  • - consumer information
  • - stock market prices
• - Obtain travel and vacation offers and obtain tickets
• - Order pizza and general food on time in the house
• - Doing purchases with home delivery
• - Secretarial work, bank processing (payment of bills, cash exercises, collecting travelers checks), going to the post office, packing packages etc.
• - Arrange doctor-hairdresser-optician etc. appointments
• - Tickets and dates for opera, theater, cinema, museum visits etc. procure, as well as videos
• - Make reminders for specific people
• - Grooming service, laundry service, cats, dogs, flowers and care Organize babysitters on time
• - Discussions with specialists, certain officials, advisors etc. agree after suitable or responsible persons are found had been
• - Presence with large deliveries and acceptance
• - For the storage of delivered goods, especially food heat-insulated boxes with snap lock supplied in the case of Absence the goods can be deposited on the doorstep
• - Certain programs can be installed on the PC on request (and if necessary, e.g. anti-virus programs). B .:
  • - A medical self-diagnosis program
  • - German and European timetables
  • - chess and other games
  • - Free goods were professionally selected for travel, areas of knowledge, games, music etc. and acceptance was confirmed by surveys
• - If desired, a connection to selected other participants of the single service.

These services are provided through portal services.

So travel agencies are engaged, secretaries close to the place, Housewives, early retirees, cleaning women etc. They will be more direct Advertising and engaged through employment offices for specific jobs, Contracts concluded and in databases with addresses, telephone and e- mail numbers filed. In larger places, a local organizer will be there employed, who finds and supports the part-time employees (e.g. 630 DM jobs) Performance and reliability monitored.

1.5 There are various solutions for dog owners

• - Keep dogs within an area without a fence: the previous one very much expensive and inflexible solution: the dog receives a collar with two Current contacts; if he approaches a buried cable, he receives increasing current surges the closer it is to the electrically charged cable approaches. Digging in such a cable is very complex, especially under Asphalt etc. With the new system, only the area is transferred to the PC entered and via the transmitter on the collar the location of the dog determined; If he approaches the border, he receives increasing surges, triggered by the PC via a transmitter. You can do the same with make any pets.
• - Bell prevention: A vibrator is currently being used to determine whether the Dog barks and then receives a power surge after a "warning". At the In the new system, the time is programmed in which time it barks may and may not, so he can use the collar (near the house) always wear. Likewise, he should z. B. barking at home etc., any flexible, as requested by the dog owner.
• - Training / educational device: As a variant of the above devices usable
• - Location of hunting dogs in z. B. a badger or fox burrow: Here the receivers would have to be measured flexibly and geometrically be set up. On a laptop, the whereabouts and the Movement of the dog made visible.

1.6 For logistics

You can flexibly control industrial trucks via PC by the factory hall is stored as a plan. Today, induction cables have to be in the ground be let in; each change in the workflow means one Change in cable routing. Or there are elaborate transmitters and Receiver on board with computer evaluation installed in the new system the specification only needs to be changed on the PC. Priority rules for many Vehicles can be programmed, e.g. B. right before left.  

Likewise, sports fields, but also parks through remote controlled Lawnmowers are mowed, watered (individual flower beds e.g.), fertilized or whatever, very specifically.

Cranes can also be controlled as flexibly as unmanned people Fire engines in case of fire with toxic gases etc.. , , a whole range of new, flexible applications is conceivable.

1.7 A chaotic camp

Messy means that newly stored parts go to any free Place. So far, the effort has been considerable to place these in that Enter the PPS system (if available) and of course every withdrawal as well. With the new LPS, small parts with numbers are placed on the parts glued - done. The local one appears automatically on the PC on the screen Location with the number of the transmitter. Suitable in confusing camps with large parts or on construction sites. The control of high-bay warehouses would be conceivable, also a coupling with the very inexpensive Transponder technology for many small parts as sub-groups.  

2. The LPS computer program 2.1 drawing program

The floor plan and layout of an apartment or the Floor plans and elevations drawn in a multi-story house.

The respective location of the movable transmitter is from another Program module recognized by the x, y, z coordinates in a file (Excel for example). With the transmitter all rooms walked off by holding the transmitter on and off at every corner is turned off. The coordinates are saved and with the drawn drawing program. The drawing then shows whether the entry was correct.

2.2 Marking the rooms

When the floor plan is ready, the next step has to be done: Every room of the apartment and also every special area of one Room must be identified as such.

In the drawn plans, certain areas are moved to another Filed module of the program LPS as "Categories", z. B. a bed, 40 cm high and 2 × 1 m extra as a special area (e.g. No. 1) recorded. The moving transmitter (i.e. the monitored one) Person) in area # 1 on so the LPS program knows that there the person z. B. may be motionless for 10 hours without a Alarm is triggered.

The following solution is proposed: With the mouse in the Drawing a room or an area (e.g. bed, couch) clicked with type in a name on the keyboard, e.g. B. Wz, Sz 1, Sz 2, hall, toilet, Bad, K (eller), Kü (che), B (ett), C (ouch) etc. in a protocol then recorded, e.g. Example: Tool points 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14 etc. Ideally, Wz would also be written in the plan where you would clicked with the mouse. (For control for the senior and for Error prevention). Within the W (ohn) z (immers) also the drawn C (ouch) clicked and labeled C (or with couch).

2.3 Allocating rooms or areas to categories

The program registers that the transmitter moves from one room to another other moves. Depending on the previously defined category of the room the alarm system must respond, e.g. B. only movement is normal, so  harmless as in the hallway - or rest + movement like on a couch. These categories are recorded in a mask, e.g. B. with K1 to K9.

One of the categories is: Between 0 and 30 cm above the floor in an alarm is triggered in all rooms if the transmitter is there longer than Is motionless for 20 seconds (× seconds). Alarm always means Pre-alarm followed by a real alarm if it is not turned off - by touching the transmitter twice or more (preferred under the clock) with one finger: trigger active alarm as well also switch off pre-alarm.

If the apartment or house is left (work or rest in the Garden) there are also categories. Resting places or boundaries (the a senior should not leave for security reasons) must part the basic drawing and how living spaces are treated.

An annual and / or daily schedule must be provided for each room / location category be deposited. It specifies from when to when (time, Calendar day, holiday etc.) exercise or rest is normal. In the hallway only movement is normal and an alarm is triggered (if there is nothing to read, phone calls etc.) - after 20 or 30 Seconds of immobility, a lot on the phone (own category) longer etc. It should also be possible to switch on regardless of the time Enter hazard scenario for certain categories, which z. B. only applies to the bed or the couch.

2.4 Some program features

Activate loudspeaker:

• - If the alarm or service center calls, a loudspeaker should be in close to the transmitter (or all). The program "knows" where the transmitter is.
• - In case of break-in: All loudspeakers should be very loud according to the given text (in a low voice) to expel the burglar.

Store language texts at alarm or service center:

• - In the event of a break-in, inform the police of the address and cause (e.g. here is the alarm system from Talstraße 13 in Oberrodenbach, the elderly Ms. Müller sleeps and a person moves in the living room, he came . , , from the cellar).
• - If the alarm center faints,. , , does not move in the bathroom more.  
• - In the event of a system error at the service center: "The transmitter has been transmitting since 1 Hour no more "; a receiver has failed; the computer is down crashed etc.

2.5 Burglary protection

The program should also react to a break-in: as soon as in one certain rooms in a certain time range (e.g. at night in the Living room) or if the monitored person is in another There is a room and a motion detector responds (via a transmitter he announced his number so that the program knows from which room the signal comes), an alarm should be triggered z. B. to the Police or a head office (to be entered alternatively).

The program should also have the possibility in the room where the motion detector responded and if the monitored person is not there is a video camera and possibly light (or only light) at the same time switch on and save the recordings in the PC and from to be sent there to a central office and / or on the Screen again.

Times should also be entered here. For example, a cleaning lady could have one Have keys and come between 8 a.m. and 12 p.m. - or a child etc. At these times, no alarm should be triggered become.

An alarm should be triggered at night if the movement is not in the Bedroom starts - or if the movement is somewhere other than on the way to the toilet begins because the bracelet has been removed beforehand. The same applies if the alarm tape carrier has left the house and has not switched off the intruder detector on the PC.

In addition to the alarm to a central office or the police should be entered be that at certain times z. B. at night or in the absence a speaker is turned on to the burglar by a Get warning to leave home.

If video cameras are used, the absolutely safe maintenance of the Privacy important. You have to make sure through the mini computer / PC that the video cameras are inactive, i.e. they do not start operation can, if they are not released by agreed criteria. Maybe they should be visible in the bathroom, bedroom or anywhere else in the normal case be directed to the ground and only swing up when taking pictures make, so if programmed need. The criteria are from  Mini computer / PC defined on site, so the video cameras can be used by the Headquarters cannot be switched on unless this is definitely agreed. We assume that an alarm is always sent via an H-N-D bracelet Push button can be triggered. In this case too, everyone Video cameras of the apartment or house via the mini computer / PC activated and observed the house, according to the agreements with Seniors or singles met how the person or house is protected shall be. The house can therefore be monitored even when you are away be, e.g. B. by regular recordings of all rooms and sending the (individual) images over the Internet to an address that are retrieved can.

In no case are continuous recordings and their storage necessary.

2.6 Failure monitoring of the devices

The program must also be activated in the event of certain failures (power failure Motion detector does not respond, even though the monitored person is there is, the transmission signal fails, the PC fails, etc.) Execute consequences: e.g. B. alarm in headquarters or / and a message on the screen and write it down in a log that the Motion detector z. B. the hallway does not work. Alternatives should be specifiable.

All alarms and pre-alarms should also be detailed (where, why, when) be logged - to check whether everything works. envoy Alarms should be "acknowledged" immediately via the loudspeaker become: to calm down, or to z. B. with the left Transmitter to stop the pre-alarm.

As for the broadcaster, a category should be entered that a pre-alarm takes a long time (× minutes) until the alarm If the transmitter was forgotten to put on: In the morning next to the bed, in the bathroom, in the kitchen. This pre-alarm should also come from the Computers come and possibly give a light signal (for the hard of hearing): z. B. Lights in the apartment at regular intervals and turn off. It would be best to indicate where the Sender is (or on the computer in writing - or show in the plan if this is easier or both).

2.7 Pulse, temperature, blood pressure measurement

A corresponding own module should be connectable here.  

2.8 Single service

A corresponding own module should be connectable here.

2.9 Remote surveillance of the house by video cameras and Control of devices over the phone or the Internet

A corresponding own module should be connectable here.

3. Details about the transmitter and the connections PC, transmitter, receiver and phone 3.1 transmitter

3.1.1 ≧ Press twice: active alarm: contact via finger (like lift)
3.1.2 ≧ Press twice after pre-alarm: suppress alarm
3.1.3 Microphone to speak in: Switch on using the button on the side
3.1.4 Can be charged by induction by storing overnight
3.1.5 Integrated or glued under a clock. The bracelet is the antenna

3.2 Connections of the PC with 3.2.1 Wristband transmitter <PC

Inclusion of the floor plan via transmitter → in Excel table. Not a special one Switch transmitter but PC program to "Recording" and switch on + switch off the receive mode by pressing a button, so that only 1 Coordinate set (x, y, z) is recorded - per corner point.

3.2.2 Receiver → PC

To calculate the location of the transmitter: 4 cables of the same length to the box. From box to PC via transmitter or cable. Battery for a short time in the event of a power failure.

3.2.3 PC → telephone

To answer the call using the microphone in the wristband, after using Speakers come: turn on the microphone by hand, Connection through transmitter to PC, where forwarding to the phone takes place.

Alarm to HND or police or private person. Choose from one of the 3 predefined telephone numbers via modem: selection by PC Program. If not available, the next number is dialed. choice a number even after a power failure. B. at break-in (alarm  provided) or in program z. B. for the sick etc. provided. With battery Operation on request.

3.2.4 Telephone <PC: To give an alarm or to suppress a pre-alarm. From HND / police / private person Call: x loudspeakers are turned on PC program that decides whether the speakers are switched on or whether the normal telephone should ring.

4. Motion detector instead of LPS

4.1 The basic principle is similar to LPS: A motion detector is worn on the wrist, which, like LPS, reports about every 5 seconds whether the hand is moving. The computer then "knows" that man is moving, but he does not know whether there is a problem if he is not moving because this is either an accident or an "allowed" rest, e.g. B. is in bed or on the couch. So the quiet zones must be monitored additionally, for which there are different options:

• - Pressure sensors because rest positions are associated with furniture are
• - Magnetic field changes in the rest positions caused by the Presence of a person (a crowd) disturbed or lasting to be changed.
• - Simple image recognition, i.e. whether in certain areas of the Image that a stationary video camera every few seconds picks up movement or calm. Specifically, it can Video camera activated by a focused motion detector become. The picture shows where the quiet zone, e.g. B. is the couch and the adjacent image zones are movement zones, too determine the direction of movement. So the person collapses getting up, it is clear that immobility is a problem is.
• - Motion detector on a wall that is focused and the radio Report presence. First, a simultaneous movement from Wrist transmitter and recognized by the stationary motion detector. Subsequently, an allowed immobility for one certain time occur.

4.2 Types of motion detectors

Our favorite for the wrist motion detector is a fluxgate Compass. With 2 field plates - for the x and y planes - as a transducer Direction vector set so that every movement is registered electronically becomes. A part with 2 axes costs less than DM 100 and fits under a watch.

Simple devices are also conceivable in which a permanent magnet Changes in position induced a current.  

State of the art 1. European patent application EP 10 14 103 A2 Local Positioning System (LPS)

The LPS is used to determine the position of vehicles and thus Vehicle control. As with GPS (Global Positioning System) Satellites, local stations take over the transmission of signals, those picked up by the vehicle and used to determine position be used.

Our LPS system works exactly the other way round: the transmitter is mobile, that Receiver stationary and connected to each other via a computer.

The accuracy is given as about 60 meters, which is about the factor 100 less than our LPS system, and therefore not usable.

2. European patent application EP 10 65 579 A1

It is about a self-driving vehicle, the previously traveled routes can follow. Position signals from outside, while driving are received and programmed routes are compared and corrected.

This is just about repeating distances, which is not is comparable to our general position determination.

3. Another system (published on the Internet) also works like GPS with several hardwired transmitters and a kind of "electronic Reflection "on the objects whose position is to be located. This Objects, mostly stored things, send their code number and the rough one Location back.

4. U.S. Patent No .: 6195023 Daimler Chrysler AG, Feb. 27, 2001 "Communication based vehicle positioning reference system"

Here vehicles are supposed to be guided along predetermined paths, whereby it there are individual reference waymarks, the crossing of which is registered. Computer for different distances and an on-board computer, connected via radio waves / news, direct the vehicles.

5. U.S. Patent No .: 6221010, April 24, 2001 "Home medical supervision and monitoring system"

Here medical values of patients are recorded on critical conditions in a connected PC are examined and  possibly forwarded to an external location, as well as fire, smoke etc. in the apartment.

6. U.S. Patent No .: 6083156, July 4, 2000

Similar to US Patent 6221010, but with a portable computer.

7. U.S. Patent No .: 6169484 "Personal location system", January 2, 2001

The system is roughly the usual home emergency call service when the call is active the connection to a service center is established. It is supplemented by monitoring different areas in which the monitored Person (or people) goes or comes from her. Every person has one Transponder that characterizes the person or group of people, whereby these identifications are transmitted by radio waves. Our system is passive, in principle different and better.

8. U.S. Patent No .: 6101478, August 8, 2000 "Multi-user remote health monitoring system"

This is about the connection between a central office, primarily via the Internet to decentralized computers, with the help of which Health status of individuals is monitored. The connection is on both sides, so questions can be asked to the patient and these z. B. answered via language programs, but primarily automatically between the central server and the decentralized Network computers.

9. U.S. Patent No .: 5873369, February 23, 1999 "System for monitoring health conditions of an individual and a method thereof "

At least one physiological value such as the pulse is measured here and with technology similar to that of the home emergency service to a central office sent. An active call for help is also possible. From there is an answer via loudspeaker (as with the house emergency service) possible, e.g. Legs Warning.

10. US Patent No .: 6219385, April 17, 2001 "Degital AM / FM positioning system - an international positioning system"

The system is based on the basic principles of GPS, but uses At least 3 digital AM or FM transmitters for location determination, better 3 each AM and 3 FM transmitters and a reference transmitter.  

The system is based on radio waves and is therefore also in inner cities usable with high-rise buildings or closed rooms.

The achievable accuracy is 30 meters, which is far too imprecise for the localization of people in rooms.

11. U.S. Patent No .: 6175329, January 16, 2001 "Automatic emergency and positioning indicator"

This is a combination of GPS and module phone to call for help in an emergency, z. B. Police or fire brigade, the position of the caller for help is passed on. So this only works outdoors and is active.

Claims (10)

1. A local positioning system for moving objects, characterized in that each moving object receives a transmitter, by means of which signals are recognized that the respective object is moving or not moving and where it is, calculated by a central computer. The signals are picked up by at least 4 stationary receivers, of which at least 3 are used to calculate the 3-dimensional coordinates of the transmitter and the 4th is used for calibration. In principle, the primary signals can also be sent in reverse by the receivers and answered by the transmitters. There can be almost any number of transmitters with their individual identifiers, e.g. B. sent identifying numbers, are evaluated in the central computer.
The main claim is characterized in that old people or sick people with such channels z. B. equipped on the wrist to determine: 1. whether the person is moving and 2. where he is, using a program stored in the computer - with special zones of the person's stay - that also decides whether the old or sick person is in danger or not and then automatically dials a given phone number. 2. A surveillance system according to claim 1, characterized in that it works with a special computer program, which among other things has the following capabilities:

• a) The floor plan and floor plan of an apartment, a garden or the floor plan and floor plan in a multi-storey house is drawn using a transmitter.
  The particular location of the movable transmitter is recognized by a specific program module by storing the x, y, z coordinates in a file. All rooms are scanned with the transmitter, the coordinates are saved and drawn with the integrated drawing program.
• b) When the floor plan is ready, the next step takes place: Each room of the apartment and also each special area of a room must be identified as such and assigned to categories.
• c) The program registers that the transmitter is moving from one room to another. The alarm system must react depending on the previously defined category of the room. (For example, only movement is normal, i.e. harmless, like in the hallway - or rest + movement like on a couch.)
  One of the categories means: An alarm is triggered between 0 and 30 cm above the floor in all rooms if the transmitter is motionless there for more than x seconds.
• d) An annual and / or daily schedule can be stored for each room / location category. It specifies from when to when (time, calendar day, holiday, etc.) movement or rest is normal.
• e) Some program features
  Activate loudspeaker:
  • - If the alarm or service center calls, a loudspeaker near the transmitter should be activated (or all). The program "knows" where the transmitter is.
  • - In the event of a break-in: All loudspeakers should emit very loud text (with a deep voice) to expel the burglar.
  • - Store language texts in the alarm or service center: In the event of a break-in, inform the police of the address and the cause (eg: "Here is the alarm system from Talstrasse 13 in Oberrodenbach, the elderly Mrs. Müller is sleeping and a person is moving in the living room, he came . . . from the cellar").
    When the alarm center faints: "... No longer moves in the bathroom".
    In the event of a system error at the service center: "The transmitter has not been broadcasting for 1 hour";"A recipient has failed";"The computer crashed" etc.
• f) burglar alarm
  The program should also be able to react in the event of a break-in: as soon as in a certain room in a certain time period (e.g. at night in the living room) or when the monitored person is in another room and a motion detector responds (via a transmitter, he gives his no. known so that the program knows which room the signal comes from). B. to the police or to a headquarters.
  The program should also have the option of switching on a video camera and possibly light (or only light) at the same time in the room where the motion detector responded and when the monitored person is not there and to save the recordings in the PC and from there depending on Request to send to a central office and / or to give it back on the screen.
  Times should also be entered here. For example, a cleaning lady could have a key and come between 8 a.m. and 12 p.m. or a child etc. During these times, no alarm should be triggered.
  At night, an alarm should be triggered if the movement does not start in the bedroom - or if the movement begins somewhere other than on the way to the toilet because the bracelet has been removed beforehand. The same applies if the alarm tape carrier has left the house and has not switched off the intruder detector on the PC.
  In addition to the alarm to a central office or the police, it should be possible to enter that at certain times e.g. B. at night or in absentia a loudspeaker is switched on to make the burglar leave the house with a warning.
• g) When video cameras are used, absolutely safe privacy is important. The minicomputer / PC must be used to ensure that the video cameras are inactive, i.e. cannot start operation if they are not released by agreed criteria. In the bathroom, bedroom or anywhere, they should normally be visibly directed towards the floor and only swiveled up when they are taking pictures, i.e. when programmed. The criteria are defined on site by the minicomputer / PC, so the video cameras cannot be switched on by the head office unless this has been definitely agreed. We assume that an alarm can always be triggered via an HND bracelet using a push button. In this case, too, all video cameras of the apartment or house are activated via the minicomputer / PC and the house is observed, in accordance with the agreements made with seniors or singles, how the person or the house should be protected. The house can therefore be monitored even when you are away, e.g. B. by regular recordings of all rooms and sending the (individual) pictures over the Internet to an address that can be called up.
  Under no circumstances are continuous recordings and their storage necessary.
• h) Failure monitoring of the devices
  Even in the event of certain failures (power failure, a motion detector does not respond, even though the person being monitored is there, the transmission signal fails to appear, the PC fails, etc.), the program must carry out certain consequences: e.g. B. bring alarm to the control center and / or a message on the screen and write in a log that the motion detector z. B. the hallway does not work. Alternatives should be definable.
  All alarms and pre-alarms should also be logged in detail (from where, why, when) - to check whether everything is working. Sent alarms should be "acknowledged" immediately via loudspeaker, reported: to calm down, or to z. B. with the transmitter left to stop the pre-alarm.
  As far as the transmitter is concerned, it should be entered in a category that a pre-alarm with a long time (x minutes) should occur until the alarm if the transmitter has been forgotten: in the morning next to the bed, in the bathroom, in the kitchen. This pre-alarm should also come from the computer and possibly give a light signal (for the hard of hearing): B. Switch the lights in the apartment on and off at regular intervals. It would be best to use a loudspeaker to indicate where the transmitter is (or on the computer in writing - or show it on the map if this is easier or both).

3. A system for monitoring according to claim 1, characterized in that the addition of motion detectors and video cameras can be provided for extended protection:
Additional motion detectors and the program protect against burglars. It can e.g. B. be programmed that movements in the house between 11 p.m. and 6 a.m. should trigger an alarm, provided that this movement does not start in the bedroom (or on the way to the toilet). The same thing happens when the program detects that e.g. B. a 2nd person enters the house from where other than the main entrance. 4. A system for monitoring according to claim 1, characterized in that a supplement by pulse, temperature and blood pressure measurement is possible.
If the pulse, temperature and blood pressure measuring devices are put on at certain times, the values can be evaluated with the minicomputer via a program and an alarm can be triggered to a doctor or neighbor if the measured values are exceeded or fallen short of, or regularly to the family doctor be sent. The mini computer of course needs a suitable connection for this, the rest is as usual. 5. A system for monitoring according to claim 1, characterized in that an additional expansion to senior and single service is possible.
Some things can be identical to the surveillance of seniors, e.g. B. housing surveillance against burglary. Only the program is switched differently here.
The main difference is that instead of the mini computer or simple PC, there is a normal (inexpensive) PC that is connected to the Internet. Nevertheless, there should be the possibility that even for people (e.g. older people) who want to have absolutely nothing to do with computer technology, easy handling is possible. In addition, a PC with a touchboard or voice input could be used in order not to have to work with a keyboard. All commands could be written on the touchboard, as well as companies (with telephone numbers), doctors, police, fire brigade, friends, travel agencies, pizza service, repair shop, etc. Voice input would also be suitable, e.g. B. Numbers 1 to 50, the pronounced dial a phone number or execute computer commands such. B. Call up a speech recognition program for the dictation and then send this letter by e-mail to another address via another number. Of course, connection to the television would also be possible.
The alarm could e.g. B. go to the DRK headquarters, the single service to companies on the market with existing headquarters.
It is important to be able to call the head office to take orders and provide information.
Typical tasks would be:

• - Obtaining offers for repairs around the house and car and to make repair appointments. The organization of entire tasks such as the repair of a pipe break by a plumber, the closing of the gap, new coloring and the repair of a damaged floor, including settlement with the insurance company.
• - Advice on what is found under which Internet addresses, e.g. B.
  • - Latest news and newspaper archives
  • - Encyclopedias
  • - Event information
  • - consumer information
  • - stock market prices
• - Obtain travel and vacation offers and obtain tickets
• - Order pizza and general food on time in the house
• - Doing purchases with home delivery
• - Secretarial work, bank processing (paying bills, cash withdrawals, collecting travelers checks), going to the post office, packing packages, etc.
• - Arrange doctor-hairdresser-optician etc. appointments
• - Obtain tickets and dates for opera, theater, cinema, museum visits etc., as well as videos
• - Make reminders for specific people
• - Look after cleaning service, laundry service, cats, dogs, flowers and organize babysitting on time
• - Arrange discussions with specialists, certain government officials, advisors, etc. after suitable or responsible persons have been found
• - Presence with large deliveries and acceptance
• - For the storage of delivered goods, especially food, heat-insulated boxes with a snap lock are delivered, in which the goods can be deposited at the front door when you are away
• - Certain programs can be installed on the PC on request (and if necessary, e.g. anti-virus programs). B .:
  • - A medical self-diagnosis program
  • - German and European timetables
  • - chess and other games
  • - Free goods were professionally selected for travel, areas of knowledge, games, music etc. and acceptance was confirmed by surveys
• - On request, a connection to selected other subscribers of the single service can be established
• These services are provided through portal services.
  So travel agencies are involved, locally close secretaries, housewives, early retirees, cleaning women etc. They are engaged in direct advertising and through employment offices for specific jobs, contracts are concluded and stored in databases with addresses, telephone and e-mail numbers. In larger locations, a local organizer is used to find and support the part-time employees (e.g. 630 DM jobs) and to monitor their performance and reliability.

6. A monitoring system according to claim 1, characterized in that supplements for dog owners are possible:

• a) Keep dogs within an area without a fence. The area is only entered into the PC and the location of the dog is determined via the transmitter on the collar; If it approaches the border, it receives increasing power surges, triggered by the PC via a transmitter. The same can be done with any pet.
• b) Bell prevention: The time is programmed, in which time he is allowed to bark and when not, so he can always wear the collar (near the house). Likewise, he should z. B. barking at home, etc., as flexible as desired by the dog owner.
• c) Training / educational device: Can be used as a variant of the above devices
• d) location of hunting dogs in z. B. a badger or fox burrow: here the receivers would have to be set up to be movable and geometrically measured. The location and movement of the dog would be made visible on a laptop.

7. A system for monitoring according to claim 1, characterized in that the logistics can be supported: You can flexibly control industrial trucks via PC by storing the workshop as a plan and programming the routes of the individual vehicles. When changing the journey, the specification only needs to be changed on the PC. Priority rules for many vehicles can be programmed, e.g. B. right before left.
Likewise, sports fields, but also parks, could be mowed by remote-controlled lawnmowers, watered (individual flower beds, for example), fertilized, or whatever, in a very targeted manner.
Cranes can also be controlled so flexibly, as can unmanned fire engines in the event of fire with toxic gases, etc. 8. A monitoring system according to claim 1, characterized in that that a chaotic camp can be supported: chaotic means that newly stored parts are placed in any free space. Small transmitters with numbers are glued to the parts; in the PC on the The local location with the number of the Transmitter. Suitable in confusing camps with large parts or on Construction sites. The control of high-bay warehouses would also be conceivable, as well a coupling with the very inexpensive transponder technology for many small ones Parts as subgroups to individual parts displayed. 9. A system for monitoring according to claim 1, characterized in that the following details about the transmitter and the connections PC, transmitter, receiver and telephone are carried out:

• a) Press ≧ twice: active alarm: contact via finger (like lift)
• b) Press mal twice after pre-alarm: suppress alarm
• c) Rechargeable via induction by storing overnight
• d) Integrated or glued under a clock. The bracelet is the antenna
• e) To answer a call via microphone in the wristband after voices come through loudspeakers: switch on the microphone by hand, connection by transmitter to the PC, where the transfer to the telephone takes place.

10. A monitoring system according to claim 1, characterized in that instead of an LPS system for old or sick people, a motion detector is worn on the wrist:

• a) The basic principle is similar to LPS: A motion detector is worn on the wrist, which, like LPS, reports about every 5 seconds whether the hand is moving. The computer then "knows" that man is moving, but he does not know whether there is a problem if he is not moving because this is either an accident or an "allowed" rest, e.g. B. is in bed or on the couch.
• b) So the quiet zones must also be monitored, for which there are different options:
  • - Pressure sensors because rest positions are associated with furniture
  • - Magnetic field changes in the resting positions, which are disturbed or permanently changed by the presence of a person (a mass).
  • - Simple image recognition, i.e. whether there is movement or rest in certain areas of the image that a stationary video camera takes every few seconds. Specifically, the video camera can be activated by a focused motion detector. The picture shows where the quiet zone, e.g. B. is the couch, and the adjacent image zones are movement zones that also determine the direction of movement. So if the person collapses after getting up, it is clear that immobility is a problem.
  • - Motion detector on a wall that is focused and report presence by radio. First, a simultaneous movement from the wrist transmitter and the stationary motion detector is recognized, then an allowed immobility can occur for a certain time. A collapse e.g. B. next to the bed may be "overlooked".
• c) Types of motion detectors:
  Our favorite for the wrist motion detector is a fluxgate compass. With 2 field plates - for the x and y planes - a direction vector is defined so that every movement is registered electronically.
  Simple devices are also conceivable in which a permanent magnet induces a current when the position changes.