DE10123092B4 - Method and static mixer for mixing at least two fluids - Google Patents

Abstract

Method for mixing at least two fluids, comprising the following steps:
Merging a plurality of separate fluid streams of the two fluids to form alternately adjacent fluid fins of the two fluids,
Discharging the combined fluid fins to form a focused total fluid flow,
Introducing the focused total fluid flow as a fluid jet into a vortex chamber to form an inwardly flowing fluid spiral,
- Deriving the mixture formed from the center of the fluid spiral.

Description

The The invention relates to a method for mixing at least two fluids and a static micromixer according to the preamble of claim 12th

aim when mixing at least two fluids, achieving a uniform distribution of the two fluids in a given, usually as possible short time. For this purpose, static micromixers are particularly advantageous used, as they are in the overview by W. Ehrfeld, V. Hessel, H. Leo in Microreactors, New Technology for Modern Chemistry, Wiley-VCH 2000, pages 41 to 85 are shown. For the mixture of liquids are produced by known static micromixers alternately adjacent fluid lamellae of a thickness in the μm range mixing times between 1 s and a few milliseconds achieved. The mixing of gases takes place due to the higher Diffusion constant still much faster instead. In contrast to dynamic mixers, in which turbulent flow conditions prevail in static micromixers by the given geometry exact adjustment of the width of the fluid fins and thus the diffusion paths allows. The result of this in static micromixers achieved very close Distribution of mixing times allows manifold possibilities of optimization of chemical reactions in terms of selectivity and yield. One Another advantage of static micromixers is the reduction the component size and thus Integration into other systems, such as heat exchangers and reactors. Through the interaction of two or more in such a small space interconnected Components in turn result in new possibilities of process optimization. The application potential of micromixers extends from liquid-liquid and gas-gas mixtures for the formation of liquid-liquid emulsions, gas-liquid dispersions and thus also to multiphase and phase transfer reactions.

One according to the principle of multilamination working static micromixer has a microstructured interdigital structure in one plane from intermeshing channels a width of 25 microns or 40 μm on (supra, pages 64 to 73). The two fluids to be mixed be through the channels in split a plurality of separate fluid streams, the opposite flowing parallel to each other and are arranged alternately to each other. Through a slot become the adjacent fluid streams discharged vertically out of the plane to the top and contacted with each other. Means for The mass production of suitable structuring methods can be the channel geometries and thus the fluid slat width only limited down to the lower micron range to reduce.

A further reduction of the obtained according to the multilamination principle Fluid lamellae can be achieved by so-called geometric focusing become. Such a static micromixer to implement dangerous Fabrics are described by T. M. Floyd et al. on pages 171 to 179 in Microreaction technology: industrial prospects; proceedings of the third International Conference on Microreaction Technology / IMRET3, editor: W. Ehrfeld, Springer 2000. Alternate adjacent channels for the two lead to mixing fluids in a semicircle radially from the outside in a funnel-shaped extended and in a narrow, long channel passing chamber. The Indian Chamber combined fluid lamella flow is thereby transferred into the narrow channel, whereby a reduction of the fluid slat width takes place. Under these laminar flow conditions the mixture is carried out solely by diffusion, so that also by Reduction of slat widths in the lower μm range Mixing times in the millisecond range be reached. The disadvantage is that the narrow as reaction space serving channel with a view to full mixing in one sufficient length is to design, which requires a large design and a causes relatively high pressure drop in this micromixer.

The The invention has for its object a method and a static micromixer to provide for mixing at least two fluids, which is a faster and more even Mixing with low pressure loss and small installation space enable.

The Task is according to the invention with a Method according to claim 1 and a static micromixer according to claim 12.

advantageous Embodiments are specified in the subclaims.

following under the term fluid is a gaseous or liquid substance or a mixture of such substances having one or more solid, liquid or gaseous Solved substances or may contain dispersed.

Of the Term mixing includes also the processes To solve, Dispersing and emulsifying. As a result, the term mixture includes solutions, liquid-liquid emulsions, gas-liquid and solid-liquid Dispersions.

Among a plurality of fluid streams, fluid fins or fluid channels, two or more fluid per fluid More, preferably three or more, more preferably five or more fluid flows, fluid lamellae or fluid channels understood. Alternately adjacent fluid fins or fluid channels in two fluids, A, B, mean that they lie side by side in at least one plane alternating, resulting in an order of ABAB. The term "alternately adjacent" in three fluids A, B, C includes different orders, such as ABCABC or ABACABAC. The fluid lamellae or fluid channels can also be alternately adjacent in more than one plane, for example offset in a checkerboard pattern in two dimensions. The fluid laminations and fluid channels associated with the different fluids are preferably arranged in the same direction or in opposite directions parallel to one another. The last-mentioned variant of the flow arrangement is known in principle from microstructured interdigital structures of intermeshing fluid channels. The two fluids to be mixed are divided by the fluid channels in a plurality of separate fluid fins, which are oppositely parallel to each other and arranged alternately to each other.

The inventive method for mixing at least two fluids comprises four process steps. In the first step, a plurality of separate fluid streams of the two Merged fluids, wherein alternately adjacent fluid lamellae of the two fluids form. In the second step, the so united fluid lamellae are under Training a focused total fluid flow dissipated. in the Third step is the resulting total fluid flow as a fluid jet introduced into a vortex chamber to form an inwardly flowing fluid spiral. In the last step, the mixture thus formed is made derived from the center of the fluid spiral.

The bring together takes place in such a way that the first separated fluid streams pour into a room. Here you can the fluid streams parallel to each other or into one another, for example radially inward, be aligned. When merging fluid lamellae form out, their cross-sectional areas first those of the fluid streams correspond. By the discharge as a focused total fluid flow finds a reduction in the width and / or the cross-sectional area the fluid lamellae, while increasing the flow rate. The thus accelerated focused total fluid flow is called a fluid jet introduced into the vortex chamber. The entering into the vortex chamber Fluid jet flows along a spiral line inward to the center of the vortex chamber where the mixture is derived becomes. The fluid flow is characterized by the previous focus accordingly closely alternately adjacent fluid lamellae.

Only that in the extreme Swirling streaming Fluid adjoins the lateral inner surfaces of the vortex chamber; the inner turns of the fluid spiral adjoin the side on both sides flowing in the same direction Fluid of the previous and subsequent turns. Therefore contributes to friction essentially only the contact with the upper and lower palm the vortex chamber at. The pressure loss achieved with this mixer is therefore lower than that of a mixer with a corresponding long trained focusing channel. In addition, by the spiral course a compact design with long mixing distance and thus long residence time realized.

One Another advantage is the contact of a turn of the fluid spiral with the previous and the following winding, resulting in the faster diffusive mixing of the fluid fins contributes to each other.

Advantageous prevail in the interior of the vortex chamber laminar flow conditions in front. However, it is also conceivable in some areas turbulent flow conditions in a total spiral flowing inward Fluid stream to have.

in the With regard to a complete Mixture by diffusion has the spiraling inward fluid flow a sufficient length and thus a sufficient number of turns to ever in the Vortex chamber inflowing Fluid volume to achieve a sufficient residence time.

The Setting the desired conditions can in particular by an appropriate choice of the cross-sectional area of incoming focused total fluid flow, the shape and dimensions of the vortex chamber and the cross-sectional area the outlet for the formed mixture can be reached from the vortex chamber.

Preferably become fluid streams each with a width in the range of 1 micron to 1 mm and a depth in Range of 10 microns brought together to 10 mm.

Preferably, the combined fluid streams are focused such that the ratio of the cross-sectional area of the focused total fluid flow to the sum of the cross-sectional areas of the fluid flows to be merged is perpendicular to the flow direction in the range of 1 to 1.5 to 1 to 500, preferably in the range of 1 to 2 to 1 to 50, lies. The smaller the ratio, the more the fin width is reduced and the more the flow rate at which the focused total fluid stream is introduced as a fluid jet into the vortex chamber is increased. According to one embodiment variant, the focused total fluid flow has a constant over its length cross-section. According to another embodiment variant, the cross-sectional area of the focused total fluid flow decreases from the area of merging of the fluid streams towards the point of entry into the vortex chamber, the above ratio being valid for the area with the smallest cross-sectional area.

Prefers is the ratio the length of the focused total fluid flow to its width in the range of 1 to 1 to 30 to 1, preferably in the range 1.5 to 1 to 10 to 1. Here, the focused total fluid flow should be as long as possible to a sufficient focusing effect while maintaining the laminar Flow conditions too force. However, the focused total fluid flow should be short be in order for a low pressure loss and a compact design the total fluid flow as quickly as a fluid jet to be able to initiate into the vortex chamber.

Advantageous has the vortex chamber in the plane of the fluid spiral a substantially round or oval shape to form the fluid spiral in laminar flow conditions and to allow low pressure loss.

To an embodiment For example, the focused total fluid flow is at an acute angle or preferred introduced tangentially into the vortex chamber, in particular as possible generate many turns of the fluid spiral, and dead water areas, d. H. Area that is not constantly flows through be avoided.

at contacting of immiscible fluids (e.g., liquid-gaseous) it cheap be the disperse phase at a steeper angle than the continuous one Phase in the vortex chamber to flow to let. By an adjacent tangential inflow of continuous phase can emerging drops or bubbles are sheared off, resulting in smaller Gets drops / bubbles. As in the case of the mixture liquid and gaseous Fluid the fluid a much higher one Mass as the gas has, the spiral formation by the introduction The gases at a steeper angle only slightly disturbed.

It may be advantageous in the combined fluid streams and / or to introduce another fluid into the vortex chamber. The further Fluid may be a mixture stabilizing adjuvant, for example an emulsifier. It is also conceivable that the fluid flows already containing such an excipient included.

According to one preferred embodiment the first two steps on at least two spatially separated Places performed simultaneously and the resulting focused Total fluid streams introduced in a plane of the vortex chamber such that a common inward flowing Fluid spiral forms, consisting of at least two individual nested Fluid spirals is formed. The forming fluid spirals lie together in such a way in a plane and around a center that the respective Windings are adjacent to each other. For example, this results two or three initiated focused fluid flows one Type double or triple spiral.

In a further preferred embodiment the first two process steps are at least two spatially separated Places carried out simultaneously and the thus obtained focused total fluid flows fed in different planes of the vortex chamber so that superimposed flowing inward Forming fluid spirals.

So is it possible, for example? in a first level one or more focused total gas streams and total liquid streams alternately adjacent to the vortex chamber and in the subsequent Levels in each case further Gesamtfütsigkeitsströme in the Initiate vortex chamber. This can be realized, for example, by that the height of Whirling chamber is enlarged, whereby e.g. the outlet on Floor and the inlets located near the ceiling of the vortex chamber, so that the plane fluid movement a vertical movement superimposed becomes. Instead of spiral trajectories will receive helical trajectories. Thereby, e.g. the dwellings and contact time of gas bubbles in or with a liquid phase elevated become. Become more in the other levels below Total fluid streams introduced into the vortex chamber, so they form less turns up to the discharge from the vortex chamber. By this execution form is by the extension of the fluid flow and the higher Number of turns of the forming fluid spiral one more greater residence time the total fluid flows reached in the vortex chamber.

Especially Advantageously, the focused total fluid flows become symmetrical distributed in one or more levels around the vortex chamber in this initiated. The total fluid flows to be introduced may be the same fluids or Also have different fluids, which then only in the common Room to be contacted and mixed. The different versions described above can analogous to this embodiment be used advantageously.

In a further embodiment the focused total fluid streams are introduced into the vortex chamber at different angles. This embodiment is used particularly advantageously for mixing gases with liquids in the vortex chamber. Here, the total gas flows are introduced at a steeper angle than the total liquid flows into the vortex chamber, the total liquid streams may also have gas-liquid dispersions. As a result, the total gas flows flowing into the Wirbelkamer be divided from the total liquid flows into small gas bubbles.

Of the static according to the invention Micromixer for mixing at least two fluids is characterized by a vortex chamber, into which the focusing channel opens in such a way that the focused one Gesamtfluidstrom as fluid jet occurs to form a flowing inward Fluid spiral, and at least one fluidically with the vortex chamber related outlet channel for deriving the mixture formed.

The Variety alternately adjacent fluid channels preferably has a Width in the range of 1 μm to 1 mm and a depth in the range of 10 microns to 10 mm for the separate feeding of Fluids as fluid streams on.

The Inlet chamber, into the fluid channels open out, serves the merge the plurality of separate fluid streams the two fluids. The focusing channel is for discharging the in the inlet chamber combined fluid streams to form a focused total fluid flow fluidly with the inlet chamber connected. The focusing channel thus opens into the vortex chamber one that the focused total fluid flow as fluid jet occurs under formation a concentric inward flowing fluid spiral. The at least a fluidically communicating with the vortex chamber outlet channel is used for deriving the mixture formed.

Regarding the The advantages associated with this micromixer are explained above inventive method, especially for low pressure loss, increasing for the faster diffusive Mix available standing contact surface and small design.

The Fast mixing is achieved by producing very thin fluid lamellae and thus achieved by a reduction of the diffusion path. The Fluid fins are fed to the vortex chamber, which further reduces the diffusion path by tilting the fluid fins and reduction the slat width causes. The vortex chamber can be relatively large scale be interpreted (large Diameter, big Height), nevertheless, they become very thin Creates slats. The pressure loss in the vortex chamber can through the big one hydraulic diameter are kept low. Only the constriction by the Wearing focusing channel at the pressure loss. However, this constriction can be very local, i.e. on a very small flow length, done so that it only comes to a moderate pressure loss.

Preferably has the inlet chamber a the fluid channels opposing concave wall, in which the focusing channel advantageously opens in the middle.

By the concave wall is combined with a focus and rapid merging lead away achieved in the focusing channel to obtain the fluid fins.

It However, it is also conceivable, the combined fluid lamella gradually to supply the focusing channel, why the inlet chamber in at least one in the flow direction Plane triangular-tapered or funnel-shaped is trained.

According to one further embodiment the inlet chamber a constant in the flow direction Cross-section on. Focusing takes place in the inlet chamber then not instead, but only in the focusing channel, for example a rejuvenating one Have cross section in the flow direction can. In this case, preferably, the cross section of the inlet opening of the Focusing channel corresponding to the cross section of the inlet chamber.

Of the Focusing channel can flow in the direction also have a constant cross-section, which is especially true is used when the inlet chamber already ensures a focus So that the Focusing in the focus channel is merely continued.

Two preferred embodiments, like the fluid channels in the inlet chamber are, are a parallel alignment and a radial direction inlet chamber tapered orientation.

in the Meaning of a simple technical realization, it is advantageous if the fluid channels, the inlet chamber, the focusing channel and / or the vortex chamber the same depth exhibit. It is also advantageous if the junctions of the fluid channels at least in the area of the inlet chamber lie in one plane.

Preferably, the focusing channel is formed such that the ratio of the cross-sectional area of the focusing channel to the sum of the cross-sectional areas of the in the inlet chamber opening fluid channels each perpendicular to the channel axis in the range of 1 to 1.5 to 1 to 500, preferably in the range of 1 to 2 to 1 to 50, is located. As a result, a further reduction of the lamella width and / or cross-sectional area and, consequently, an increase in the flow rate are achieved compared to the predetermined width of the fluid channels. According to one embodiment, the focusing channel has a substantially constant cross-section over its entire length.

To another variant takes the cross-sectional area of the focusing channel from the inlet chamber to the vortex chamber, the above ratio the cross-sectional areas for the area with the smallest cross-sectional area is applicable. The cross-sectional area of the focusing channel in the area of the confluence in the vortex chamber determined by the width and thus the number the turns of the spiral convoluted fluid flow. Advantageously, the ratio of the width of the in the Whirling compartment opening Focusing channel to the diameter of the vortex chamber in the plane, in which the fluid spiral is formed, less than or equal to 1 to 10th

Prefers is the ratio the length of the focusing channel to its width at least in the region of junction into the vortex chamber in the range of 1 to 1 to 30 to 1, preferably in the range of 1.5 to 1 to 10 to 1.

in this connection becomes the length the focusing channel advantageously chosen so that focusing on small Fluid lamella widths while maintaining the fluid lamellae as well as in the sense a small pressure loss a rapid introduction into the vortex chamber takes place.

In a preferred embodiment the focusing channel is at an acute angle or tangential entering the vortex chamber arranged. this makes possible in particular, an introduction of the fluid lamella flow while maintaining laminar flow conditions and forming a fluid coil having a plurality of turns.

Prefers indicates the vortex chamber in a plane in which the focusing channel is located, a substantially round or oval cross section. hereby Dead water areas are avoided. Particularly preferably, the Whirl chamber to a substantially cylindrical shape. Advantageous Here is the height of the focusing channel, at least in the region of the junction, smaller or equal to the height the vortex chamber.

Of the or the outlet channels preferably open below and / or above a central area, in particular in the area of the center, in the vortex chamber. The cross-sectional area of the or the outlet channels is advantageous compared to the diameter of the vortex chamber and the cross-sectional area of the opening out Focusing channel sized so that a fluid spiral with can form a variety of turns. Preferably, the ratio of Diameter of the outlet channel to the diameter of the vortex chamber less than or equal to 1 to 5.

According to one another embodiment open in the inlet chamber, the focusing channel or the vortex chamber one or more supply channels for supplying a another fluid. Such fluids can stabilize the mixture Excipient, for example an emulsifier. Advantageous flow the feed channels tangential into the vortex chamber so that between adjacent turns of the fluid spiral each have a current of the other Fluid is. Particularly advantageous when feeding a gaseous further fluid into a fluid spiral containing at least one fluid in the vortex chamber the feed channels for the further Fluid is not tangential but at a steeper angle in the Vortex chamber. In this way, the supplied gas from the fluid spiral in small gas bubbles divided and finely distributed.

To a further embodiment are the plurality of adjacent fluid channels, the inlet chamber, into the fluid channels open out, and with the inlet chamber fluidically communicating focusing channel two each or multiple times and the two or more focus channels open into a level into the one common vortex chamber. The focus channels lead to such at an acute angle or preferably tangentially into the vortex chamber a, that the Fluid jets corresponding to two or more adjacent to each other concentric inward flowing Forming fluid spirals. The focusing channels are advantageous in this case in a plane equidistant arranged around the common vortex chamber. The two or multiple existing plurality of adjacent fluid channels, inlet chambers and focusing channels are spatial arranged separately from each other and only via the common vortex chamber fluidically interconnected. These structures can be the feed the same fluids, for example twice the fluids A, B, or else Also different fluids, such as the fluids A, B and C, D, serve.

In a further preferred embodiment, the plurality of adjacent fluid channels; the inlet chamber, into which the fluid channels open, and the focusing channel fluidically communicating with the inlet chamber, each two or more times and the two or more focus Sierungskanäle lead in several levels in the one common vortex chamber.

In a further advantageous embodiment open the focusing channels for the Total fluid streams at different angles into the vortex chamber. This embodiment is especially for the mixing of focused total gas streams with total fluid streams, the at least one liquid included, used in the vortex chamber. The feed channels for the total gas flows into this case at a more acute angle than the feed channels for the at least a liquid containing total fluid flows into the vortex chamber. In this way, the steep angle Eigeleiteten total gas flows from the introduced at acute angles total liquid flows in fine gas bubbles divided.

According to one another preferred embodiment are the fluid routing structures as recesses and / or breakthroughs in plates from one for the zu mixing fluids sufficiently inert material introduced. recesses, such as grooves or blind holes, are in one plane as well perpendicularly surrounded by material. Breakthroughs, such as slots or holes, on the other hand, go through the material, i. are only in one Level laterally surrounded by the material. The open structures the recesses and breakthroughs become fluid guidance structures by stacking with other plates, like fluid channels and chambers, wherein the plate stack fluidly sealed tightly to the outside deck and / or Bottom plate feeders for the have two fluids and / or at least one discharge for the mixture formed.

In a variant of this embodiment are the structures of the fluid channels, the inlet chamber, the focusing channel and the swirl chamber as recesses and / or breakthroughs introduced in at least one serving as a mixer plate plate. The open structures of the mixer plate are fluidic through a finished tightly connected to the mixer plate deck and bottom plate.

According to one Another variant of this preferred embodiment, the static Micromixer between the mixer plate and the bottom plate one with these communicating fluidly arranged distribution plate for separate feeding the fluids from the feeders in the bottom plate to the fluid channels of the mixer plate. For this purpose, the distributor plate advantageously ever zuzuführendem Fluid a series of holes on, each hole being associated with exactly one fluid channel. So serves with two fluids, the first row of the supply of the first fluid and the second row of the feeder of the second fluid.

When suitable materials come depending on the used Different materials such as polymer materials, Metals, alloys, glasses, Quartz glass, ceramics or semiconductor materials, such as silicon, in Question. Preferably, plates of a thickness of 10 .mu.m to 5 mm, particularly preferred of 50 μm up to 1 mm. Suitable methods for fluidically sealing the Plates with each other, for example, pressing together, using from gasketing, gluing or anodic bonding.

When Process for structuring the plates are known Feinwerk- and microtechnical manufacturing processes, such as laser ablation, Spark erosion, injection molding, embossing or galvanic deposition. Also suitable are LIGA processes that at least the steps of structuring with high-energy radiation and electrodeposition and optionally molding.

The inventive method and the static micromixer are advantageous for performing chemical Reactions of two or more substances used, both substances in an introduced fluid or the first substance in a first Fluid and the second substance are contained in another fluid. For this purpose, means are advantageous in the static micromixer integrated to control the chemical reaction, such as Temperature or pressure sensors, flow meters, heating elements, indwelling pipes or heat exchanger. These funds can in a static micromixer on plates with the fluid routing structures or further arranged above and / or below and with these be arranged functionally related plates. to execution heterogeneously catalyzed chemical reactions, the material of the static micromixer also have catalytic material.

Especially the process according to the invention and the micromixer according to the invention are advantageous used for the preparation of a gas-liquid dispersion, wherein at least one introduced total fluid flow is a gas or a gas mixture and at least one other introduced total fluid flow a liquid, a liquid mixture, a Solution, containing a dispersion or an emulsion.

following Become embodiments of the static according to the invention Micromixer with reference to drawings exemplified. It demonstrate

1a a static micromixer, consisting of a cover plate, mixer plate, distributor plate and base plate each separated from each other in a perspective view,

1b a preferred mixer plate after 1a in plan view,

2 another preferred mixer plate in plan view,

3 another preferred mixer plate in plan view,

4 another preferred mixer plate of the plan view,

5 a partial section through a static micromixer according to another embodiment.

The 1a shows a static micromixer 1 with a cover plate 21 , a mixer plate 20 , a distributor plate 26 and a bottom plate 22 each separated from each other in a perspective view.

The cover plate 21 , the mixer plate 20 , the distributor plate 26 and the bottom plate 22 each have a feeder 23 . 23 ' . 23 '' for the fluid A and a supply 24 . 24 ' . 24 '' for the fluid B in the form of a hole. The holes are arranged so that when stacking the plates, the feeds 23 . 23 ' . 23 '' . 24 . 24 ' . 24 '' with the feed structures 23 ''' . 24 ' the bottom plate 22 fluidically communicate. The feeder 23 ''' for the fluid A and the supply 24 ' for the fluid B are in the form of grooves 123a , b, 124a , b so on the bottom plate 22 arranged that the fluid A to the distributor structure 27 and the fluid B to the manifold structure 28 the overlying distributor plate 26 can be passed without significant pressure losses. From the feed structures 23 ''' . 24 ' lead connecting grooves 123a . 124a to distribution grooves 123b . 124b , wherein the distribution groove 124b funnel-shaped expanded. The distributor plate 26 has a distribution structure 27 for the fluid A and a distributor structure 28 for the fluid B, each in the form of a series of holes passing through the plate, passing over the distributor grooves 123b and 124b lie.

In the 1b mixer plate shown in plan view 20 has fluid channels 2 . 3 , an inlet chamber 4 , a focusing channel 5 and a vortex chamber 6 on. The exhaustion 25 in the form of a hole in the cover plate 21 is arranged such that when stacking the plates, the discharge 25 with a central area of the vortex chamber 6 the mixer plate 20 fluidically connected. The channels 2 for the fluid A have a smaller length than the channels 3 for the fluid B on. The channels 2 . 3 are in their from the inlet chamber 4 facing away from each other in parallel, the channels 2 for the fluid A alternately adjacent to the channels 3 lie for the fluid B. In a transition region, the distance between the channels decreases in the direction of the inlet chamber 4 , In the area of the confluence with the inlet chamber 4 are the channels 2 . 3 again aligned parallel to each other. For a uniform volume flow over all channels 2 . 3 for each to reach a fluid, have the channels 2 . 3 each with the same length on each other. This causes that of the inlet chamber 4 remote ends of the fluid channels 2 . 3 each lying on a sheet. The holes of the distributor structures 27 . 28 the distributor plate 26 are also each arranged in an arc such that the ends of the channels 2 . 3 each fluidically contacted with a bore. The inlet chamber 4 into which the fluid channels 2 . 3 open, has a concave shape in the plane of the fluid channels. In the middle area of the concave wall 8th passing the junctions of the fluid channels 2 . 3 is opposite, goes the inlet chamber 4 in the focusing channel 5 above. The focusing channel 5 opens tangentially into the vortex chamber 6 one by one in the plane of the mixer plate 20 arranged circular chamber is formed. The structures of the fluid channels 2 . 3 , the inlet chamber 4 , the focusing channel 5 and the vortex chamber 6 are due to the material of the mixer plate 20 formed through openings, whereby these structures have the same depth. Through the underlying distributor plate 26 and the overlying cover plate 21 these structures, which are open on two sides, are covered to form channels or chambers.

When ready to use micromixer 1 are the plates shown here separated from each other 21 . 20 . 26 and 22 stacked on top of each other and fluidly sealed together, creating the open structures, such as grooves 23 ''' . 24 ' and breakthroughs 2 . 3 . 4 . 5 and 6 , are covered to form channels and chambers. The stack thus obtained from the plates 21 . 20 . 26 and 22 may be received in a mixer housing having suitable fluidic connections for the supply of two fluids and the discharge of the fluid mixture. In addition, a contact pressure force can be applied to the plate stack for fluidically tight connection by the housing. It is also conceivable to use the plate stack as a micromixer 1 to operate without housing, including with the feeders 23 . 24 and the exhaustion 25 the cover plate 21 advantageous fluidic connections, such as hose nozzles are connected.

During the actual mixing process is in the feed hole 23 and into the feed hole 24 the cover plate 21 in each case a fluid A and a fluid B are introduced. These fluids flow in each case through the feed structures 23 ' . 23 '' . 23 ''' and 24 ' . 24 '' . 24 ' the plates 20 . 26 and 22 and are from there evenly in each case in the distributor structures designed as bores 27 and 28 distributed. From the holes of the distribution structure 27 the fluid A flows into the exactly above arranged channels 2 the mixer plate 20 , Likewise, the fluid B passes from the bores of the distributor structure 28 in the exactly above arranged channels 3 , The in the fluid channels 2 . 3 separately guided fluid streams A, B are in the inlet chamber 4 merged to form alternately adjacent fluid lamellae of sequence ABAB. Due to the semi-concave shape of the inlet chamber 4 the combined fluid streams rapidly into the focusing channel 5 transferred. The thus-formed focused total fluid flow becomes tangential into the vortex chamber 6 introduced as a fluid jet. It forms in the vortex chamber 6 a concentric inward flowing fluid spiral 100 out. The formed mixture of fluids A, B will pass through the center of the vortex chamber 6 located discharge hole 25 the cover plate 21 derived.

The 2 shows a mixer plate 20 with three in a common vortex chamber 16 merging focus channels 5 . 15 . 35 in plan view. The focus channels 5 . 15 . 35 each with an inlet chamber 4 . 14 . 34 in fluid communication, in which the alternately adjacent fluid channels 2 . 3 ; 12 . 13 ; 32 . 33 open out. For the sake of clarity, the fluid channels 2 . 3 ; 12 . 13 ; 32 . 33 opposite the arrangement in 1b shown in simplified form. In contrast to the mixer plate 20 to 1b here are the inlet chambers 4 . 14 . 34 in the plane of the mixer plate 20 funnel-shaped from the junctions of the fluid channels 2 . 3 ; 12 . 13 ; 32 . 33 on the focusing channel 5 . 15 . 35 designed to taper. The focus channels 5 . 15 . 35 themselves narrow in their width to the confluence with the common vortex chamber 16 , The arrangements of fluid channels serving to supply the individual and combined fluid streams 2 . 3 ; 12 . 13 ; 32 . 33 , from inlet chambers 4 . 14 . 34 and focusing channels 5 . 15 . 35 are at the periphery of the circular in the plane shown common vortex chamber 16 arranged so equidistant that the focusing channels 5 . 15 . 35 tangentially enter into this. In the above the mixing plate 20 located cover plate and above the center of the common vortex chamber is an outlet channel 7 arranged, whose position is indicated here by a dashed circular line. The separate supply of fluids into the fluid channels is effected by a bottom and distribution plate analogous to that in the in 1a shown arrangement. The feeds may be designed so that the fluid channels 2 . 12 . 32 for the one fluid and the fluid channels 3 . 13 . 33 for the other fluid in each case the same fluid is supplied, so that the static micromixer for mixing two fluids is used. However, it is also conceivable to design the feeders so that three or more fluids can be mixed with the micromixer. Here are a variety of ways to supply. As an example, here is the formation of fluid lamellae of sequence ABACAB in the common vortex chamber 16 explained.

The 3 shows in plan view a mixer plate 20 with a vortex chamber 16 into the two focusing channels 5 . 15 and two feed channels 9a . 9b open out. The focus channels 5 . 15 each with an inlet chamber 4 . 14 in fluid communication, in which the alternately adjacent fluid channels 2 . 3 ; 12 . 13 open out. Again, the sake of clarity, the fluid channels 2 . 3 ; 12 . 13 opposite the arrangement in 1b shown in simplified form. In contrast to the mixer plate 20 to 1b here are the inlet chambers 4 . 14 in the plane of the mixer plate 20 funnel-shaped from the junctions of the fluid channels 2 . 3 ; 12 . 13 on the focusing channel 5 . 15 designed to taper. The focus channels 5 . 15 themselves narrow in their width to the confluence with the common vortex chamber 16 , The arrangements of fluid channels serving to supply the individual and combined fluid streams 2 . 3 ; 12 . 13 , from inlet chambers 4 . 14 focusing channels 5 . 15 and feed channels 9a . 9b are equidistant on the circumference of the circular in the plane shown common vortex chamber 16 arranged such that the focusing channels 5 . 15 and the feed channels 9a . 9b alternately tangentially enter into this. In the above the mixing plate 20 located cover plate and above the center of the common vortex chamber is an outlet channel 7 arranged, whose position is indicated here by a dashed circular line. The separate supply of fluids into the fluid channels and the feed channels 9a . 9b done by a floor and distribution plate analogous to that in the in 1a shown arrangement. The feeds may be designed so that the fluid channels 2 . 12 a first fluid, the fluid channels 3 . 13 a second fluid and the feed channels 9a . 9b a third fluid, for example an adjuvant, is supplied, so that the static micromixer for mixing two fluids with the simultaneous addition of stabilizing the mixture. Excipient is usable. In this exemplary embodiment, it is also conceivable to design the feeders in such a way that three or more fluids can be mixed with the micromixer with simultaneous addition of a mixture-stabilizing auxiliary. Here are a variety of ways to supply. As an example, here is the formation of fluid lamellae of the sequence ABACAD in the common vortex chamber 16 explained.

The 4 shows a mixer plate 20 to Preparation of gas-liquid dispersions with four in a common vortex chamber 16 merging focus channels 5 . 15 . 35 . 45 in plan view. In contrast to the mixer plate 20 to 2 two focus channels open 15 . 45 for the introduction of liquids or liquid mixtures approximately tangential and two more focusing channels 5 . 35 for the introduction of gases or gas mixtures at a steeper angle into the vortex chamber 6 one. The focus channels 5 . 15 . 35 . 45 each with an inlet chamber 4 . 14 . 34 . 44 in fluid communication, in which the alternately adjacent fluid channels 2 . 3 . 32 . 33 . 42 . 43 . 52 . 53 open out. For the sake of clarity, the fluid channels 2 . 3 . 32 . 33 . 42 . 43 . 52 . 53 also in this figure with respect to the arrangement in 1b shown in simplified form.

The 5 shows a partial section through a static micromixer 1 , which is a cylindrical vortex chamber 116 in which a plurality of focusing channels 105 . 105 ' - 105 ''' . 115 . 115 ' - 115 ''' . 135 . 135 - 135 ''' essentially tangential in several planes. These are several mixer plates 120 . 121 . 122 with the interposition of spacer plates 125 stacked.

The supply of different total fluid flows in the vortex chamber 116 takes place alternately via the focusing channels of a plane or alternately via the focusing channels of different planes. To aid in the formation of spiral flow patterns, the fluid flows become approximately tangential to the vortex chamber 116 initiated. The supply of the combined fluid streams from the inlet chambers in the focusing channels is carried out by vertical holes through the mixer and spacer plates 120 . 121 . 122 respectively. 125 , The holes penetrate a defined number of mixing and spacer plates, thus establishing the fluidic connection to a specific plane of focusing channels. The discharge of the fluid streams from the vortex chamber takes place via a central outlet at the lower end face of the vortex chamber. As a result, a velocity component along the cylinder axis is superimposed on the flow and helical, rather than spiral, flow lines are formed.

embodiment

The in the 1a and 1b Static micromixer shown was realized by means of microstructured glass plates. The mixer plate 20 and the distributor plate 26 each had a thickness of 150 microns and the final bottom plate 22 and cover plate 21 each having a thickness of 1 mm. As feeders 23 . 23 ' . 23 '' . 24 . 24 ' . 24 '' in the cover plate 21 , the mixer plate 20 and the distributor plate 26 Drill holes with a diameter of 1.6 mm were chosen. The distributor plate 26 pointed as distribution structures 27 . 28 two rows of 15 slots each with a length of 0.6 mm and a width of 0.2 mm. The fluid channels 2 . 3 the mixer plate 20 had a width of 60 microns with a length of 11.3 mm and a length of 7.3 mm. In the area of the mouth of the channels 2 . 3 in the inlet chamber 4 they were between the channels 2 . 3 webs lying on a width of 50 microns. The width of the inlet chamber 4 in the area of the mouth of the fluid channels 2 . 3 reduced from 4.3 mm to the opposite side to a width of the focusing channel of 0.5 mm. Because all the structures of the mixer plate 20 were realized as breakthroughs, have the fluid channels 2 . 3 , the inlet chamber 4 , the focusing channel 5 and the vortex chamber 6 a depth which is equal to the thickness of the mixer plate of 150 microns. The length of the inlet chamber 4 ie the distance between the mouth of the fluid channels 2 . 3 and the confluence of the focusing channel 5 , was only 2.5 mm, to allow for rapid dissipation and focussing of the combined fluid streams. The ratio of the cross-sectional area of the focusing channel to the sum of the cross-sectional areas of the Fludikanäle 2 . 3 was 1 to 3.6. With a length of 2.5 mm of the focusing channel 5 a ratio of length to width of 5 to 1 was achieved. The focusing channel 5 went in longitudinal extension in the channel-like vortex chamber 6 a length of 24.6 mm and a width of 2.8 mm. The opening angle of the side surfaces of the vortex chamber 6 in the transition area between the vortex chamber 6 and the focusing channel 5 was 126.7 °. The four in the 1a shown plates had an outer dimension of 26 × 76 mm. The plates were patterned photolithographically using photo-structurable glass by a method as described in Microelectronic Engineering 30 (1996), pp. 497-504. The plates were fluidly sealed together by anodic bonding.

1

Static micromixer

2

fluid channel for fluid a

3

fluid channel for fluid b

4

inlet chamber

5

focusing channel

6

swirl chamber

7

exhaust port

8th

concave wall

9a 9b

feed

12

fluid channel for fluid a

13

fluid channel for fluid b

14

inlet chamber

15

focusing channel

16

swirl chamber

20

mixer plate

21

cover plate

22

baseplate

23

Supply for fluid a

24

Supply for fluid b

25

removal

26

distribution plate

27

distribution structure for fluid a

28

distribution structure for fluid b

32

fluid channel for fluid a

33

fluid channel for fluid b

34

inlet chamber

35

focusing channel

42

fluid channel for fluid c

43

fluid channel for fluid d

44

inlet chamber

45

focusing channel

52

fluid channel for fluid c

53

fluid channel for fluid d

55

focusing channel

100

fluid spiral

105 105 '

focusing channel

115 115 '

focusing channel

116

swirl chamber

120

mixer plate

121

mixer plate

122

mixer plate

123

groove

123a

communicating

123b

distributor

124

groove

124a

communicating

124b

distributor

125

spacer plate

135 135 '

focusing channel

Claims (32)

Method for mixing at least two fluids, the following steps include: - Merge one Variety of separate fluid streams the two fluids forming alternately adjacent fluid lamellae the two fluids, - discharge the united fluid fins to form a focused total fluid flow, - Initiate of the focused total fluid flow as a fluid jet into a vortex chamber forming an inwardly flowing fluid spiral, - Derive the formed mixture from the center of the fluid spiral. Method according to claim 1, characterized in that that fluid flows of the two Fluids each having a width in the range of 1 micron to 1 mm and a depth in the range of 10 microns to 10 mm to form Fluid lamella merged become. Method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized that the merged fluid fins are focused such that the ratio of the cross-sectional area of the focused total fluid flow to the sum of the cross-sectional areas of the merged Fluid lamella each perpendicular to the flow direction in the range of 1: 1.5 to 1: 500, preferably in the range of 1: 2 to 1:50, lies. Method according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized that this relationship the length of the focused total fluid flow to its width in the range of 1: 1 to 30: 1, preferably in the range of 1.5: 1 to 10: 1, lies. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the focused total fluid flow into a vortex chamber ( 6 ) is introduced, which has a substantially round or oval shape in the plane of the forming fluid spiral. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the focused total fluid flow at an acute angle or preferably tangentially into the vortex chamber ( 6 ) is initiated. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that in the combined fluid lamellae or in the focused total fluid flow or in the vortex chamber ( 6 ) another fluid, for example a fluid containing a stabilizing additive, is introduced. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized characterized in that both first method steps on at least two spatially separated Places are carried out simultaneously and the obtained focused total fluid flows be introduced into a plane of the vortex chamber such that a common inward flowing Fluid spiral forms, consisting of at least two individual nested Fluid spirals is formed. Method according to one of claims 1 to 7, characterized that the both first method steps on at least two spatially separated Places are carried out simultaneously and the thus obtained focused total fluid flows be supplied in different levels to the vortex chamber, that are superimposed flowing inward Forming fluid spirals. Method according to one of claims 8 or 9, characterized that in the same two two or more performed process steps and / or different fluids are used. Method according to one of claims 8 to 10, characterized in that in the two two or more repeated process steps equal and / or different total fluid flows at different angles in the vortex chamber ( 6 . 16 ) be initiated. Static micromixer ( 1 ) for mixing at least two fluids having a plurality of alternately adjacent fluid channels ( 2 . 3 . 12 . 13 . 32 . 33 . 42 . 43 . 52 . 53 ) for separately supplying the fluids as fluid fins, at least one inlet chamber ( 4 . 14 . 34 . 44 ) into which the fluid channels ( 2 . 3 . 12 . 13 . 32 . 33 . 42 . 43 . 52 . 53 ) and one with the inlet chamber ( 4 . 14 . 34 . 44 ) fluidically communicating focusing channel ( 5 . 15 . 35 . 45 . 105 . 105 ' . 115 . 115 ' ) for discharging the in the inlet chamber ( 4 . 14 . 34 . 44 ) combined fluid lamellae to form a focused total fluid flow, characterized by - a vortex chamber ( 6 . 16 . 116 ) into which the focusing channel ( 5 . 15 . 35 . 45 . 105 . 105 ' . 115 . 115 ' ) in such a way that the focused total fluid flow enters as a fluid jet, forming an inwardly flowing fluid spiral (US Pat. 100 ), and - at least one with the vortex chamber ( 6 . 16 . 116 ) fluidly connected outlet channel ( 7 ) for discharging the formed mixture. Micromixer according to claim 12, characterized in that the adjacent fluid channels ( 2 . 3 . 12 . 13 . 32 . 33 . 42 . 43 . 52 . 53 ) have a width in the range of 1 μm to 1 mm and a depth in the range of 10 μm to 10 mm. Static micromixer according to claim 12 or 13, characterized in that the inlet chamber ( 4 . 14 . 34 . 44 ) a the fluid channels opposite, concave wall ( 8th ) into which the focusing channel ( 5 . 15 . 35 . 45 . 105 . 105 ' . 115 . 115 ' ) opens in the middle. Micromixer according to claim 12 or 13, characterized in that the inlet chamber ( 4 . 14 . 34 . 44 ) has a constant cross-section in the flow direction. Micromixer according to one of claims 12 to 15, characterized in that the focusing channel ( 5 . 15 . 35 . 45 . 105 . 105 ' . 115 . 115 ' ) has a constant or tapered cross section in the flow direction. Static micromixer according to one of Claims 12 to 16, characterized in that the ratio of the cross-sectional area of the focusing channel ( 5 . 15 . 35 . 45 . 105 . 105 ' . 115 . 115 ' ) at least in the region of the confluence with the vortex chamber ( 6 . 16 . 116 ) to the sum of the cross-sectional areas of the in the inlet chamber ( 4 . 14 . 34 . 44 ) opening fluid channels ( 2 . 3 . 12 . 13 . 32 . 33 . 42 . 43 . 52 . 53 ) in each case perpendicular to the channel axis in the range of 1: 1.5 to 1: 500, preferably in the range of 1: 2 to 1: 50, is located. Static micromixer according to one of Claims 12 to 17, characterized in that the ratio of the length of the focusing channel ( 5 . 15 . 35 . 45 . 105 . 105 ' . 115 . 115 ' ) to its width at least in the region of the confluence with the vortex chamber ( 6 . 16 . 116 ) present in the range of 1: 1 to 30: 1, preferably in the range of 1.5: 1 to 10: 1, is located. Static micromixer according to one of Claims 12 to 18, characterized in that the vortex chamber ( 6 . 16 . 116 ) in a plane in which the focusing channel ( 5 . 15 . 35 . 45 . 105 . 105 ' . 115 . 115 ' ), has a substantially round or oval cross-section. Static micromixer according to one of Claims 12 to 19, characterized in that the vortex chamber ( 6 . 16 . 116 ) has a substantially cylindrical shape. Micromixer according to claim 20, characterized in that the diameter of the vortex chamber ( 6 . 16 . 116 ) Is 2 mm to 20 cm, preferably 5 mm to 10 cm. Static micromixer according to one of claims 12 to 21, characterized in that below and / or above a central region of the vortex chamber ( 6 . 16 . 116 ) one or more outlet channels ( 7 ). Static micromixer according to one of Claims 12 to 22, characterized in that the fluid channels ( 2 . 3 . 12 . 13 . 32 . 33 . 42 . 43 . 52 . 53 ), the inlet chamber ( 4 . 14 . 34 . 44 ), the focusing channel ( 5 . 15 . 35 . 45 . 105 . 105 ' . 115 . 115 ' ) and the vortex chamber ( 6 . 16 . 116 ) are arranged in a plane and have the same depth. Static micromixer according to one of claims 12 to 23, characterized in that in the inlet chamber ( 4 . 14 . 34 . 44 ), the focusing channel ( 5 . 15 . 35 . 45 . 105 . 105 ' . 115 . 115 ' ) or the vortex chamber ( 6 . 16 . 116 ) one or more feed channels ( 9a . 9b ) for supplying a further fluid, for example, a fluid containing a stabilizing the mixture, open. Static micromixer according to one of Claims 12 to 24, characterized in that the focusing channel ( 5 . 15 . 35 . 45 . 105 . 105 ' . 115 . 115 ' ) at an acute angle or preferably tangentially into the vortex chamber ( 6 . 16 . 116 ) einmün dend is arranged. Static micromixer according to one of claims 12 to 25, characterized in that the plurality of adjacent fluid channels ( 2 . 3 . 12 . 13 . 32 . 33 . 42 . 43 . 52 . 53 ), the inlet chamber ( 4 . 14 . 34 . 44 ) into which the fluid channels ( 2 . 3 . 12 . 13 . 32 . 33 . 42 . 43 . 52 . 53 ), and with the inlet chamber ( 4 . 14 . 34 . 44 ) fluidically communicating focusing channel ( 5 . 15 . 35 . 45 . 105 . 105 ' . 115 . 115 ' ) are present two or more times and the two or more focusing channels ( 5 . 15 . 35 . 45 . 105 . 105 ' . 115 . 115 ' ) in a plane in which a common vortex chamber ( 6 . 16 . 116 ). Static micromixer according to claims 12 to 26, characterized in that the plurality of adjacent fluid channels ( 2 . 3 ; 12 . 13 . 32 ; 33 . 42 . 43 ; 52 . 53 ), the inlet chamber ( 4 . 14 . 34 . 44 ) into which the fluid channels ( 2 . 3 . 12 . 13 . 32 . 33 . 42 . 43 . 52 . 53 ), and with the inlet chamber ( 4 . 14 . 34 . 44 ) fluidically communicating focusing channel ( 5 . 15 . 35 . 45 . 105 . 105 '; 115 . 115 ' ) are present two or more times and the two or more focusing channels ( 5 . 15 . 35 . 45 . 105 . 105 ' . 115 . 115 ' ) in several planes in which a common vortex chamber ( 6 ; 16 . 116 ). Static micromixer according to claim 26 or 27, characterized in that the two or more existing focusing channels ( 5 . 15 . 35 . 45 . 105 . 105 ' . 115 . 115 ' ) at different angles into the vortex chamber ( 6 . 16 . 116 ). Static micromixer according to one of Claims 12 to 28, characterized in that the fluid-guiding structures, such as the fluid channels ( 2 . 3 . 12 . 13 . 32 . 33 . 42 . 43 . 52 . 53 ), the inlet chambers ( 4 . 14 . 34 . 44 ), the focusing channels ( 5 . 15 . 35 . 45 . 105 . 105 ' . 115 . 115 ' ), Allocations ( 23 . 23 ' . 23 '' . 23 ''' . 24 . 24 ' . 24 '' . 24 ' ) and the vortex chambers ( 6 . 16 . 116 ), as recesses and / or openings in plates made of a material sufficiently inert for the fluids to be mixed and these open structures by the stacking of the plates and by at least one fluidically sealed to the plate stack cover and / or bottom plate ( 21 . 22 ), the top and / or bottom plate ( 21 . 22 ) at least one feeder ( 23 . 23 ''' . 24 . 24 ' ) for the two fluids and / or at least one discharge ( 25 ) for the mixture formed. Static micromixer according to claim 29, characterized by a between a mixer plate ( 20 ) with fluid channels ( 2 . 3 . 12 . 13 . 32 . 33 . 42 . 43 . 52 . 53 ), Inlet chamber ( 4 . 14 . 34 . 44 ), Focusing channels ( 5 . 15 . 35 . 45 . 105 . 105 ' . 115 . 115 ' ) and vortex chamber ( 6 . 16 . 116 ) and the bottom plate ( 22 ) arranged and with these fluidly tightly connected distributor plate ( 26 ) with the feeds ( 23 '' . 24 '' ) for separately supplying the fluids from the feeds ( 23 ''' . 24 ' ) in the bottom plate ( 22 ) in the fluid channels ( 2 . 3 . 12 . 13 . 32 . 33 . 42 . 43 . 52 . 53 ) in the mixer plate ( 20 ). Use of the method and / or the static Micromixer according to one or more of the preceding claims Reacting at least two substances, both substances in one introduced fluid or a first substance in a first fluid and a second substance in another introduced fluid are. Use of the method and / or the static Micromixer according to one or more of the preceding claims Preparation of a gas-liquid dispersion, wherein at least one introduced fluid is a gas or a gas mixture and at least one further introduced fluid is a liquid, a liquid mixture, a solution, a Having dispersion or an emulsion.